Short Columns

Plastic Centroid and Design
of Short Columns subject

to axial load and bending
Geometric Centroid – based on geometric shapes
Plastic Centroid – location of the resultant force
caused by the tensile and compressive force
Concrete:
Steel:
Case 1 (Neglecting Concrete holes)
Case 2 (Considering Concrete holes)

LINE 1
Example 250 350
150
270
600 Pu = 6500kN 300
25 mm diameter Main Bars 65 150

f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
65 65
Find:
1. Geometric Centroid from line 1
2. Plastice Centroid from line 1
3. Bending Moment due to Pu =
6500kN @ 270mm from line 1
(factored)
Solution (Geometric Centroid)
𝐴𝑇 𝑥=∑ 𝐴𝑖 𝑥𝑖 A =250 x 600

A = 350x300
350/2
250/2
250+350/2
Solution (Plastic Centroid)
Concrete: 250 350
150
T1 C1 T2 C2 T3
600 300
65 150
65 65
Solution (Plastic Centroid)
Steel (consider concrete holes) 250 350
)
150
T1 C1 T2 C2 T3
600 300
)
65 150
) 65 65
Resultant force, Ft
250 350
T1 C1 T2 C2 T3
600
65
65 65
Eccentricity:
257.07 Ft = 6501.25 kN
Bending moment:
𝑀 𝑢 = 𝑃 𝑢 𝑒
Columns:
∑ 𝑃 𝑜 = 𝑃 𝑐+ 𝑃 𝑠
𝐹 𝑦 =0
′
𝑃 𝑜 =0.85 𝑓 𝑐 𝐴 𝑐 + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡
′
𝑃 𝑜 =0.85 𝑓 𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 )+ 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡
𝑃 𝑢 =∅ 0.80 𝑃 𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

𝑃 𝑢 =∅ 0.85 𝑃 𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑃 𝑢 =∅ 0.80 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ] 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

𝑃 𝑢 =∅ 0.85 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ] 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
Axially loaded columns, Design of tied Columns
= ∅ 0.80 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′
𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ]
=1.2 𝐷𝐿 +1.6 𝐿𝐿( 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

= 𝜌 𝐴𝑔
𝜌 =steel ratio ,(min : 0.01 , max : 0.08 , for the section¿ be smallest : 0.06)
𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 : 0.015 𝑡𝑜 0.03
∅ =0.65 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

Axially loaded columns, Design of tied Columns
S
𝑎𝑛𝑑 36 , 42 , 58 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
S
𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠h𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑
16 𝑑𝑏 ( 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 ) 𝑜𝑟 48 𝑑𝑡 (lateral ties ) ∨least dimension of the column
𝐶𝐻𝑂𝑂𝑆𝐸 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝑆𝑀𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝑆𝑇
4
𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 : 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
3
Example:
Design a square tied column is to support an axial dead load of
575 kN and an axial live load of 795 kN. Assume f’c = 27.6 MPa ,
and fy = 414 MPa. Use 28mm main bars and 10mm ties.
Solution: value ( 1.5 % ¿ 3 % ) , use 2 %

𝜌 =ideal
𝑡 = 𝜌 𝐴 𝑔 =0.02 𝐴 𝑔
𝑃 𝑢 = ∅ 0.80 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′
𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ]
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∅ =0.65 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

𝑃 𝑢 ( 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) =1.2 𝐷𝐿+1.6 𝐿𝐿=1.2 ( 575 ) +1.6 ( 795 )=1962 kN
𝑃 𝑢 = ∅ 0.80 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′
𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ]
1 962 × 103 =( 0.65 )(0.80 ) ¿

2
=120658.151 𝑚𝑚
2
𝐴𝑔 = 𝑥
=347.36 , say 348 Spacing:
mm
𝜋
𝐴 𝑠𝑡 =
348 0.02 ( 348 ) =𝑛
mm
2
16 ( 28
𝑑 )2
=16 ( 28 )= 448 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑏
48 𝑑 𝑡 = 48 (10 ) = 480 𝑚𝑚
𝑛=𝟒 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚 .=𝟑𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎
348 mm
∴ 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∅ 𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅@𝟑𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝑶.𝑪.

Axially loaded columns, Design of spiral Columns
= ∅ 0.85 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′
𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ]
∅ =0.75 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

ds
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝐷 𝑐 = 𝐷 − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝜋 2
𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝐷𝑐 = 𝐴
4
𝜋 2
𝐴 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐷 = 𝐴
4
𝜋 2
cc 𝐴 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙
cc 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝑑𝑠 =𝑎
Dc 4
D
Axially loaded columns, Design of spiral Columns
Minimum spiral ratio:
𝐴𝑔
[ ]( [ ) ]( )
′ 2 ′
𝑓 𝑐𝐷 𝑓 𝑐
= 0.45 𝜌 𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛
−=10.45 −1
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑦h𝐷𝑐
2
𝑓𝑦h
Spacing of spiral:
4 𝑎 𝑠 ( 𝐷𝑐 − 𝑑 𝑠 ) 𝑠
= 2
𝜌𝑠 𝐷 𝑐
𝑠𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐h = 𝑠 − 𝑑 𝑠 [ 25 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 ≤ 75 𝑚𝑚 ]

Example:
Design a round spiral column to support an axial deadload of 800kN
and an axial live load of 1350 kN. Assume that 2% longitudinal steel
is desired, f’c = 27.6 MPa, and fy= 414MPa, use 25mm main
reinforcement and 10mm spiral with 30mm steel covering
𝑃 = ∅ 0.85 [ 0.85 𝑓
Solution:
𝑢
′
𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ]
𝑃 𝑢 =1.2 𝐷𝐿 +1.6 𝐿𝐿=1.2 ( 800 ) +1.6 ( 1350 ) = 3120 𝑘𝑁
𝑠𝑡 = 𝜌 𝐴 𝑔 =0.02 𝐴 𝑔
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∅ =0.75 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)
= ∅ 0.85 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′
𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ]
3120 × 10 3 =(0.75 )( 0.85 ) ¿

𝟐
=𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟕 . 𝟓𝟗𝟑 𝒎𝒎
𝜋 2
𝑔 = 𝐷
4
2
𝜋 𝜋 (
𝐴 𝑠𝑡 = 0.02
𝜋 2 ( 450 ) =𝑛 2
07.593 = 𝐷 4 4
4
= 446.399 𝑠𝑎𝑦 450𝑛=𝟔

𝑚𝑚 . 𝟒𝟖 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟕 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
ds=10 𝜋 2𝜋 2
𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝐷𝑐 4 =
( 390
𝑎 𝑠 )
( 𝐷𝑐 −
4 𝑠=4
2
𝜌𝑠 𝐷 𝑐
𝜋 2 𝜋 2
𝐴 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐷 = ( 450 )
4 4
𝜋 𝑠=2
(
4
𝜋
𝜋 4
2
( 10 ) 2 ) ( 390 −
𝐴 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝑑𝑠 = ( 10 )
0.00994 ( 390
4 4
𝑠 =𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎 𝑶 .
[ 𝐴𝑔
]( )
′
30𝜌
Dc=450-2(30) 30 𝑓 𝑐
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛= 0.45 − 1
=390 𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑦h
450
[ ](
𝜋
( 4𝑠 0)
2
5𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 =79 − 10= 𝟔𝟗
𝜌 𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛= 0.45
4
𝜋 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒
( 390 )
2
− 1
27.6
)
𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 ≤ 7
: 25414
4
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟒

Short Columns

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Plastic Centroid and Design

of Short Columns subject

Case 2 (Considering Concrete holes)

25 mm diameter Main Bars 65 150

𝐴𝑇 𝑥=∑ 𝐴𝑖 𝑥𝑖 A =250 x 600

𝑃 𝑢 =∅ 0.80 𝑃 𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

𝑃 𝑢 =∅ 0.80 [ 0.85 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ( 𝐴 𝑔 − 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ) + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ] 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

=1.2 𝐷𝐿 +1.6 𝐿𝐿( 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

∅ =0.65 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

Solution: value ( 1.5 % ¿ 3 % ) , use 2 %

𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∅ =0.65 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

1 962 × 103 =( 0.65 )(0.80 ) ¿

∴ 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∅ 𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅@𝟑𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝑶.𝑪.

∅ =0.75 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒)

𝑠𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐h = 𝑠 − 𝑑 𝑠 [ 25 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 ≤ 75 𝑚𝑚 ]

𝑃 𝑢 =1.2 𝐷𝐿 +1.6 𝐿𝐿=1.2 ( 800 ) +1.6 ( 1350 ) = 3120 𝑘𝑁

3120 × 10 3 =(0.75 )( 0.85 ) ¿

= 446.399 𝑠𝑎𝑦 450𝑛=𝟔

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