SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

1.) A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and

total depth of 600mm. The beam will be design to carry a
factored moment of 540 Kn-m. Concrete strength f’c=
28Mpa and steel yield strength fy=248Mpa. Solve using the
strength design method

a. Determine the balanced steel ratio in percent

b. Determine the minimum effective depth of the beam
using a steel ratio ρ equal to 0.5 of balanced steel ratio
c. Determine the minimum effective depth of the beam
using the maximum allowable steel ratio

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
 Solution:
b) Effective Depth using 𝜌 = 0.5𝜌𝑏
Given:
b= 300mm f’c=28Mpa 𝜌 = 0.5 0.0577 =0.0289
h=600mm fy=248Mpa
𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.0289(248)
Mu=540Kn-m 𝛽1 = 0.85 𝜔= = = 0.2556.
𝑓′𝑐 28

𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝝎)=28(.2556)(1-
a) Balanced steel ratio .59(.2556))

0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1 600 0.85 28 0.85 600 𝑅𝑛 = 6.0776 𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝜌𝑏= =
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦) 248(600+248)

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛 =∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
𝜌𝑏=.0577 =5.77%
540 × 106 =0.90(6.0776)(300)𝑑 2
𝒅 = 𝟓𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 c) Effective depth using 𝜌 = .75 𝜌𝑏
𝜌 = .75(0.0577)=0.0433

𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.0433(248)
𝜔= = -=0.3834
𝑓′𝑐 28

𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓′𝑐𝜔(1 − .59𝜔)=28(0.3834)(1-
.59(.3834))=8.307Mpa

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2
540 × 106 =0.90(8.307)(300) 𝑑 2

d = 491mm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 2.) A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an overall depth
of 480mm. The beam is simply supported over a span of 5m. Steel strength
fy=415Mpa and concrete strength f’c=28Mpa. Concrete is 70mm from the
centroid of the steel area. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 Kn/𝑚3 . Other than
the weight of the beam, the beam carries a superimposed dead load of 18
kN/m and a live load 0f kN/m. Use the strength design method.

a. Determine the maximum factored moment on the beam

b. If the design ultimate moment capacity of the beam is 280 kN-m,
determine the required number of 20mm tension bars.
c. If the beam will carry a factored load of 240kN at midspan determine the
required number of 2omm tension bars

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 Solution:
Given:
b=300mm f’c=28Mpa
d=480-70=410mm 𝛽1 = 0.85

fy=415 Mpa 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛=1.4 = 0.00337

𝑓𝑦

Bar diameter,𝑑𝑏 =20mm

Weight of beam,𝑤𝑏 = 𝛾𝑐 𝐴𝑏 =23.5(0.3×0.48)=3.384 kN/m

a.) Maximum factored moment on the beam

Factored load, 𝑤𝑢 = 1.4 3.384 + 18 + 1.7(14)= 53.738 kN/m
Maximum factored moment
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 53.738(5)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 167.93 Kn-m
8 8

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 b.) 𝑀𝑢 = 280 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
Solve for Mu max to determine whether 280×106 =0.90𝑅𝑛 (300)(410)2
compression steel is needed
𝑅𝑛 = 6.169𝑀𝑝𝑎
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1 600 0.85(28)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑏 = = 415(600+415) =0.02881
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦) 0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅 0.85(28)
𝜌= 𝑛
1 − 1 − 0.85𝑓′𝑐 = ቈ1 −
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 =0.02161
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑦
𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =0.03203
𝑓′𝑐

𝑅𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 =f’c𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1-.59𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 )=7.274

𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∅𝑅𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 b𝑑 2 =330.14 Kn.m
Required 𝑀𝑢 = 280 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥
(Singly Reinforced)

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 c) 𝑃𝑢 = 240 𝐾𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑑 = 3.384 (𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚)
𝑚

𝑃𝑢 𝐿 (1.4𝑤𝑑 )𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = + =314.805 Kn.m < 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥
4 8
(Singly)
As=𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.02031 300 410 = 2498 𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑢 314.805×106 𝜋
𝑅𝑛 = = =6.936 MPa As= 𝑑𝑏 2 𝑁
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(300)(410)2 4
𝜋
2498= (20)2 𝑁
4
0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛 .85(28) N=7.95 say 8 bars
𝜌= 1− 1− = ቈ1 −
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐 415

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
and
T-BEAMS
 A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and
effective depth of 460 mm. The beam is reinforced with 2-28
mm compression bars placed 70 mm from extreme concerte.
Concrete strength f’c = 35 MPa and steel strength fy = 345 MPa.

a)What is the balanced steel area considering the contribution

of the compression steel?
b)What is the maximum tension steel area allowed by the
code?

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
 0.05
𝛽1 = 0.85 − 35 − 30 = 0.014
7
𝜋
𝐴′𝑠 = 282 2 = 1232 𝑚𝑚2
4

a) Balanced condition considering compression steel:

600𝑑
𝐶𝑏 =
600 + 𝑓𝑦
600(460)
𝐶𝑏 =
600 + 345

𝐶𝑏 = 292 𝑚𝑚

𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝑓′𝑠 = 600
𝑐
292 − 70
𝑓′𝑠 = 600 𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇
292
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
0.85(35)(0.814𝑥292)(300) + 1232(345) = 𝐴𝑠 (345)
𝑓′𝑠 = 456 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 , 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟕, 𝟑𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 a) Maximum Steel Area:

For rectangular beams:

𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑐𝑏 = 0.75(292)
𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 219.05 𝑚𝑚
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 178.37 𝑚𝑚

𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝑓′𝑠 = 600
𝑐
219.05 − 70
𝑓′𝑠 = 600
219.05

𝑓′𝑠 = 408 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 , 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
0.85(35)(178.37)(300) + 1232(345) = 𝐴𝑠 (345)
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟓, 𝟖𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

 A reinforced concrete T-beam has the following properties:
Flange width, bf = 1370mm
Flange thickness, tf = 130mm
Width of web, bw = 300mm
Effective depth, d = 610mm
As = 2950 mm2
F’c = 28 Mpa
Fy = 414 Mpa

1. What is the depth (a) of the compression block from the top of the
beam?
2. Compute for the total compressive force in concrete.
3. Compute for the ultimate moment capacity of the section in kN-m.

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – T-BEAMS

 SOLUTION:

Assume steel yields

(T=C)
𝐴𝑠 𝐹𝑦 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑎)(𝑏)
2950(414) = 0.85 28 (𝑎)(1370)
𝒂 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝒎 <130mm (OK!)

𝐶 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑎)(𝑏)
𝐶 = 0.85(28)(37.46)(1370)
𝑪 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟏 𝒌𝑵

𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑇 𝑑 − = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝐹𝑦 𝑑 −
2 2
37.46
𝑀𝑢 = (0.90)(2950)(414) 610 −
2
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟔𝟒𝟗. 𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – T-BEAMS

SLAB
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SLAB
SHEAR IN BEAMS
 Design the spacing of a 10mm U stirrups for the beam shown in
Figure. For which DL = 25kN/m(including its own weight) and LL = 64
kN/m. Use f’c = 27.6MPa and fyt = 275MPa.

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SHEAR AND TORSION OF BEAMS

 A reinforced concrete beam has the following properties:
Beam width, b = 320 mm
Effective depth, d = 640 mm
Concrete strength, f’c = 21MPa
If the factored shear force at the critical section is 210 kN, compute the nominal shear
carried by the reinforcement.

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – SHEAR AND TORSION OF BEAMS

COLUMNS
 The column shown in the figure is subjected to 480 kN shear parallel to the
short side. The nominal shear strength of concrete for shear parallel to the
short side is 0.88 Mpa. Use 2001 NSCP.

Give the following data:

b = 450mm
h = 600 mm
f’c = 27.5 Mpa
Fy = 415 Mpa
Fyh = 275 Mpa

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – COLUMNS

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – COLUMNS
 An axially loaded rectangular tied column is to be designed to support a
service dead load of 1600 kN and service live load of 845 kN. The effective
cover to centroid of steel reinforcement is 70 mm. Concrete strength
f’c=27.5 MPa and steel strength fy=415 MPa. Therequired strength is
U = 1.2D+1.6L. Use a reduction capacity factor, ∅ = 0.65.

a. Using 3% vertical steel ratio, what is the required column width (mm) if
architectural considerations limit the width of the column in one
direction to 350 mm?
b. If the column dimension is 400mm x 500mm and using 3% steel ratio,
what is the required diameter of 16 vertical bars?
c. Using column section of 400mm x 500mm, calculate the maximum
moment (kN-m) about the strong axis of the column.

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – COLUMNS

 Given: PD = 1600 kN f’c = 27.5 MPa
PL = 845 kN fy = 415 MPa
∅ = 0.65 U = 1.2D+1.6L

Part 1:
Pu = 1.2 (1600) + 1.6(845)
𝜌𝑔 = 0.03 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.03𝐴𝑔
Column width, b = 350mm

𝑃𝑢 = ∅ 0.80 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴𝑠𝑡 + 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ]

3272𝑥103 = (0.65) 0.80 [0.85(27.5) 𝐴𝑔 − 0.03𝐴𝑔 + 415(0.03𝐴𝑔 )]
𝐴𝑔 = 179,147 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑔 = 𝑏ℎ
179,147 = 350ℎ
𝒉 = 𝟓𝟏𝟏. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – COLUMNS
 Part 2:
𝐴𝑔 = 𝑏ℎ = 400(500)
𝐴𝑔 = 200,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.03𝐴𝑔 = 0.03(200,000)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 6000 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝑁(𝐴𝑏 )
𝜋
6000 = 16 × (𝑑𝑏 )2
4
𝒅𝒃 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝒎

Part 3:
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑏 × ℎ = 400(500)
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑒 = 0.1ℎ = 50𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑃𝑒 = 3272 0.05 = 163.6 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 163.6
𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑀𝑛 = = = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟕 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎
∅ 0.65

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – COLUMNS

FOOTING
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – FOOTING
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – FOOTING
STEEL DESIGN – BOLTED CONNECTIONS
 Given the folowing data for a steel column.
𝑘𝐿
Effective slenderness ratio with respect to x-axis = 53.8
𝑟 𝑥
𝑘𝐿
Effective slenderness ratio with respect to y-axis = 144
𝑟 𝑦

Modulus of Elasticity of steel, 𝐸 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎

Cross-sectional area of the column = 7610𝑚𝑚2
Yield strength of steel, 𝐹𝑦 = 248 𝑀𝑃𝑎

a) Calculate the allowable axial stress (MPa) for buckling about the x-axis.
b) Calculate the allowable axial stress (MPa) for buckling about the y-axis.
c) Calculate the allowable load (kN) of the column.
STEEL DESIGN – COMPRESSION MEMBERS
 𝑘𝐿
SOLUTION: a) 𝑟 𝑥
< 𝐶𝑐
2
2𝜋 2 𝐸 𝑘𝐿
𝐶𝑐 = 𝑟 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑎 = 1 − 𝑥
2 𝐹. 𝑆
2𝐶𝑐
2𝜋 2 (200000) 𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿 3
= 3 𝑟
248 5 𝑥 𝑟 𝑥
𝐹. 𝑆 = + − 3
3 8𝐶𝑐 8𝐶𝑐
𝑪𝒄 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟏𝟕
5 3(53.8) (53.8)3
= + −
3 8(126.17) 8(126.17)3
𝐹. 𝑆 = 1.82
(53.8)2 248
𝐹𝑎 = 1 −
2(126.17)2 1.82
𝑭𝒂 = 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝑴𝑷𝒂

STEEL DESIGN – COMPRESSION MEMBERS

 𝑘𝐿
a) 𝑟 𝑥
> 𝐶𝑐

12𝜋 2 𝐸
𝐹𝑎 = 2
𝑘𝐿
23
𝑟 𝑦

12𝜋 2 (200000)
=
23(144)2
𝑭𝒂 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂

a) Safe allowable stress, Fa = 49.67 MPa

𝑃 = Fa 𝐴
= 49.67(7610)
𝑃 = 377988.7 𝑁
𝑷 = 𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟗𝟖𝟖. 𝟕 𝒌𝑵

STEEL DESIGN – COMPRESSION MEMBERS

• CE Board Nov. 2001
• A simply supported beam having a span of 8m. is laterally
unsupported is made up of A36 Steel with Fy=248 MPa with
the ff. properties:
• bf=0.210m rt=0.073m
• Sx=0.002077 m3 tf=0.016m
• d=0.533m
a. Which of the ff. gives the slenderness ratio above which
the beam would be considered long.
b. Which of the ff. gives the allowable bending stress
c. Which of the ff. gives the maximum uniform load that can
be carried by the beam

STEEL DESIGN – BENDING STRESSES

 A W 250x90 is used as a beam. Given the following properties:
bf = 250 mm Ix = 266x106 mm4
tf = 16mm Iy = 44.5x106 mm4
tw = 10 mm r = 69 Mpa 
d = 350 mm A = 11 550 mm2
Yield strength of steel, Fy = 248 MPa
Allowable flexural stress, Fb = 0.6 Fy
Allowable web shear stress, Fb = 0.4Fy
Allowable horizontal shear stress = 105 MPa

1. Compute the flexural capacity (kN-m) of the beam.

2. Compute the web shear capacity (kN) of the beam.
3. Compute the horizontal shear capacity (kN) at the neutral axis of the beam.

STEEL DESIGN – SHEAR STRESSES

 Solution:

1. Flexural capacity

𝑀𝑐
𝑓𝑏 = ≤ 𝐹𝑏
𝐼𝑥
350
𝑀
2
0.6 248 =
266𝑥106
𝑴 = 𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

1. Web shear capacity

𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = ≤ 𝐹𝑣
𝑑𝑡𝑤

𝑉
0.4(248) =
350(10)
𝑽 = 𝟑𝟒𝟕. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵

STEEL DESIGN – SHEAR STRESSES

 3. Horizontal Shear Capacity

ℎ𝑤 = 0.5𝑑 − 𝑡𝑓 = 159 𝑚𝑚

𝑄 = ∑𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2
159 16
𝑄 = 159 10 + 250 16 159 +
2 2
𝑄 = 794.405𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3

𝑉𝑄
𝑓𝑣 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ≤ 105 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼𝑥 𝑡𝑤
𝑉(794.405𝑥103 )
105 =
266𝑥106 (10)
𝑉 = 351.58 𝑘𝑁

STEEL DESIGN – SHEAR STRESSES

 The 150 mm x 18 mm plate is welded to a 300mm x 18 mm plate by a 10 mm fillet
weld. The steel is A36 and the electrode use was E70 (SMAW) shielded metal arc
welding.
For welding:
Fu = 483.8 MPa
For steel plate:
Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400MPa

1. Determine the tensile load of the welded lap joint based on shear capacity of
fillet weld.
2. Determined the tensile load of the welded lap joint based on gross area of the
plate.
3. Determine the tensile load of the welded lap joint based on block shear strength.

STEEL DESIGN – BEAMS BENDING IN BOTH AXIS

 A bracket is welded to a steel column as shown.
Given:
a = 200 mm
b = 500 mm
Load, P = 360 kN
Allowable weld shear stress,
Fvw = 93 MPa

1. Calculate the load in the weld (N/mm) when a = 0

2. Calculate the maximum resultant load in the weld (N/m) due to eccentric load P.

STEEL DESIGN – WELDED CONNECTIONS

 A CONCRETE PLATFORM WEIGHING 4.80 Kpa IS TO BE
SUPPORTED DURING POURING BY A TIMBER DECK CONSISTING
OF 25 mm PLANKS ( EXACT SIZE ) RESTING ON WOOD JOISTS.
CALCULATE THE ALLOWABLE SPACING OF JOISTS, CONSIDERING
THE PLANK TO BE SIMPLY SUPPORTED. THE ALLOWABLE STRESSES
IN FLESURE AND SHEAR ARE 10.34 Mpa AND 0.7 Mpa ,
RESPECTIVELY. E = 10343 Mpa , AND THE ALLOWABLE
DEFLECTION OF THE PLANK IS 1/300 OF SPAN. TIMBER WEIGHS
7.55 KN/m.

TIMBER DESIGN – BEAMS

TIMBER DESIGN – BEAMS
TIMBER DESIGN – BEAMS
 PROBLEM 1 :

WOOD JOIST ARE USED TO SUPPORT A FLOOR LOAD OF

6.95 Kpa, EXCLUSIVE FOR THEIR OWN WEIGHT.THE JOIST
HAVE AN EFFECTIVE SPAN OF 4.25 m AND BE PLACED AT 40
cm ON CENTERS. THE ALLOWABLE STRESSES ARE 10.35 Mpa ,
AND 0.85 Mpa FOR FLEXURAL AND SHEAR RESPECTIVELY. E =
12,135 Mpa , AND THE DEFLECTION IS RESTRICTED TO 9 mm.
DESIGN THE WOOD JOISTS, WOOD WEIGHS 7.5 KN/cu.m.

TIMBER DESIGN – FLOORING JOISTS

 SOLUTION:
CHECK SHEAR :
LIVE LOAD : v = 3V
w = 6.95(0.40) = 2.78 kN/m 2bd
M = 2.78(4.25)2 = 6.28 kN.m W joist = 7.5 (0.05)(0.30)
8 Wb = 0.1125 kN/m
f = 6M Wt = 2.78 + 0.1125
bd2 Wt = 2,8925 kN/m
10.35 = 6(6.28)(1000)2 V = 2.8925(4.25/2)
bd2
bd2 = 3,638,678 mm3 V = 6.15 kN
TRY b = 50 mm v = 3 x (6.15)(1000)
50d2 = 3,638,678 mm3 2 50(300)
d = 270 mm , SAY d = 300 mm v = 0.615 MPa < 0.85 Mpa (OK)

TIMBER DESIGN – FLOORING JOISTS

 CHECK DEFLECTION :
y = 5wL2
384 EI
I = 50(300)
12
I = 112,500,000 mm4
y = 5(2.8925)(4250)4
384(12,135)(112,500,000)
y = 9.0 mm
ALLOWABLE y = 9.0 mm (OK)

USE 50 mm x 300 mm JOIST

TIMBER DESIGN – FLOORING JOISTS

TIMBER DESIGN – COLUMN
 PROBLEM:

DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM SAFE RAFTER SPACING

WHOSE DIMENSION ARE 75 mm x 300 mm x 5 m. AS SHOWN ,
WITH ALLOWABLE FLEXURAL STRESS OF 15.9 Mpa . CANSIDER
LIVELOAD = 770 N/m2 , CEILING LOAD = 240 N/m2 , ROOF AND
PURLINS LOAD = 280 N/m2 AND WEIGHT OF RAFTER IS 8x103
N/m3.

TIMBER DESIGN – DESIGN OF PURLINS

TIMBER DESIGN – DESIGN OF PURLINS