Osmosis Diffusion Active - Transport+student

Section Objectives
Explain how the processes of

diffusion, passive transport, and
active transport occur and why they
are important to cells.
Predict the effect of a hypotonic,
hypertonic, or isotonic solution on a
cell.
8.3 Cell Transport
Learning Objectives
 Explain how passive transport works.
 Explain how active transport works.
Osmosis
Osmosis: Diffusion of Water
Diffusion is the movement of particles

from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
In a cell, water always moves to reach an
equal concentration on both sides of the
membrane.
The diffusion of water across a selectively

permeable membrane is called osmosis.
Regulating the water flow through the
plasma membrane is an important factor in
maintaining homeostasis within a cell.
What controls osmosis?
Unequal
distribution of Before
After
Osmosis
particles, called Osmosis
a concentration
gradient, is one
factor that
controls
osmosis.
Selectively
permeable Water molecule
Sugar molecule
membrane
Most cells whether in multicellular or

unicellular organisms, are subject to
osmosis because they are surrounded by
water solutions.
Cells in an isotonic solution
isotonic solution-
(= concentrations)
the concentration of H2 O
dissolved substances H2 O
in the solution is the
same as the
concentration of
dissolved substances
inside the cell.
Water Molecule
Dissolved Molecule
water molecules move

into and out of the cell
at the same rate, and
H2 O cells retain their
H2 O normal shape.
Water
Molecule
Dissolved
Molecule
A plant cell has its

normal shape and
pressure in an isotonic
solution.
Cells in a hypotonic solution
hypotonic solution:
dilute solution thus low
solute concentration
In a hypotonic H2O
solution, water enters H2O
a cell by osmosis,
causing the cell to
swell.
Water
Molecule
Dissolved
Molecule
Cells in a hypotonic solution
Plant cells swell

beyond their normal
size as pressure
increases. (plants
prefer this –it makes
the leaves firm)
Cells in a hypertonic solution
hypertonic solution:
concentrated solution,
thus a high solute
concentration
H2O
In a hypertonic solution, H2O
water leaves a cell by
osmosis, causing the
cell to shrink
Water
Molecule
Dissolved
Molecule
Cells in a hypertonic solution
Plant cells lose

pressure as the plasma
membrane shrinks
away from the cell
wall. PLASMOLYSIS
Osmosis in Cells
Isoton Hyperto Hypotoni

ic nic c
Passive Transport: Diffusion
Solute
s
Outside Cell
Cell Membrane
Inside Cell
Higher concentration of Diffusion causes net At equilibrium, particles
solute on one side of the movement of solute particles move equally in both
membrane than the other from the side of the membrane directions, so there is no
with the higher solute net change.
concentration to the side with
the lower solute concentration.
Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion
Passive Transport: Osmosis
aquapo
rin
sugar
water
cell
membrane
Passive Transport
When a cell uses no energy to move particles

across a membrane passive transport occurs
Particles go DOWN their concentration gradient.
Diffusion & osmosis are passive transport.
Plasma Concentration gradient

membrane
Passive Transport by proteins
Passive transport of materials across the

membrane using transport proteins is called
facilitated diffusion.
Channel
proteins
Plasma
membra Concentrati
ne on gradient
Passive Transport by proteins
Some transport proteins, called channel proteins,

form channels that allow specific molecules to
flow through.
Active Transport
active transport :Movement of materials through

a membrane against a concentration gradient
and requires energy from the cell.
Cellular energy
Carrier
proteins
Plasma
membrane Concentration
gradient
Cellular
energy
How active transport occurs
a transport protein called a carrier protein first

binds with a particle of the substance to be
transported.
Each type of carrier protein has a shape that fits
a specific molecule or ion.
Transport of Large Particles
Endocytosis is a process by which a cell surrounds and takes

in material from its environment.
The material is engulfed and enclosed by a portion of the cell’s
plasma membrane.
resulting vacuole with its contents moves to the inside of the
cell
Exocytosis is the expulsion or secretion of materials from a
cell.
Endocytosis
Exocytose
Active Transport
Protein Endocytosi Exocytosis

pumps s
Endocytosis
8.4 Homeostasis and Cells
Learning Objectives
 Explain how single-celled organisms maintain
homeostasis.
 Describe how cells of a multicellular organism work
together to maintain homeostasis.
The Cell as an Organism
To maintain homeostasis, unicellular organisms grow,
respond to the environment, transform energy, and
reproduce.
Multicellular Life
The cells of multicellular organisms become specialized for
particular tasks and communicate with one another to
maintain homeostasis.
Specialized Animal Cells
The cells stained pink

are red blood cells.
They carry oxygen to

the cells of your body
and pick up carbon
dioxide as a waste.
Specialized Plant Cells
Levels of Organization
Cell Tissue Organ Organ

syste
m
Cellular Communication

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Section Objectives

Explain how the processes of

Diffusion is the movement of particles

The diffusion of water across a selectively

Most cells whether in multicellular or

water molecules move

A plant cell has its

Plant cells swell

Plant cells lose

Isoton Hyperto Hypotoni

When a cell uses no energy to move particles

Plasma Concentration gradient

Passive transport of materials across the

Some transport proteins, called channel proteins,

active transport :Movement of materials through

a transport protein called a carrier protein first

Endocytosis is a process by which a cell surrounds and takes

Protein Endocytosi Exocytosis

The cells stained pink

They carry oxygen to

Cell Tissue Organ Organ

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