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    Lesson 7 Transport Mechanism

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    theamazingmarx

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    Lesson 7 Transport Mechanism

    Uploaded by

    theamazingmarx
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    2 views35 pages

    Lesson 7 Transport Mechanism

    Uploaded by

    theamazingmarx

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 35

    CELL MEMBRANE

    Phospolipid Bilayer

    Presentation by: Ms. Neslyn Jane Tolentino


    OOTD: OBJECTIVE OF THE DAY
    At the end of the discussion, I should be able to:
    1. Describe the structural components of the cell membrane
    2. Relate the structure and composition of the cell membrane
    to its function
    3. Explain transport mechanisms in cells (diffusion osmosis,
    facilitated transport, active transport)
    4. Differentiate exocytosis and endocytosis
    WHAT IS CELL MEMBRANE?
    The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell,
    regulating what enters and exits. Composed mainly of a
    phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, it protects the cell,
    maintains its shape, and supports communication with other cells.
    It is selectively permeable, allowing specific substances to pass
    through.
    WHAT ARE PHOSPHOLIPIDS?

    Phospholipids are the main


    component in cell membranes.
    They line up in a bilayer
    arrangement, acting as a barrier
    to water soluble molecules.
    PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE

    The head of the The phospholipid tails are


    phospholipid is made two fatty acids.
    of one molecule of
    glycerol and a
    phosphate group.
    PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE
    The head is polar The fatty acid tails are non-polar
    because of the and hydrophobic (water hating).
    phosphate group. They are insoluble in water.
    This makes the head
    hydrophilic (water
    loving). It is soluble
    in water.
    Phospholipids are amphipathic as they have
    both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
    Cholesterol manages the fluidity of the
    CELL MEMBRANE membrane and stops the phospholipids
    COMPONENTS sitting too closely together. This
    stabilizes them and reduces the chance
    of the membrane freezing in cold
    Cholesterol
    temperatures.
    The carbohydrate chain on the
    CELL MEMBRANE glycoprotein allows it to act as a receptor
    COMPONENTS molecule. They can bind with certain
    substances and some act as cell markers
    for cell-to-cell recognition.

    Carbohydrate chain

    Glycoprotein
    Glycolipids stabilize the cell
    CELL MEMBRANE membrane by making hydrogen

    COMPONENTS bonds with nearby water molecules.


    They support with cell recognition
    and triggering immune responses.
    Glycolipid
    Proteins create a passageway for ions
    CELL MEMBRANE and polar molecules to move through
    COMPONENTS the cell membrane. Carrier proteins can
    transport substances along or against
    Carrier Protein
    the concentration gradient by changing
    conformation and binding to substances.
    Channel proteins transport ions and
    CELL MEMBRANE polar molecules along the
    COMPONENTS concentration gradient. The pores
    allow substances to pass through
    without binding to the protein.

    Channel protein
    TRANSPORT MECHANISM
    Movement of molecules in and out of the cell
    What is Transport Mechanism?
    Transport mechanisms are processes by which
    substances move across the cell membrane, either into
    or out of the cell. These mechanisms help maintain
    homeostasis by controlling the internal environment
    of the cell.

    Transport can be classified into two main types:


    passive transport and active transport.
    Passive Transport Active Transport
    Movement of molecules Movement of molecules
    across the cell membrane across the cell membrane
    without the use of cellular that requires energy
    energy (ATP). Molecules (usually ATP) because
    move from areas of high substances are moved
    concentration to areas of against their concentration
    low concentration (down gradient (from low to high
    the concentration gradient). concentration).
    Types of Passive Transport
    Diffusion is when particles
    move along a concentration
    gradient from high to low
    concentration. Movement
    of small molecules (e.g.,
    oxygen, carbon dioxide)
    directly through the
    phospholipid bilayer.
    Diffusion
    Diffusion Example
    Alveoli are air sacs in the
    lungs and the site for gas
    exchange. Oxygen diffuses
    through the thin walls into
    the blood to be transported
    around the body. Carbon
    dioxide diffuses into the
    alveoli to be exhaled.
    Types of Passive Transport
    Facilitated Diffusion refers
    to the movement of larger
    or charged molecules (e.g.,
    glucose, ions) through the
    membrane with the help of
    transport proteins (e.g.,
    channel or carrier proteins).
    Types of Passive Transport
    Osmosis - diffusion of water
    molecules through a
    selectively permeable
    membrane from areas of
    low solute concentration to
    high solute concentration,
    typically through
    specialized channels called
    aquaporins.
    Osmosis
    Osmosis Example
    Red blood cells take in and
    lose water by osmosis. In a
    concentrated solution, red
    blood cells shrink and lose
    water. In a dilute solution, red
    blood cells gain water, swell
    and could burst. It is a very
    fine balance.
    Osmosis Example
    What is active
    transport?
    Active transport is when
    particles move against a
    concentration gradient
    from low to high
    concentration. This
    requires energy.
    Active Transport

    Energy
    Active Transport Example
    Plants take up mineral ions
    through root hair cells. Mineral
    ions are at a higher concentration
    in the root hair cell than the soil,
    so active transport is required to
    move the ions against the
    concentration gradient.
    Quick Comparison
    Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport
    Does not Does not
    Requires energy
    require energy require energy

    High to low High to low Low to high


    concentration concentration concentration
    Quick Comparison
    Bulk Transport
    Transport of large particles or volumes of fluid across
    the cell membrane using vesicles. This process
    requires energy.
    Bulk Transport
    Types of bulk transport:
    Endocytosis - the process by which the cell
    engulfs large particles or fluids into the cell by
    forming vesicles from the cell membrane.
    Exocytosis: The process by which vesicles fuse
    with the cell membrane to release substances
    (e.g., hormones, enzymes) outside the cell.
    Bulk Transport
    Endocytosis
    Phagocytosis: "Cell eating,"
    where large particles (e.g.,
    bacteria) are engulfed.
    Endocytosis
    Pinocytosis: "Cell drinking,"
    where the cell takes in
    extracellular fluid and dissolved
    substances.
    Endocytosis
    Receptor-mediated Endocytosis:
    The cell absorbs specific
    molecules using receptor proteins
    on the membrane.
    Exocytosis
    The active transport of
    substances such as waste
    material, signaling proteins and
    neurotransmitters to the external
    [-exo] environment.
    CELL MEMBRANE
    Phospolipid Bilayer

    Presentation by: Ms. Neslyn Jane Tolentino

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