The Simpson Rule: Munis Mehboob

The Simpson Rule
Munis Mehboob
Department of Naval Architecture
Calculating Waterplane Area
• Ship’s waterplane area is not a regular shape
• No ship has a waterplane coefficient of 1. Most close to a CWL of 1
are utility barges
• This presents a problem for calculating the waterplane area of the ship
• The simpson rule was devised to calculate waterplane area
numerically
Ordinates and Half-ordinate
Ordinate is the vertical distance from one ship end to the other. Half ordinate is the vertical distance from
ship centerline to the ship side.
Ship’s waterplane area is divided into different sections of equal distance starting from aft to fwd
Ordinate or half-ordinate at each section is measured

Condition
• Simpson First Rule is only applicable under following condition:
Sections should be even in number

Condition
• Simpson First Rule is only applicable under following condition:
Sections should be even in number
Simpson Rule is Applicable Simpson Rule is not Applicable

Simpson Multiplier
Value of Half-Ordinate Simpson Multiplier Product

0 1 0
5.2 4 20.8
6.4 2 12.8
7 4 28
6 2 12
4.9 4 19.6
0 1 0
Total of Product 93.5
The Simpson’s Formula
• To calculate the waterplane area when half-ordinates are given:
Calculating Volume of Displacement
• Area of ship’s waterplane commencing from load water plane to
bottom are given
• Or the midship area starting from stern to bow are given
• Same methodology is used with same condition and same formula
• The resultant answer would be the volume of displacement of that
ship
A Home Exercise
The area of ship’s waterplane commencing from draft waterline down to
the inner bottom at equidistant intervals are:
2500, 2000, 1850, 1550, 1250, 900, 800 (meter square), respectively
Below the inner bottom is an appendage 1 meter deep which has a
mean area of 650 sq m. The draft at current loading is 7m . Find the
volume of displacement at this condition.
Value of Simpson Product
Ordinate Multiplier
Solution
2500 1 2500
• Distance from Design waterplane to 2000 4 8000
inner bottom : 7-1 = 6m
1850 2 3700
• Total number of half ordinate = 7
• Total number of sections would be = 1550 4 6200
6
1250 2 2500
• h would therefore be equal to = 6/6
= 1m 900 4 3600
800 1 800
Total of Product 27,300
Solution
• Volume of Displacement will be calculated using simpson rule:
Vol of Displacement = 9100 cubic meter (from waterplane to inner bottom)
• Volume of Appendage = 1 * 650 = 650 cubic meter
• Total Volume of displacement = 9100 + 650 = 9750 cubic meter

What will be the displacement of ship
for given condition in sea water?
Add-ons
Will there be a difference in volume of
displacement of ship in river and in sea
water for the same displacement?
Add-ons
What will be the displacement of ship for given condition in sea water?
Δ = Density * Volume, Δ = 1.025 * 9750 = 9993.75 tonnes
Will there be a difference in volume of displacement of ship in river and in sea water for the
same displacement?
Vol of Disp = Δ / Density, ▼ = 9993.75 / 1 = 9993.75 cubic meter
Will there be any change in ship draft?

Yes
Effect of Density
A Class Exercise
• Calculate the area of a ship’s waterplane whose half-breadths at 10m

intervals from aft are:
• 0, 6, 8, 8.5, 8.5, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 4.5, 2.5 and 0 meter
• Calculate the CoF of ship’s waterplane measured from aft at current
loading
Solution
Half-ordinate Simspon Multiplier Product
0 1 0
• Awp = (10/3)(185)(2)
6 4 24 • Awp = 1233.33 sq m
8 2 16
8.5 4 34
8.5 2 17
8.5 4 34
7.5 2 15
6.5 4 26
4.5 2 9
2.5 4 10
0 1 0
Sum of Product 185
Centroid Half-
ordinate
Simspon
Multiplier
First
Product
Lever
from Aft
Product of
Moment
Calculation 0
6
1
4
0
24
0h
1h
0
24h
• CoF = (Sum of Product of 8 2 16 2h 32h

moment / Sum of First 8.5 4 34 3h 102h
Product)
8.5 2 17 4h 68h
• CoF = 830 h / 185
8.5 4 34 5h 170h
• CoF = 8300 / 185
7.5 2 15 6h 90h
• CoF = 44.86m from aft
6.5 4 26 7h 182h
4.5 2 9 8h 72h
2.5 4 10 9h 90h
0 1 0 10h 0
Sum of 185 830h
Product
A Home Exercise - 2
• Half-breadths of a transverse bulkhead , at 2m intervals (Vertical) starting

from top are:
• 10.6, 10, 9.3, 8.3, 7.1, 5.7 and 3.8 meters
• Below the lowest semi-ordinate is a rectangular appendage 7.6m broad
and 1m deep. Find the total area of bulkhead and distance of its geometric
center from the bottom of the appendage.
A Hint
Solution
•Area of Bulkhead = (2/3)(143.2)(2)

•Area of Bulkhead = 190.9 sq m HALF
BREADTH
SIMPSON
MULTIPLIER PRODUCT
LEVER FROM
BOTTOM
PRODUCT
(MOMENT)
•Area of Appendage = 7.6 * 1 = 7.6 10.6 1 10.6 6h 63.6h
sq m
•Total Area of Bulkhead = 190.9 + 7.6 10 4 40 5h 200h
= 198.53 sq m
9.3 2 18.6 4h 74.4h
8.3 4 33.2 3h 99.6h
7.1 2 14.2 2h 28.4h
5.7 4 22.8 1h 22.8h
3.8 1 3.8 0h 0
Sum 143.2 488.8h

Position of Geometric Center of
bulkhead = (488.8 * h) / (143.2) =
6.8m
Geometric
Center - Position of Geometric Center from
Solution bottom of Appendage = 6.8 + 1 =
7.8m
Position of Geometric Center
(Bulkhead and appendage
combined) = ?
• Geometric Center of Appendage alone = ½ = 0.5m
• Geometric Center of Bulkhead alone from bottom
Geometric of appendage = 7.8m
Center -
• Geometric Center of bulkhead and appendage
Solution combined from bottom of appendage =
• = 7.546 m
Quick Summary
• Simpson rule can be used to calculate Area of Waterplane and
Volume of displacement
• Simpson Rule gives us a rough estimate of AWP and Vol of Disp
• Simspon first rule can only be used under one condition (Even number
of sections)
• Simspon rule can also be used to calculate CoF and Geometric
centers of bulkheads

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The Simpson Rule

Ordinate or half-ordinate at each section is measured

Sections should be even in number

Sections should be even in number

Simpson Rule is Applicable Simpson Rule is not Applicable

Value of Half-Ordinate Simpson Multiplier Product

• Volume of Appendage = 1 * 650 = 650 cubic meter

• Total Volume of displacement = 9100 + 650 = 9750 cubic meter

Δ = Density * Volume, Δ = 1.025 * 9750 = 9993.75 tonnes

Vol of Disp = Δ / Density, ▼ = 9993.75 / 1 = 9993.75 cubic meter

Will there be any change in ship draft?

• Calculate the area of a ship’s waterplane whose half-breadths at 10m

• CoF = (Sum of Product of 8 2 16 2h 32h

• Half-breadths of a transverse bulkhead , at 2m intervals (Vertical) starting

•Area of Bulkhead = (2/3)(143.2)(2)

8.3 4 33.2 3h 99.6h

7.1 2 14.2 2h 28.4h

5.7 4 22.8 1h 22.8h

Sum 143.2 488.8h

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