9.

Manoeuvre the ship (Mengolah gerak kapal)

1. A balanced rudder has some of the rudder area forward of the rudder
axis. About how much area should this be to call it a balanced rudder?

A. It should be about 20%

B. It should be about 50%
C. It should be about 5%
D. It should be about 55%

2. A ship is equipped with a right-handed fixed pitch propeller, which when

going from Full Ahead to Full Astern will make the ship sheer to
starboard. Can anything be done to reduce this change in heading?

A. The rudder can be put to Hard to Port to reduce the water flow to
the right side of the propeller
B. The rudder should be kept amidships when going astern and there
is little that can be done to reduce the swing to starboard
C. The rudder should be put Hard to Port to reduce the water flow to
the left side of the propeller
D. The rudder can be put from side to side in a "Rudder Cycling"
movement.
3. A ship is passing through a narrow channel and keeping to the starboard
side of the fairway, as illustrated. What could be expected in this
situation?

A. The ship will suffer bank rejection and the bow will be pushed
away from the bank
B. The ship will suffer ship to shore interaction and the bow will be
sucked towards the bank
C. The ship will be sucked towards the bank and the stern will be
pushed away due to ship-to-shore interaction.
D. The ship's rudder will suffer a lack of effectiveness due to the
shallow water, but should not be affected by the bank being close to
the bow.
4. A ship is steaming at "Full Ahead" when the engines are changed to "Full
Astern". Would this reversal of engines produce the same results in deep
water as in shallow water (where the under keel clearance is equal to
about half the draught)?

A. The effectiveness of the rudder and propeller are greatly reduced

and therefore the results will be considerably different
B. The speed will reduce quickly and the transverse thrust will swing
the ships head to starboard as the ship slows down.
C. The reduction in speed and turning effects will vary very little
between deep and shallow water.
D. The shallow water will produce an increase in water velocity and a
reduction in pressure.
5. A ship normally turns (swings) around a point which is not the centre of
gravity. What is this point normally called?

A. Pivot Point
B. Centre of Floatation
C. Centre of Turn
D. Centre of Buoyancy

6. A ship turns around a point known as the "pivot point". Where is the
position of this invisible point when the ship is stopped and "dead" in the
water?

A. At about same position as the centre of gravity of the ship

B. About one third the ship's length near the stern of the ship
C. At the Centre of Flotation of the ship
D. About one third of the ship's length near the bow
7. A tug is moving towards the bow of the ship to make fast and is in the
vicinity of the ship's shoulder, as illustrated. What specific danger should
be considered when making this approach to the bow?

A. The tug may be turned across the bow of the ship and also suffer a
lose of stability with a danger of being turned over if touched by
the ship
B. The positive pressure field at the ships bow may repel the tug and
make the connection very difficult to establish
C. The stern of the tug may be sucked in towards the bow and also
suffer a reduction in the positive GM, making it very unstable.
D. All of the alternative answers

8. How can the effects of Squat be minimized, when a ship is proceeding in

shallow water?

A. Maintain a slow speed just sufficient to maintain steerage

B. Maintain a speed of about six (6) knots and use minimal rudder
when manoeuvring
C. Decrease the speed and keep the ship to the centre of the channel
where the water is probably deepest
D. Enter the shallow water with a stern trim and proceed at a moderate
speed.
9. If a ship requires 2 nautical miles to stop in the water from a "crash stop"
when proceeding at full ahead in deep water. What will the stopping
distance be in shallow water?

A. A greater distance
B. A shorter distance
C. Similar distance to deep water
D. About 1.5 nautical miles

10. On the figure there are four (4) possible definitions of the term "AIR
DRAUGHT" given. Which one is the correct one?

A. Air draught is given by C on the figure

B. Air draught is given by B on the figure
C. Air draught is given by A on the figure
D. Air draught is given by D on the figure
11. Ships vary considerably in design and underwater shape, but does
the ship's trim ever have any influence on its steering abilities?

A. Yes, the ship often steers better if trimmed by the stern

B. No, the ship will have the same steering ability and is unaffected by
trim
C. Yes, a ship often steers better if trimmed by the bow
D. Yes, it is usually best to be on an even keel and have no trim at all

490
12. The engines are going astern and the ship is making sternway of
about 1.5 knots with the rudder hard to starboard. What effect will this
have on the ship's progress?

A. This will give the stern a lift force to starboard

B. The rudder will have no effect when the ship is making sternway, it
should be in the amidships position when going astern
C. This will give the stern a lift force to port
D. There will be no lift force and the ship will go straight astern

13. The maximum rudder angle on your ship is 35 degrees. Do you think
this is the angle that the rudder is most effective?

A. No, the most effective rudder angle is about 25 to 30 degrees, this

is because the rudder is "stalling" at 35 degrees angle
B. No, the rudder is most effective at angles between 10 and 20
degrees
C. Yes, the rudder is most effective at max angle
D. No, the rudder is most effective at small rudder angles

491
14. The rudder is in the hard over position with the propeller stopped
and the ship turning slowly. On a ship with a single fixed pitch right
handed propeller and no thrusters, what can be done to make the ship
increase the speed of turn without significantly increasing the forward
speed of the ship?

A. Give the engines a short kick ahead

B. Give full astern on the engines until ship has stopped and then full
ahead on the engines with rudder hard over
C. Give dead slow ahead on the engines and leave the rudder in the
hard over position.
D. Give half astern on the engines as this will increase the rate of turn
15. The ship has a right-handed propeller and is swinging to starboard
when the engines are slow ahead and the rudder is to starboard. The
engines are stopped and the rate of swing rapidly slows down. How could
the swing to starboard be maintained without the ship making much
headway.

A. Astern on the engines will allow Transverse Thrust to continue the

swing
B. By applying the rudder hard over to starboard and going ahead on
the engines.
C. Transverse Thrust will reduce the swing and therefore a kick ahead
is necessary with full starboard helm applied.
D. The only effective method is by using the bow thruster to push the
bow to starboard.
492
16. The ship has completed a 360 degree turn at full speed in deep
water. The ship is now to repeat the turn at full speed in shallow water.
What will be the difference in the turning circle diameter?

A. The turning diameter will be increased in shallow water

B. The turning diameter will be smaller in shallow water
C. The turning diameter will be the same for all depths
D. It will be the same provided the UKC is 25%-50%

17. The ship is required to be stopped in the water as quickly as

possible, but without major changes to the ship's heading. What is the
most effective method to achieve this?

A. The use of the rudder hard over both sides combined with reducing
engine power, a method known as "high frequency rudder cycling"
B. Put the engine full astern and keep the rudder amidships
C. Make a complete turn while reducing the engine power.
D. Make a zig zag manoeuvre while reducing the engine power.

493
18. The ship is sailing in shallow water with reduced Under Keel
Clearance. If the ship is steaming with the engines at full RPM, what
would be the speed in comparison to the speed achieved in deep water?

A. Slower than deep water

B. Faster than deep water
C. The same as deep water
D. It would be very difficult to maintain full deep sea RPM on the
engines and therefore difficult to assess the speed.

19. The ship is starting to slow down after steaming at full ahead speed.
What will happen to the position of the "pivot point"?

A. It will move aft as the ship slows down

B. Same position as when the ship is steaming at full speed ahead
C. The "pivot point" will move towards the bow of the ship
D. It will move to the side of the centre line

494
20. The ship is steaming at Full Ahead when the engines are reversed to
"Full Astern" to stop the ship. The ship has a single, right-handed fixed
pitch propeller. What would be the anticipated reaction of the ship, if
there is no wind or current?

A. The ship will probably sheer to starboard and gradually lose

headway
B. The ship will probably continue on a straight course, but lose
forward speed.
C. It is unpredictable and could be any of the other alternative
answers.
D. The ship will probably sheer to port and gradually lose headway.

21. The ship is to berth alongside a quay in calm conditions of no wind

or current. The ship has a single fixed pitch right handed propeller.
Which angle of approach would be considered the most favourable?

A. No. 2
B. No. 1
C. No. 3
D. The decision should be left to the pilot who is in charge of the
manoeuvre.

495
22. The ship's engine is going astern and the ship is picking up sternway.
The rudder is amidships and the ship has a single, right-handed, fixed
pitch propeller. What would be expected to happen?

A. The ship will probably start to change heading to starboard and

stern speed will increase
B. The ship will probably start to change heading to port and stern
speed will increase
C. The ship will probably go straight astern without a change in
heading and the stern speed will increase
D. The ship will move astern at an increasing speed and the stern start
to swing off to starboard

23. The ship's rudder is full over when the ship's engines are full ahead.
Will the turning effect (lift force) of the rudder be changed when the
engine is stopped?

A. Yes, the lift force will be dramatically reduced when the engines
are stopped
B. Yes, the Lift or turning force will be reduced to about 50% of the
original lift force when the engines are stopped
C. No, the turning force applied by the rudder will be maintained
within about 90% of the lift force when going full ahead
D. No, the lift force is unaffected by the speed of the propeller

496
24. The vessel is in a 360 degrees turn with engine full ahead. If the
engine speed is reduced during the turn, will there be any change in the
turning diameter?

A. Yes, the turning diameter will increase if the speed is reduced.

B. Yes, the turning diameter will be smaller if the speed is reduced.
C. No, the turning diameter will not change if the speed is reduced.
D. No, the turning diameter will only change if the rudder angle is
reduced

25. Two ships are meeting in a restricted channel as illustrated. Which

of the following actions would be the most suitable to take on both
vessels as they approach and pass each other?

A. Slow down if possible without losing steerage and be prepared for

prompt application of rudder to counteract any swing as they
approach and pass each other.
B. Maintain speed and a straight course on the starboard side of the
channel
C. Keep as far as possible on the starboard side of the channel and
maintain speed to retain effective steerage.
D. Increase speed slightly to pass each other as quickly as possible and
thereby reduce the effects of "ship to ship" interaction.

497
26. Two ships travelling in opposite directions are to pass each other in a
narrow river, as illustrated. Explain what is likely to happen as they pass
each other?

A. Due to interaction, the bows will repel each other, and then when
alongside each other the two ships will be sucked together and
finally the sterns will be repelled as they start to pass clear
B. Due to interaction, the bows will attract each other as they
approach, then they will repel each other alongside and as they pass
clear, the sterns will be attracted.
C. As they approach, rudder should be applied quickly to avoid
sheering into the path of each other. Then as they are alongside
they will be attracted and finally repel each other as they pass clear.
D. There will be very little effect between the two ships as they pass.

27. Two vessels are meeting each other in confined waters. What would
be the effects of interaction between the two vessels as they approach
each other?

A. The bows of the ships will be pushed away from each other
B. The bows of the ships will be sucked together
C. Each vessel will experience an increase in speed
D. There will be no effects in these circumstances

498
28. What depth of water would be considered as "Shallow Water" in
relationship to a change of the ships manoeuvring characteristics?

A. When the "Under Keel Clearance" is less than 50% of the draught
of the ship
B. When the "Under Keel Clearance" is equal to the draught of the
ship
C. When the "Under Keel Clearance" is less than 15% of the draught
of the ship.
D. When the "Under Keel Clearance" is less than a quarter of the
draught of the ship.

29. What is the correct understanding of the term "a ship with good
Directional Stability"?

A. A ship which when the rudder is left amidships, it will continue on

approximately a straight course
B. A ship which will maintain its course unless large rudder angles are
applied.
C. A ship which when a rudder angle is applied and the ship starts to
swing, will continue to swing even after the rudder is returned to
amidships
D. A ship where the amount of positive transverse stability (GM) will
vary with the direction of the ship's head.

499
30. What is the correct understanding of the term "bank effect"? If a ship
was approaching the bank at an angle, what would be the effect on the
ship?

A. The vessel's bow is pushed away from the bank

B. The vessel's stern is pushed away from the bank
C. The vessel’s bow is attracted by the bank.
D. The whole vessel would continue straight towards the bank and
would require a large helm order to avoid going aground.

31. What would be the correct definition of the term "Squat"?

A. Squat is the reduction of underkeel clearance and the possible

change of trim of a ship when it moves through shallow water due
to a reduction in water pressure.
B. Squat is the reduction of underkeel clearance of a ship when it
moves through shallow water due to a reduction in water pressure.
C. Squat is the loss of effectiveness of the rudder and propeller as a
ship moves through shallow water due to the reduction of water
pressure.
D. Squat is the reduction of underkeel clearance due to increase of
water flow under the keel and an increase in the water pressure

500
 32. What would be the effects of a ship passing into shallow water?

A. The ship is less responsive to both rudder and propeller.

B. There is no noticeable difference in performance of the ship
C. The speed is not affected, but more rudder is required to steer the
ship
D. The vessel has a tendency to swing to port with a single fixed-pitch
right-hand turning propeller.

33. When a ship is lying at anchor in a tidal area using both forward
anchors, to what particular aspect should the officer of the watch be
paying special attention?

A. When the ship swings to the tide the direction of swing should be
controlled to avoid the anchor cables becoming wrapped round
each other.
B. The tension on both cables should be similar, to avoid one dragging
and all the weight of the ship remaining on the other anchor only.
C. The two anchors will restrict the ships swing with the tide and the
ship may not lie to the prevailing current and wind
D. The ship will become controlled by the tide and the wind will not
be allowed to have any effect on the direction the ship lies at
anchor.

501
34. Where would the "pivot point" be considered to be located when the
ship is proceeding at full speed ahead and there is no wind or current?

A. At about 1/6 of the ship's length from the bow

B. At amidships
C. At a position near the stern of the ship
D. At about 1/6 of the ship's length from the stern

35. Which of the following answers correctly specify the following most
common rudders? a) UNBALANCED, b) BALANCED, c) SEMI-
BALANCED and d) UNDERHUNG BALANCED. i.e. The number in
the picture is related to the letter adjacent to the name of the rudder.

A. 1 = a, 2 = b, 3 = c and 4 = d
B. 1 = b, 2 = c, 3 = d and 4 = a
C. 1 = c, 2 = d, 3 = a and 4 = b
D. 1 = d, 2 = a, 3 = b and 4 = c

502
36. Which of the following hull shapes would normally provide a
directionally stable ship?

A. A long ship with a narrow beam.

B. A short ship with a narrow beam
C. A short ship with a wide beam
D. A long ship with a wide beam
37. Which type of vessel suffers from the greatest squat effects?

A. Vessel with a high Block Coefficient

B. Vessel with a low Block Coefficient
C. Vessel with a large length to beam ratio
D. Vessel with a small length to beam ratio.
38. Who is responsible for the number and the position of any tugs to be
used during a mooring operation?

A. The Master, with consideration of the advice of the pilot

B. The Pilot is fully responsible for the number and use of tugs within
the port area
C. It will be only the wind speed that will determine the required
number of tugs and how they are used.
D. The Port Authority will dictate the tug requirements and their use
within the port limits

503
39. You are sailing in shallow water with a 15% Under Keel Clearance.
Turning the ship around, what space do you need compared to deep
water?

A. Need more space than normal

B. Need less space than normal
C. The turning diameter of your ship is the same for all water depths
D. To port less, to starboard more space

40. In the above diagram of a ship's turning circle the distance A is

known as:

A. Tactical Diameter
B. Stopping Distance
C. Advance
D. Transfer

504
41. In the above diagram of a ship's turning circte the distance B
is known as

A. Diameter of the turn

B. Transfer
C. Radius of the turn
D. Tactical Diameter

42. In the above diagram of a ship's turning circle point C is known as:

A. Heading Point
B. The Foremast
C. The Pivot Point
D. Centre of Flotation

43. The position of the pivot point when making Sternway is

approximately:
A. Amidships
B. One eight of the length of the ship from the stern
C. One quarter of the length of the ship from the bow
D. One quarter of the length of the ship from the stern

505
44. When a single screw ship with a right handed propeller is stopped in
the water and the engine is put half ahead, transverse thrust effect will:
A. Swing the stern to starboard and the bow to port
B. Swing the stern to port and the bow to starboard
C. Have no noticeable effect
D. Swing the bow and stern to starboard

45. The graph represents the decrease of speed, against time, on a

100,000 deadweight tanker which was proceeding at full speed of 13.3
knots and at minute 0 the engine was stopped. Is the decrease in speed
ore likely to be:

A. Series 2
B. None of the other options
C. Series 1
D. Series 3

46. Your ship is on a course of 240° True. A person has fallen overboard
on the port side and after letting go smoke and light floats, in order to
carry out a Williamson Turn would you:
A. go hard to port until you are heading 180° True, then hard to
starboard until you are on 060° True
B. go hard to starboard until you are heading 300° True, then hard to
port until you are on 060° True
C. go hard to starboard to 285° True, then hard to port until you are on
060° True
D. go hard to port until you are heading 195° True, then hard to
starboard until you are on 060° True

506
47. A ship is being turned short round in a tidal stream that is running at
three knots. If turning short round in still water normally takes 12
minutes, what allowance,should be made for the drift of the ship during
the turn?
A. 12 cables
B. no allowance
C. 3 cables
D. 6 cables

48. In a narrow canal, a ship proceeding at half speed ahead swings

towards the port bank of the channel. As the bow approaches the bank,
would it initially:
A. be first pulled towards the bank, then rejected away
B. be pulled towards the bank by bank suction
C. be unaffected
D. be rejected away from the bank by the pressure

49. When operating with conventional screw tugs, what is the function
of the "Gob" or "Gog" rope:
A. to improve the bollard pull of the tug
B. to secure the tug to the ship
C. to prevent "girting"
D. to keep the tug at the correct place on the ship's side when pushing

507
50. In the diagram B represents the start of a turning circle of power
driven ship in deep water with 20 degrees starboard rudder. If the ship
was in shallow water would the turning circle with the same rudder angle
be:

A. B
B. None of the other options
C. C
D. A

51. What is "ship squat"?

A. A slight increase in underkeel clearance
B. A requirement for ships proceeding up river under low bridges
C. The sinkage and change of trim caused when the ship is proceeding
with a small underkeel clearance
D. Deeper draft caused by operating in fresh rather than salt water

52. What is the maximum ship speed over the ground recommended for
anchoring a 250,000 deadweight VLCC or similar sized ship?
A. 1knot
B. 0.5 knot
C. 1.5 knots
D. 0.25 knot

508
53. Most large tankers in order to remain safely moored alongside the
berth uses wire ropes fitted on winches. If required extra mooring lines,
would a mixture of wires & full-length synthetic fibre ropes be
appropriate?
A. Yes, because the extra fibre ropes are easier to handle
B. Yes, because the fibre ropes are more flexible and complement the
wires, adding to the overall effectiveness of the mooring
C. No, because most fibre ropes of the required breaking strain are
large and difficult to handle
D. No, because the wires would take most of the strain and the fibre
ropes practically none

54. A tug is connected by a line at your bow. Will the bollard pull be the
same at any speed? Choose the most complete answer.
A. No, best use of a tug is made when the ship is going sternway.
B. No, when the speed exceeds 5 knots the tug will not be of much
help.
C. No, when the speed is increasing, the bollard is also increasing.
D. Yes, the bollard is the same at any speed.

55. A ship turns around a point called the “pivot point”. What is the
position of this point when the ship is going astern ?
A. At about 1/4 of ship's length from the stem.
B. At the stern.
C. At about 1/4 of ship's length from the stern.
D. At the midships.

56. The rudder is hard over, engine full ahead in shallow water. How
much rudder lift force remains when the engine is stopped ?
A. About 50%
B. About 5%
C. About 10%.
D. About 80%.

509
57. Your ship is equipped with a single right-handed fixed propeller.
While steaming full ahead you reverse the engine to stop the ship. How
will the ship react?
A. You will stop on 1.5 times the ship's length.
B. You will sheer to port and stop rather quickly.
C. You will sheer to starboard and gradually lose headway.
D. You will continue on a straight course.

58. You are performing an overtaking manoeuvre in confined waters.

What should you watch out for?
A. The stern may be pulled towards and the bow may be pushed away
from the other ship as you pass.
B. The change in speed of the other ship.
C. The bow may be pulled towards and the stern may be pushed away
from the other ship as you pass.
D. The change in your underkeel clearance.

59. How is shallow water effect felt by a vessel ?

A. The vessel responds very quickly to the rudder.
B. The vessel has a tendency to turn to port (for a right turning
propeller).
C. The vessel becomes sluggish in responding to the rudder.
D. The vessel has a tendency to turn to starboard (for a left turning
propeller).

60. Overshoot is an expression used when talking about a ship's steering

ability. What does this mean?
A. It is the way a ship turns when the helm is put to the hard over
position.
B. It is the way a ship responds when moving the helm from hard to
port to hard to starboard.
C. It is the way a ship continues to turn when the helm is put
amidship.
D. It is the way a ship continues to turn after counter-rudder is applied
510
61. The rudder is hard over, engine full ahead in deep water. How much
rudder lift force remains when the engine is stopped ?
A. About 80%.
B. About 20%.
C. About 5%.
D. About 50%
62. The rudder is in the hard over position, propeller stopped. The ship
is turning slowly. What can be done to make her turn faster without
increasing forward speed ?
A. Give full astern until the ship has stopped, then full ahead again
with the rudder hard over.
B. Give slow ahead.
C. Give half astern.
D. Give a kick ahead.
63. Your ship is making sternway of about 1.5 knots, with rudder hard
to starboard. Will this rudder position have any effect on the ship's
behaviour? Choose the most complete answer.

A. No, the ship will go straight astern.

B. No, the rudder will have no effect when the ship is making
sternway, it should be in midship position when going astern.
C. Yes, it will give the stern a lift force to port.
D. Yes, it will give the stern a lift force to starboard.

64. The maximum rudder angle on your ship is 35 degrees. Is the rudder
most effective at this angle ? Choose the most complete answer.
A. No, the most effective rudder angle is about 25 to 30 degrees,
because the rudder is “stalling” at 35 degrees angle.
B. No, the rudder is most effective at small rudder angles, because
drag is minimised.
C. No, the rudder angle is most effective at angles between 10 and 20
degrees, because water flow over the rudder is strongest.
D. Yes, the rudder is most effective at maximum angle, because water
flow over the rudder is strongest.
511
65. You have made a turning test at full speed in deep water. You are
now going to make one with initial speed, slow ahead. Do you think
the diameter will differ from that of initial full ahead?
A. Yes, it will be much smaller with stow ahead.
B. The diameter will be the same whatever initial speed we have when
starting the turn.
C. Yes, there will be a large difference in the turning diameter
between full and slow ahead.
D. Yes, it will be much greater with slow ahead.

66. Overshoot is an expression used when talking about a ship's steering

ability. How can overshoot be determined ?
A. Do a 360 degrees turning circle.
B. Do a 20/20 degree zigzag manoeuvre.
C. Do a standing turn.
D. Do a 540 degrees turning circle.

67. You are in a 360 degrees turn with engine full ahead. If you reduce
speed while in the turn, how will the turning diameter change ?
A. The turning diameter will become smaller.
B. The turning diameter will increase.
C. The turning diameter will not change.
D. The change will depend on rudder angle.

68. Does a ship's trim influence her steering abilities ?

A. No, a ship will have the same steering ability unaffected by trim.
B. No, it is usually best to have no trim at all.
C. Yes, a ship usually steers better if trimmed by bow.
D. Yes, a ship usually steers better if trimmed by stern.

512
69. Which of the following is the simplest method of fixing a ship's
position?
A. Visual bearings of terrestrial marks.
B. Horizontal sextant angles.
C. Radar range and bearing.
D. Celestial observation
70. When connecting a tugboat, what speed do you think is the best for
your vessel to maintain during this operation?

A. The speed should be less than 5 knots, normally 3 - 5 knots.

B. A tug may be connected at any convenient speed.
C. The speed should be more than 7 knots.
D. Stop the vessel completely before connecting.

71. What shape of a hull would you say a course unstable ship would
have?
A. A length to beam ratio less than 5.5
B. A long, slim hull.
C. A length to beam ratio greater than 5.5
D. A length to beam ratio less than 7
72. You are going to leave a crowded anchorage by making a 180
degrees turn. You ship has a right handed propeller and you can turn
either way. How can you make the turn using as little space as possible ?
A. Full ahead, rudder hard to port.
B. Full ahead, rudder hard to starboard.
C. Rudder hard to port, full astern. After you gain some sternway,
rudder hard to starboard and full ahead.
D. Rudder hard to starboard, full ahead. Rudder hard to port, full
astern. Repeating this maneuver until you have made he turn.

513
73. When a conventional rudder is put hard over it creates a lift force
and a drag force. When the ship has to turn, how much lift force remains
if the rudder-angle is decreased to 20 degrees from the hard over position
?
A. About 50%.
B. About 30%.
C. About 10%.
D. About 80%.

74. In ship handling terms, what is meant by "sinkage" ?

A. Sinkage is the extra draft a vessel experienced when comparatively
heavily loaded both ends.
B. Sinkage is the deepest draft a vessel obtains aft when moving
through the water.
C. Sinkage is the change of draft experienced when moving through
water.
D. Sinkage is the extra draft a vessel experienced when comparatively
heavily loaded amidship.

75. In which of these vessel types is "sinkage' likely to be most

pronounced ?
A. A vessel with a high block coefficient.
B. A vessel with a very wide beam compared to length.
C. A supply or anchor handling vessel.
D. A cargo liner.

76. How is bank effect felt by a vessel ?

A. The vessel's stern is pushed away from the nearest bank.
B. The whole vessel is drawn in parallel to the nearest bank.
C. The vessel's bow is pushed away from the nearest bank.
D. The whole vessel is pushed away parallel to the nearest bank.

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77. Your ship is equipped with a right handed propeller. As you go full
astern from full ahead, the ship is sheering to the starboard. Is there
anything you can do to reduce the change in heading?
A. I can swing the rudder from side to side.
B. Put the rudder hard to port.
C. Put the rudder hard to starboard.
D. No

78. You are meeting another ship in the confined waters. What can
happen as the ships approach each other ?
A. There will be no effect.
B. Initially the bows of the ships will be pushed away from each other.
C. Initially the bows of the ships will be pulled together.
D. Both vessels will be affected by squat.

79. In ship handling terms, what of these overtaking situations is the

most dangerous ?
A. A large vessel overtaking a small vessel with a big difference in
speed between the two vessels.
B. A small vessel overtaking a large vessel with little difference in
speed between the two vessels.
C. A small vessel overtaking a large vessel with a big difference in
speed between the two vessels.
D. A large vessel overtaking a small vessel with little difference in
speed between the two vessels.

80. You have made a turning circle at full speed in deep water. If you
repeat this in shallow water, what will the turning diameter be ?
A. The turning diameter will be increased in shallow water.
B. The turning diameter will be smaller in shallow water.
C. The turning diameter will be the same.
D. It will be the same provided the underkeel clearance is between 25°
and 50%.

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81. You are on ship A. What would you do before meeting ship B ?
A. Increase the speed to 8 knots.
B. Put the engine to full astern.
C. Increase speed to full ahead.
D. Stop the engine before meeting and apply engine while meeting/
82. In which of these vessel types is "squat" likely to be most
pronounced ?

A. A vessel with a high block coefficient.

B. A cargo liner.
C. A supply or anchor handling vessel.
D. A vessel with a very wide beam compared to length.

83. With tugs in this position, how would you distribute their power to
moue the ship sideways without yaw?
A. Equal power on both tugs.
B. Full power on the forward tug, the stern tug should hold back.
C. Full power on the forward tug, reduce on the aft tug while checking
the gyro.
D. Full power on the aft tug, stop on the forward tug.

84. You are on a loaded VLCC in shallow water. Is it necessary to keep

speed on the ship in order for her to steer well?
A. Yes, VLCC's steer poorly on low speed in shallow water.
B. Yes, it is necessary to keep a high speed on the ship to steer well.
C. No, it is best to reduce to half ahead for the ship to steer ell.
D. No, VLCC's usually steer better in shallow water on a lower speed
than other ships.

85. How should you minimize the squat effect ?

A. Decrease the speed.
B. Do a zig-zag manoeuvre and reduce the speed.
C. Increase the speed.
D. Transfer ballast to change the ship's trim.

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86. In relation to the squat effect, which of the following statements is
incorrect ?
A. Squat results in a decrease in underkeel clearance.
B. Squat can be a serious problem for deep draft ships.
C. Squat results in an increase in ship's draft.
D. Squat results in a decrease in ship's draft.

87. You are transiting a narrow channel. What can happen in this
situation ?
A. The stern could be pushed away from the bank.
B. The bow could be pulled towards the bank.
C. The stern could be pulled towards the river bank.
D. The bow could be pushed away from the bank.

88. Your ship is operating with a right handed propeller and no thrusters.
What can you do to control your ship in this situation ?
A. Increase the speed.
B. Let go starboard anchor 1 - 1.5 shackles .
C. Let go port anchor 1 -1.5 shackles.
D. Give hard starboard rudder.

89. A vessel's position is best plotted by bearings from …………

A. fixed known objects on the shore.
B. the radar of the nearest land.
C. the radio direction finder.
D. buoys close at hand.

90. When using a buoy as an aid to navigation, which of the following

should always be considered?
A. The buoy is nearly always well anchored and can be considered to
be in its charted position.
B. The buoy may not be in its charted position.
C. If the light is showing its correct characteristic it is in its right

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 position.
D. If no radio navigation warning has been issued concerning the
buoy, it can be assumed to be in its correct position.
91. You are sailing in shallow water, with 15 To underkeel clearance.
Coming full astern from full ahead , how will your course change
compared with deep water ?

A. Large change at first then changing slightly.

B. The heading will not change.
C. The heading will change only slightly.
D. The heading will most likely change by a large amount.

92. What would you say about a ship which is course unstable ?
A. She will require large rudder angles to maintain course.
B. When you apply rudder, she will take time before answering.
C. When you apply rudder, she will continue to turn long after the
rudder is returned to amidships.
D. When you put rudder amidships, she will quickly return to a
straight course.
93. You want to stop your ship as quickly as possible without too much
change in the heading. What can you do to achieve this?
A. Make a complete turning circle.
B. Put the engines full astern.
C. Do a zigzag manoeuvre.
D. Use the rudder hard over both sides while reducing engine speed.

94. What shape of hull does a course stable ship usually have?
A. A long, slim hull.
B. A shod, wide hull.
C. A long, wide hull.
D. A shod, slim hull.

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95. A ship turns around a point called the 'pivot point". What is the
position of this point when the ship is stopped in the water ?
A. At the ship's centre of gravity.
B. Outside of the ship's centre line.
C. Near the ship's stern.
D. Near the ship's bow.

96. What will be the stopping distance of your ship when proceeding
with 8 knots and reversing to full astern?
A. 2000m.
B. Check the information posted on the bridge.
C. 800m.
D. 8 ship lengths.

97. You are drifting with a loaded VLCC in open sea. Can you do
anything to change your direction and rate of drift ?
A. No.
B. You can apply rudder.
C. You can change the angle of heel.
D. You can trim the ship by the stem.

98. You are on a VLCC and are approaching shallow water with an
underkeel clearance of 15%. What speed should you have when entering
and when should you slow down ?
A. About 6-7 knots, slow down 30 minutes before entering.
B. About 10 knots, slow down 15 minutes before entering.
C. Reduce to slow or less in due time before entering.
D. Maintain normal sea-speed, no need to slow down.

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99. You are on a power driven vessel when you suddenly run into a fog
bank. What action would you take ?
A. Call the master and wait for him to arrive before taking any action.
B. Reduce speed to slow ahead and call the master.
C. As the radar is clear, proceed as normal for the time being as the
fog may lift up.
D. Commence sounding the fog signals, call a lookout and call the
master.

100. What is most noticeable about a ship with good course keeping
stability ?
A. She will maintain course until large rudder angles are applied.
B. When you apply rudder, she will take time before answering.
C. When you apply rudder, she will continue to turn for sometime
after the rudder is put amidships.
D. When you put rudder amidships, she will quickly return to a
straight course.

101. When will we notice the effect of shallow water?

A. When your underkeel clearance is 50% or less.
B. When your underkeel clearance is 10% or less.
C. When your underkeel clearance is 15% or less.
D. When your underkeel clearance is 75% or less.

102. You are sailing in shallow water, with 15 % underkeel clearance.

How will your stopping distance and turning circle change compared
with deep water ?
A. Stopping distance & turning circle will remain the same.
B. Stopping distance shorter & turning circle smaller.
C. Stopping distance longer & turning circle larger.
D. Stopping distance same & turning circle larger.

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103. In which direction will the bow of a vessel move, with a single fixed
pitch right-handed propeller which is turning astern ?
A. Forwards
B. Backwards.
C. To starboard.
D. To port.

104. You are in the confined waters. Is there any danger in this situation
if you should loose engine power ?
A. You will drift to port but rather slowly.
B. You will sheer to starboard rather quickly with possible
consequence of grounding.
C. You will loose headway, but there should be no immediate danger.
D. You will sheer to port.

105. Your engine is going astern and you pickup sternway. The rudder is
midships and you are operating on a single, right-handed fixed screw.
How will your ship react?
A. You will go straight astern.
B. You will change heading to starboard.
C. Your stern will be pushed to starboard.
D. You will change heading to port.

106. A ship turns around a point called the “pivot point”. What is the
position of this point when the ship is at full sea speed ?
A. At about 1/4 of the ship's length from the stern.
B. Amidships.
C. At the stern.
D. At about 1/4 of the ship's length from the bow.

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107. You are berthed with a steady offshore beam wind of 30 knots. This
wind suddenly increases to 60 knots. When this happens, the force pushing
the vessel off the berth will be ……..
A. Quadrupled.
B. Tripled.
C. Doubled.
D. Quintipled.

108. Which of these is NOT a synthetic fibre ?

A. Propylene.
B. Nylon
C. Polythene
D. Polypropylene

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