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    Business Statistics and RM: Hamendra Dangi 9968316938

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    Adil Ali
    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) X ~ N(90, 5^2) 2) We want P(X > 80) 3) Z = (X - μ) / σ = (80 - 90) / 5 = -2 4) Looking up the standard normal table, P(Z <-2) = 0.0228 Therefore, the probability that X shall be greater than 80 is 1 - 0.0228 = 0.9772 So the probability is 0.9772

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    Business Statistics and RM: Hamendra Dangi 9968316938

    Uploaded by

    Adil Ali
    32 views21 pages
    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) X ~ N(90, 5^2) 2) We want P(X > 80) 3) Z = (X - μ) / σ = (80 - 90) / 5 = -2 4) Looking up the standard normal table, P(Z <-2) = 0.0228 Therefore, the probability that X shall be greater than 80 is 1 - 0.0228 = 0.9772 So the probability is 0.9772

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    BSRm2_2016

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    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) X ~ N(90, 5^2) 2) We want P(X > 80) 3) Z = (X - μ) / σ = (80 - 90) / 5 = -2 4) Looking up the standard normal table, P(Z <-2) = 0.0228 Therefore, the probability that X shall be greater than 80 is 1 - 0.0228 = 0.9772 So the probability is 0.9772

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views21 pages

    Business Statistics and RM: Hamendra Dangi 9968316938

    Uploaded by

    Adil Ali
    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) X ~ N(90, 5^2) 2) We want P(X > 80) 3) Z = (X - μ) / σ = (80 - 90) / 5 = -2 4) Looking up the standard normal table, P(Z <-2) = 0.0228 Therefore, the probability that X shall be greater than 80 is 1 - 0.0228 = 0.9772 So the probability is 0.9772

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Business Statistics and RM

    Lecture 2
    Probability Distribution

    Hamendra Dangi
    [email protected]
    9968316938

    HK DANGI 1
    Session Break up
    • Probability Distribution
    • Discrete and Continuous Distribution
    • Practice Test
    Binomial Distribution
    • Binomial Distribution is a probability distribution expressing the
    probability of one set of dichotomous alternative
    • Assumption:
    1) An experiment is performed under same condition for fixed
    number of trials
    2) For each trial there are only two possible outcome
    3) The probability of success –p remains constant from trial to trial
    4) The trials are statistically independent

    Constants
    Mean =np
    S.D = SQRT(npq)
    Example
    • Assume that half of the population is
    vegetarian so that chance of an individual
    being vegetarian is ½ and assuming 100
    investigator can take sample of 10
    individual to see whether they are
    vegetarian ,how many investigator would
    you expect to report three or less were
    vegetarian ?
    Question for discussion
    • The incident of a disease on the average
    20% workers suffers from it .10 workers
    are selected at random .Find the
    probability i) Exactly two workers suffers
    from it
    ii) Not more than 2 workers suffers from it
    Solution
    • P( 2) = 0.302\
    • P(0) +P(1) +P(2) = 0.678
    Poisson Distribution
    Example
    • Suppose that a manufactured product has 2
    defects per unit of product inspected
    .Using poison distribution calculate the
    probability of finding a product without
    any defects , 3 defects and 4 defects
    • ( e-2= 0.135)
    Question for discussion
    • A manufacturer ,who produces medicine
    bottles ,find that 0.1% of bottles are defective
    .The bottles are packed in a box containing 500
    bottles . A drug manufacturer buys 100 boxes
    from produces of bottles .Using Poisson
    distribution Find how many bottles will contain
    • A) No defective
    • B) At least two defectives Given e-0.5 = 0.6065
    • 1) 60.65
    • 2) 9.025 or 9
    The Normal Probability
    Distribution
    • Graph of the Normal Probability Density
    Function
    f (x )

    x

    The Normal Curve
    • The shape of the normal curve is often illustrated as a bell-
    shaped curve.

    • The highest point on the normal curve is at the mean of the


    distribution.

    • The normal curve is symmetric.

    • The standard deviation determines the width of the curve.


    The Normal Curve
    • The total area under the curve the same as any other
    probability distribution is 1.

    • The probability of the normal random variable assuming a


    specific value the same as any other continuous probability
    distribution is 0.

    • Probabilities for the normal random variable are given by


    areas under the curve.
    The Normal Probability Density
    Function
    1  ( x   )2 / 2 2
    f ( x)  e
    2 

    where
     = mean
     = standard deviation
     = 3.14159
    e = 2.71828
    Given any positive value for z, the table will give us the

    following probability

    The table will give this


    probability

    Given positive z

    The probability that we find using the table is the


    probability of having a standard normal variable
    between 0 and the given positive z.
    Given z find the probability
    z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
    .0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
    .1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
    .2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
    .3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
    .4 .1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879

    .5 .1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
    .6 .2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2518 .2549
    .7 .2580 .2612 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
    .8 .2881 .2910 .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
    .9 .3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389
    Example
    • Assume the mean height of soldier to be
    68.22 inches with a variance of 10.8 inches
    .How many soldier in an regiments of 1000
    would you expect to be over six feet tall
    Question for Discussion
    • An aptitude test for selecting medial
    officers in a hospital was conducted on
    100. The average score is 42 and SD of
    24 marks Find
    a) The number of candidate whose score
    exceeds 60
    b) The number of candidate whose score
    lies between 30 and 66
    • A) 0.2524( No of candidates =25)
    • B) 0.5328 or 53.28
    CLASS TEST
    Practice Question
    • If random variable X follows ND. Find
    probability that X shall be greater than 80,
    when Average and SD of X are 90 and 5
    respectively.

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