Teacher: Dr. Ayesha Riaz Mam Humera Hina Mr. Faisal Ihsan EDU-504 - 3 (3-0)

Teacher:
Dr. Ayesha Riaz

Mam Humera Hina
Mr. Faisal Ihsan
EDU-504---3(3-0)
Course Title:-
School Management and Leadership
Development
Topic:-
Communication Process of Management
1
B. Ed 2nd Semester
Overview of Communication
• A process by which (One), and more than one people exchange
ideas, facts, feelings or impression in ways that each gains a
common understanding.
• The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to
express or to exchange information or to express your ideas,
thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else.
• A message that is given to someone : a letter, telephone call, etc.
Way of sending information to people by using technology

Communication involves transmission of verbal and non-verbal
messages. It consists of a sender, a receiver and channel of
communication. In the process of transmitting messages, the clarity of
the message may be interfered or distorted by what is often referred to
as barriers.
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Types of communication:
1. Downward communication:
It represents information flow from top to bottom.
2. Upward communication: Type of

communication in which the initiative is taken at the bottom
and information ultimately reaches the people at the top.
3. Horizontal communication:
Type of communication in which the information moves
totally in horizontal fashion
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Forms/Methods of communication:

There are two forms of communication
1- Verbal: Vocal and Non-vocal
2- Non-verbal: Kinesics, gesture, facial expression,
proxemics, chronemics, haptics, silence
Levels of Communication
i. Intrapersonal
ii. Interpersonal
iii. Public Communication
iv. Mass Communication (non-interactive)
v. Computer Facilitated Communication (interactive)
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Communication Process
 Communication is the process through which a message is
effectively send to the receiver.
 Communication can be defined as a process regarding exchange of
facts or ideas between persons holding different positions to
achieve mutual goals/objectives.
Major elements of communication process includes

1. Sender
2. Message
3. Encoding
4. Communication channel
5. Receiver
6. Decoding
7. Feedback. 5
1-Sender:
A person who conveys the message with the intention of passing
information and ideas to others is known as sender or communicator.
2-Ideas (message):
 Message is a single uninterrupted statement. Verbal or nonverbal
 Code is a system for creating/carrying messages through a specific
medium which involves encoding and decoding
Is the subject matter of the communication. It may be an opinion,
attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.
3-Encoding:
Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and
intangible, its further passing requires use of certain symbols such as
words, actions or pictures etc. Conversion of subject matter into these
symbols is the process of encoding.
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4- Communication Channel:
Channels (mostly verbal and nonverbal) is the specific
mechanism used to transmit a message
The person who is interested in communicating has to

choose the channel for sending the required information,
ideas etc. This information is transmitted to the receiver
through certain channels which may be either formal or
informal.
5- Receiver:
Receiver is the person who receives the message or for
whom the message is meant for. It is the receiver who tries
to understand the message in the best possible manner in
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achieving the desired objectives.
6- Decoding:
The person who receives the message or symbol
from the communicator tries to convert the same in
such a way so that he may extract its meaning to his
complete understanding.
7- Feedback:
Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver
has received the message and understood in the
same sense as sender meant it.
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Communication Models
Communication process can be well defined
through communication models.
Communication models are conceptual models
used to explain the human
communication process.
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Linear Model
•Communication has traditionally been viewed as a simple linear act
•Generally involving a source sending a message through some means
•The traditional conceptualization of communication assumes;
One-way
Authoritarian
Persuasive
Manipulated communication
The linear model shows communication as a one-way process in which

the speaker speaks and the listener listens. Laswell’s (1948) model was
based on
the five dimensions which effectively pronounce how communication
works:
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Shannon and Weaver’s (1949) model includes noise or
interference that distorts message and understanding
between the source and the receiver.
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Circular Model
Schramm (1955) in Wood (2009) model depicts the receiver providing feedback to the
sender. The sender of the message also listens to the feedback given by the receiver. Both
the speaker and the listener take turns to speak and listen to each other. This model also
indicates that the sender and receiver communicate better if they have common fields of
experience.
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Transactional model
The transactional model shows that the elements in communication are
interdependent. Each person in communication act as both a speaker and a
listener, and can be simultaneously sending and receiving messages.
Transactional means that communication is an ongoing and continuously
changing process. You are changing, the people with whom you are
communicating are changing, and your environment is also continually changing
as well.
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Dr. Ayesha Riaz

Way of sending information to people by using technology

2. Upward communication: Type of

Major elements of communication process includes

The person who is interested in communicating has to

The linear model shows communication as a one-way process in which

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