Map Terminology and Map Symbols

The Teacher ‘s
Details
• Grade : 10
• Teacher : Mr Titi
• [email protected]
Map terminology and map symbols
 A map is a picture of the Earth surface.

 It shows how places are related to each other in distance, direction, and
size.
 These symbols are shown in a legend on the map. Examples of such
symbols are shown below.
Map Key / Map legends
• Symbols help interpret

information.
• Symbols are shown in a legend
on a map.
• Map symbols are small
pictures or symbols drawn on
a map to show the position
of attractions and services in
real life.
1.2 Scale
• Scale refers to how much smaller the
map is in relation with the real world.
• Ratio scale 1:50 000 means 1 cm on Click icon to add picture

map = 50 000 cm = 0,5 km
• Scale is used to calculate the distance

between two points.
• This is important for planning a tour

or itinerary.
1.3 Distance indicators
• They show the distance on the routes between towns.

• Distance to nearest place having self help group.
1.4 Direction
• To determine the position of

one place according to
another..
• There are sixteen compass

points.
• The four main cardinal points

are N, S, E, W.
Terminology relevant to time
zones Click icon to add picture
• Travel agents must consider time

differences when working out times
for tourists going to countries in
different time zone.
5.1 Latitude and longitude
Click icon to add picture
• Lines of Latitude run parallel to equator,
which is the 0 line of latitude.
• The equator divided the Earth into the

northern and southern hemispheres.
• Longitude lines are at 15 intervals.
• The 0 line of longitude is called the

Greenwich Meridian ( runs through
Greenwich, London UK).
• It divided the Earth into two hemispheres:

East and West
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Imaginary lines that run Imaginary lines that runs

across the earth from east from the south pole to the
to west. north pole.
Main latitude: Equator Main longitude:

0°Line of Longitude
NORTH POLE
NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE
WESTERN
EQUATOR HEMISPHERE
EASTERN
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
HEMISPHERE
UTC
SOUTH POLE
1.5.2 Grid references
• Helps people find a specific place on a

map. Columns and rows are numbered
with letters or alphabet to form a grid.
• The most commonly used system is a

numbered square grid
• Columns and rows are numbered with letters

or the alphabet. Find C2.
• It is often used on tourist Maps

Equator
 An imaginary line that cuts the world in half horizontally.
 Any circle that divides a sphere or other body into two equal
Hemispheres
 A half of a sphere bounded by a great circle.
 Equator divides the earth into two hemispheres. Northern and southern
North Pole
 The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North
Pole.
 Is defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth’s axis of
rotation meets its surface.
South Pole
 The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole, is one of the two
points where Earth axis of rotation intersects its surface.
1.5.3 Universal Time Coordinate (UTC)
 It takes the Earth 24 hours to rotate from west to east through 360º.
 360º divided by 24 hours = 15º.
 The time zone of a country is calculated in relation to the UTC (previously
GMT).
 UTC is based on the local standard time of the 0º meridian (Greenwich).
 Midnight is 00:00 UTC and midday is 12:00 UTC.
 360 divided by 24 hours = 15
 Cape Town is 2 hours ahead of London because it is -30 E (2x15 =) Cape Town
 New York is 75 W ( 5x 15 = 75) UTC -5 Which is 5 hours earlier than London
1.5.4 International Date Line (IDL)
 The IDL is 180 longitude

 The time on both sides are the same but the dates differ
 Imaginary line on earth (approximately on the 180° line) determine
 East of IDL is one day ahead of the western side of the IDL.
 If you leave America on Tuesday for Japan, (west) it would be Wednesday
if you cross the IDL.
 If you leave for America on Monday from Japan, (traveling east) you would
arrive in America on Sunday.
INTERNATIONAL DATE
LINE
180°
Longitude
PASIFIC
OCEAN
INTERNATIONAL
DATE LINE
IDL

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The Teacher ‘s

 A map is a picture of the Earth surface.

• Symbols help interpret

• Ratio scale 1:50 000 means 1 cm on Click icon to add picture

• Scale is used to calculate the distance

• This is important for planning a tour

• They show the distance on the routes between towns.

• To determine the position of

• There are sixteen compass

• The four main cardinal points

• Travel agents must consider time

• The equator divided the Earth into the

• Longitude lines are at 15 intervals.

• The 0 line of longitude is called the

• It divided the Earth into two hemispheres:

Imaginary lines that run Imaginary lines that runs

Main latitude: Equator Main longitude:

• Helps people find a specific place on a

• The most commonly used system is a

• Columns and rows are numbered with letters

• It is often used on tourist Maps

 The IDL is 180 longitude

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