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    Aeronautical Charts: ATRN 214

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    Shane Vince
    This document provides an overview of aeronautical charts used for navigation. It discusses that while the globe is the most accurate representation of the Earth, charts are needed for practical navigation. It describes how lines of latitude and longitude define positions on maps. Common chart projections like Lambert Conformal Conic are used to represent the spherical Earth on a flat surface. It outlines different types of charts for visual flight rules (VFR) like Sectional Charts and Terminal Area Charts, as well as charts for instrument flight rules (IFR) navigation. Examples of charts for different regions are also shown.

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    Aeronautical Charts: ATRN 214

    Uploaded by

    Shane Vince
    53 views19 pages
    This document provides an overview of aeronautical charts used for navigation. It discusses that while the globe is the most accurate representation of the Earth, charts are needed for practical navigation. It describes how lines of latitude and longitude define positions on maps. Common chart projections like Lambert Conformal Conic are used to represent the spherical Earth on a flat surface. It outlines different types of charts for visual flight rules (VFR) like Sectional Charts and Terminal Area Charts, as well as charts for instrument flight rules (IFR) navigation. Examples of charts for different regions are also shown.

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    Aeronautical Charts

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    This document provides an overview of aeronautical charts used for navigation. It discusses that while the globe is the most accurate representation of the Earth, charts are needed for practical navigation. It describes how lines of latitude and longitude define positions on maps. Common chart projections like Lambert Conformal Conic are used to represent the spherical Earth on a flat surface. It outlines different types of charts for visual flight rules (VFR) like Sectional Charts and Terminal Area Charts, as well as charts for instrument flight rules (IFR) navigation. Examples of charts for different regions are also shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views19 pages

    Aeronautical Charts: ATRN 214

    Uploaded by

    Shane Vince
    This document provides an overview of aeronautical charts used for navigation. It discusses that while the globe is the most accurate representation of the Earth, charts are needed for practical navigation. It describes how lines of latitude and longitude define positions on maps. Common chart projections like Lambert Conformal Conic are used to represent the spherical Earth on a flat surface. It outlines different types of charts for visual flight rules (VFR) like Sectional Charts and Terminal Area Charts, as well as charts for instrument flight rules (IFR) navigation. Examples of charts for different regions are also shown.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Aeronautical Charts

    ATRN 214
    The Earth
    By far, the simplest and most
    accurate representation of the Earth
    is a globe.

    However, it is not the ideal tool to


    bring around and to be used in
    navigation.

    Photo by Arpit Rastogi on Unsplash


    How much do you remember from your Earth science?

    The shape of the Earth is

    Earth rotates towards

    Is the Earth’s axis tilted?


    For the purpose of practical navigation, we will treat the Earth as
    a sphere!
    Lines on the Earth’s
    surface
    Latitude
    ➢ Imagine drawing lines parallel to
    the equator, extending up to the
    poles. These are the parallels of
    latitude
    Longitude
    ➢ Lines drawn from north to south
    pole and are right angles to the
    equator. These are the
    meridians of longitude
    How do we label these lines?
    Equator and Prime
    Meridian
    We need a reference point from
    where we will designate the labels to
    longitude and latitude. We need a
    “zero” point. That is the prime
    meridian and equator.

    All labels will start from these two. It


    will either be west or east of prime
    meridian, and north or south of
    equator.
    Prime Meridian
    Prime meridian is centered at
    Greenwich, London.
    Specifying position

    • We can represent our position around the


    surface of the Earth using coordinates.
    • Where the longitude and latitude intersects
    our position, that is our coordinate!

    How we read coordinates in a cartesian plane


    is the same with maps
    Since we are in the USA, I know that
    It is west of Prime Meridian and
    north of Equator, So this point is
    31°10’00’’N 81°10’00’’W

    These are the latitudes


    and longitudes in 1°
    increments
    The Nautical Mile

    • It is the unit of distance used in air


    navigation.
    • Defined as one minute (1/60 of a degree)
    along any longitude
    Note: 1° = 60’ = 3600’’
    We represent minutes as ‘
    and seconds as ‘’

    Why do we not measure nautical mile using


    latitude as references?
    The Great and Small Circle
    • Great circle
    o If you draw a circle that passes through the
    center of the Earth, it is called a great circle
    o It is the shortest distance between any two
    points in the globe.
    o Only one great circle can be drawn for any
    two unique points.
    • Small circle
    o Any circle that is not a great circle.
    Map projection

    • Since Earth is a sphere, we have


    no way of drawing it in a 2-
    dimensional plane without
    distortion, or tradeoffs.
    • Map projection is a way of
    representing the Earth into 2D
    map.
    The Mercator projection. Is one of the most common map
    projections. It represents constant bearing as a straight
    segment, but it greatly distorts the size of landmass around
    the poles. Notice how Greenland is the same size as Africa in
    the map. In reality, Greenland is only 1/14 the size of Africa.
    Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

    • A map projection used for aeronautical


    charts.
    • A straight line over this map represents a
    great circle distance.
    A map based on Lambert conformal conic projection.
    VFR Aeronautical Charts

    1. World Aeronautical Chart (WACs)


    • cover land areas at a standard size and scale (1:1,000,000) for navigation by moderate speed aircraft
    and aircraft operating at high altitudes.
    2. Sectional Chart
    • are the primary navigational reference medium used by the VFR pilot community. The 1:500,000 scale
    Sectional Aeronautical Chart Series is designed for visual navigation of slow to medium speed
    aircraft.
    3. VFR Terminal Area Chart
    • provide a large-scale (1:250,000 ) portrayal of selected metropolitan complexes to satisfy pilotage
    and local control requirements.
    Sectional chart
    IFR Enroute Charts
    IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts provide aeronautical information for navigation under
    instrument flight rules.
    Philippines VFR vs IFR chart

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