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    Mathematical Logic: Algebra and Geometry

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    Peter
    The document discusses logic and truth tables. It introduces common logical connectives like conjunction ("and"), disjunction ("or"), implication, negation, biconditional, and provides their truth tables. It also gives examples of using these connectives and truth tables to prove different logical statements equivalent or not equivalent.

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    Mathematical Logic: Algebra and Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Peter
    94 views14 pages
    The document discusses logic and truth tables. It introduces common logical connectives like conjunction ("and"), disjunction ("or"), implication, negation, biconditional, and provides their truth tables. It also gives examples of using these connectives and truth tables to prove different logical statements equivalent or not equivalent.

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    Logic_truth_tables

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    The document discusses logic and truth tables. It introduces common logical connectives like conjunction ("and"), disjunction ("or"), implication, negation, biconditional, and provides their truth tables. It also gives examples of using these connectives and truth tables to prove different logical statements equivalent or not equivalent.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    94 views14 pages

    Mathematical Logic: Algebra and Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Peter
    The document discusses logic and truth tables. It introduces common logical connectives like conjunction ("and"), disjunction ("or"), implication, negation, biconditional, and provides their truth tables. It also gives examples of using these connectives and truth tables to prove different logical statements equivalent or not equivalent.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Algebra and Geometry

    Mathematical Logic
    Prof.Nashat Faried
    http://e-learning.bue.edu.eg
    Lecture 1: Logic. Truth Tables.
    The truth table of the conjunction “ or “

    AB={x : xA  xB} Notations:


    There exists 
    xAB is equivalent to xA  xB For all 
    or 
    xA xB x  AB

    T T T
    and 
    implication 
    T F T Negation 
    F T T

    F F F
    The truth table of the conjunction “ or “

    The truth table of the conjunction “ or “

    p q p q

    T T T

    T F T

    F T T

    F F F
    The truth tables of the conjunction “ and  “

    We know that for subsets A and B:

    AB={x : xA  xB}


    Therefore xA  B is equivalent to xA  xB
    p q p q

    T T T

    T F F

    F T F

    F F F
    The truth table for the implication 

    AB is equivalent to xA  xB

    xA xB AB


    x T T T
    B
    x T F F
    A F T T
    F F T

    A  B if and only if there is an element xA while xB


    Examples
    If I want to say that Paris is not contained in Africa it is
    enough to show a place or a person in Paris but not in
    Africa

    Paris  Africa is equivalent to  xParis and xAfrica

    A  B if and only if there is an element xA while xB


    Examples
    If I want to say that Egypt is not contained in Asia, the only
    thing to do is to show a place in Egypt but not in Asia

    x  Egypt x  Asia Egypt Asia


    • x  Sainai T T T
    • x  Cairo T F F
    • x  Geddah F T T
    • x  Paris F F T
    The truth table for the implication

    Truth table for the implication 


    p q pq

    T T T

    T F F

    F T T

    F F T P P
    T F
    F T

    The truth table for the negation 


    Examples

    The truth table for the conjunction p q

    p q p q qp (p q) (q  p)


    T T T T T
    T F F T F
    F T T F F
    F F T T T

    p q pq
    T T T
    T F F
    F T F
    F F T
    Example

    Prove that : p  q  (q ) (p)

    p q pq q p ( q)  )  p)

    T T T F F T
    T F F T F F
    F T T F T T
    F F T T T T
    Example

    Prove that :
    p  q  (p )q

    p q pq p (p) q

    T T T F T

    T F F F F

    F T T T T

    F F T T T
    Example

    Prove that : p  q  (q ) (p)  (p )q

    p q pq ¬q ¬p (¬ q)  (¬ p)

    T T T F F T
    T F F T F F
    F T T F T T
    F F T T T T
    Example
    Find the truth table for p (p  q(:
    p q pq (p  q) p( p q)

    T T T F F

    T F T F F

    F T T F T

    F F F T T
    Example
    Construct a truth table for (p q)[( (p)r)  (q r) ]

    p q r p (p)r q  r (p)r  q r p q
    *
    T T T F F T T T T
    T T F F F F T T T
    T F T F F F T T T
    T F F F F F T T T
    F T T T T T T T T
    F T F T F F T T T
    F F T T T F F F T
    F F F T F F T F F

    * = (p q)[( (p)r)  (q r) ]

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