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    Understanding and Evaluating Arguments

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    Peter

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    Understanding and Evaluating Arguments

    Uploaded by

    Peter
    10 views8 pages

    Original Title

    argument ABSK

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    Copyright:

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    10 views8 pages

    Understanding and Evaluating Arguments

    Uploaded by

    Peter

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Understanding and

    Evaluating
    Arguments
    What is the main purpose of
    an argument?
    • “To persuade or influence (another), as
    by presenting reasons”

    (Dictionary. com , retrieved Nov., 16, 2006)


    How do we argue?
    There are two techniques generally used to
    achieve the argument’s purpose:
    •To state opinion and support it (expository)
    •To state opinion, opposing point of view and
    the writer’s response to it (refutation)
    What is at heart of any
    argument?

    The argument’s core lies in the writer’s


    opinion, belief or claim (main idea or thesis
    statement)
    Supporting an Argument

    To be taken seriously, writers realize that


    their opinions only are not enough.
    To be persuasive, writers have to provide
    readers with support, which should be
    recognized and evaluated by critical
    readers.
    Four Common Types of Support
    A. Reasons
    B. Examples and Illustrations
    C. Expert Opinions
    D. Research Results
    Flawed Arguments:
    are ones that appear to the reader to be sound
    arguments where in fact they are weak because they are
    based on invalid support which are:
    A. Irrelevant reasons
    B. Circular reasoning
    C. Hasty Generalization
    D. Unidentified Experts
    E. Inappropriate Experts
    F. Unidentified Research
    G. Dated Research
    Types
    of
    Support

    Expert Research
    Reasons Examples
    Opinion Results
    Possible Possible
    Possible Possible
    Errors Errors
    Errors Errors

    Hasty Unident- Inapprop- Unidenti-


    Irrelevant Circular Dated
    Gener- -ified -riate -fied
    Reasons Reasoning Research
    -alizations Experts Experts Resaerch

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