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    Atoms Molecules and Ions3

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    1. The document discusses the development of the modern atomic theory from ancient philosophers' ideas to scientific experiments. Key contributors included Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford, and Bohr. 2. It also outlines basic laws of matter including conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. These laws formed the basis for Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as the fundamental units of matter.

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    Atoms Molecules and Ions3

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    1. The document discusses the development of the modern atomic theory from ancient philosophers' ideas to scientific experiments. Key contributors included Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford, and Bohr. 2. It also outlines basic laws of matter including conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. These laws formed the basis for Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as the fundamental units of matter.

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    1. The document discusses the development of the modern atomic theory from ancient philosophers' ideas to scientific experiments. Key contributors included Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford, and Bohr. 2. It also outlines basic laws of matter including conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. These laws formed the basis for Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as the fundamental units of matter.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    11 views18 pages

    Atoms Molecules and Ions3

    Uploaded by

    BabyNicoleArellano
    1. The document discusses the development of the modern atomic theory from ancient philosophers' ideas to scientific experiments. Key contributors included Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford, and Bohr. 2. It also outlines basic laws of matter including conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. These laws formed the basis for Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as the fundamental units of matter.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 18

    Chapter 3

    Atoms, Molecules and


    Ions
    Lesson 1 Development of the Modern
    Atomic Theory

    Reflection:
    Since the ancient times, philosophers and
    scientists had been asking, “What are things
    made of?”
    Development of the Modern Atomic
    Theory

    • Empedocles (490-435 B.C.) proposed the


    concept of fire, air, water and earth to
    explain the composition of matter.
    • Aristotle (384-323 B.C.)proposed the
    existence of a fifth element which he
    called quintessence.
    • Democritus (460-370 B.C.) came up with
    a theory stating that everything is
    composed of small indivisible particles
    which he called atomos.
    Development of the Modern Atomic
    Theory

    • John Dalton proposed that atoms have


    fixed weights and definite properties.
    • Sir William Crookes developed an
    electrically discharged tube with vacuum.
    His experiment about cathode rays helped
    English physicist J.J. Thomson discover
    the electron in 1897.
    • Robert Millikan determined the charge of
    an electron in 1909.
    Development of the Modern Atomic
    Theory

    • Ernest Rutherford’s gold-foil experiment


    helped him elucidate the existence of the
    nucleus.
    • Niels Bohr suggested that the total
    energy of an electron is quantized.
    Cathode Ray Tube
    Plum pudding
    Rutherford’s Gold foil experiment
    Rutherford’s Nuclear Model
    Basic Laws of Matter

    • The modern atomic theory states that


    matter is composed of small particles
    called atoms, which possess quantum
    properties.
    • The basic laws of matter are fundamental
    laws in the study of chemistry.
    Basic Laws of Matter

    • Law of Conservation of Mass


    proposed by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier known
    as the father of modern chemistry.
    The law of conservation of mass states that
    the mass of the products in a chemical reaction
    will always be equal to the mass of the
    reactants. Matter can neither be destroyed
    nor created; no mass is lost in a chemical
    reaction.
    Example of Law of Conservation of Mass

    2 H 2( g )  O2( g )  2 H 2O(l )
    4(1.01) g  2(16.00) g  4(1.01) g  2(16.00) g
    4.04 g  32.00 g  4.04 g  32.00 g
    36.04 g  36.04 g

    CH 4  2O2  CO2  2H 2O

    16g 64g 44g ?g


    Basic Laws of Matter

    • Law of Definite Proportion


    discovered by French chemist, Joseph
    Proust.
    when elements combine to form a given
    compound, they do so in fixed and invariable ratio
    by weight.
    Example of Law of Definite Proportion

    CO2 In 1mole of CO2 : 12.01 g C and 32.00 g O


    In 2 moles of CO2: 24.02 g C and 64.00 g O
    Atomic mass: In 3 moles of CO2: 36.03 g C and 96.00 g O
    C  12.01
    Therefore the ratio of C to O it will always give a
    O  16.00 definite proportion.
    32.00 g
    in1moleofCO2 :  2.66
    12.01g
    64.00 g
    in 2molesofCO2 :  2.66
    24.02 g
    96.00 g
    in3molesofCO2 :  2.66
    36.03 g
    Basic Laws of Matter

    • Law of Multiple Proportions


    formulated by John Dalton
    This law states that the masses of one
    element which combine with a fixed mass of
    the second element are in a ratio of whole
    numbers.
    Example of Law of Multiple Proportion

    CO CO2
    12.01gC  16.00 gO 12.01gC  32.00 gO
    12.01gC 16.00 gO 12.01gC 32.00 gO
     
    12.01gC 12.01gC 12.01gC 12.01gC
    1gC  1.33 gO 1gC  2.66 gO
    2.66
    2
    1.33
    Dalton’s Atomic Theory

    • The basic laws of matter served as the


    basis for Dalton to formulate Dalton’s
    Atomic theory.
    Dalton’s Atomic Theory

    1. Elements are composed of minute, discrete and indivisible


    particles called atoms which maintain their identity in all
    physical and chemical changes.
    2. Atoms of the same element are identical in physical and
    chemical properties, and have the same mass. Atoms of
    different elements differ in physical and chemical properties
    and have different masses.
    3. The chemical combination of two or more elements consists
    of the union of atoms of these elements in simple numerical
    ratios to form the smallest possible unit particles of a
    compound.
    4. Atoms of the same element can unite in more than one ratio
    to form more than one compound.

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