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    Lifts

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    Irene
    This document provides information about different types of lifts, including their basic components and functions. It discusses traction lifts, which use steel ropes and a counterweight system to raise and lower the elevator car, and hydraulic lifts, which use a piston and hydraulic fluid system. The key differences between the two types are outlined, such as traction lifts being used for mid- and high-rise buildings while hydraulic lifts are generally for low-rise. Various lift terminologies are also defined, and the document describes passenger, goods, and dumbwaiter lift types as well as their typical uses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lifts

    Uploaded by

    Irene
    187 views30 pages
    This document provides information about different types of lifts, including their basic components and functions. It discusses traction lifts, which use steel ropes and a counterweight system to raise and lower the elevator car, and hydraulic lifts, which use a piston and hydraulic fluid system. The key differences between the two types are outlined, such as traction lifts being used for mid- and high-rise buildings while hydraulic lifts are generally for low-rise. Various lift terminologies are also defined, and the document describes passenger, goods, and dumbwaiter lift types as well as their typical uses.

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    This document provides information about different types of lifts, including their basic components and functions. It discusses traction lifts, which use steel ropes and a counterweight system to raise and lower the elevator car, and hydraulic lifts, which use a piston and hydraulic fluid system. The key differences between the two types are outlined, such as traction lifts being used for mid- and high-rise buildings while hydraulic lifts are generally for low-rise. Various lift terminologies are also defined, and the document describes passenger, goods, and dumbwaiter lift types as well as their typical uses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    187 views30 pages

    Lifts

    Uploaded by

    Irene
    This document provides information about different types of lifts, including their basic components and functions. It discusses traction lifts, which use steel ropes and a counterweight system to raise and lower the elevator car, and hydraulic lifts, which use a piston and hydraulic fluid system. The key differences between the two types are outlined, such as traction lifts being used for mid- and high-rise buildings while hydraulic lifts are generally for low-rise. Various lift terminologies are also defined, and the document describes passenger, goods, and dumbwaiter lift types as well as their typical uses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    LIFTS

    (Transportation system
    in buildings)
    Content
    1.Introduction to lifts
    2.Basic terminologies
    3.Types of lifts
    4.Types of openings
    5.Escalators
    6.Travellators
    7.Difference between lifts
    What is a Lift ?
    The lift is a type of vertical
    transport equipment that
    efficiently moves people or
    goods between floors (levels,
    decks) of a building, vessel or
    other structure.

    generally powered by electric


    motors that either drive
    cables, hoist, or pump
    hydraulic fluid to raise a
    cylindrical piston like a jack.
    Basic terminologies..
    • Elevator car : That part of an elevator that includes
    the platform, enclosure, car frame, and door.

    • Machine beam : A steel beam, positioned directly over the


    elevator in the machine room and is used to support
    elevator equipment.

    • Machine room : This usually located at the top of the shaft


    and accommodates the winding machine, etc.

    • Pit : That part of an elevator shaft that extends from the


    threshold level of the lowest landing door down to the
    floor at the very bottom of the shaft.

    • Shaft : A hoistway through which one or more elevator


    cars may travel.

    •Counterweight or balance-weight. A unit, consisting of steel


    weights, which counter balance the weight of the car and a
    portion of the load, and to which the suspension ropes are
    attached.
    • Traction drive : Lift whose lifting ropes are
    driven by friction in the grooves of the
    driving sheave of the machine.

    • Trailing cable : Flexible cable providing


    electrical connection between the lift car
    and a fixed point or points.

    •Bottom clearance : The distance, including


    buffer compression, the platforms could
    travel below the bottom landing until the full
    weight of the car, when loaded, rests on the
    buffer.

    •Top clearance :The vertical distance between


    the top car attachment and the bottom of the
    diverting pulley or any steelwork supporting
    equipment; there must be an adequate
    margin between this and the car will not
    contact the diverting pulley or steelwork.
    •Guide rails : These,
    fixed truly vertical in
    the shaft, are of steel
    and serve to guide
    the movement of
    both car and
    counterweight.
    • Passenger Lift : A lift designed for the transport of passengers.

    • Goods Lift : A lift designed primarily for the transport of goods but which may
    carry a lift attendant or other person necessary for the unloading and loading
    of goods.

    • Service Lift (Dumb-Waiter) : A lift with a car which moves in guides in a vertical
    direction; has net floor area of 1 m2, total inside height of 1.25 m; and capacity
    not exceeding 250 kg; and is exclusively used for carrying materials and shall
    not carry any person.

    • Hospital Lift : A lift normally installed in a hospital/dispensary/clinic and


    designed to accommodate one number bed/stretcher along its depth, with
    sufficient space around to carry a minimum of three attendants in addition to
    the lift operator.
    1. Suitable speed……too fast will result in a nervous breakdown to the user. If
    too slow will cause lack of function.

    •Electrical panels and power outlets.


    •Ventilation fan and lighting in engine room.
    Basic Requirements
    •Power sockets in the lift pit.
    •Maintenance works.

    Physical Requirements

    Size of lift shaft – depends on lift cargo capacity


    Depth of lift shaft – depends on the speed of elevator
    Area of space in lift – depends on speed of elevators.
    Mechanical room size – depends on type and size of the lift equipment.
    Types of Lifts

    Drive system
    Traction
    Hydraulic
    (Machine lift)
    1. Hydraulic lifts

    • ‘ Pascal's Principle state that the


    pressure given to liquid in closed chamber will
    be continued by the liquid to every direction
    with uniform and the same magnitude. ‘
    This lift consists mainly of 4
    Components components, namely,

    •Holds the liquid used in the system


    •This liquid is usually oil based because:
    Tank oNon compressible
    oSelf lubricating

    •Constantly puts water into the system


    Motor •Push oil into the cylinder to lift the elevator

    •Lets water out of the system.


    Valve •Keeps the pressure low when open.
    •Increases pressure when closed.

    •device that transfers fluid or electrical


    Actuator energy into mechanical energy.
    •A piston because it moves up and down.
    Press the up
    and down
    arrows to
    work the
    animation.

    (will only
    work in the
    slide show
    itself.)
    Advantages Disadvantages
    •Lower cost of equipments & its •Performance of hydraulic elevator
    maintenance than traction lifts (twice). becomes erratic as the oil in the system
    varies in temperature.
    •More efficient building space utilization •Since it has no safety device to prevent
    than tractions. its falling it depends wholly on the
    Eg., hydraulic lifts would require pressure .
    9.6 sq m less floor space than tractions.

    Moreover overhead machine room isn’t


    required.
    •Most effective for high load capacity •Inherently high heat producing device.
    requirements , that is why it is highly
    used for freight, automobile elevators.
    •Since it imposes no vertical loads on
    the building structure, column sizes can
    be reduced significantly in the hoistway
    area.
    2. Traction Lifts (Machine lifts)
    •Principle : see – saw
    the car is raised and lowered by
    traction steel ropes rather than pushed from below.

    •The ropes are attached to the elevator car, looped


    around a sheave &connected to an electric motor.

    •when the motor turns one way, the sheave raises


    the elevator; when the motor turns the other way,
    the sheave lowers the elevator.

    •Typically, the sheave, the motor and the control


    system are all housed in a machine room above the
    elevator shaft.

    •The ropes that lift the car are also connected to


    a counterweight, which hangs on the other side of
    the sheave.
    •the counterweight and the car are perfectly balanced.

    •Basically, the motor only has to overcome friction -- the weight on the other
    side does most of the work.

    •In gearless elevators, the motor rotates the sheaves directly.


    In geared elevators, the motor turns a gear train that rotates the sheave.

    •Nowadays, some traction elevators are using flat steel belts instead of
    conventional steel ropes. Flat steel belts are extremely light due to its carbon
    fiber core and a high-friction coating, and does not require any oil or lubricant.
    Components It consists mainly of 5 components,

    Control •Sheave rotates with the help of motor.


    system
    •a pulley with a grooves around the
    circumference.
    Electric •grips the hoist ropes, so when you rotate the
    Motor sheave, the ropes move too.
    •Connected to the motor

    Sheave hangs on the other side of the sheave.


    it weighs about the same as the car filled to
    40-percent capacity.
    Connected with the ropes
    Counter
    weight •Are along the sides of the elevator shaft.
    •keep the car and counterweight from swaying
    back and forth.
    Guiding •also work with the safety system to stop the
    rail car in an emergency.
    Requirements for machine room :

    •adequately ventilated.
    •shall be such that the equipments are
    protected as far as possible from dust
    and humidity.
    •Temperature 5 deg C – 40 deg C
    •walls, ceiling, floor should be finished in
    tiles or painted as a min to stop dust
    circulation.

    •The entrance door shall have sufficient


    opening to allow for in & out of machines.
    •shall not be any common wall/slab between
    machine room and water tank.
    •shall not be used as a store room or for any
    purpose other than housing the machinery
    connected with the lift installation.
    •shall not act as a passage to any other room
    or utility.
    Difference between Traction & Hydraulic lifts
    (overview)

    Traction (Machine) Hydraulic


    •lifted by ropes, which pass over a •supported by a piston at the bottom of
    wheel attached to an electric motor the elevator that pushes the elevator up
    above the elevator shaft. as an electric motor forces oil or
    another hydraulic fluid into the piston.
    •used for mid and high-rise applications. •used for low-rise applications of 2-8
    •Much higher travel speed than stories.
    hydraulic.
    •Principle : see - saw •Principle : Pascal’s pressure principle

    •Components : control system, sheave, •Components : tank, motor, valve,


    motor, counterweight, guiding rail. actuator.
    •The machine room is located at the •The machine room is located at the
    upper most level, i.e., on the terrace. lowest level adjacent to the elevator
    shaft.
    Types of Lifts Usage

    Passenger Goods Vehicle Dumbwaiter Scissor


    1. Passenger lifts
    •Passenger elevator is designed to move people between floors of a building.
    Their capacity is related to available floor space. Upto 8-10 floors these operate
    at 1m/s and above 10 floors the speed starts at 2.5 m/s to 10 m/s.

    •There are some types of passenger


    elevators:-

    Sky lobbies- an
    intermediate interchange floor
    where people can change from an
    express elevator that stops only at
    the sky lobby to a local elevator
    which stops at every floor within a
    segment of the building.

    Express elevators- An
    express elevator does not serve all
    floors. it moves between the ground
    floor and a sky lobby.
    Passenger lift

    Hospital Residential Hotel Office Institution


    Hospital lifts

    Min. to Max. dimensions


    (mainly for Hotels)

    Min. to Max
    dimensions for
    Passenger lifts
    2. Goods/Freight lifts
    •Used to transport heavy goods but depends on types of good
    transported.
    • Usually used in shopping complex, airports, hotels, warehouse.
    Max. to Min. Goods lift
    dimension
    3. Vehicle lifts
    •Used specifically to lift a car in multi storey car park or showroom.
    •had to be in the form of traction and hydraulics.
    •Form of traction is more commonly used for high velocity.
    4. Dumbwaiter lifts
    •Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food rather
    than passengers.
    •They often link kitchens with other rooms. •Avg height of the car
    •When installed in restaurants, schools, ranges from 0.8m to 1.2m.
    kindergartens, hospitals, retirement
    homes or in private homes, the lifts
    generally terminate in a kitchen.
    5. Scissor lifts

    •these lifts are self-contained, these


    lifts can be easily moved to where
    they are needed.
    •they’re excellent for indoor and
    outdoor construction, maintenance
    and installation applications.

    Features:
    High load bearing capacity
    Long life
    Smooth operations
    Openings

    Centre
    opening
    sliding

    Collapsible

    Single
    sliding

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