Brushless DC Motor
Brushless DC Motor
Brushless DC Motor
Basic Structures
It is an inside out dc motor
Armature on stator instead of rotor commutator do not
need rotating parts, electronic commutator used
Rotor is a permanent magnet no power supply needed
Structure of a
typical three-phase
BLDC
Basic Structures
contd.
Variation in Construction
Several different physical configurations
Conventional (also known as 'inrunner') configuration
Permanent magnets mounted on spinning armature (rotor)
Three stator windings surround rotor
Outrunner configuration
Radial-relationship between coils and magnets reversed; stator coils
form center (core) of motor
Permanent magnets spin on an overhanging rotor which surrounds core
Flat type
Stator and rotor plates, mounted face to face used where there are
space or shape limitations
Outrunners typically have more poles, set up in triplets to
maintain three groups of windings, and have a higher torque at
low RPMs
Variation in Construction
contd.
Two electrical configurations having to do with how windings
are connected to each other (not their physical shape or
location)
Delta configuration
Wye configuration
Delta configuration gives low torque at low rpm, but can give
higher top rpm
Wye configuration gives high torque at low rpm, but not as
high top rpm
Wye winding normally more efficient
At any given time, two-thirds of windings in a delta configuration are
running at half the voltage of the other, which has an impact on
efficiency
Wye winding always powers only two windings in series, so higher
voltages (or lower-resistance windings) can be used
Variation in Construction
contd.
Main Disadvantage
Higher cost BLDC motors require complex
electronic speed controllers to run
Many practical uses have not been well
developed in commercial sector
Under high mechanical loads, BLDC motors and
high-quality brushed motors are comparable in
efficiency
Drive Circuits
Unipolar drive
Drive Circuits
contd.
Drive Circuits
contd.
Drive Circuits
contd.
Drive Circuits
Bipolar drive
Efficiency highest
when a 3-phase
BLDC motor is
driven by a 3-phase
bridge, since
current flows
through each
winding
This drive is called
'bipolar drive'
(since a winding is
alternately
energized in south
and north poles)
contd.
Drive Circuits
contd.
Motor from a 3.5" floppy disk drive. The coils, arranged radially, are made from
copper wire coated with blue insulation. The rotor (upper right) has been
removed and turned upside-down. The grey ring inside its cup is a permanent
magnet.