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    Collision Theory

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    Rasidah Abd Samat
    - Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and in the correct orientation for a reaction to take place. - Factors that increase the frequency of effective collisions, such as increasing the concentration of reactants, surface area of reactants, temperature or use of a catalyst, will increase the rate of reaction according to collision theory. - A catalyst allows the reaction to proceed through an alternative pathway requiring lower activation energy, increasing the number of collisions with sufficient energy and thus increasing the rate.

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    Collision Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rasidah Abd Samat
    362 views14 pages
    - Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and in the correct orientation for a reaction to take place. - Factors that increase the frequency of effective collisions, such as increasing the concentration of reactants, surface area of reactants, temperature or use of a catalyst, will increase the rate of reaction according to collision theory. - A catalyst allows the reaction to proceed through an alternative pathway requiring lower activation energy, increasing the number of collisions with sufficient energy and thus increasing the rate.

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    - Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and in the correct orientation for a reaction to take place. - Factors that increase the frequency of effective collisions, such as increasing the concentration of reactants, surface area of reactants, temperature or use of a catalyst, will increase the rate of reaction according to collision theory. - A catalyst allows the reaction to proceed through an alternative pathway requiring lower activation energy, increasing the number of collisions with sufficient energy and thus increasing the rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    362 views14 pages

    Collision Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rasidah Abd Samat
    - Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and in the correct orientation for a reaction to take place. - Factors that increase the frequency of effective collisions, such as increasing the concentration of reactants, surface area of reactants, temperature or use of a catalyst, will increase the rate of reaction according to collision theory. - A catalyst allows the reaction to proceed through an alternative pathway requiring lower activation energy, increasing the number of collisions with sufficient energy and thus increasing the rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Collision theory

    During a reaction, the particles of the reactant collide which each other Not all collision will result in a reaction. Only those collision with a minimum energy called activation energy and with the correct orientation will result in a reaction. These type of collision is called effective collision. If the particles collide with energy less than activation energy or with the incorrect orientation , there will be no reaction. These collision is called ineffective collision

    Collision theory states that the particles must collide AND must collide with enough energy for chemical reaction occurs The number of effective collisions occuring in one second is called the frequency of effective collision Frequency of effective collision high, the rate of reaction is high

    Collision theory and factors affecting the rate of reaction

    Effect of surface area


    When the size of a fixed mass of a solid reactant is smaller , the total surface area exposed to collision with the particles of the other reactant is bigger . The frequency of collision among reactant increases, thus the frequency of effective collision increases and the rate of reaction increases

    When the size of a fixed mass of zinc powder is small, the total surface area exposed to collision with hydrogen ions is bigger . The frequency of collision between hydrogen ions and zinc atom increases, thus the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions and zinc atom increases and the rate of reaction increase

    Eg : in the reaction of hydrochloric acid with powdered marble chips( calcium carbonate), a) The total surface area of marble chips exposed to collision with the hydrogen ions of the acid is bigger. b) The frequency of collision between carbonate ion and hydrogen ion increases, thus the frequency of effective collision increases and the rate of reaction increases

    Effect of concentration
    An increase in the concentration of the solution of the reactant will increase the rate of reaction. When the concentration of the solution of the reactant increase, the number of particles per unit volume will increase. With more particles per unit volume of the solution, the number of collision per unit time between the reacting particles increases. Thus the frequency of effective collision increases and the rate of reaction increases

    Eg : In the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid When the concentration of the solution of the thiosulphate ions increase, the number of thiosulphate ions per unit volume will increase. With more ions per unit volume of the solution, the number of effective collision per unit time between the thiosulphate ions and hydrogen ions increases. Thus, the frequency of effective collision also increase, the rate of reaction increases

    Effect of Temperature
    An increase in temperature will increase the kinetic energy of the reacting particles This lead to i) the particles moves faster and collide more often with one another, thus the frequency of collision is higher ii) more colliding particles have higher energy which are enough to overcome the activation energy

    E.g: In the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid An increase in temperature will increase the kinetic energy of thiosulphate ions and hydrogen ions This lead to i) the ions moves faster and collide more often with one another, thus the frequency of collision is higher

    ii) more colliding ions have higher energy which are enough to overcome the activation energy Thus the frequency of effective collision increases and the rate of reaction

    Effect of Catalyst
    The presence of catalyst in a chemical reaction allow the reaction to take place through an alternative path which requires a lower activation energy Thus, more colliding particles are able to achieve the lower activation energy The frequency of effective collision increases , hence a higher rate of reaction

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