phybqa25

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  êvWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi 1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
c`v^Æweævb
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ

2 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ÛÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  c`v^Æweævb
cÉ^g AaÅvq
ˆfŒZ ivwk ‰es cwigvc
cÉk²  48 gqgbwmsn êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 1 49 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
‰KRb Qvò Zvi RÅvwgwZ eÝwU ‰KwU ˆÕ•Gji mvnvGhÅ ˆgGc K gƒj ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg ‰K fvGMi ˆPGq fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg

wkÞKGK ejj ‰i Š`NÆÅ 20.63 ˆm.wg.| wkÞK ejGjb ‰B cwigvc ‰K fvM hZUzKz Þz`ËZi ˆmB cwigvYGK Š`NÆÅ cwigvcK hG¯ï
mwVK bvI nGZ cvGi| mwVK cwigvGci RbÅ wkÞK ZvGK 0.002
fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK eGj| A
ˆm.wg. fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK wewkÓ¡ fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•j eÅenvi KiGZ eGjb|
L ÕÏvBW KvwjcvmÆ nGjv mƒß cwigvc wbYÆGqi ‰KwU ˆÕ•j| ‰GZ
K. Õ˜zMGRi bƒÅbvâ KvGK eGj? 1
mvaviY ˆÕ•j ‰es fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•j ^vGK| mvaviY wgUvi ˆÕ•Gj
L. mwVK cwigvGci cÉGqvRbxqZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•Gji KZ fvM cÉavb ˆÕ•Gji KZ wgwjwgUvi chÆ¯¦ Š`NÆÅ gvcv hvq| wK¯§ wgwjwgUvGii f™²vsk ˆhgb
0.1 mm ev 0.20 mm Š`NÆÅ cwigvc Kiv hvq bv| Aciw`GK,
fvGMi mgvb wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. QvòwUi Š`NÆÅ cwigvc mãwZcƒYÆ wQj wKbv-hywÚmn gZvgZ fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•Gji mvnvGhÅ wgwjwgUvGii f™²vsk cwigvc Kiv hvq|
`vI| 4 ZvB wgwjwgUvGii f™²vsk cwigvGci RbÅ ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi mvG^
48 bs cÉGk²i Dîi fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•j eÅenvi Kiv nq| A
K Õ˜zMGRi e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji ‰K fvM NyivGj ‰i cÉv¯¦ ev e†îvKvi M ‰LvGb, NbGKi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = 6.55 cm A
ˆÕ•jwU ŠiwLK ˆÕ•j eivei hZUzKz mGi AvGm ZvGK Õ˜zMGRi  NbGKi AvqZb = (a) Nb ‰KK = (6.55) cm = 281.011 cm
3 3 3 3
bƒÅbvâ eGj| A wbGiU ejwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2.5 cm

4
L Š`bw±`b RxeGb mKj KvR fvGjvfvGe mÁ·®² Kivi RbÅ  ejwUi AvqZb = 3 r3 Nb ‰KK
cwigvGci cÉGqvRb| ˆhgb: MvGqi R¾i êvSvi RbÅ Zvcgvòv gvcvi 4
=  (2.5)3 cm3 = 65.45 cm3
cÉGqvRb, Rvgv-Kvco evbvGbvi RbÅ Š`NÆÅ gvcv cÉGqvRb| fzj 3
cwigvc AGbK mgq `yNUÆ bvi KviY nGZ cvGi| ˆhgb@ ˆKvGbv  NbGKi ˆfZGii Lvwj AsGki AvqZb
wewÎ£s wbgÆvGYi mgq mwVK gvòvq Kjvg ‰es iW ˆÌqv bv nGj Zv = NbGKi AvqZb  eGji AvqZb
ˆfGO coGZ cvGi| ZvB ejv hvq, Š`bw±`b RxeGb mwVK cwigvc I = (281.011  65.45) cm3 = 215.561 cm3 (Ans.)
Zvi cÉGqvGMi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| A N wgUvi ˆÕ•Gji mvnvGhÅ eÕ§i Š`NÆÅ I `ƒiZ½ cwigvc Kiv nq|
M 2(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•Gji 50
 ZGe ‰i «¼viv me `ƒiZ½ cwigvc Kiv hvq bv| DóxcGKi NbGKi
fvM cÉavb ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg 49 fvGMi mgvb| cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ ‰i «¼viv cwigvc Kiv ˆMGjI ejwUi ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK
N 2(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: cÉ^g Š`NÆÅ cwigvc cwiwai `ƒiZ½ ‰i «¼viv cwigvc Kiv mÁ¿e bq| A
mwVK cwigvGci mvG^ mãwZcƒYÆ wQj bv| wgUvi ˆÕ•j «¼viv mylg eÕ§i Š`NÆÅ cwigvc Kiv hvq| mylg eÕ§
cÉk²  49 ewikvj êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 1 ejGZ `ívKvi ev mgZj jÁ¼v cÉK‡wZi eÕ§GK eySvq| A^Ævr, ‰gb
wbGPi wPò `ywU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: me eÕ§ hvGì `yB cÉvG¯¦ wgUvi ˆÕ•jwU Õ©vcb Kiv hvq|
6.55 cm NbGKi ˆÞGò, ‰i Š`NÆÅ cwigvGci mgq evüi `yB cÉvG¯¦ wgUvi
ˆÕ•jwU Õ©vcb Kiv nq ‰es wgUvi ˆÕ•j ˆ^GK mivmwi Š`NÆÅGK
r = 2.5 cm
6.55 cm cwigvc Kiv nq| wK¯§ wbGiU ejwUi ˆÞGò, ejwUi `yB cÉvG¯¦ ‰KB
6.55 cm
wPò 1: NbeÕ§ wPò 2: wbGiU ej
mvG^ wgUvi ˆÕ•jwU Õ©vcb Kiv hvq bv| dGj ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i cvV
K. fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK KvGK eGj? 1 cvIqv mÁ¿e nq bv| wK¯§ ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvmÆ bvgK h¯¨ eÅenvi KGi ‰
L. ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆ fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•j ˆKb eÅenvi Kiv nq? 2 eGji `yB cÉvG¯¦i cvV êi Kiv hvq| dGj ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi
M. DóxcGKi wbGiU ejwUGK NbeÕ§wUi ˆfZi cÉweÓ¡ KivGbv gvaÅGg ‰ aiGbi wbGiU ej ev wmwj´£vGii eÅvmvaÆ cwigvc Kiv nq|
nGj NbeÕ§i ˆfZGii Lvwj AsGki AvqZb KZ nGe? 3 DcGii AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, NbGKi Š`NÆÅ, cÉÕ© ev DœPZv
N. DóxcGKi Dfq wPGòi eÕ§àGjvGK wgUvi ˆÕ•Gji mvnvGhÅ cwigvc Kiv ˆMGjI wbGiU eGji mwVK cwigvc wgUvi ˆÕ•Gji mvnvGhÅ
cwigvc Kiv hvGe wK bv hywÚmnKvGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 wbYÆq Kiv hvGe bv|
w«¼Zxq AaÅvq: MwZ

cÉk²  96 XvKv êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 3 20 s nGZ 30 s chÆ¯¦ mgGeGM hvq, ‰LvGb,
 AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, Avw`GeM, v1 = 20 ms1
wbGP ‰KwU Mvwoi êM, mgq Z^Å ˆÌqv nGjv: s2 = v1t2 mgq, t2 = 30  20 = 10 s
mgq (s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ev, s2 = 20  10 AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 = ?
êM (ms–1) 0 5 10 15 20 20 20 15 10  s2 = 200 m
K. co¯¦ eÕ§i w«¼Zxq mƒòwU wjL| 1 30 s nGZ 40 s chÆ¯¦ mgg±`Gb hvq, ‰LvGb,
L. “mKj mij-Õ·±`b MwZ chÆvqe†î MwZ, wK¯§ mKj chÆvqe†î  AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, Avw`GeM, v1 = 20 ms1
ˆklGeM, v2 = 10 ms1
MwZ mij-Õ·±`b MwZ bq” eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 s3 = (v +2 v ) t
1 2
3
mgq, t3 = 40  30 = 10 s
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK êM-mgq ˆjLwPò Aâb KGiv| 3 20 + 10 AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s3 = ?
ev, s = ( 2 )  10
3
N. MvwowUi mÁ·ƒYÆ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| mÁ·ƒYÆ MwZcG^
 s3 = 150 m
MvwowU KZ evi w`K cwieZÆb KGi DóxcGKi AvGjvGK
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4  MvwowUi mÁ·ƒYÆ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = s1 + s2 + s3
= 200 + 200 + 150 = 550 m
96 bs cÉGk²i Dîi mÁ·ƒYÆ MwZcG^ MvwowUi w`K cwieZÆb AÕ·Ó¡ ZGe MwZ wZbevi
K wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK webv evavq co¯¦ eÕ§i wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq (t)
 cwieZÆb nq| cÉ^Gg mgZ½iGb PGj Zvici mgGeGM ‰es ˆkGl
cÉvµ¦ êM (v) H mgGqi mgvbycvwZK A^Ævr v  t| A mgg±`Gb PGj|
L ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§KYvi MwZ hw` ‰gb nq ˆh, ‰wU ‰i cÉk²  97 gqgbwmsn êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 2
MwZcGî ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cici ‰KB w`K ‰KwU MwZkxj ˆgvUi mvBGKGji êM I mgGqi mviwY wbÁ²i…c@
ˆ^GK AwZKÌg KGi ZGe ˆmB MwZGK chÆvqe†î MwZ eGj| Aciw`GK êM (ms–1) 2 4 6 6 3
ˆKvGbv chÆvqe†î MwZmÁ·®² eÕ§ hw` chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK mgq ˆKvGbv mgq (s) 0 10 20 30 40
wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ‰es evwK AGaÆK mgq wecixZ w`GK PGj ZGe eÕ§i K. chÆvqe†î MwZ KvGK eGj? 1
‰i…c MwZGK mij Õ·±`b MwZ eGj| A^Ævr Õ·±`b MwZGZI eÕ§wU L. `Ë‚wZi cwieZÆb nGjI êGMi cwieZÆb bvI nGZ cvGi@
ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq ciciB AwZKÌg KiGQ hv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
chÆvqe†î MwZi Abyi…c| AZ‰e, Õ·±`b MwZ nGjv weGkl aiGbi M. ˆgvUi mvBGKGji 15 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
chÆvqe†î MwZ| ZvB mKj mij-Õ·±`b MwZ chÆvqe†î MwZ wK¯§ N. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi AvGjvGK ˆjLwPò Aâb KGi ‰i Z½iY
mKj chÆvqe†î MwZ mij-Õ·±`b MwZ bq| A weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M DóxcGKi Z^v mviwY nGZ cÉvµ¦ ˆmGK´£ ‰KGK mgq, t = 0, 5, 97 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ‰es 40 K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§i MwZ hw` ‰gb nq ˆh, ‰wU ‰i MwZcGî

X AGÞ ‰es wgUvi/ ˆmGK´£ ‰KGK êM, v = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 20, ˆKvGbv we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq ci ci ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK AwZKÌg KGi
20, 15 ‰es 10 ZGe ˆmB eÕ§i MwZB chÆvqe†î MwZ| A
Y AGÞ ewmGq wbGÁ²vÚ êM-mgq ˆjLwPò Aâb Kiv nGjv@
L “`Ë‚wZi cwieZÆb nGjI êGMi cwieZÆb bvI nGZ cvGi”
@DwÚwU h^v^Æ bq| KviY êM ‰KwU ˆfÙi ivwk| ‰i gvb I w`K
(25,20) (30,20)
DfqB AvGQ| gvb Aêv w`K Aêv DfGqi cwieZÆGb êGMi
20
cwieZÆb nq| ˆhGnZz êGMi gvbB `Ë‚wZ, AZ‰e, `Ë‚wZi cwieZÆb
êM v (ms1)
(15,15)
(35,15)
15 nGj AekÅB êGMi gvb Z^v êGMi cwieZÆb nGe| A
(40,10)
M 1g 20 ˆmGK´£ ˆgvUi ‰LvGb,
(10,10)
10 
mvBGKjwU a mgZ½iGY PGj Avw`GeM, u = 2 ms
1
5
(5,5) Avgiv Rvwb, A mgq, t = 20 s
0 5 10 15 20 25 v  u ˆklGeM, v = 6 ms1
30 35 40 a=
t Z½iY, a = ?
mgq, t (s) 62 t1 = 15 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = ?
ev, a = 20
N MvwowU cÉ^g 20 s mgZ½iGY hvq, A
u + v1 ‰LvGb,  a = 0.2 ms2
s1 =
2( ) t1
Avw`GeM, u = 0 ms1
1
‰Lb, s = ut1 + 2 a t12
0 + 20 ˆklGeM, v1 = 20 ms1
ev, s1 = 2( )  20
mgq, t1 = 20 s
1
ev, s = 2  15 + 2  0.2  152
 s1 = 200 m
cÉ^g 20 s ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s1 = ?  s = 52.5 m (Ans.)
N 11(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| s2 = vt ‰LvGb,
Dîi: cÉ^g 20 s ‰ Z½iY 0.2 ms ; cieZÆx 10 s ‰ Z½iY kƒbÅ, ˆkl 10 s
2 ev, s2 = (10  150) m mgGeM, v = 10 ms1
 s = 1500 m mgq, t2 = 2.5 min = (2.5  60) = 150 s
‰ g±`b 0.3 ms2 2
ˆkl 40 sec mylg g±`Gb wÕ©i nIqvi ˆÞGò,

cÉk²  98 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 1 v1 = u + at ‰LvGb,
dvwnGgi evmv ˆ^GK we`ÅvjGqi `ƒiZ½ 1.8 km| ˆm wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ev, a = v1  v Avw`GeM, v = 10 ms1
nGZ mvBGKj PvwjGq we`ÅvjGq hvIqvi mgq cÉ^g 20 ˆmGK´£ 0.5  t3 
ˆklGeM, v1 = 0 ms1
0  10
ms mylg Z½iGY, cieZÆx 2.5 wgwbU mgGeGM ‰es ˆkl 40 ˆmGK´£ ev, a = 
–2  mgq, t3 = 40 sec
 40 
mylg g±`Gb PGj wÕ©i nq|  a = 0.25 ms2 Z½iY, a = ?
K. fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK Kx? 1  ˆkl 40 s ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s3 = ?
L. Õ˜z MGRi bƒÅbvâ 0.02 mm ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2 1 2 1
s = vt3 + at3 (10  40) +  ( 0.25)  (40)2 400  200
M. cÉ^g 1 wgwbGU dvwng KZUzKz `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe? 3 3 2 2
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ mgGqi gGaÅ dvwng we`ÅvjGq ˆcuŒQGZ = 200 m
cviGe wK? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4  dvwng KZ‡ÆK DGÍÏwLZ mgGqi gGaÅ ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
s = s1 + s2 + s3
98 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ev, s = (100 + 1500 + 200) m
K gƒj ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg ‰K fvGMi ˆPGq fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg ev, s = 1800 m

‰K fvM hZUzKz Þz`ËZi ˆmB cwigvYB Š`NÆÅ cwigvcK hG¯ï  s = 1.8 km
fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK| A dvwnGgi evmv nGZ we`ÅvjGqi `ƒiZ½, s = 1.8 km
 s = s
L Õ˜z-MGRi e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg ‰K fvM NyivGj ‰i cÉv¯¦ ev myZivs, DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ mgGq dvwng we`ÅvjGq ˆcuŒQGZ cviGe|
e†îvKvi ˆÕ•jwU ŠiwLK ˆÕ•j eivei hZUzKz mGi AvGm ZvGK Õ˜z-
cÉk²  99 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6
MGRi bƒÅbvâ eGj| A
e†îvKvi ˆÕ•j 1 evi NyivGj gƒj ˆÕ•Gji AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ ‰KRb eÅvUmgÅvb ‰KwU wKÌGKU ejGK AvNvZ Kivq ejwU f„-c†GÓ¤
bƒÅbvâ = evav ˆcGq 90 km/h êGM DcGii w`GK DGV ˆMGjv| ‰KRb wdÎ£vi
e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji fvM msLÅv
Õ˜z-MGRi bƒÅbvâ 0.02 mm ejGZ eySvq, e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg co¯¦ ejwUGK aivi RbÅ 5 s ˆ`ŒovGjv|
‰K fvM NyivGj e†îvKvi ˆÕ•jwU ŠiwLK ˆÕ•j eivei 0.02 mm K. Z½iY KvGK eGj? 1
`ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi ‰es ‰wU «¼viv meÆwbÁ² 0.02 mm chÆ¯¦ wbfzÆjfvGe L. ˆ`vjvqgvb ˆ`vjbvi MwZ ˆKvb aiGbi MwZ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
gvcv hvGe| ˆhGnZz Õ˜z-MGR e†îvKvi ˆÕ•j 1 evi NyivGj gƒj ˆÕ•Gj M. wKÌGKU ejwU f„-c†Ó¤ nGZ mGeÆvœP KZ DœPZvq DGVwQj?
1 mm `ƒiZ½ AMÉmi nq, AZ‰e, 0.02 mm bƒÅbvGâi ˆÞGò ‰B
wbYÆq KGiv| 3
1 mm
ˆÕ•jwUi fvMmsLÅv 0.02 mm = 50 nGZ nGe| N. wdÎ£vi ejwU aiGZ cviGe wKbv MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv
KGiv| 4
M cÉ^g 20 sec mylg Z½iGY hvIqvq miY, A
1 ‰LvGb, 99 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
s1 = ut1 + at12
2 K mgGqi mvG^ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Amg êGMi cwieZÆGbi nviGK Z½iY
Avw`GeM, u = 0 ms1 
1
ev, s1 = 0 + 2  0.5  (20) Z½iY, a = 0.5 ms2
2
eGj| A
 s1 = 100 m mgq, t1 = 20 s L ˆ`vjvqgvb ˆ`vjbvi MwZ nGjv mij Õ·±`b MwZ| A
mylg Z½iGY Pjvq 20 sec ci cÉvµ¦GeM, mij Õ·±`b MwZ ‰KwU weGkl aiGbi chÆvqe†î MwZ| ˆKvGbv
v = u + at1 chÆvqe†î MwZmÁ·®² eÕ§i MwZ hw` ‰i…c nq ˆh, eÕ§wU Zvi
ev, v = 0 + 0.5  20 chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK mgq ‰Kw`GK ‰es evwK AGaÆK mgq Zvi cƒeÆ
 v = 10 ms1 MwZi wecixZ w`GK MwZkxj ^vGK ZGe eÕ§i ‰i…c MwZGK mij
cieZÆx 40 sec mylg êGMPjvq AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, Õ·±`b MwZ eGj|
s2 = vt ‰LvGb, ˆ`vjbv wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ hvòv ÷i‚ KGi axGi axGi MwZkxj nq
ev, s2 = 10  40 mgGeM, v = 10 ms1 ‰es ˆK±`Êwe±`yGZ mGeÆvœP MwZcÉvµ¦ nGq Avevi MwZ KgGZ ^vGK
 s2 = 400 m mgq, t2 = 40 s ‰es mGeÆvœP we±`yGZ ˆ^Gg hvq| Zvici wecixZ w`GK MwZkxj nq|
 cÉ^g 1 wgwbU ev 60 sec ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, A^Ævr MwZcGî AGaÆK mgq ‰Kw`GK PGj evwK AGaÆK mgq
s = s1 + s2 ev, s = 100 + 400 wecixZ w`GK PGj hv mij Õ·±`b MwZGKB mg^Æb KGi|
 s = 500 m (Ans.) M 10(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 31.89 m
N ‘M’ nGZ cvB, A
N Avgiv Rvwb,
 ‰LvGb,
cÉ^g t1 = 20 sec ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s1 = 100 m
‰es t1 mgq ˆkGl cÉvµ¦ êM, v = 10 ms1
v = u  gt Avw`GeM, u = 90 km/h
‰i ciewZÆGZ 2.5 wgwbU mgGeGM Pjvq AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, ev, 0 = u  gt 90  1000 1
= ms
3600
u = 25 ms1 MwZkxj| AZ‰e, 5, 10, 15, 20 I 25 ˆmGKG´£i gynƒGZÆ Mvwoi
t=
g
ˆkl êM, v = 0 ms 1 êGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi ˆjLwPGòi DÚ mijGiLvi XvGji mgvb|
T=
2u 2  25
= AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 ms2  ˆhGKvGbv gynƒGZÆ ˆhgb 20 ˆmGKG´£i gynƒGZÆ îLvi Xvj
g 9.8 (40  0) ms1
= 5.1 s > 5s mGeÆvœP DœPZvq DVvi mgq, t = ? =
(20  0) s
A^Ævr ejwU f„wgGZ cGo hvIqvi wePiYKvj, T = 2t = ? 40
= m/s2 = 2 m/s2
20
cƒGeÆB wdÎ£vi ˆcuŒGQ hvGe| ZvB wdÎ£vi ejwU aiGZ cviGe|
myZivs, cÉwZ gynƒGZÆ MvwowUi êGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi 2 m/s2 A^Ævr
KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 3 ZLb MvwowU 2 m/s mylg Z½iGY PjwQj| AbÅ K^vq, cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£
2
cÉk²  100
MvwowUi êM 2 m/s cwigvY e†w«¬ cvwœQj|
‰KwU Mvwoi cÉwZ 5 sec cici MwZGeM msMÉn KGi wjwce«¬ Kiv
cÉk²  101 wmGjU êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 2
nGjv:
mgq (sec) 0 5 10 15 20 25 ‰KwU Mvwoi mgGqi mvG^ cÉvµ¦ êGMi mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
êM (ms )–1 0 10 20 30 40 50 mgq (s) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
K. ˆfÙi ivwk KvGK eGj? 1 êM (ms–1
) 0 4 8 12 12 6 0
L. Pjb MwZ I NƒYÆb MwZi gGaÅ `yBwU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2 K. chÆvqe†î MwZ KvGK eGj? 1
M. MvwowU 10 sec ‰ KZ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe? 3 L. ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Mo êM kƒbÅ nGjI Mo `Ë‚wZ kƒbÅ bvI nGZ
N. DwÍÏwLZ Zî½ «¼viv ˆjLwPò Aâb KGi ‰i cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY cvGi@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
KGiv| 4 M. MvwowU cÉ ^ g 1 wgwbU 20 ˆmGKG´£ KZ `ƒ iZ½ AwZKÌ g KiGe
100 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wbYÆq KGiv| 3
K ˆh mKj ivwkGK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc cÉKvk Kivi RbÅ gvb I w`K
 N. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi wfwîGZ êM- mgq ˆjLwPò Au v K ‰es
DfGqiB cÉGqvRb nq ZvGìGK ˆfÙi ivwk eGj| A MwZi wewf®² AeÕ©v eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
101 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L Pjb MwZ I NƒYÆb MwZi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wbGP DGÍÏL Kiv nj : A
NƒYÆbMwZ Pjb MwZ K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§i MwZ hw` ‰gb nq ˆh ‰wU ‰i MwZcGî
ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq ci ci ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK AwZKÌg
hLb ˆKvGbv eÕ§ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆKvGbv eÕ§ hw` ‰gbfvGe
KGi ZGe ˆmB eÕ§i MwZB chÆvqe†î MwZ| A
we±`y ev îLv ˆ^GK eÕ§ PjGZ ^vGK hvGZ KGi eÕ§i
KYvàGjvi `ƒiZ½ AcwiewZÆZ mKj KYv ‰KB mgGq ‰KB L wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq eÅeavGb ˆKvGbv eÕ§ wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK MGo ‰KK mgGq
îGL H we±`y ev îLvGK ˆK±`Ê w`GK mgvb `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi ˆh `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi, ZvB eÕ§wUi Mo êM| AbÅw`GK, wbw`ÆÓ¡
KGi ˆNvGi ZLb H eÕ§i ZvnGj H MwZGK Pjb MwZ mgq eÅeavGb ‰KK mgGq ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Mo AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½B Zvi
MwZGK NƒYÆb MwZ eGj| eGj| Mo `Ë‚wZ| A
D`vniY- Še`yÅwZK cvLvi D`vniY- eBGK NyiGZ bv w`Gq êM ‰KwU ˆfÙi ivwk weavq ‰wU FYvñK I abvñK DfqB nGZ
MwZ, Nwoi KuvUvi MwZ| ˆVGj ‰K cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK AbÅ cvGi| dGj wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq eÅeavGb Mo êM kƒbÅ nGZ cvGi| wK¯§
cÉvG¯¦ wbGq hvIqv| `Ë‚wZ ‰KwU AFYvñK ivwk nIqvq ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cwimGi eÕ§wU
wÕ©i AeÕ©vGb bv ^vKGj ‰i gvb KLGbvB kƒbÅ nGZ cvGi bv| ZvB
M 14(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|
ˆh ˆÞGò ‰KwU eÕ§i Mo êM kƒbÅ nq, ˆmGÞGò Zvi Mo `Ë‚wZ kƒbÅ
Dîi: 100 m|
bvI nGZ cvGi|
N DóxcGKi mviwY ˆ^GK êM ebvg mgq ˆjLwPò QK KvMGR 35m D
Aâb Kiv nGjv| A
12m
50 10m
B 25m C
êM, (m/s) 
40 DcGii wPGò ABCDA cG^ eÕ§wUi jwº¬ miY kƒbÅ nIqvq Mo êM
kƒbÅ, wK¯§ ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ kƒbÅ bv nIqvq ‰i Mo `Ë‚wZ kƒbÅ bq|
30
M 11(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii `ËÓ¡eÅ|

20
N 11(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii `ËÓ¡eÅ|
10 cÉk²  102 hGkvi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 2
0
wkÞv mdGi hvIqvi RbÅ `yBwU we`ÅvjGqi wkÞv^Æx ‰KB mgGq
5 10 15 20 ‰KB w`GK h^vKÌGg A I B `yBwU evmGhvGM hvòv ÷i KiGjv| A
25
mgq, (s)  evmwU 4  10–3 kms–2 mylg Z½iGY ‰es B evmwU 200 m wcQb
ˆ^GK 4  10–2 kms–1 mgGeGM M¯¦eÅÕ©Gj ˆcuŒQvj|
K. ˆfÙi ivwk KvGK eGj? 1
ˆjLwPò nGZ cÉvµ¦ îLvwU ‰KwU mijGiLv| myZivs Mvwoi êM
L. AwfKlÆR Z½iY mgZ½iY ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
mgGqi mvG^ mylgfvGe e†w«¬ cvGœQ, A^Ævr MvwowU mylg Z½iGY
M. hvòv ÷i‚i KZ mgq cGi evm `yBwUi êM mgvb nGe? 3 AZ‰e, eyGjUwU MvGQi wfZi (‘M’ nGZ)
N. hvòvcG^ `yBwU evGmi wkÞv^ÆxGì KZevi ˆ`Lv nGe? 0.016 m AwZKÌg KGi ˆ^Gg hvq mgq, t = 1 s
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 ‰es mÁ·ƒYÆ MvQ ˆf` KiGZ ˆkl êM, v = 0 ms1
102 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cvGi bv| AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = ?
K ˆh mKj ivwkGK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc cÉKvk Kivi RGbÅ gvb I w`K we.`Ë.: eyGjUwUi 0.016 m AwZKÌg KiGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq t1 nGj,
DfGqiB cÉGqvRb nq ZvGìGK ˆfÙi ivwk eGj| A
L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM hw` wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK memgq ‰KB nvGi evoGZ
s= (u +2 v) t 1
2s 0.016  2
^vGK ZvnGj ˆmB Z½iYGK mylg ev mgZ½iY eGj| ev, t1 = u + v = 20 + 0 = 1.6  103 s < t
AwfKlÆ eGji cÉfvGe gyÚfvGe co¯¦ ˆKvb eÕ§i êM cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£
ˆhGnZz eyGjUwU 1 s Pjvi AvGMB ˆ^Gg hvGe ‰es DÚ mgGq 0.016 m
9.8 ms1 evoGZ ^vGK| myZivs AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi w`K wbw`ÆÓ¡ A^Ævr
`ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe| myZivs eyGjUwU MvQGK ˆf` KiGZ cviGe bv|
wbGPi w`GK ‰es êM e†w«¬i nvi mylg nIqvq ‰wU ‰KwU mgZ½iY|
M 22(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 10 s ci| cÉk²  104 ewikvj êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 2
N 22(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| wbGP ‰KwU MwZkxj Mvwoi êM@ mgq Z^Å ˆÌqv nGjv:
Dîi: hvòvcG^ `ywU evGmi wkÞv^ÆxGì 10 s ci ‰KeviB ˆ`Lv nGe| mgq (sec) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
cÉk²  103 hGkvi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6 êM (m/sec) 0 5 10 15 20 20 20 15 10

30 ms êGM ‰KwU eyGjU 6.5 cm cyi‚ ‰KwU MvGQi wfZi 2 cm
–1 K. mgZ½iY KvGK eGj? 1
cÉGek Kivi ci êM ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk nËvm ˆcj ‰es ‰ici eyGjUwU L. ˆfÙi ivwkGK cÉKvk Kivi RbÅ gvb I w`GKi cÉGqvRb nq
AvGiv 1 s mgq Pjj| ˆKb? 2
K. MwZi ‰KwU mgxKiY wjGLv| 1 M. MvwowUi cÉ^g 30 sec ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
L. wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i Z½iY FYvñK nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 N. DcGii QK nGZ Z½iY ebvg mgq ˆjL Aâb KGi Z½iGYi
M. eyGjUwUi Z½iY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
N. eyGjUwU MvQwUGK ˆf` KiGZ cviGe wKbv? MvwYwZKfvGe 104 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆ`LvI| 4 K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM hw` wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK memgq ‰KB nvGi evoGZ
103 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ^vGK ZvnGj ˆmB eÕ§i Z½iYGK mgZ½iY eGj| A
1 L ˆfÙi ivwkGK cÉKvGki RbÅ gvb I w`K DfGqiB cÉGqvRb nq|
K MwZi ‰KwU mgxKiY nGœQ : s = ut + 2 at2 A
 KviY ÷ay gvGbi «¼viv ivwkwUi cÉK‡Z AeÕ©v êvSv hvq bv| ˆhgb
ˆhLvGb, s, u, a, t h^vKÌGg miY, Avw`GeM, Z½iY, mgq wbG`Æk KGi| ˆKvb wKQyi AeÕ©vb wbG`Æk Kivi RbÅ ˆKvb we±`y ˆ^GK H
L Z½iY ‰KwU ˆfÙi ivwk hvi gvb ‰es w`K DfqB iGqGQ| AeÕ©vGbi `ƒiZ½ Rvbv ^vKGj eÕ§wUi cÉK‡Z AeÕ©vb Rvbv hvGe bv|
DcGii w`GK wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i Dci wbGPi w`GK AwfKlÆR ej wKÌqv wK¯§ `ƒiGZ½i mvG^ ˆKvb w`GK AvGQ Zv hw` Rvbv hvq ZGe H w`K
KGi hvi w`K c†wêxi ˆK±`Ê eivei| dGj wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i MwZGeM eivei H `ƒiZ½ wMGq eÕ§wUGK cvIqv hvGe|
cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 9.8 ms−1 nvGi nËvm ˆcGZ ^vGK| myZivs ‰GÞGò g±`b M 11(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉk²GîvGii Abyi…c|
nIqvq, cÉhÚ y Z½iY wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i êM I miGYi w`GKi wecixZ w`GK Dîi: 400 m|
nIqvq wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i Z½iY FYvñK nq| vu
‰LvGb, N Avgiv Rvwb, Z½iY a = t | kƒbÅ ˆmGK´£ ˆ^GK 40 ˆmGK´£
M Avgiv Rvwb, A
v2 = u2 + 2as Avw`GeM, u = 30 ms1 chÆ¯¦ DóxcGKi QK ˆ^GK Z½iGYi gvb wbYÆq Kiv nGjv ‰es ˆmàGjv
v2
 u 2 1 30 Z½iY ebvg mgq ˆjGL Õ©vcb Kiv nGjv|
ev, a =  2s  ˆklGeM, v = u  3 u = 30  3
cÉ^g 5 sec-‰ Z½iY,
(20)2  (30)2 = 20 ms1
ev, a = 2  0.02 miY, s = 2 cm = 0.02 m a1 =
50
= 1 ms2 cGii 5 sec-‰ Z½iY, a2 =
10  5
= 1 ms2;
5 5
 a =  1.25  10 ms4 2
Z½iY, a = ? 15  10 20  15
(Ans.) Abyi…cfvGe, a3 =
5
= 1 ms2 ; a4 =
5
= 1 ms2;
N eyGjUwU 2 cm cÉGek Kivi ci cyGiv MvQwU ˆf` KiGZ nGj a5 =
20  20
= 0 ms2 ; a6 =
20  20
= 0 ms2;
AviI (6.5  2) ev, 4.5 cm ev, 0.045 m AwZKÌg KiGZ nGe| 5 5
‰GÞGò, A 15  20 10  15
a7 = = 1 ms2 ‰es a8 = = 1 ms2;
5 5
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
 Z½iY, a(ms2) 
v2 = u2 + 2as Avw`GeM, u = 2 cm cÉGeGki ci Y

ev, 0 = 202 + 2  1 1
202
( )
( 1.25  104)  s êM = 1  3  30 ms
1
ev, s = 2  1.25  104 2

=  30 ms1 = 20 ms1 X
3
= 0.016 m
5 10 15 20 25 3 0 35 40 mgq, t (s)
Z½iY, a =  1.25  104 ms2
‰LvGb, 0.016 m < 0.045m –1
‰LvGb, 0 s ˆ^GK 20 s chÆ¯¦ MvwowU 10 ms2 gGbi mgZ½iGY PjGZ  N DóxcK nGZ cvB, B we±`yGZ Avw`GeM, u = 30 m/s
^vGK| Zvici 20 s ˆ^GK 30 s chÆ¯¦ mgGeGM PGj, ZvB ‰ mgq E we±`yGZ ˆklGeM, v = 0 m/s
Z½iY kƒbÅ| Zvici 30 s ˆ^GK 40 s chÆ¯¦  1 ms2 Z½iGY PGj ‰GÞGò mgq, t = (50  20) s = 30 s
A^Ævr ‰ mgq MvwowU g±`Gb PjGZ ^vGK| ‰ mgq êM KgGZ 15  30
BC AsGki Z½iY, a1 = =  1.5 m/s2
^vGK| 30  20
0  15
w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1 Avevi, DE AsGk Z½iY, a2 = 50  40 m/s =  1.5 m/s
2 2
cÉk² 105
2
wbGÁ² ‰KwU Mvwoi MwZ êM mgq ˆjLwPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvGbv  a1 = a2 =  1.5 m/s
nGjv: B we±`y ˆ^GK E we±`yGZ mivmwi AvmGj MvwowUi Z½iY nGe,
vu
a=
t
0  30
=
 êM (ms1)
30
B
30 =  1 m/s2
a 1
A C D  = = 0.667
15 a1 1.5
ev, a = 0.667 a1
E
O X 20 30 40 50 A^Ævr MvwowU B we±`y ˆ^GK E we±`yGZ mivmwi AvmGj ‰i Z½iY nGe
 mgq (ˆmGK´£) cƒGeÆi Z½iGYi Zzjbvq 0.667 MyY|
OB îLvi Xvj 1.5 cÉk² 106 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1
K. mgZ½iY KvGK eGj? 1
L. mƒGhÆi Pviw`GK c†wêxi MwZ (evwlÆK MwZ) chÆvqe†î MwZ ‰KwU Mvwoi Ici ej cÉGqvGMi cÉK‡wZ `ywU ˆjLwPGò ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ:
Y Y
nGjI NƒYÆb MwZ bq eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. ˆjLwPGò OX KZ mgq Zv MvwYwZKfvGe wbYÆq KGiv| 3
êM (v) ms1 
15
miY (s) m 
20 D
N. MvwowU B we±`y ˆ^GK E we±`yGZ mivmwi AvmGj ‰i Z½iGYi
10
Kxi…c cwieZÆb NUGe Zv MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 10 B C
105 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 5
A
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM hw` wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK memgq ‰KB nvGi evoGZ
 0 10 20 30 X 0 5 10 15 20 X
^vGK ZvnGj ˆmB eÕ§i Z½iYGK mgZ½iY eGj| mgq (t) sec  mgq (t) sec 
wPò-P wPò-Q
L ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§KYvi MwZ hw` ‰gb nq ˆh, ‰wU ‰i MwZi
cG^ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cici ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK K. cwigvGci ‰KK KvGK eGj? 1
AwZKÌg KGi, ZvnGj ˆmB MwZGK chÆvqe†î MwZ eGj| c†wêx mƒhÆGK L. K`ÆgvÚ ivÕ¦vq nuvUGZ KÓ¡Ki ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
Dce†îvKvi cG^ cÉwZ 1 eQi ev 365 w`b cici ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK M. wPò: P-‰i Mvwoi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
cwiögY KGi, ZvB c†wêxi MwZ chÆvqe†î MwZ| Avevi, ˆKvGbv eÕ§ N. Q-ˆjLwPò nGZ MvwowUi MwZKvGj êGMi wewf®² AeÕ©v
hw` ˆKvGbv we±`y ev AÞ ˆ^GK mgvb `ƒiZ½ eRvq îGL H we±`y ev weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
AGÞi PvicvGk e†îvKvi cG^ NyGi, ZGe eÕ§i ˆmB MwZ nGjv NƒYÆb 106 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
MwZ| ˆhGnZz c†wêxi KÞc^ Dce†îvKvi, ˆmGnZz mƒhÆ ˆ^GK c†wêxi K cwigvGci RbÅ ˆKvGbv ivwki ˆh AskGK Av`kÆ aGi ivwkwU

`ƒiZ½ meÆ`v mgvb bq, chÆvqKvGji wewf®² mgGq ‰B `ƒiZ½ wewf®²| cwigvc Kiv nq ZvGK H ivwki cwigvGci ‰KK eGj|
ZvB mƒGhÆi Pviw`GK c†wêxi MwZ NƒYÆb MwZ bq, eis ‰wU Dce†îvKvi
L ivÕ¦vq nuvUvi mgq ivÕ¦v I cvGqi Zjvi gGaÅ ˆh NlÆY ej ŠZwi
MwZ| nq Zvi RbÅ Avgiv Õ¼vœQG±`Å PjGZ cvwi| wK¯§ K`ÆgvÚ ivÕ¦vq
M ˆjLwPGò OB Ask «¼viv mgZ½iY wbG`Æk KGi| ‰GÞGò Z½iY a PjvKvjxb mgGq ivÕ¦v I cvGqi Zjvi gaÅKvi NlÆY ej nËvm cvq|
nGj, ‰i dGj H ivÕ¦vq Avgiv wcQGj hvB| ZvB K`ÆgvÚ ivÕ¦vq nuvUGZ
a =
vu ‰LvGb, KÓ¡ nq|
t Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
30  0 M
= ˆklGeM, v = 30 m/s
20 Avgiv Rvwb, wPò-P nGZ,
= 1.5 m/s2 mgq, t = 20 s
s=
u+v
t Avw`GeM, u = 15 m/s
‰Lb, OA AsGk, ˆklGeM, v = 15 m/s ‰es mgq, OX = t nGj, 2 ˆklGeM, v = 0 m/s
v  u 15 + 0
a= = =
2
 30 mgq, t = 30 s
t
= 225 m (Ans.) `ƒiZ½, s = ?
v  u
ev, t = a
N Q ˆjLwPGò gƒjwe±`yGK O «¼viv mƒwPZ KiGj ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, OA
15  0 AsGk mgGqi mvG^ Mvwoi AeÕ©vb cwiewZÆZ nq bv| AZ‰e, OA
=
1.5
= 10 s (Ans.)
AsGk Z^v cÉ^g 5s MvwowU wÕ©i ^vGK|
cieZÆx 5s A^Ævr AB AsGk Mvwoi miY mgGqi mvG^ mylgfvGe 
N DóxcGKi mviwY ˆ^GK êM ebvg mgq ˆjLwPò QK KvMGR
e†w«¬ cvq| AZ‰e, AB AsGk MvwowU mgGeGM PGj| Aâb Kiv nGjv|
(10  0) m 10 m
‰GÞGò, êGMi gvb, v = AB îLvi Xvj = (10  5) s = 5 s 14
 v = 2 m/s 12
BC AsGk Mvwoi AeÕ©vb mgGqi mvGcGÞ wÕ©i ^vGK| A^Ævr DÚ
10
mgGq Mvwoi êM, v = 0 m/s
êM, (m/s) 
Avevi, CD AsGk Mvwoi miY mgGqi mvGcGÞ mylgfvGe e†w«¬ 8
cvq| A^Ævr DÚ AsGk Mvwo mgGeM cÉvµ¦ nq|
‰GÞGò, êGMi gvb, v = CD îLvi Xvj 6
(20  10)
= 4
(20  15)
10 m 2
=
5s
= 2 m/s
myZivs MvwYwZK weGkÏlGY ˆ`Lv ˆMj ˆh, DóxcGKi Q-ˆjLwPGò 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
MvwowU OA AsGk 5s hver wÕ©i wQj, AB AsGk 5s aGi 2m/s mgq, (s) 
mgGeGM PGj, BC AsGk 5s hver Mvwoi êM kƒbÅ ^vGK ‰es CD ˆjLwPò nGZ cÉvµ¦ îLvwU ‰KwU mijGiLv, myZivs Mvwoi êM
AsGk 5s aGi Avevi MvwowU 2 m/s mgGeGM PGj| mgGqi mvG^ mylgfvGe e†w«¬ cvq| A^Ævr MvwowU mylg Z½iGY
cÉk² 107 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1 MwZkxj|
30 ˆmGKG´£i gynƒGZÆ Mvwoi êGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi ˆjLwPGòi DÚ
‰KwU Mvwoi mgGqi mvG^ cÉvµ¦ êGMi QKwU wbÁ²i…c
mij îLvi XvGji mgvb|
mgq (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(6  0) ms1 6
êM (m/s) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 30 ˆmGKG´£i gynƒGZÆ îLvi Xvj = = m/s2
(30  0) s 30
K. Õ·±`b MwZ KvGK eGj? 1 = 0.2 m/s2
L. “AwfKlÆR Z½iY ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk” eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 myZivs, DÚ gynƒGZÆ MvwowUi êGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi 0.2 m/s2 A^Ævr
M. DóxcGKi MvwowU cÉ^g 1 wgwbU 10 ˆmGK´£ ci KZ `ƒiZ½ ZLb MvwowU 0.2 m/s2 mylg Z½iGY PjwQj|
AwZKÌg KGiGQ? wbYÆq KGiv| 3 cÉk² 108 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1
N. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi wfwîGZ êM-mgq ˆjLwPGòi mvnvGhÅ 30
ˆmGKG´£i gynƒGZÆ êGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 êM (m/s) 0 20 40 60 60 60 80 100
107 bs cÉGk²i Dîi mgq (sec) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
K chÆve†î MwZmÁ·®² ˆKvGbv eÕ§ hw` chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK mgq K. RoZv KvGK eGj? 1
ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ‰es evwK AGaÆK mgq ‰KBcG^ Zvi wecixZ L. mvgÅ I AmvgÅ eGji gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2
w`GK PGj ZGe Zvi MwZGK Õ·±`b MwZ eGj| M. cÉ `î DcvGîi AvGjvGK ˆjLwPò Aâb KGiv| 3
N. MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ êGMi cÉK‡wZ
L AwfKlÆR Z½iY nGjv AwfKGlÆi cÉfvGe gyÚfvGe co¯¦ eÕ§i
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
Z½iY hv ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk|
Avgiv Rvwb,
êGMi cwieZÆb miY K eÕ¦y wÕ©wZ ev MwZi ˆh AeÕ©vq AvGQ wPiKvj ˆm AeÕ©v eRvq
Z½iY = mgq = ivLGZ PvIqvi ˆh cÉeYZv ev agÆ ZvGK RoZv eGj|
mgq  mgq
Š`NÆÅ L mvgÅ I AmvgÅ eGji gGaÅ `ywU cv^ÆKÅ:
= mgq2 [ miY ‰K cÉKvi Š`NÆÅ]
mvgÅ ej AmvgÅ ej
A^Ævr ‰KvwaK ˆgŒwjK ivwki mg®¼Gq AwfKlÆR Z½iY ivwkwU cvIqv 1. ˆh ejàGjv ˆKvGbv eÕ§i 1. ˆh ejàGjv ˆKvGbv eÕ§i
hvq; ZvB AwfKlÆR Z½iY ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk| Ici wKÌqv KGi Ici wKÌqv KGi
M DóxcK AbymvGi, Mvwoi cÉv^wgK êM, u = 0 m/s mvgÅeÕ©vi (wÕ©wZ ev mvgÅeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ KGi bv
1 wgwbU 10 ˆmGK´£ A^Ævr 70s ci êM, v = 14 m/s mylg êM) m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGìGK AmvgÅ ej eGj|
‰GÞGò mgGqi mvG^ Mvwoi êM mylg nvGi e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| ZvGìGK mvgÅ ej eGj|
 `ƒiZ½, s =
u+v
t 2. ‰GÞGò wKÌqvkxj 2. ‰GÞGò wKÌqvkxj ejàGjvi
2
ejàGjvi jwº¬ kƒbÅ| jwº¬ kƒbÅ nq bv|
0 + 14
=
2
 70 3. mvgÅ ejmgƒGni wKÌqvq 3. AmvgÅ ejmgƒGni wKÌqvq
= 490 m (Ans.) eÕ§GZ Z½iY m†wÓ¡ nq bv| eÕ§GZ Z½iY m†wÓ¡ nq|
M cÉ`î DcvGîi AvGjvGK êM ebvg mgq ˆjLwPò AsKb Kiv 109 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
nGjv K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM hw` wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK memgq ‰KB nvGi evoGZ

^vGK ZvnGj ˆmB eÕ§i Z½iYGK mylg Z½iY eGj|
L ‰KwU we±`yi mvGcGÞ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i `ƒiGZ½i cwieZÆb bv nGjI
C AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆb nGZ cvGi| D`vniYÕ¼i…c, e†îvKvi cG^
100
cwiögYiZ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i ˆÞGò H e†Gîi ˆKG±`Êi mvGcGÞ `ƒiGZ½i
êM, v(m/s) 
80 ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv| wK¯§ w`GKi cwieZÆb nIqvq H eÕ§i

AeÕ©vb ˆfÙGii cwieZÆb nq, A^Ævr AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆb nq|
A
60
B M DóxcGKi ˆjLwPò-2 nGZ cvB, Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
40 10s cGi êM, v = 30m/s
DÚ ˆjLwPò weGkÏlY KGi ˆ`Lv hvq, cÉ^g 10s mgZ½iGY ‰es
20 cieZÆx 10s mgGeGM (v = 30m/s) PGj|
O
Avgiv Rvwb, cÉ^g t1 = 10 sec ‰i RbÅ
(0,0) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 u+v u = 0 m/s
s= t
mgq, t(s)  2 v = 30m/s
u+v
N cÉ`î Dcvî weGkÏlY KGi ˆ`Lv hvq, eÕ§wU cÉ^g 30s mgZ½iGY, ‰GÞGò, s1 = 3 t1
cieZÆx (50  30)s = 20s mgGeGM ‰es ˆkl (70  50)s = 20s 0 + 30
=  10
mgZ½iGY PGj| 2
cÉ^g 30s eÕ§i êM e†w«¬i nvi aË‚e ^vGK| = 150 M
vu Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s cieZÆx t2 = 10s mgqKvGj
eÕ§wU mgGeGM PGj s2 `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg
‰GÞGò Z½iY, a = t KiGj,
ˆklGeM, v = 60 m/s
60  0 s2 = vt2 = 30 m/s  10s = 300m
= mgq, t = 30s
30
2
myZivs, ˆjLwPò-2 ‰ 20s ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = s1 + s2
= 2 m/s = 150 m + 300 m
A^Ævr ‰ mgqKvGj eÕ§i êM cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 2 m/s cwigvGY e†w«¬ = 450 m (Ans.)
cvq| N ˆjLwPò-1 `ƒiZ½ ebvg mgq ‰es ˆjLwPò-2 êM ebvg mgq
Avevi, cieZÆx t = 30s ˆ^GK t = 50s chÆ¯¦ eÕ§i êM aË‚e ^vGK| ‰ ˆjL wbG`Æk KGi|
mgq aË‚e êM, v = 60 m/s| ˆjLwPò-1 ‰ OA Ask ‰KwU gƒjwe±`yMvgx mijGiLv| A^Ævr ‰B
ˆkl t = 50s ˆ^GK t = 70s chÆ¯¦ Avevi eÕ§i êM mgnvGi evoGZ AsGk mgGeM êvSvGbv nGqGQ| Aciw`GK, ˆjLwPò-2 ‰ OA
^vGK| A^Ævr mgZ½iGY PGj| AskwUI gƒjwe±`yMvgx mijGiLv| ZGe ‰wU êM ebvg mgq ˆjL
v  u
‰GÞGò Z½iY, a = t Avw`GeM, u = 60 m/s nIqvq DÚ AskwU mgZ½iY wbG`Æk KGi|
ˆklGeM, v = 100 m/s Avevi, ˆjLwPò-1 ‰i AB AsGk eÕ§i miY ev AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆb
100  60 mgq, t = (70  50)s = 20s
=
20 nq bv| ZvB ‰GÞGò eÕ§wUi êM kƒbÅ| Aciw`GK ˆjLwPò-2 ‰i
= 2 m/s2 AB AsGk eÕ§i êGMi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb bv nIqvq DÚ ˆÞGò ‰wU
A^Ævr ‰GÞGòI cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ eÕ§i êM 2 m/s cwigvGY e†w«¬ cvq| mgGeGM MwZkxj iGqGQ|
cÉk² 109 ewikvj êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1 cÉk² 110 mKj êvWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 1
‰KwU Mvox wÕ©iveÕ©vb nGZ hvòv ÷i‚ KGi 6 sec mgq chÆ¯¦ 2 m/s2
mylg Z½iGY Pjvi ci 1 min mg`Ë‚wZGZ PGj|
A B A B
20 30 K. g±`b Kx? 1
s (m) v (m/s)
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk| 2
M. mylg Z½iGY AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. hw` DóxcGKi mÁ·ƒYÆ `ƒiZ½ 2m/s mylg Z½iGY AwZKÌg
2
0 10 20 0 10 20 KiZ ZGe ˆgvU KZ mgq jvMZ? 4

t(s) t(s)
ˆjLwPò-1 ˆjLwPò-2
K. mylg Z½iY KvGK eGj? 1 K mgGqi mvG^ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM nËvGmi nviGK g±`b eGj|

L. ‰KwU we±`yi mvGcGÞ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i `ƒiGZ½i cwieZÆb bv L Avgiv Rvwb,

nGjI AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆb nGZ cvGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 êM miY
ej = fi  Z½iY = fi  = fi 
M. ˆjLwPò-2 ‰ 20s ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 mgq (mgq)2
N. ˆjLwPò-1 I ˆjLwPò-2 ‰i wewf®² AsGki MwZi ‰LvGb fi, miY ‰es mgq nGjv ˆgŒwjK ivwk| myZivs, ‰KvwaK
ZzjbvgƒjK AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 ˆgŒwjK ivwki mg¯¼Gq MwVZ nIqvq ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk|
M
 M

 mylg Z½iGY AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ s nGj, ‰LvGb, Mvwoi Avw`GeM, Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB,
1 u = 0 m/s
s = ut + at2 mylg Z½iY, a = t
vu Avw`GeM, u = 0 m s1
2 mylg Z½iGY Pjvi mgqKvj,
1 t = 6s
ˆklGeM, v = 60 m s1
= (0  6 +  2  62)m 60 m s1  0 m s1
2 mylg Z½iY, a = 2 m/s2 =
24 s mgq, t = 24 s
= 36m (Ans.)
= 2.5 m s2
N 1g 5 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, DóxcK Abyhvqx, 1
s5 = ut5 + at52
mylg Z½iGY AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = 36 m Mvwoi Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s 2
1
‰Lb, t1 mgq cGi êM v nGj, mylg Z½iGY Pjvi mgqKvj, = 0  5 s +  2.5 m s2  (5 s)2
2
v = u + at1 = (0 + 2  6) m/s t1 = 6 sec
= 31.25 m
= 12 m/s mylg Z½iY, a = 2 m/s2
 t2 mgGq AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ s1 nGj, mg`Ë‚wZGZ Pjvi mgqKvj, 1g 6 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
s1 = vt2 = (12  60) m = 720 m t2 = 1 min = 60 sec 1
s6 = ut6 + at62
 ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 = s + s1 = (36 + 720)m = 756 m 2
1
gGb Kwi, s2 `ƒiGZ½i cyGivUvB a mylg Z½iGY PjGj t3 mgq jvMGZv| = 0  6 s +  2.5 m s1  (6 s)2
2
1
 s2 = ut3 + 2 at32 = 45 m
1
ev, 756 = 0  t3 + 2  2  t32  6Ó¤ ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s6th = s6  s5 = (45  31.25) m
= 13.75 m (Ans.)
ev, 756 = t32 N DóxcGK cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wbGP êM  mgq ˆjLwPò

 t3 = 27.495 sec
AsKb Kiv nGjv|
AZ‰e, DóxcGKi mÁ·ƒYÆ `ƒiZ½ 2 m/s2 mylg Z½iGY AwZKÌg KiGj
v (ms1) A
ˆgvU 27.495 sec mgq jvMZ|
60
cÉk² 111 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1
50
êM m/s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 40
P
mgq s 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 30
K. gvòv KvGK eGj? 1 20
10
L. eÕ§i IRb c†wêxi wewf®² Õ©vGb wewf®² nq ˆKb eÅvLÅv M
Ki| 2 O
4 8 12 16 20 24 t (s)
M. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi AvGjvGK 6Ó¤ ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½
wbYÆq Ki| mgq (t) ˆK fzR ‰es êM (v) ˆK KwU aGi AswKZ ˆjLwPò ‰KwU
3
N. gƒjwe±`yMvgx mijGiLv OA| OA îLvi Dci ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU we±`y
cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK ˆjLwPò AsKb Ki ‰es ‰i Xvj
(Slope) wbYÆq Ki| P wbGq P ˆ^GK t AGÞi Dci PM jÁ¼ Uvbv nGjv|
4
111 bs cÉGk²i Dîi jÁ¼ PM 40 m s1
‰B ˆjLwPGòi Xvj = tan = = OM = 16 s = 2.5 m s2
f„wg
K ˆKvGbv ˆfŒZ ivwkGZ DcwÕ©Z ˆgŒwjK ivwkàGjvi mƒPKGK

ivwkwUi gvòv eGj| cÉk² 112 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2
L c†wêxi wewf®² Õ©vGb AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi gvb wewf®² eGj eÕ§i

IRb c†wêxi wewf®² Õ©vGb wewf®² nq|
R
GM Q
Avgiv Rvwb, AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = R2 | ˆhGnZz c†wêx mÁ·ƒYÆ P
80 m
ˆMvjvKvi bq, ˆgi‚ AçGj ‰KUzLvwb Pvcv ZvB f„c†GÓ¤i mKj P AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK ‰KwU cÉvBGfU Kvi 21 m/s mgGeGM ‰es Q
Õ©vGbi RbÅ c†wêxi eÅvmvaÆ (R) aË‚eK bq| ˆgi‚ AçGj c†wêxi AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK ‰KwU UÇvK wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ 2 m/s2 Z½iGY ‰KB
eÅvmvaÆ (R) meGPGq Kg eGj ˆmLvGb g ‰i gvb meGPGq êwk, dGj w`GK PjGQ|
ˆmLvGb eÕ§i IRb meGPGq êwk, Avevi, welyexq AçGj R ‰i gvb K. wcP Kx? 1
meGPGq êwk eGj ˆmLvGb g ‰i gvb meGPGq Kg| ‰ KviGY L. ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
welyexq AçGj eÕ§i IRb meGPGq Kg| ‰Qvov DœPZvi wKÌqv I M. UÇvKwUi 20 Zg ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
Avwn×K MwZi dGjI g ‰i gvGbi ZviZgÅ nIqvq eÕ§i IRGbi
N. Pjvi cG^ cÉvBGfU Kvi I UÇvKwU ciÕ·iGK KZevi AwZKÌg
ZviZgÅ nq|
KiGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
112 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉk² 113 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1
K Õ˜zMGRi Uzwc mÕ·ƒYÆ ‰Kevi ˆNvivGj ‰i hZUzKz miY NGU ev ‰KwU eÕ§ wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK Pjv ÷i‚ KGi mylg Z½iGY 5 ˆmGKG´£
ŠiwLK ˆÕ•j eivei ˆh Š`NÆÅ ‰wU AwZKÌg KGi ZvGK Õ˜zwUi wcP 50 wgUvi c^ AwZKÌg KGi|
eGj| K. Z½iY KvGK eGj? 1
L Avgiv Rvwb, L. mgGeGM Pjgvb eÕ§i Z½iY kƒbÅ ˆKb? 2
êM miY M. 15 ˆmGK´£ ci eÕ§wUi êM KZ nGe? 3
ej = fi  Z½iY = fi  = fi 
mgq (mgq)2 N. cieZÆx 30 wgUvi c^ AwZKÌg KiGZ eÕ§wUi KZ mgq
‰LvGb fi, miY (Š`NÆÅ) ‰es mgq nGjv ˆgŒwjK ivwk| myZivs jvMGe? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 4
‰KvwaK ˆgŒwjK ivwki mg¯¼Gq MwVZ nIqvq ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk| 113 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M K mgGqi mvG^ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êGMi cwieZÆGbi nviGK Z½iY eGj|
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Avw` êM u ‰es t mgq ci êM v nGj,
1
s = ut + at2 UÇvKwUi Avw`GeM,
2 u = 0 m/s Z¾iY, a = v  u
t
 20 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, ‰es Z½iY, a = 2 m/s2
1 wK¯§ mgGeGMi ˆÞGò v = u, myZivs
s1 = 0  20 s +  2 m/s2  (20 s)2 20 Zg ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦
2 uu
= 400 m `ƒiZ½, s20th = ? a=
t
=0
‰es 19 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, A^Ævr mgGeGM Pjgvb eÕ§i ˆÞGò êGMi cwieZÆb bv NUvq Z½iY
1
s2 = 0  19 s +  2 m/s2  (19 s)2 = 361 m
2
^vGK bv|
myZivs 20 Zg ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, M
s20th = s1 – s2 = 400 m – 361 m = 39 m (Ans.) Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
N awi, t mgq ci cÉvBGfU KviwU UÇvKwUGK AwZKÌg KiGe| 1
s = ut + at2 Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
2
ZvnGj t mgGq cÉvBGfU Kvi KZ‡ÆK ‰LvGb, P I Q AeÕ©vGbi gaÅeZÆx AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = 50 m
AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s1 = vt `ƒiZ½ = 80 m ev, 50 = 0  t + 1  a  52 mgq, t = 5 s
2
‰es UÇvK KZ‡ÆK AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, cÉvBGfU KviwUi mgGeM, Z½iY a = ?
1 v = 21 m/s ev, 50 = 25a
s2 = ut + at2 2
2 UÇvKwUi Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
1 ev, a = 4 m/s2
= at2 [ u = 0] ‰es Z½iY, a = 2 m/s2
2 myZivs t1 = 15 s cGi eÕ§wUi êM
kZÆvbymvGi, v = u + at1 = 0 + 4 m/s2  15 s
s1 = s2 + 80
= 60 m/s (Ans.)
1
ev, vt = at2 + 80
2 N
ev,
1
21t =  2t2 + 80 awi, cieZÆx 30 m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg ˆÌqv AvGQ,
2
KiGZ t1 mgGqi cÉGqvRb| eÕ§wUi Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
ev, t2  21t + 80 = 0
‰Lb, ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = 50 mgq, t = 5 s
ev, t2  16t  5t + 80 = 0 m + 30 m = 80 m
ev, t(t  16)  5(t  16) = 0 ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, Z½iY,
‰ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ cÉGqvRbxq a = 4 m s2
ev, (t  16) (t  5) = 0
mgq, t = 5 s + t1
 t = 5 s Aêv 16 s
MvwYwZK weGkÏlY ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, cÉvBGfU Kvi I UÇvK ciÕ·iGK Avgiv cvB,
1
5 s I 16 s ci `yBevi AwZKÌg KiGe| s = ut + at2
2
A^Ævr hvòv ÷i‚i 5s ci KviwU UÇvKGK AwZKÌg KiGe ‰es cieZÆx
(16  5)s = 11s ci UÇvKwU KviGK AwZKÌg KiGe| ev, 80 = 0  t + 1  4  t2
2
‰i…c NUvi KviY nGjv UÇvKwU wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ Pjv ÷i‚ KGi, ev, 80 = 2  (5 + t1)2
wK¯§ cÉ^gw`GK KvGii êM êwk ^vGK| ZvB t = 5 sec gynƒGZÆ KvGii
ev, (5 + t1)2 = 40
cGÞ UÇvKwUGK AwZKÌg Kiv mÁ¿e nq| wK¯§ cieZÆxGZ KviwU
mgGeGM PjGZ ^vKGjI Z½iGYi KviGY UÇvGKi êM KÌgk e†w«¬ ev, 5 + t1 = 6.324
ˆcGZ ^vGK| ZvB ‰KUv mgq ci (t = 16 sec gynƒGZÆ) UÇvKwU  t1 = 6.324 – 5 = 1.324 s
KviwUGK AwZKÌg KGi ˆhGZ mÞg nq| ‰ici hvb `ywU hZ mgq myZivs cieZÆx 30 wgUvi c^ AwZKÌg KiGZ eÕ§wUi 1.324 sec mgq
aGiB PjyK bv ˆKb, KviwU Avi UÇvKwUGK aiGZ mÞg nq bv| jvMGe|
cÉk² 114 XvKv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 1 cÉk² 115 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 1
mgq sec 0 8 16 24 32 40 48
‰KwU ÛÇb wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK hvòv ÷i‚ KGi mgZ½iGY 1 wgwbU
êM m/s 0 4 8 8 8 4 0 Pjvi ci 30m/s êM cÉvµ¦ nq| ‰ici ÛÇbwU mylg êGM PGj
DcGii PvGUÆ wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK ‰KwU Pj¯¦ Mvoxi wewf®² mgGqi 250m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg Kivi ci WÈvBfvi êËK Klj ‰es mylg g±`Gb
RbÅ êGMi gvGbi cwieZÆb ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| PGj 125m `ƒiGZ½ wMGq ˆ^Gg ˆMj|
K. gvòv KvGK eGj? 1 K. miY KvGK eGj? 1
L. ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ ejGZ Kx eyS? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 L. mij ˆ`vjGKi MwZ Õ·±`b MwZ ˆKb? 2
M. ÛÇbwUi cÉ^g 1 wgwbGU Z½iY wbYÆq Ki| 3
M. MvwowUi cÉ^g 32s ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. ÛÇbwUi mylg êGM I mylg g±`Gb Pjvi mgq ‰KB bv wf®²
N. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi AvGjvGK ˆjLwPò Aâb Ki ‰es ‰i nGe MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
wewf®² AsGki êGMi cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY Ki| 4 115 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
114 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ˆKvGbv eÕ§i AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆbGK miY eGj|
K ˆKvGbv ˆfŒZ ivwkGZ DcwÕ©Z ˆgŒwjK ivwkàGjvi mƒPKGK H
 L chÆve†î MwZmÁ·®² ˆKvGbv eÕ§ hw` chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK mgq
ivwkwUi gvòv eGj| ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ‰es evwK AGaÆK mgq ‰KB cG^ Zvi wecixZ
w`GK PGj ZGe ‰i MwZGK Õ·±`b MwZ eGj| mij ˆ`vjK Zvi
L mgGqi eÅeavb LyeB Þz`Ë nGj Pj¯¦ eÕ§i miGYi nviB
chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK mgq ‰K w`GK ‰es evwK AGaÆK mgq ‰KB
ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ| ˆhGKvGbv gynƒGZÆ ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ êi KiGZ nGj cG^ Zvi wecixZ w`GK MwZkxj nq eGj mij ˆ`vjGKi MwZ
AwZ AÍ¸ mgq eÅeavGb AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ RvbGZ nGe| Zvici ˆmB Õ·±`b MwZ|
`ƒiZ½GK mgq w`Gq fvM KGi ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ êi KiGZ nGe| M
Mvwoi wÕ·GWvwgUvi ˆ^GK Avgiv ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ ˆcGZ cvwi| ˆhgb: Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
mKvj 10 Uv 32 wgwbU 43 ˆmGKG´£i mgq ˆKvGbv Mvwoi ZvrÞwYK vu Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
a=
`Ë‚wZ RvbGZ nGj H mgGq MvwowUi wÕ·GWvwgUvGii cvV ˆ`LGZ t
ˆklGeM, v = 30 m/s
nGe| mswkÏÓ¡ cvVB nGe H mgGq MvwowUi ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ| =
30  0
= 0.5m/s2 (Ans.) mgq, t = 1 wgwbU = 60 ˆmGK´£
60
M MvwowU cÉ^g (16  0) = 16 ˆmGK´£ hver mgZ½iGY PGjGQ|
 Z½iY, a = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, N
s1 =
u+v
t Avw`GeM, u = 0 mylg êGMi ˆÞGò, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
2
ˆklGeM, v = 8 m/s s1 = vt1 mylg êM, v = 30m/s
0+8
=
2
 16 mgq, t = 16 sec s1 250
ev, t1 = = = 8.33 s mylg êGM AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
s1 = ? v 30
= 64 m s1 = 250m
cieZÆx 16 ˆmGK´£ MvwowU 8m/s mgGeGM PGjGQ| ‰B 16 ˆmGKG´£ mylg g±`Gbi ˆÞGò, mylg g±`Gbi ˆÞGò Avw`GeM,
u2 + v2
AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 = vt = 8  16 = 128m s2 =
2
 t2 u2 = v = 30m/s
 cÉ^g MvwowUi 32s ‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = (64 + 128)m 30 + 0 ˆklGeM, v2 = 0 m/s
= 192m (Ans.) ev, 125 = 2  t2 ‰es AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 = 125m
N cÉ`î Z^Å AbymvGi êM ebvg mgq ˆjLwPòwU wbÁ²i…c-
  t2 =
125  2
= 8.33 s mylg êGM Pjvi mgq, t1 = ?
30
v mylg g±`Gb Pjvi mgq, t2 = ?
A B
ˆhGnZz, t1 = t2, ˆm KviGY MvwowUi mylg êGM I mylg g±`Gb Pjvi
8 mgq ‰KB|
4 cÉk² 116 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 1

mvG`K ˆgvUi mvBGKj wbGq Zvi e®¬y w`cyi mvG^ AvGiK e®¬yi
C t evoxi DGóGkÅ êovGZ êi nGjv| ZvGì ˆgvUi mvBGKj wÕ©i
O 8 16 24 32 40 48 AeÕ©v ˆ^GK 10s ‰ 72kmh1 êMcÉvµ¦ nGjv; AZtci mgGeGM
2km c^ AwZKÌg KGi|
ˆjLwPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, Mvwoi êM ÷i‚GZ 0 m/s wQj (O we±`y)| K. miY KvGK eGj? 1
OA Ask wbG`Æk KGi cÉ^g 16 ˆmGK´£ chÆ¯¦ MvwowUi êM 0 m/s
L. êM I `Ë‚wZi gGaÅ `y’wU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2
ˆ^GK mylg nvGi e†w«¬ ˆcGq 8 m/s nGqGQ| AB îLv wbG`Æk KGi 16
M. mvG`GKi ˆgvUi mvBGKjwUi Z½iY wbYÆq Ki| 3
ˆ^GK 32 ˆmGK´£ chÆ¯¦ MvwowU 8 m/s mylg êGM MwZkxj wQj| BC
N. mvG`K DÚ Z½iGYi AGaÆK Z½iGY mgÕ¦ c^ PjGjI M¯¦GeÅ
îLv wbG`Æk KGi 32 ˆ^GK 48 ˆmGK´£ chÆ¯¦ MvwowUi êM 8 m/s ˆ^GK
AvGM ˆcuŒQZ  MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
mylg nvGi nËvm ˆcGq 0 m/s nGqGQ A^Ævr MvwowU ˆ^Gg hvq|
116 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉk² 117 wmGjU êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
K mgGqi mvG^ wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ˆKvGbv eÕ§i AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆbGK
 20m/s Avw`GeGM ‰KwU wKÌGKU ejGK gyKzj Lvov DcGii w`GK QyuGo
miY eGj| w`j| ‰KB mgGq 30m `ƒi ˆ^GK wbkvb 6m/s mgGeGM QyGU ‰Gm
L êM I `Ë‚wZi gGaÅ `ywU cv^ÆKÅ wbÁ²i…c: ejwU aiGZ ˆPÓ¡v Kij|
êM `Ë‚wZ K. wcP KvGK eGj? 1
(i) wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK eÕ§i (i) ˆhGKvGbv w`GK eÕ§i L. ÞgZv ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk  eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆGbi AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆGbi M. ejwU mGeÆvœP KZ DœPZvq DGVwQj? 3
nviGK êM eGj| nviGK `Ëw‚ Z eGj|
N. wbkvGbi cGÞ QyGU ejwU gvwUGZ covi cƒGeÆ aiv mÁ¿e wKbv
(ii) êM ‰KwU ˆfÙi ivwk| (ii) `Ë‚wZ ‰KwU ˆÕ•jvi ivwk|
MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4
M

Avgiv Rvwb, mvG`GKi ˆgvUi mvBGKGji,
K Õ˜z MGRi Uzwc ‰Kevi ˆNvivGj ‰i hZUzKz miY NGU ev ŠiwLK
a=
vu Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s ˆÕ•j eivei hZUzKz `ƒiZ½ ‰wU AwZKÌg KGi ZvGK Õ˜zwUi wcP
t
ˆklGeM, v = 72 kmh1 eGj|
20  0
= = 2 m/s2 (Ans.) 72  1000 m
10 = = 20 m/s L ÞgZv ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk| KviY, Avgiv Rvwb,
3600 s
mgq, t = 10s KvR ej  miY fi  Z½iY  miY
ÞgZv = mgq = mgq = mgq
Z½iY, a = ?
êM
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 fi  mgq  miY
Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s =
mgq
10 s cGi êM, v = 72 kmh1 = 20 m/s
miY
mgGeGM AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 = 2 km = 2000 m fi  mgq  miY
fi  (miY)2
u+v = (mgq) 2 = (mgq)3
mgZ½iGY AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ s1 = t t
0 + 20 A^Ævr ‰KvwaK ˆgŒwjK ivwki mg®¼Gq ÞgZv ivwkwU cvIqv hvq|
=  10 AZ‰e ÞgZv ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk|
2
= 100 m M

 ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = s1 + s2 ejwU DcGii w`GK wbGÞc KiGj ‰LvGb,
= (100 + 2000) m mGeÆvœP DœPZvq êM, v = 0 m/s wbGÞcY êM, u = 20 m/s
= 2100 m
‰Lb Avgiv Rvwb, AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
mgGeGM 2km ev 2000 m c^ AwZKÌGgi mgq t2 nGj,
DÍÏÁ¼ DcGii w`GK wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i ˆÞGò, ejwUi mGeÆvœP DœPZv, h = ?
s2 2000
t2 = = = 100 s v2 = u2 – 2gh
v 20
ev, (0m/s)2 = (20m/s)2 – 2  9.8m/s2  h
 DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ eÅeÕ©vq M¯¦GeÅ ˆcuŒQGZ ˆgvU mgq jvMGe,
t = (10 + 100) s = 110 s
ev, 0 = 400m2s–2 – 19.6m/s2  h
400m2s–2
Z½iY cƒGeÆvÚ gvGbi AGaÆK nGj, a1 = 2 = 1 m/s2 ev, h = 19.6ms–2
2
= 20.408m (Ans.)
DÚ Z½iGY M¯¦GeÅ ˆcuŒQGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq t1 nGj,
1 2 N ejwU Lvov DcGii w`GK wbGÞc Kivi ci mGeÆvœP DœPZvq DGV
s = ut1 + a1t1
2 Avevi f„wgGZ wdGi Avmv chÆ¯¦ kƒGbÅ ^vKGe|
ev, 2100 = 0  t1 + 1  1  t21 aiv hvK, kƒGbÅ ^vKvi mgq ev DìqbKvj T s
2
2  T s ci ejwUi miY, h = 0 m
t1
ev, 2100 = Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
2
2
ev, t1 = 2100  2
1 2
ev, h = uT – 2 gT ejwUi wbGÞcY êM, u = 20 m/s
 t1 = 64.8 s
‰es AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
1 2
ev, 0 = uT – 2 gT
ˆhGnZz, t1  t ˆmGnZz DÚ Z½iGYi AGaÆK Z½iGY mgÕ¦ c^ PjGjI
mvG`K M¯¦GeÅ AvGM ˆcuŒQGe| ev, 2uT = gT2
2u 2  20
ev, T = g = 9.8 =4.08 s
1
 s2 = ut2 + at22 weovGji miY,
2 s2 = 9m + 16m = 25m
1 1
‰es mgGeM, v = 6 m/s = 0  t2 + at22 = at22 Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
2 2
4.08 mgGq wbkvGbi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = 6  4.08 = 24.48 m 2s2 Z½iY, a = 0.02m/s2
ev, t2 = a
2
hv 30 m AGcÞv Kg| myZivs wbkvb ejwU aiGZ cviGe bv|
2s2 2  25m
 t2 = = = 50 sec
cÉk² 118 XvKv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1 a 0.02ms–2
ˆhGnZy 50 sec > 40 sec
A^Ævr t2 > t1
A 9m B 16 C myZivs Bu`yiwU AvGM C AeÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvGe, ZvB weovjwU ˆcuŒQvGbvi
cƒGeÆB Bu`yiwUi cGÞ i‚wUwU msMÉn Kiv mÁ¿e nGe|
C AeÕ©vGb iwÞZ i‚wU msMÉn Kivi RbÅ ‰KwU Bu`yi B AeÕ©vb cÉk² 119 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1
nGZ 0.4 m/s mgGeGM PjGQ| A AeÕ©vGb eGm ^vKv ‰KwU weovj
Bu`yiGK jÞÅ KiGjv ‰es Bu`yiwUi AvGMB i‚wUwU msMÉn Kivi RbÅ ˆKvGbv mgZj ivÕ¦vq wKQy mgq MwZkxj ‰KwU Mvwoi wewf®² mgGqi
0.02m/s2 mgZ½iGY ‰KB ivÕ¦v eivei QyUGZ ^vKGjv| êM wbGPi QGK ˆÌqv nGjv:
1 mgq t (wgwbU)
0 5 10 15 20 25
K. ˆgŒwjK ivwk KvGK eGj?
êM, v (wgUvi/ˆmGK´£) 2 4 6 6 4 0
L. “êGMi cwieZÆb bv nGj Z½iY ^vGK bv”@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
K. ˆfÙi ivwk KvGK eGj? 1
M. B AeÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvGZ weovjwU KZ êM cÉvµ¦ nGe? 3
L. ˆZvgvi IRb c†wêxi mKj ˆ`GkB mgvb nGe wK? eÅvLÅv
N. weovjwU ˆcuŒQvGbvi cƒGeÆB Bu`yiwUi cGÞ i‚wUwU msMÉn Kiv
Ki| 2
mÁ¿e nGe wK-bv Zv MvwYwZK weGkÏlY KGi gZvgZ `vI| 4
M. cÉ^g 10 wgwbGU MvwowUi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
118 bs cÉGk²i Dîi N. cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK êM-mgq ˆjLwPò Aâb KGi Zv
K ˆh mKj ivwk Õ¼vaxb ev wbiGcÞ, ˆhàGjv AbÅ ivwki Dci ˆ^GK MvwowUi MwZGeM mÁ·GKÆ gZvgZ `vI| 4
wbfÆi KGi bv eis AbÅvbÅ ivwk ‰Gì Dci wbfÆi KGi ZvGìGK
ˆgŒwjK ivwk eGj|
K ˆh me ˆfŒZ ivwki gvb I w`K `yB-B AvGQ ZvGìGK ˆfÙi
L mgGqi mvGcGÞ êGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi Z^v ‰KK mgGq
ivwk ev w`K ivwk eGj|
êGMi cwieZÆbB Z½iY|
L c†wêxi mKj ˆ`GkB Avgvi IRb mgvb nGe bv| Avgiv Rvwb
êGMi cwieZÆb v IRb W = mg, ‰LvGb, m = eÕ¦yi fi ‰es g = AwfKlÆR Z½iY|
A^Ævr Z½iY, a = mgq =
t
eÕ¦yi fi ‰KwU aË‚e ivwk; myZivs ˆKvGbv Õ©vGb eÕ¦yi IRb AwfKlÆR
êGMi cwieZÆb bv nGj, v = 0 GM
Z½iGYi Ici wbfÆikxj| Avevi g = R2 mgxKiGY G ‰es M aË‚e
0
ˆmGÞGò Z½iY, a = t = 0
ivwk A^Ævr g ‰i gvb f„-ˆK±`Ê nGZ H Õ©vGbi `ƒiGZ½i Dci wbfÆi
myZivs êGMi cwieZÆb bv nGj Z½iY ^vGK bv| KGi| myZivs ejv hvq f„-c†GÓ¤i ˆKvGbv ‰KwU Õ©vGb g ‰i gvb
M wbw`ÆÓ¡ wK¯¦y Õ©vbGfG` ‰i cwieZÆb NGU| A^Ævr c†wêxi meG`Gk g
Avgiv Rvwb ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰i gvb Avjv`v nIqvq ˆmLvGb Avgvi IRb mgvb nGe bv|
v2 = u2 + 2as weovGji Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s M

2 2
= (0m/s) + 2  0.02m/s  9m A nGZ B AeÕ©vGb ˆhGZ miY, Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
= 0.36 m2s–2 s = 9m 1
s = v0t + at2 Avw`GeM, v0 = 2m/s
 v = 0.36m2s–2 weovGji Z½iY, a = 0.02 m/s2 2
10 min ci êM, v10 = 6 m/s
= 0.6 m/s (Ans.) 1 4
B AeÕ©vGb weovjwUi êM = 2  600 + 
2 600
 (600)2 mgq, t = 10 min = 600s
Z^v ˆklGeM, v = ? = (1200 + 2  600) m êGMi cwieZÆb
N Bu`yGii mgGeM, v = 0.4m/s Z½iY = mgq
= 2400 m
‰es miY, s1 = 16m 6–2 4
= m/s2 = m/s2
600 600
myZivs C AeÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvGZ Bu`yGii t1 cwigvY mgq jvMGj, s1 =
vt1 ev, t1 = s1/v = 16m/0.4 m/s = 40 sec AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,s = ?
gGb Kwi, C AeÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvGZ weovGji t2 cwigvY mgq jvGM MvwowU cÉ^g 10 wgwbGU 2400m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe| (Ans.)
N
 cÉk² 120 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1
êM (ms1) wbGPi mviwYGZ Qq ˆmGK´£ cici ‰KwU eÕ§i AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ ˆÌqv
6 C D nGjv:
E
4 B mgq (s) `ƒiZ½ (m)
2 A 0 0
F
6 3
0 5 10 15 20 25
mgq (wgwbU) 12 6
18 9
wPò: êM-mgq ˆjLwPò
24 12
DcGii ˆjLwPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq Avw` AeÕ©vq MvwowU 2m/s êGM
30 15
PjGZwQj| A ˆ^GK C AeÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvGZ ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ Z½iY a =
1 36 18
150
m/s2 wKÌqv KGi ‰es C AeÕ©vGb MvwowUi êM nq 6m/s| ‰
K. AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi gvòv ˆjL| 1
mgGq MvwowU s1 = 2400m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi| cieZÆx 5 min ‰
MvwowU C ˆ^GK D AeÕ©vb ‰ ˆcŒQvq, ‰ AeÕ©vq MvwowUi ˆKvb L. co¯¦ eÕ§ mÁ·GKÆ MÅvwjwjI ‰i Z‡Zxq mƒòwU eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
Z½iY wQj bv ‰es ‰ mgGq M. mviwYGZ ewYÆZ MwZi RbÅ `ƒiZ½-mgq ˆjLwPòwU Aâb
MvwowU, s2 = vt = (6  300)m ‰LvGb, aË‚eGeM, v = 6m/s KGi, 20 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
= 1800m mgq, t = 5 min = 300 sec N. Amg êGMi RbÅ ˆ`LvI ˆh, mviwYi `ƒiZ½-mgq ˆjLwPGòi
`ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi| D ˆ^GK E chÆ¯¦ cG^ MvwowU mgg±`Gb PGj| ‰K weGkl gynƒGZÆi ˆh ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆGKi Xvj
‰ mgq MvwowUi êM nËvm ˆcGq 4m/s nq| H we±`yGZ êM wbG`Æk KGi| 4
(4 – 6)ms–1 2ms–1 1 120 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
 g±`b = 5 min
=–
300s
=–
150
m/s2
1 K AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi gvòv nGjv [g] = LT2|


‰ mgGq AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s3 = v0t + at2
2 L co¯¦ eÕ§ mÁ·GKÆ MÅvwjwjIi Z‡Zxq mƒòwU nGjv

1 1
= 6  300 +  –
2 ( )
150
 (300)2 wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ gyÚfvGe co¯¦ ˆKvGbv eÕ§ wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgqvG¯¦ ˆh
= (1800 – 300)m DÍÏÁ¼ DœPZv AwZKÌg KGi, Zv H mgGqi eGMÆi mgvbycvwZK|
= 1500m ‰ mƒòvbymvGi, wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ gyÚfvGe co¯¦ eÕ§ t1, t2, t3 ........
cieZÆx 5 min ‰ MvwowU E ˆ^GK F AeÕ©vGb mgg±`Gb ˆcŒQvq| F
mgqvG¯¦ h^vKÌGg h1, h2, h3 ......... DœPZv AwZKÌg KiGj,
AeÕ©vGb MvwowUi êM kƒbÅ|
h1 h2 h3
(0 – 4)ms–1 4 = = = ........... aË‚eK|
myZivs g±`b, a = 5 min
=–
300
m/s2 t12 t22 t32
1
= – m/s2
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ mviwY nGZ mgq I `ƒiGZ½i gvbmgƒn ewmGq
75
wbÁ²i…c ˆjLwPò cvIqv hvq :
‰ mgGq MvwowUi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
1
s4 = v0t + at2 Q
2
1 1
= 4  300 +  –
2 75 ( )  (300) 2
= (1200 – 600)m
= 600m
myZivs Mvwo KZÆ†K ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
s = (2400 + 1800 + 1500 + 600) m
= 6300 m
= 6.3 km
A^Ævr MvwowU 25 wgwbGU Zvi MwZcG^ ˆgvU 6.3 km `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg gGb Kwi, 20 s wbG`ÆkKvix we±`ywU nGjv M hv x-AÞGK H we±`yGZ
KGi| ˆQ` KGiGQ| M we±`yGZ OX-‰i Dci ‰KwU jÁ¼ Uvwb hv y-AGÞi
ˆgvU AwZKÌ v ¯¦ `ƒ iZ½ mgv¯¦ivj ‰es hv OQ îLvGK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| P nGZ y-
myZivs, MoGeM, –v =
ˆgvU mgq
AGÞi Dci PN jÁ¼ AuvwK| ˆjLwPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, 20 s mgGq
6.3 km
=
25 min
= 4.2 m/s eÕ§wU 10 m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi|
N
 121 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Y
D K AwZ AÍ¸ mgq eÅeavGb AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ I mgq eÅeavGbi

AbycvZGK H gynƒZÆKvGji ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ eGj|
miY (s)
A
P L Avgiv Rvwb, chÆve†î MwZmÁ·®² ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y hw` chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK
mgq ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ‰es evwK AGaÆK mgq ‰KB cG^ Zvi
B C
wecixZ w`GK PGj ZGe ‰i MwZGK Õ·±`b MwZ eGj| KÁ·Gbi mgq
E F X myikjvKvi ˆhGKvGbv evü KÁ·Gbi chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK mgq ˆhw`GK
mgq (t) Mgb KGi evwK AGaÆK mgq Zvi wecixZ w`GK Mgb KGi| dGj
Õ·±`b MwZi msævbymvGi, KÁ·bkxj myi kjvKvi MwZ Õ·±`b MwZ|
DcGii wPGò Amg êGM MwZkxj ‰KwU eÕ§i `ƒiZ½-mgq ˆjLwPò
ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| ˆhGnZz ‰GÞGò eÕ§wU mgvb mgGq mgvb `ƒiZ½  M iwdGKi msM†nxZ Dcvî ˆ^GK êM-mgq ˆjL wbÁ²i…c| t (mgq) AÞ
AwZKÌg KGi bv ZvB ˆjLwPòwU mijGiLv nGe bv, ‰wU ‰KwU eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi evüi Š`NÆÅGK `yB ‰KK aiv nGqGQ| v (MwZGeM)
eKÌGiLv nGe| ˆhGnZz ‰GÞGò eÕ§wU mylg êGM PjGQ bv, KvGRB AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi evüi Š`NÆÅGK Pvi ‰KK aiv nGqGQ|
MwZKvGji mKj gynƒGZÆ ‰i êM mgvb nq bv| aiv hvK, ˆKvGbv ‰K Y
weGkl gynƒGZÆ eÕ§wUi êM êi KiGZ nGe, hvGK eKÌ îLvwUGZ P 120
we±`y w`Gq wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| P we±`yGZ êM wbYÆq KiGZ nGj
AvgvGìGK ‰KwU AwZ Þz`Ë mgGKvYx wòfzR ABC weGePbv KiGZ 100
nGe hvi AwZfzR AB ‰Z Þz`Ë ˆh ‰wU P we±`yi AwZ mw®²KGU
80
eKÌGiLvi mvG^ KvhÆZ wgGj hvq| AbÅ K^vq, Avgiv ‰B eKÌGiLvi
‰KwU L´£vsk weGePbv KiwQ ˆhwU mijGiLv i…Gc MYÅ Kivi gGZv 60
hG^Ó¡ Þz`Ë|
AC «¼viv wbG`ÆwkZ `ƒiZ½ 40
ZvnGj P we±`yGZ êM = BC
«¼viv wbG`ÆwkZ mgq eÅeavb
20
AC
ev, v = BC
t
wK¯§ ‰Z ˆQvU wòfzR weGePbv KGi Zvi ˆ^GK cwigvc KGi mwVK 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
dj cvIqv gykwKj| ZvB Avgiv P we±`yGZ ED Õ·kÆK AuvwK ‰es
N cÉ^g t = 10 sec mgqKvGji RbÅ
ABC wòfzGRi m`†k wK¯§ AGcÞvK‡Z eo wòfzR DEF Aâb Kwi|
AC DF Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s ‰es ˆklGeM, v = 20 m/s
‰Lb, wòfzR ABC ‰es wòfzR DEF ˆ^GK cvB, BC = EF v–u
 cÉ^g 10 sec-‰i RbÅ Mo Z½iY, a = t
miY DF
êM, v = = ; wK¯§ DF/EF nGjv ED-‰i Xvj| 20ms–1 – 0ms–1
mgq EF = = 2m/s2
10sec
myZivs P we±`yGZ êM nGjv H we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆGKi Xvj| ZvB
ejv hvq, Amg êGMi RbÅ mviwYi `ƒiZ½-mgq ˆjLwPGòi ‰K A^Ævr t = 0 nGZ t = 10 sec chÆ¯¦ ˆjLwPGòi AsGki Xvj = 2m/s
2
weGkl gynGƒ ZÆi ˆhGKvGbv we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆGKi Xvj H we±`yGZ cGii t = 10 sec mgqKvGji RbÅ,
êM wbG`Æk KGi| Avw`GeM, u = 20m/s ‰es ˆklGeM, v = 40 m/s
v–u
cÉk² 121 wmGjU êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1 myZivs cieZÆx 10 sec-‰i RbÅ Mo Z½iY, a = t
iwdK hLb Zvi evevi MvwoGZ Õ•zGj hvwœQj ZLb ˆm Mvwoi =
40ms–1 – 20ms–1
wÕ·GWvwgUvi ˆ`GL 10s ci ci Mvwoi MwZGeM msMÉn KGi wbGPi 10sec
2
QGK wjwce«¬ Kij| = 2m/s
mgq t(s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 A^Æ v r t = 10 sec nGZ t = 20 sec chÆ ¯¦ ˆjLwPGòi AsGki Xvj =
MwZGeM 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2m/s | Abyi…Gc, cÉ`î mgq eÅewai ˆh ˆKvGbv AsGk ‰es gynƒGZÆ
2
v (m/s) Z½iGYi gvb 2m/s2 hv aË‚egvGbi|

K. ZvrÞwYK `Ë‚wZ KvGK eGj? 1 myZivs cÉvµ¦ ˆjLwPòwU mylg Z½iY wbG`Æk KGi| mylg Z½iY nIqvi
L. KÁ·bkxj myikjvKvi MwZGK Õ·±`b MwZ ejv nq ˆKb? 2 KviGYB ‘M’ AsGk v – t ˆjLwPòwU mijGiLv cvIqv wMGqGQ| ‰
M. iwdGKi msM†nxZ Dcvî ˆ^GK êM-mgq ˆjL AsKb Ki| 3
mijGiLvi ˆhGKvGbv AsGkiB Xvj (hv Z½iY wbG`Æk KGi) wbYÆq Kiv
N. cÉvµ¦ ˆjLwPòwU mylg Z½iY wbG`Æk KGi@ MvwYwZK hywÚi
4 ˆnvK bv ˆKb, Zv aË‚egvb (2m/s ) wbG`Æk KGi|
2
gvaÅGg eÅvLÅv Ki|
Z‡Zxq AaÅvq : ej
cÉk² 74 XvKv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1 ev, 5m/s2  s2 = 400 m2s2
400
s = m = 80 m
mvjgvb 400gm fGii ‰KwU wÕ©i dzUeGji Dci 2sec hver 5N ej 2 5
cÉGqvM KGi| dzUeGji AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 120m `ƒGi ùvwoGq ^vKv  dz U ej KZÆ†K ˆgvU AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½
kvwKGji w`GK ejwU MwoGq MwoGq ˆhGZ ^vGK| gvGVi NlÆY eGji s = s1 + s2 = 20 m + 80 m = 100 m < 120 m
A^Ævr, ejwU Zvi Avw` AeÕ©vb nGZ 120 m `ƒGi ^vKv kvwKGji
gvb 1N| AaÅvq 2 I 3 ‰i mg®¼Gq
KvGQ ˆcuŒQvGe bv|
K. miY KvGK eGj? 1
L. mylg `Ë‚wZGZ Pjgvb eÕ§i êM mylg bvI nGZ cvGi eÅvLÅv cÉk² 75 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1
KGiv| 2
M. ej cÉGqvGMi dGj dzUeGji Z½iY KZ nGqwQj? 3 m2 = 20 gm
N. dzUej kvwKGji KvGQ ˆcuŒQvGe wKbv? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 m1 = 10 gm
74 bs cÉGk²i Dîi h = 50 m
K wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ˆKvGbv eÕ§i AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆbGK miY eGj|

m1 eÕ§i KvhÆKix ej 0.078N ‰es m2 eÕ§i KvhÆKix ej 0.039N|
L Avgiv Rvwb, êM ‰KwU ˆfÙi ivwk| ‰i gvb I w`K DfqB
eÕ§ `y’wU ‰KB mgGq ˆQGo ˆ`qv nj|
we`Ågvb| ˆhGnZz ˆfÙi ivwki gvb Aêv w`K ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU AaÅvq 2 I 3 ‰i mg®¼Gq
cwieZÆb nGjB ˆfÙi ivwkwUI cwiewZÆZ nq| KvGRB mg`Ë‚wZGZ K. mvgÅ ej KvGK eGj? 1
Pjgvb ‰KwU eÕ§i MwZi w`K cwieZÆb nGj ‰i êGMiI cwieZÆb L. eÕ§i fi aË‚e nGjI IRb aË‚e bq eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
nq| M. m1 eÕ§i Ici evqyi NlÆY ej wbYÆq KGiv| 3
dGj mylg `Ë‚wZGZ Pjgvb eÕ§i êM mylg bvI nGZ cvGi| N. ˆKvb eÕ§wU AvGM f„wgGZ ˆcuŒQvGe? hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M dzUeGji Ici KvhÆKix ej, Fnet I Z½iY, a nGj, 75 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
a =
Fnet ‰LvGb, K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Dci ‰KvwaK ej wKÌqv KiGj hw` ejmgƒGni jwº¬
m
cÉGqvMK‡Z ej, F = 5N kƒbÅ nq A^Ævr eÕ§i ˆKvGbv Z½iY m†wÓ¡ bv nq, ZLb ˆhB ejàGjv ‰B
Ff
=
m NlÆ Y ej, f = 1N mvgÅveÕ©v m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGìGK mvgÅ ej eGj|
51 dzUeGji fi, m = 400 g = 0.4 kg L c†wêxi wewf®² Õ©vGb AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi gvb wewf®² eGj eÕ§i
=
0.4 IRb c†wêxi wewf®² Õ©vGb wewf®² nq| ˆhGnZz c†wêx mÁ·ƒYÆ
= 10 m/s2 (Ans.) ˆMvjvKvi bq, ˆgi‚ AçGj ‰KUzLvwb Pvcv ZvB c†wêxi eÅvmvaÆ (R)
N cÉ^g 2s ‰ dzUeGji mgiY aË‚eK bq| ˆgi‚ AçGj c†wêxi eÅvmvaÆ (R) meGPGq Kg eGj ˆmLvGb
1 2 g ‰i gvb meGPGq êwk| dGj ˆmLvGb eÕ§i IRb êwk| Avevi,
s1 = ut + at
2 welye AçGj R ‰i gvb meGPGq êwk eGj g ‰i gvb meGPGq Kg|
1
= 0  2 +  10  22
2
‰ KviGY welye AçGj eÕ§i IRb meGPGq Kg| ‰Qvov DœPZvi
= 20 m wKÌqv I Avwn×K MwZi dGjI g ‰i gvGbi ZviZgÅ nIqvi KviGY
2s ci dzUeGji êM, eÕ§i IRGbi ZviZgÅ nq|
v = u + at ‰LvGb, M

= (0 + 10  2) m/seGji fi, m = 400 g = 0.4 kg
= 20 m/s m1 = 10g
mgq, t = 2s
Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s 
W
‘M’ nGZ Z½iY, a = 10 m/s2
F
1s ci dzUeGji Dci wKÌqvkxj (NlÆY) ej, F = 1N
f 1 N m1 eÕ§i KvhÆKix ej, F nGj,
myZivs Z½iY, a = m = 0.4 kg =  2.5 m/s2 F=W ‰LvGb,
‰GÞGò dzUeGji Avw` êM u = v = 20 m/s ev, F = m1g   eÕ§i fi, m1 = 10g
ˆkl êM, v = 0 m/s ev,  = m1g  F = 0.01 kg
myZivs Avgiv cvB, ev,  = 0.01  9.8  0.078 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
v2 = u2 + 2 as2   = 0.02 N (Ans.) KvhÆKix ej, F = 0.078 N
ev, 0 = (20 m/s)2 + 2 (2.5 m/s)s2 NlÆY ej,  = ?
N m1 eÕ§i KvhÆKix Z½iY, a1 nGj,
 M êËK Pvcvi ci UÇvKwUi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,

a1 =
F1 ‰LvGb, u+v ‰LvGb,
m1 s= ×t
fi, m1 = 10g = 0.01kg 2
0.078 UÇvGKi Avw`GeM,
= eÕ§wUi Dci KvhÆKix ej, F1 = 0.078N 2.78 + 0
0.01 =
2
×5 u = 10 kmh1
2
= 7.8 m/s 10 × 1000
= 6.95 m (Ans.) = m/s
Avevi, m2 eÕ§i KvhÆKix Z½iY, a2 nGj, 3600
a2 =
F2 ‰LvGb, = 2.78 m/s
m2
fi, m2 = 20g = 0.02 kg UÇvGKi ˆklGeM, v = 0 m/s
0.039
=
0.02 eÕ§wUi Ici KvhÆKix ej, F2 = 0.039N miY, s = ?
= 1.95 m/s2 N Lvwj UÇvK I gvjmn UÇvKwUGK a g±`Gb ^vgvGZ h^vKÌGg Fe I
‰Lb, eÕ§«¼qGK ‰KB DœPZv nGZ ˆQGo w`Gj hw` m1 I m2 Fm evav`vbKvix ej cÉGqvRb nGj,
h^vKÌGg t1 I t2 mgq cGi f„wgGZ cwZZ nq, ZGe Fe mea ‰LvGb,
=
1 2 Fm mma
h = ut1 + a1t1
2 Lvwj UÇvGKi fi,
Fe me
1 ev, F = m me = 1500 kg
ev, 50 = 2  7.8  t21 m m
F 1500 15 gvjmn UÇvGKi fi,

100 ev, F e = 1900 = 19
ev, t21 = 7.8 m m = 1500 + 400
m
19 = 1900 kg
 t1 = 3.58 s  Fm = Fe = 1.27 Fe
15
1 2
h = ut2 + a2t2
2 A^Ævr, gvjmn UÇvKwUGK ^vgvGZ Lvwj UÇvK ^vgvGbvi Zzjbvq 1.27
1 àY evav`vbKvix ej cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| dGj ‰GÞGò, ˆRvGi êËK
ev, 50 = 2  1.95  t22
KlGZ nGe| gvj bv ^vKGj AviI Kg êËK cÉGqvGMB UÇvKwU ˆ^Gg
100
ev, t22 = 1.95 ˆhZ|
AZ‰e, UÇvKwU gvj êvSvB bv ^vKGj PvjK AvGiv mnGR UÇvKwU
 t2 = 7.16 s
^vgvGZ cviZ|
‰LGb, t1 < t2
cÉk² 76 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2 cÉk² 77 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2
10kmh1 êGM Pjgvb gvj êvSvB ‰KwU UÇvK îjjvBb ˆ^GK
10m `ƒGi ^vKv AeÕ©vq ‰KwU ÛÇb ˆhGZ ˆ`GL ZrÞYvr êËK A B C
KiGjb| dGj 5 sec ‰ UÇvKwU ˆ^Gg ˆMj| Lvwj UÇvK I gvGji fi

cyi‚Z½ 2 ˆm.wg cyi‚Z½ 3 ˆm.wg cyi‚Z½ 4 ˆm.wg
h^vKÌGg 1500kg I 400 kg| AaÅvq 2 I 3 ‰i mg®¼Gq
wPò : A, B, C wZbwU wf®² cyi‚GZ½i KvGVi ZÚv
K. MwZ KvGK eGj? 1
L. mƒGhÆi PZzw`ÆGK c†wêxi MwZ chÆvqe†î MwZ nGjI Õ·±`b MwZ 10 gm fiwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eyGjU 300 m/s êGM A, B, C ZÚvòGqi
bq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 cyi‚GZ½i mgwÓ¡i ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk cÉGek KGi êM AGaÆK nGq ˆMj|
AaÅvq 2 I 3 ‰i mg®¼Gq
M. êËK Pvcvi ci MvwowU KZ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi? wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. “UÇvKwU hw` gvj êvSvB bv ^vKZ ZvnGj PvjK AvGiv K. gnvKlÆ ej Kx? 1
mnGR UÇvKwU ^vgvGZ cviZ” hywÚmnKvGi weGkÏlY KGiv|4 L. NlÆY ej ˆKb Drc®² nq? 2
76 bs cÉGk²i Dîi M. evav`vbKvix eGji gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3
K cwicvGk¼Æi mvGcGÞ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i AeÕ©vb cwieZÆb KivGK MwZ eGj| N. eyGjUwU AewkÓ¡ cyi‚Z½ ˆf` KiGZ cviGe wKbv MvwYwZKfvGe
weGkÏlY KGi gZvgZ `vI| 4
L ˆKvGbv eÕ§ hw` Zvi MwZcGî ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡
77 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mgq cici ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK AwZKÌg KGi ZGe Zvi MwZGK
K gnvweGk¼i ˆh ˆKvGbv `ywU eÕ§i gaÅKvi cviÕ·wiK AvKlÆY
chÆvqe†î MwZ eGj| c†wêx mƒGhÆi Pviw`GK ˆNvivi mgq ‰i
ejGK gnvKlÆ ej eGj|
MwZcGî ˆhGKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cici ‰KB w`K
L Avgiv ˆKvGbv ZjGK hZB gm†Y ˆ`wL bv ˆKb AvmGj Zv
ˆ^GK AwZKÌg KGi eGj mƒGhÆi PZzw`ÆGK c†wêxi MwZ chÆvqe†î MwZ|
cyGivcywi gm†Y bq| ‰GZ AGbK DuPz wbPz LuvR AvGQ| hLb `ywU Zj
Avevi, chÆvqe†î MwZmÁ·®² ˆKvGbv eÕ§ hw` ‰i chÆvqKvGji AGaÆK
ciÕ·Gii msÕ·GkÆ AvGm ZLb Dfq ZvGji LuvRàGjv ciÕ·Gii
mgq wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK I evwK AGaÆK mgq cƒeÆMwZi wecixZ w`GK PGj mvG^ AvUGK hvq| Avevi, eÕ§«¼Gqi Õ·kÆ ZGji AYyàGjv ciÕ·iGK
ZGe ‰i…c MwZGK Õ·±`b MwZ eGj| wK¯§ mƒGhÆi PZzw`ÆGK c†wêxi| AvKlÆY KGi| ‰me KviGY Zj«¼Gqi AvGcwÞK MwZ evavMÉÕ¦ nq
dGj ‰wU chÆvqe†îMwZ nGjI Õ·±`b MwZ bq| A^Ævr NlÆY eGji Drcwî nq|
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, M Avgiv Rvwb,
 ‰LvGb,
eyGjUwUi fi, m = 10 gm = 1  102 kg v2 = u2 + 2as P eÕ§i Avw`GeM,
v2  u2 u = 0 m s1
A ZÚvi cƒiZ½ = 2 cm a=
2s ˆklGeM, v = 40 m s1
B ZÚvi cƒiZ½ = 3 cm
(40)2  (0)2
C ZÚvi cƒiZ½ = 4 cm = miY, s = 100 m
2  100
eyGjUwU ˆhGnZz A, B I C ZÚvòGqi cyiyGZ½i mgwÓ¡i ‰K Z‡Zxqvsk P eÕ§i fi, m = 5 kg
= 8 m s2
cÉGek KGi,  cÉhyÚ ej, NlÆY ej, F = 10 N
cÉhyÚ ej, F = ?
myZivs s = 1 (2 + 3 + 4) cm = 3 cm = 3  102 m F = ma + F
3 = 5 kg  8 m s2 + 10 N
eyGjGUi Avw`GeM, u = 300 m s 1
= 50 N (Ans.)
ˆklGeM, v = 1 (300 m s1) = 150 m s1 N Avgiv Rvwb,
 ‰LvGb,
2
s1 =
u+v
t s1 = 100 m miGYi RbÅ
êi KiGZ nGe, evav`vbKvix ej, F = ? 2 1 Avw`GeM, u = 0 m s1
g±`b, a = ? 0 + 40 m s1
=
2
t1 ˆklGeM, v = 40 m s1
Avgiv Rvwb, 1 mgq, t1 = ?
= 20 m s  t1
v2 = u2  2as
100 m
u2  v2 (300)2  (150)2  t1 = =5s
a= = m s2 = 1125000 m s2 20 m s1
2s 2  3  102
cÉhyÚ ej AcmviGYi ci eÕ§i Ici NlÆY ej wKÌqv KiGe, A^Ævr
Avevi, evav`vbKvix ej, F = ma = 1  102  1125000
= 11250 N (Ans.)
wKÌqvkxj ej, F = 10 N
F 10 N
N eyGjUwU 3 cm cÉGeGki ci mÁ·ƒYÆ ZÚv ˆf` KiGZ nGj AvGiv myZivs Z½iY, a = m = 5 kg =  2 m s
2

(9 – 3) cm = 6 cm ˆf` KiGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò, Avw`GeM, u = 40 m s1
‰GÞGò Avw` êM, u = 150 m/s ˆklGeM, v = 0 m s1
‰es g±`b, a = 1125000 m/s 2
ej AcmviGYi ci ˆ^GK ˆ^Gg hvIqv chÆ¯¦ mgq t2 nGj Avgiv cvB,
ˆkl êM, v = 0 m/s a=
vu
aiv hvK, eyGjUwU AviI s m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ cviGe| t2
0 m s1  40 m s1
Avgiv Rvwb,  t2 = 2
2 m s
v2 = u2  2as
= 20 s
u2  v2 (150)2  02
s=
2a
=
2  1125000
= 0.01 m = 1 cm  ˆgvU mgq, t = t1 + t2 = (5 + 20) s
= 25 s
A^Ævr eyGjUwU Avi 1 cm cÉGek KiGZ cviGe| myZivs eyGjUwU
myZivs, 100m AwZKÌg Kivi ci cÉhyÚ ej AcmviY KiGj eÕ§wU
AewkÓ¡ cyi‚Z½ ˆf` KiGZ cviGe bv|
cÉ^g ˆ^GK meÆGgvU 25 sec mgq ci ˆ^Gg hvGe|
cÉk²  78 hGkvi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2
cÉk² 79 ewikvj êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2
u = 0 m s1 v = 40 m s1
F 600 kg 500 kg
P P
100 m 12 m s1 P Q 10 m s1
P eÕ§i fi 5 kg 1.10 km
‰LvGb, NlÆY ej 10 N
K. co¯¦ eÕ§i 3q mƒòwU wjL| 1 hvòv ÷i‚i ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cGi P I Q Mvwo `ywUi gGaÅ msNlÆ
L. Še`yÅwZK cvLvi myBP e®¬ Kivi mvG^ mvG^ ˆ^Gg hvq bv nGjv ‰es wgwjZ êM 2 m s1 nGjv Q ‰i w`GK|
ˆKb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 K. mvgÅ ej Kx? 1
M. F wbYÆq KGiv| 3 L. eÕ§i AvKvGii Ici eGji cÉfve eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
N. 100 m AwZKÌg Kivi ci cÉhyÚ ej AcmviY KiGj eÕ§wU M. hvòv ÷i‚i KZ mgq ci P I Q Mvwo `ywU wgwjZ nGe? 3
cÉ^g ˆ^GK meÆGgvU KZ mgq ci ˆ^Gg hvGe? N. DóxcKwU fiGeGMi msiÞYkxjZv bxwZGK mg^Æb KiGjI
MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 MwZkwÚ msiwÞZ nqwb MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
78 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 79 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK webv evavq co¯¦ eÕ§ wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq ˆh `ƒiZ½ K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Dci ‰KvwaK ej wKÌqv KiGj hw` eGji jwº¬ kƒbÅ

(h) AwZKÌg KGi Zv H mgGqi (t) eGMÆi mgvbycvwZK A^Ævr h  t2| nq A^Ævr eÕ§i ˆKvGbv Z½iY m†wÓ¡ bv nq, ZLb ˆhB ejàGjv ‰B
L Še`yÅwZK cvLvi myBP e®¬ Kivi mvG^ mvG^ cvLvwU e®¬ nq bv| mvgÅveÕ©v m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGìGK mvgÅ ej eGj|
KviY MwZi RoZv aGgÆi KviGY MwZkxj eÕ§wU ‰i MwZ eRvq ivLvi L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Ici ej cÉGqvGMi dGj hw` ‰i MZxq AeÕ©vi
cÉeYZv ˆ`Lvq| dGj cvLvwU AvGiv wKQy mgq chÆ¯¦ ˆNvGi ‰es evqyi cwieZÆb bv nq ZGe ‰i AvKvi ev AvK‡wZi cwieZÆb nGZ cvGi| ˆhgb
evav I dÅvGbi kÅvdGUi NlÆGYi KviGY axGi axGi ˆ^Gg hvq| ‰KwU µÏvwÕ¡GKi Lvwj êvZj ˆRvGi ˆPGc aiGj `ygGo-gyPGo hvq, Aêv
‰KwU ivevi eviGK `ycÉv¯¦ aGi UvbGj Š`NÆÅ evGo I wPKb nGq hvq| ‰ 80 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
`ywU ˆÞGò ej cÉGqvGMi dGj ‰Gì AvKvGii cwieZÆb nGqGQ| K hLb ‰KwU eÕ§ AbÅ ‰KwU eÕ§ Z^v ZGji Dci w`Gq wcQwjGq
ˆKvGbv ˆKvGbv ˆÞGò eGji wKÌqvq eÕ§i AvKvi cwieZÆb Õ©vqx, ev NGl PjGZ ˆPÓ¡v KGi ev PGj ZLb ˆh NlÆGYi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK
Avevi ˆKvGbv ˆKvGbv ˆÞGò ÞYÕ©vqx nq| DcGii D`vniGY wcQjvGbv NlÆY ev wemcÆ NlÆY eGj|
µÏvwÕ¡GKi êvZGji Ici ˆ^GK ej AcmvwiZ nGj Zv Avi cƒGeÆi
AeÕ©v wdGi cvq bv A^Ævr cwieZÆb Õ©vqx nq| wK¯§ ivevi eviGK L mvgÅ I AmvgÅ eGji gGaÅ `ywU cv^ÆKÅ:

ˆQGo w`Gj Avevi cƒGeÆi AeÕ©v wdGi cvq| A^Ævr ivevGii AvKvGii mvgÅ ej AmvgÅ ej
cwieZÆb ÞYÕ©vqx| 1. ˆh ejàGjv ˆKvGbv eÕ§i 1. ˆh ejàGjv ˆKvGbv eÕ§i
Ici wKÌqv KGi Ici wKÌqv KGi
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, mvgÅeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ KGi mvgÅeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ KGi bv
P eÕ§i êM, vP = 12 m s1 ZvGìGK mvgÅ ej eGj| ZvGìGK AmvgÅ ej eGj|
Q eÕ§i êM, vQ = 10 m s1 [P ‰i êGMi wecixZ w`GK MwZkxj]
2. ‰GÞGò wKÌqvkxj 2. ‰GÞGò wKÌqvkxj ejàGjvi
P I Q ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ = 1.10 km = 1100 m
ejàGjvi jwº¬ kƒbÅ| jwº¬ kƒbÅ nq bv|
gGb Kwi, hvòv ÷i‚i t mgq ci P ˆ^GK x `ƒiGZ½ ‰iv ciÕ·i wgwjZ nGe|
‰ mgqKvGj, P KZ‡ÆK AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, x = vPt M

Q KZ‡ÆK AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, 1100  x = vQt Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
myZivs 1100 = vPt + vQt = (12 + 10) t = 22 t
1
s = ut + at2 UÇvKwUi Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
2 Z½iY, a = 0.2 m/s2
1100
t= s = 50 s (Ans.) 1
22 = 0  60 +  0.2  (60)2
2
mgqKvj, t = 60 s
N ˆÌqv AvGQ, P eÕ§i fi, m1 = 600 kg = 360m (Ans.) `ƒiZ½ (miY), s = ?
Q eÕ§i fi, m2 = 500 kg N ‰LvGb,
P eÕ§i Avw`GeM, u1 = 12 m s1 UÇvGKi Z½iY, a = 0.2 m/s2
Q eÕ§i Avw`GeM, u2 = 10 m s1 mgq, t = 60 s
P I Q eÕ§i wgwjZ êM, v = 2 m s1 Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
msNGlÆi cƒGeÆ ˆgvU fiGeM = m1u1 + m2u2 = 600  12 + 500(10) avØvi cƒGeÆ UÇvGKi êM, u1 = u + at
= 2200 kg m s1 = 0 + 0.2  60 = 12 m/s
msNGlÆi ci ˆgvU fiGeM = m1v + m2v = 600  2 + 500  2 Avevi,
= 2200 kg m s1 UÇvGKi fi, m1 = 600 kg
ˆhGnZz msNGlÆi cƒeÆ I cGii fiGeGMi mgwÓ¡ mgvb, ZvB ejv hvq, avØvi cƒGeÆ UÇvGKi êM, u1 = 12 m/s
‰ msNlÆ fiGeGMi msiÞYkxjZv bxwZGK mg^Æb KGi| avØvi ci UÇvGKi êM, v1 = 7.2 m/s
Avevi, wcKAvc fÅvGbi fi, m2 = 400 kg
1 1
msNGlÆi cƒGeÆ eÕ§«¼Gqi MwZkwÚi mgwÓ¡ = m1u1 + m2u2
2 2
avØvi cƒGeÆ êM, u2 = 0 m/s
2 2
1 1 avØvi cGi êM, v2 = 7.2 m/s
=  600  122 +  500  102 avØvi cƒGeÆ fiGeGMi mgwÓ¡ = m1u1 + m2u2
2 2
= 43200 J + 25000 J = 68200 J = 600  12 + 400  0
= 7200 kgm/s
‰es msNGlÆi ci MwZkwÚi mgwÓ¡ = 1 m1v2 + 1 m2v2
2 2 avØvi cGi fiGeGMi mgwÓ¡ = m1v1 + m2v2
1 1 = 600  7.2 + 400  7.2
=  600  22 +  500  22
2 2 = 7200 kgm/s
= 1200 J + 1000 J = 2200 J ˆhGnZz avØvi cƒGeÆ ‰es cGi UÇvK I wcKAvc fÅvGbi fiGeGMi
ˆhGnZz eÕ§«¼Gqi msNGlÆi cƒeÆ I cGii MwZkwÚi mgwÓ¡ mgvb bq, mgwÓ¡ mgvb, ZvB ‰GÞGò NUbvwU fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒò mg^Æb
ZvB ejv hvq, MwZkwÚ msiwÞZ nqwb| KGi|
cÉk² 80 hGkvi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 1 cÉk² 81 ewikvj êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK hvòv ÷i‚ KGi 600kg fGii ‰KwU UÇvK ‰KwU e±`yK ˆ^GK 10g fGii ‰KwU àwj 600ms-1 êGM wbMÆZ
0.2m/s2 mylg Z½iGY 60s Pjvi ci 400 kg fGii ‰KwU wÕ©i nIqvi mgq 2m/s êGM wcQGb avØv ˆ`q|
wcKAvc fÅvGbi mvG^ avØv ˆLGq AvUGK ‰KGò 7.2m/s êGM K. bƒÅbvâ Kx? 1
PjGZ ^vGK| wkLbdj-8 I 9 L. Õ˜z MGRi jwNÓ¤ MYb 0.01mm ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2
K. wcQjvGbv NlÆY Kx? 1 M. e±`yKwUi fi wbYÆq Ki| 3
L. mvgÅ I AmvgÅ eGji gGaÅ `ywU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2 N. Kx Kx eÅeÕ©v AejÁ¼b KGi e±`yKwUi cøvrGeGMi gvb
M. DóxcGKi UÇvKwU wcKAvc fÅvGbi mvG^ avØv LvIqvi AvGM AviI KgvGbv hvq? MvwYwZK hywÚmn AvGjvPbv Ki| 4
KZ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe wbYÆq Ki| 3 81 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N. DcGivÚ NUbv fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒòGK mg^Æb KGi wK? K Õ˜z-MGRi e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji gvò ‰K fvM NyivGj ‰i cÉv¯¦ ev

MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4 Õ˜zwU hZUzKz mGi AvGm ZvGK ejv nq hG¯ï bƒÅbvâ|
L Õ˜z-MGRi bƒÅbvâ ev jwNÓ¤ MYb 0.01 mm ejGZ eySvq, ‰i L NlÆY AvgvGì Š`bw±`b RxeGb AGbK mgmÅv m†wÓ¡ KiGjI PjvPj I
e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji gvò ‰K fvM NyivGj ‰i cÉv¯¦ ev Õ˜zwU 0.01 mm hvbevnb Pvjbvi RbÅ NlÆY ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| ˆhgb, Mvwoi
mGi AvGm| hw` ‰B hG¯ï e†îvKvi ˆÕ•Gji fvMmsLÅv 100 nq, Uvqvi ‰es ivÕ¦vi gaÅeZÆx NlÆY AvGQ eGjB Mvwo Pvjbv mÁ¿e nGqGQ|
ZGe wcP nGe 1 mm. eÕ§i MwZi Ici ivÕ¦vi gm†YZvi cÉfve AGbK êwk| ivÕ¦v gm†Y nGj
M DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 ivÕ¦vi hvbevnb PjvPj mnRZi nq ‰es ögY Avivg`vqK nq| ivÕ¦v hZ
àwji fi, m1 = 10g = 10  103 kg êwk gm†Y nGe evav`vbKvix NlÆY eGji gvbI ZZ Kg nGe| Mvwoi
àwji Avw`GeM, u1 = 0 m/s Uvqvi ‰es ivÕ¦vi gaÅeZÆx NlÆY eGji gvb UvqvGii ‰es ‰KB mvG^ ivÕ¦vi
àwji ˆkl êM, v1 = 600 m/s gm†YZvi Ici wbfÆi KGi|
e±`yGKi Avw`GeM, u2 = 0 m/s NlÆY eGji cwigvY AGbK KGg ˆMGj bvbv aiGbi mgmÅviI m†wÓ¡
e±`yGKi cøvr êM, v2 = 2m/s [àwji êGMi w`K nq| ZvB ivÕ¦vGK Lye êwk gm†Y KivI wVK bq| êËK nGœQ ‰gb
e±`yGKi fi, m2 = ? abvñK weGePbv KGi] ‰K eÅeÕ©v hv NlÆGYi cwigvY e†w«¬ KGi Mvwoi MwZ Z^v PvKvi
fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒòvbymvGi, NƒYÆbGK cÉGqvRb Abyhvqx wbq¯Ÿ KGi| ‰i gvaÅGg hvbevnbGK
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGb ^vgvGbv mÁ¿eci nq|
ev,10  103  0 + m2  0 = 10  103  600 + m2(2) M

ev,0 = 6  2m2 fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒòvbymvGi, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
ev,2m2 = 6 m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v + m2v MwZkxj UÇvGKi fi,
6
ev,m2 = v=
m1u1+ m2u2 m1 = 700kg
2 m1 + m2 wÕ©i UÇvGKi fi,
 m2 = 3 kg (Ans.) 700kg  20ms1 + 1300kg  0ms1 m2 = 1300kg
=
N awi, àwji fi = m1
 700kg + 1300kg
msNGlÆi cƒGeÆ, 1g UÇvGKi
= 7m/s (Ans.)
e±`yGKi fi = m2 MwZGeM, u1 = 20m/s
àwji Avw`GeM, u1 = 0 ‰es 2q UÇvGKi MwZGeM,
e±`yGKi Avw`GeM, u2 = 0 u2 = 0 m/s
àwji ˆkl êM = v1 UÇvK `yBwUi wgwjZ êM,
e±`yGKi cøvr êM = v2 v=?
Avgiv Rvwb, N gGb Kwi, m1 I m2 fGii `ywU eÕ§KYv ciÕ·Gii mvG^ msNGlÆ
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 wjµ¦ nq| ‰GÞGò eÕ§«¼Gqi Ici h^vKÌGg F1 I F2 ej cÉhyÚ nq|
ev, m1  0 + m2  0 = m1v1  m2v2 msNGlÆi cƒGeÆ eÕ§«¼Gqi êM h^vKÌGg u1 I u2 ‰es msNGlÆi cGi
ev, m1v1 + m2v2 = 0 ‰Gì êM h^vKÌGg v1 I v2| msNGlÆi wKÌqvKvj t|
ev, v2 =  m1v1 ............. (i) fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒòvbymvGi,
m2
m u +m u =m v +m v
(i) bs mgxKiY AbymvGi m1 ‰i gvb KgvGj ‰es/Aêv m2 ‰i gvb 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
ev, m1v1 m1u1 = m2u2  m2v2
evovGj e±`yGKi cøvrGeM KgGe| Avevi, v1 ‰i gvb KgGjI v2
ev, m (v1 – u1) =  m2 (v2 – u2)
‰i gvb KGg| v1 – u1 v2 – u2
AZ‰e, e±`yGKi cøvr êGMi gvb AviI KgvGZ nGj wbÁ²wjwLZ ev, m1 t = – m2. t
wZbwU eÅeÕ©vi ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU ev ‰KvwaK MÉnY KiGZ nGe| ev, m1a1 =  m2a2 [msNlÆKvGj eÕ§«¼Gqi Z½iY h^vKÌGg a1 I a2]
(i) àwji fi KgvGZ nGe ev, F1 =  F2, hv wbDUGbi MwZi Z‡Zxq mƒGòi MvwYwZK i…c|
(ii) e±`yGKi fi evovGZ nGe| ‰fvGe, fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒò wbDUGbi MwZi Z‡Zxq mƒòGK mg^Æb
(iii) àwji êM KgvGZ nGe| KGi|
cÉk² 82 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2 cÉk² 83 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1
700kg fGii ‰KwU MwZkxj UÇvK 20m/s êGM 1300kg fGii ZvbRyg 50g fGii ‰KwU cvîGK 60m/s êGM f„wgi mgv¯¦ivGj
‰KwU wÕ©wZkxj UÇvKGK avØv ˆ`q ‰es UÇvK `yBwU wgwjZ nGq wbGÞc KGi|
mvgGbi w`GK PjGZ ^vGK| K. gvòv KvGK eGj? 1
K. RoZv Kx? 1 L. 10N ej ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2
L. MwZi Dci NlÆGYi cÉfve eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 M. cvîwU hw` mgGeGM MwZkxj ^vGK ZGe 4s ‰ ‰wU KZ
M. UÇvK `yBwUi wgwjZ êM wbYÆq Ki| 3 `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi, Zv wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒò KxfvGe wbDUGbi Z‡Zxq mƒòGK N. 9N evav`vbKvix ej cÉGqvM KGi cvîwUGK 10m `ƒiGZ½
mg^Æb KGi, MvwYwZK hywÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4 ^vgvGbv mÁ¿e nGe wK? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gZvgZ `vI| 4
K eÕ§ MwZi ˆh AeÕ©vq AvGQ wPiKvj ˆm AeÕ©vq ^vKGZ PvIqvi 
K ˆKvGbv ˆfŒZ ivwkGZ DcwÕ©Z ˆgŒwjK ivwkàGjvi mƒPKGK ‰i
cÉeYZv ev ˆm AeÕ©v eRvq ivLGZ PvIqvi agÆB nGjv RoZv| gvòv eGj|
L 10N = 1 kg  10 m/s2 = 10 kg  1 m/s2
 N cvîwUi fi, m = 50g = 0.05 kg
myZivs 10N ej ejGZ êvSvq, ˆh cwigvY ej 1 kg fGii eÕ¦yi 9N evav`vbKvix ej cÉGqvM Kiv nGj cvîwUi g±`b nGe, a = F/m
Ici wKÌqv KGi ‰GZ 10m/s2 Z½iY m†wÓ¡ KGi ev, 10 kg fGii eÕ§i [ F = ma]
Ici wKÌqv KGi ZvGZ 1 m/s2 Z½iY m†wÓ¡ KGi| = 9N/0.05kg = 180 m/s2
cvîwUi Avw`GeM, u = 60 m/s
M
ˆklGeM, v = 0 m/s [ ˆ^Gg ˆMj]
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, ˆ^Gg hvIqvi AvM chÆ¯¦ s cwigvY `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGj,
1
s = ut + at2 cvîwUi Avw`GeM, u = 60 m/s v2 = u2 – 2as
2 ev, 2as = u2 – v2
1
Z½iY, a = 0 m/s2 [ mgGeM] u2 – v2 (60ms–1)2 – (0ms–1)2
= 60  4 +  0  (4)2 s= = = 10 m
2 mgqKvj, t = 4 sec 2a 2  180ms–2
= 240 + 0 `ƒiZ½ (miY), s = ? myZivs 9N evav`vbKvix ej cÉGqvM KGi cvîwUGK 10m `ƒiGZ½
= 240 m (Ans.) ^vgvGbv mÁ¿e nGe|
PZz^Æ AaÅvq : KvR, ÞgZv I kwÚ

cÉk²  121 gqgbwmsn êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8 cÉk²  122 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 3
kvgxg 10 kg fGii ‰KwU eÕ§GK 20 m DœPZvq wbGÞc Kivi RbÅ A
5 kg
‰KwU wÕ·És msMÉn KGiGQ| wÕ·ÉswUi Dci 800 J KvR Kivq Zv 8 B

60 m
cm msKzwPZ nGjv| wK¯§ wÕ·ÉswU eÕ§wUGK H DœPZvq wbGZ cvij C
AB = BC = CD
bv| ZLb kvgxg wÕ·ÉswUGK AvGiv msKzwPZ Kij ˆhb eÕ§wUGK H A D
DœPZvq wbGÞc KiGZ cvGi|

DcGii wPGò 5 kg fGii ‰KwU eÕ§ A we±`y ˆ^GK gyÚfvGe f„wgGZ
K. kwÚi wbZÅZv mƒòwU wjGLv| 1
coGQ|
L. fiGeM ‰es MwZkwÚi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. wÕ·ÉswUi Dci K‡ZKvR hw` eÕ§i Dci Kiv nq ZGe eÕ§wU K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1
L. wbDwKÑqvi kwÚGK AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ ejv nq ˆKb? 2
f„wgi mgv¯¦ivGj KZ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe Zv wbYÆq KGiv|
M. 3 ˆmGK´£ ci eÕ§wU f„wg ˆ^GK KZ DœPZvq ^vKGe? 3
[eÕ§i Dci cÉhyÚ ej 20 N] 3
N. A, B ‰es C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ mgvb nGe wK? MvwYwZK
N. wÕ·ÉswUGK KZUzKz msKzwPZ KiGj kvgxg eÕ§wUGK H
weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4
DœPZvq wbGÞc KiGZ cviGe? MvwYwZK weGkÏlY `vI| 4
K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK
K kwÚi m†wÓ¡ ev webvk ˆbB, kwÚ ˆKej ‰Ki…c ˆ^GK Aci ‰K H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj| A
ev ‰KvwaK i…Gc cwiewZÆZ nGZ cvGi| gnvweGk¼i ˆgvU kwÚi
L ˆh kwÚ ev R¾vjvwb bevqb Kiv hvq bv ‰es eÅenvGii mGã
cwigvY wbw`ÆÓ¡ I AcwieZÆbxq| A
mGã ‰i gRyZ KgGZ ^vGK ‰es mçq mxwgZ nGj ‰Kmgq
L eÕ§i fi I êGMi àYdjGK fiGeM eGj| eÕ§i fi m, êM v wbtGkl nGq hvq, ˆmB aiGbi kwÚGK AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ eGj| A
nGj fiGeM, P = mv| A wbDwKÑqvi kwÚi R¾vjvwb nGœQ BDGiwbqvg| ‰QvovI ˆZj, MÅvm,
Aciw`GK ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§ Zvi MwZi RbÅ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ Kqjv ev BDGiwbqvg eÅenvGii dGj axGi axGi ‰i gRyZ KGg
jvf KGi ZvGK MwZkwÚ eGj| hvGœQ| aviYv Kiv nq eo ˆRvo `yBkZ eQi ‰i gvGS ‰me R¾vjvbx
1 ˆkl nGq hvGe hvGì bevqb mÁ¿e bq| ZvB wbDwKÑqvi kwÚGK
Avgiv Rvwb, MwZkwÚ, T = 2 mv2
AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ ejv nq|
m  m  v2 u = 0 ms1 ‰LvGb,
=
2m
[je I niGK m «¼vi àY KGi] M Avgiv Rvwb, A
1 Avw`GeM, u = 0 ms1
(m)2 h = ut + gt2 h
=
2m
2 mgq, t = 3 sec
P 2 1
ev, h = 0 + 2  9.8  3 2 AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, h = ?
T=
2m h AwfKlÆR Z½iY,
 h = 44.1 m
‰wUB fiGeGMi mvG^ MwZkwÚi mÁ·KÆ| g = 9.8 ms2
 f„wg ˆ^GK DœPZv, h = 60  h
M 24(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|
A
ev, h = (60  44.1) m
N 24(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|  h = 15.9 m (Ans.)
N A we±`yi ˆÞGò, A ‰LvGb, 123 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
wefekwÚ, VA = mgh A we±`yGZ K wbDwKÑqvi wewKÌqvq wbMÆZ wbDUÇbGK ˆkvlY KGi wewKÌqvGK
= (5  9.8  60) DœPZv, h = AD = 60 m wbq¯Ÿ Kivi RbÅ wbDwKÑqvi wi-AÅvÙGi ˆh weGkl aiGbi iW
= 2940 J êM, vA = 0 ms1
1 eÅenvi Kiv nq ZvGK KG´ŸÈvj iW eGj| A
MwZkwÚ, TA = 2 mvA2 eÕ§i fi, m = 5 kg
L ej cÉGqvGM eÕ§i miY NUGj ˆmB ej ‰es miGYi àYdjGK
1
=  5  02 = 0 J
2 KvR ejv nq| A
A we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EA = VA + TA = 2940 + 0 = 2940 J hw` ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Dci ej cÉGqvGM eÕ§i eGji wecixZ w`GK miY
Avevi, B we±`yi ˆÞGò, ‰LvGb, NGU ZLb ZvGK FYvñK KvR ev eGji wei‚G«¬ KvR ejv nq| Lvov
wefekwÚ, VB = mgh B we±`yGZ Da»ÆgyLx wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i Dci K‡ZKvR FYvñK ev AwfKGlÆi wei‚G«¬
= (5  9.8  40) DœPZv, h = BD = 2  60 m = 40 m KvR| ‰QvovI FYvñK KvR ejGZ eÕ§ ˆ^GK kwÚ mwiGq
3
= 1960 J ˆbIqvGKI eySvGbv nq|
 AB = (60  40) m = 20 m
fi, m = 5 kg M ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK Lvov DcGii w`GK wbGÞc KiGj mGeÆvœP DœPZvq
B we±`yGZ êM vB nGj , vB2 = u2 + 2g(AB) eÕ§wUi cyGiv MwZkwÚ wefe kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| A
ev, vB2 = 2g  AB = 2  9.8  20 mGeÆvœP DœPZv, hmax nGj, ‰LvGb,
 vB = 392 = 14 2 ms1 Avgiv Rvwb, Avw`GeM, v = 30 ms1
2
1 1
MwZkwÚ, TB = 2 mv2 = 2  5  (14 2)
2
hmax =
v AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 ms2
2g
DœPZv, hmax = ?
 TB = 980 J (30)2
B we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EB = VB + TB = 1960 + 980 =
2  9.8
= 45.92 m (Ans.)
 EB = 2940 J
Avevi, C we±`yi ˆÞGò, ‰LvGb, N DóxcGK kwÚi Drm wnGmGe AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ (dwmj
wefekwÚ, VC = mgh C we±`yGZ R¾vjvwb) I bevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ (ˆmŒikwÚ) ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| A
= (5  9.8  20) DœPZv, h = CD = 1  60 m = 20 m AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ wnGmGe dwmj R¾vjvwb ev ˆZj, MÅvm ev KqjvGK
= 980 J 3 eySvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi| jÞ-ˆKvwU eQi AvGM MvQcvjv gvwUi wbGP
AC = (60  20) m = 40 m
Pvcv cGo ‰i…c aviY KGiGQ| gvwUi wbP ˆ^GK Kqjv, ˆZj, MÅvm
fi, m = 5 kg
DGîvjb Kivi ci ˆmàwjGK cwiGkvab KGi ˆcGUÇvj, wWGRj ev
C we±`yGZ êM vC nGj, vC2 = u2 + 2g(AC)
ˆKGivwmGb i…cv¯¦i Kiv nq| gvwUi wbGP wgG^b MÅvm (CH4) I
ev, vC2 = 2g (AC) = 2  9.8  40
mvG^ AbÅvbÅ MÅvm I RjxqevÓ· wgwkÉZ AeÕ©vq cvIqv hvq|
 vC = 784 = 28 ms1
1 1 ‰GìGK Avjv`v KGi eÅenvi DcGhvMx KGi ˆZvjv nq| ‰ aiGbi
 MwZkwÚ, TC = 2 mvC2 = 2  5  (28)2 kwÚi gRy` eÅenvGii mvG^ mvG^ axGi KGg hvGœQ ‰es ‰Kmgq
 TC = 1960 J wbtGkl nGq hvGe| ZvB ‰GìGK AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ wnGmGe
 C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EC = VC + TC = 980 + 1960 weGePbv Kiv nq|
 EC = 2940 J Aciw`GK mƒhÆ ˆ^GK cvIqv AvGjv Zvc ˆ^GK cÉwZ eMÆ wKGjvwgUvGi
 E A = EB = EC
cÉvq nvRvi ˆgMvIqvU kwÚ cvIqv hvq hv cÉvq wbDwKÑqvi
myZivs, A, B ‰es C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ mgvb nGe A^Ævr kwÚi kwÚGKG±`Êi mgvb| mƒGhÆi ‰ AvGjvK I Zvc kwÚGK i…cv¯¦i KGi
msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ eRvq ^vKGe| we`yÅrkwÚ Drc®² nGœQ ˆmvjvi cÅvGbGji mvnvGhÅ| ‰ aiGbi kwÚ
cÉk² 123 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4 eÅenvGii mvG^ mvG^ ˆkl nGq hvIqvi ˆKvb fq ˆbB, hv Avgiv
`†kÅKÍ¸-1: 2 kg fGii ‰KwU eÕ§GK 30 m/s êGM DcGii w`GK bevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ wnGmGe ˆRGbwQ|
QyGo w`Gj ‰wU ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ DœPZvq DGV| eÕ§wUi cyGiv MwZkwÚ ZGe ‰B kwÚi i…cv¯¦Gi cwiGeGki Dci wei…c cÉfve jÞÅYxq|
wefe kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nGe| dwmj R¾vjvbx ev ˆZj, MÅvm ‰es Kqjv cywoGq hLb ZvckwÚ ŠZix
`†kÅKÍ¸-2: Kiv nq ZLb CO2 MÅvm ŠZix nq hv ‰KwU wMÉbnvDm MÅvm| dGj
AbevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ (dwmj R¾vjvwb) Šewk¼K DúZv axGi axGi êGo PjGQ| wbÁ²vçj µÏvweZ nIqv I
kwÚi Drm K‡wlRwg jeYvÚ nIqvi mÁ¿ebv êGo hvGœQ| ‰QvovI wbDwKÑqvi
we`yÅrGK±`Ê nGZ CO2 wbtmiY, ˆZRwÕ˜q eRÆÅ wbtmiY- ‰me
bevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ (ˆmŒikwÚ)
K. KG´ŸÈvj iW KvGK eGj? 1 cwiGekGK SzuwKcƒYÆ KGi ZzjGQ|
L. KvR FYvñK nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 ZGe ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe cwiGeGki Dci bevqbGhvMÅ kwÚi wei…c
M. `†kÅKÍ¸-1 ‰ KZ DœPZvq DóxcGKi eÕ§wUi cyGiv MwZkwÚ cÉfve Kg nGjI Rjwe`yÅGZi RbÅ b`xGZ euva ˆÌqv weÕ¦xYÆ Açj
wefekwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nq? 3 µÏvweZ KGi cwiGeGki ÞwZ nGœQ| Aciw`GK evGai cieZÆx
N. `†kÅKÍ¸-2 ‰ DwÍÏwLZ kwÚi i…cv¯¦i eÅvLÅvcƒeÆK cwiGeGki ‰jvKvq ZxeË Livi m†wÓ¡ nIqvi mÁ¿ebv ŠZix nGœQ|
Dci kwÚi wei…c cÉfve mÁ·GKÆ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ eÅÚ cÉvK‡wZK ‰ kwÚàwjGK AvgvGì h^vh^ Dîg DcvGq eÅenvi KiGZ
KGiv| 4 nGe hvGZ cwiGeGki Dci ‰Gì wei…c cÉfve KgvGbv mÁ¿e nq|
cÉk²  124 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7 eZÆgvb KvhÆKi ÞgZv P2 nGj,
P2
‰KwU Zwor ˆgvUi 20 m Mfxi ˆ^GK 2 wgwbGU 1500 wjUvi cvwb 2 =
P
 100
ZzjGZ cvGi| Zwor ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv 60%| P2
ev, 75 = 4083.33  100
K. ‰K Ryj KvGK eGj? 1
L. wbDwKÑq wkKj wewKÌqv wPò ‰uGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 75  4083.33
ev, P2 = 100
M. Zwor ˆgvUGii KvhÆKi ÞgZv wbYÆq KGiv| 3
 P2 = 3062.5 W
N. Zwor ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv 15% e†w«¬ KiGj 1.5 wgwbGU eZÆgvb KvhÆKi ÞgZvq cvwb ZzjGZ mgq,
mgcwigvY cvwb ˆZvjv mÁ¿e wKbv Zv MvwYwZKfvGe W 294000
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 t= =
P2 3062.5
124 bs cÉGk²i Dîi  t = 96 s > 90 s ev, 1.5
wgwbU
AZ‰e, Zwor ˆgvUGii ÞgZv 15% e†w«¬ KGi 1.5 min ‰
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Dci ‰K wbDUb ej cÉGqvGMi dGj hw` eÕ§wUi
mgcwigvY cvwb ˆZvjv mÁ¿e bq| êwk mgq jvMGe|
eGji w`GK ‰K wgUvi miY nq ZGe mÁ·®² KvGRi cwigvYGK ‰K
Ryj eGj| A cÉk²  125 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4
L wbDwKÑq wewKÌqvq BDGiwbqvg 235 ‰KwU BGjKUÇb MÉnY KGi 30 m DuPz ‰KwU `vjvGbi QvGì Dci eGm ^vKv AeÕ©vq nVvr
AwÕ©wZkxj nGq hvq ‰es Kr92 I Ba141 `yGUv ˆQvU wbDwKÑqvGm fvM widvGZi nvZ –1ˆ^GK ‰KwU ej wbGP cGo ˆMj| ‰KB mgq f„wg ˆ^GK
nGq hvq| hvi mgxKiY : A mvw`K 10 ms êGM ‰KwU 0.2 gm fGii cvî, ej eivei DcGii
1 235 92 141 1 w`GK QyuGo w`j|  AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
0n + 92 U 36 Kr + 56 Ba + 30n K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1
mgxKiGYi `yBcvGk fiò‚wUi KviGY cÉPzi kwÚ Drc®² nq ‰es wbDUÇb L. DcGii w`GK wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i êM mylg bq@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
wZbwU cÉPí kwÚGZ êi nGq AvGm| hv AbÅ BDGiwbqvgGK AvNvZ M. mGeÆvœP DœPZvq cvîwUi wefekwÚ KZ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
KGi AvGiv wbDwUÇb êi KGi ‰es kwÚ Drc®² nq| ‰fvGe PjGZB N. f„wg Õ·kÆ Kivi cƒGeÆ cvî I eGji gGaÅ ˆKvGbv msNlÆ nGe
^vGK| ZvB ‰ cÉwKÌqvGK wkKj wewKÌqv ev ˆPBb wiqÅvKkb eGj| wKbv@ MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
141
235
Ba 125 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
U
K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK

On
n H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj| A
O kwÚ On L hw` ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§i êGMi gvb I w`K mgGqi mvG^
On AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK, ZGe Zvi êMGK mylg êM eGj| Lvov DcGii
w`GK wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i êM mylg bq| KviY êGMi gvb AwfKlÆR Z½iY
92 g ‰i cÉfvGe mgGqi mvG^ KgGZ ^vGK hwÌ êGMi w`K ‰KB
Kr
^vGK| ‰wU wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i êGMi mgxKiY, v = u  gt ˆ^GKI êvSv
M Avgiv Rvwb, A
 ‰LvGb,
hvq| Avw`GeM u = 30 ms1 nGj, A
W = mgh MfxiZv, h = 20 m
1s cGi êM, v1 = 30  9.8  1 = 20.2 ms1
ev, W = 1500  9.8  20 mgq, t = 2 min 2s cGi êM, v2 = 30  9.8  2 = 10.4 ms1
 W = 294000 J = 2  60 s = 120 s
cvwbi AvqZb, V = 1500 L myZivs ‰GÞGò eÕ§i êM KgGZ ^vGK A^Ævr mylg ^vGK bv|
KvhÆKi ÞgZv,
W cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3 M awi, cvîwUi f„wg ˆ^GK mGeÆvœP DœPZv H m A

P =
t
=
1000 kg
= 1 kg / L
294000 1000 L u2 (10)2 Avw`GeM, u = 10 ms1
ev, P = 120 H= =
cvwbi fi, m = V = 1 kg/L  1500 L 2g 2  9.8 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 ms2
 P = 2450 W (Ans.) = 1500 kg  H = 5.1 m
K‡ZKvR, W = ? ‰Lb, wefekwÚ, ‰LvGb,
KvhÆKi ÞgZv, P = ? V = mgH fi, m = 0.2 gm
= 2  10 4  9.8  5.1 0.2
N Avgiv Rvwb, A
 ‰LvGb, = 9.996  103J =
1000
kg = 2  10@4 kg
P1 ‘M’ nGZ cÉvµ¦ K‡ZKvR, W = 294000 J = 0.00996 J DœPZv h = 5.1 m
=  100 ‰es KvhÆKi ÞgZv, = 0.01 J (Ans.)
P
2450 P1 = 2450 W A
ev, 60 =  100 N awi, f„wg nGZ h m DœPZvq t s O ej
P cÉv^wgK KgÆ`ÞZv, 1 = 60% mgq ci B we±`yGZ cvî I eGji
2450 30h
ev, P=  100 ˆgvUGii ÞgZv, P = ? gGaÅ msNlÆ nGe A^Ævr cvî I ej
60 30 m B
‰KGò avØv LvGe| A h 10 ms1
 P = 4083.33 W cv^Gii ˆÞGò, t s ‰ miY, BC = h cvî
KgÆ`ÞZv 15% e†w«¬ KGi cÉvµ¦ KgÆ`ÞZv, 2 = 60% + 15% = 75% nGj, C
Avgiv Rvwb, h = ut  2 gt2

1 ‰LvGb, A AeÕ©vGb wefekwÚ, VA = mghmax
Avw`GeM, u = 10 ms1 B AeÕ©vGb wefekwÚ, VB = mghmin
1
ev, h = 10t  2 gt2 .........(1) miY, BC = h m 1
g = 9.8 ms2 B AeÕ©vGb MwZkwÚ, TB = 2 mv2
eGji ˆÞGò, t s ‰ miY AB = 30  h = x nGj,  kwÚi msiÞYkxjZv bxwZ Abyhvqx,
x = ut +
1 2
gt ‰LvGb, A we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ = B we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ
2 Avw`GeM, u = 0 ms1
1 g = 9.8 ms2
ev, VA = VB + TB
ev, 30  h = 0  t + 2 gt2
ev, mghmax = mghmin + TB
ev, 30  h = 12 gt2 ...............(2) ev, mg(hmax  hmin) = TB ‰LvGb,
(1) I (2) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,  TB = mg (hmax  hmin) fi, m = 50 gm = 0.05 kg
30 = 10t = 0.05  9.8 (hmax  0.1) hmin = 10 cm = 0.1 m
30 = 0.49 (hmax  0.1) J (Ans)
t= =3s
10
N ‘M’ ˆ^GK cvB, B we±`yGZ eÕ§i MwZkwÚ, A

(1) ‰ gvb ewmGq, TB = 0.49 (hmax  0.1)
1
h = 10  3   9.8  32 =  14.1 m 1
2 Avgiv Rvwb, MwZkwÚ, T = mv2
2
ˆhGnZz h FYvñK, myZivs ej I cvî f„wgi DcGi wgwjZ nGe bv|
A^Ævr, f„wg Õ·kÆ Kivi cƒGeÆ cvî I eGji gGaÅ ˆKvGbv msNlÆ nGe B we±`yGZ êM vB nGj,
bv| 1
mvB2 = 0.49 (hmax  0.1)
2
cÉk² 126 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4 1
ev, 2  0.05  vB2 = 0.49 (hmax  0.1)
0.49  2
ev, vB2 = 0.05 (hmax  0.1)
C ev, vB2 = 19.6 (hmax  0.1)

A B
hmax  vB = 19.6 (hmax  0.1) ms1
hmin = 10 cm
ˆhGnZz A I C we±`yGZ eÕ§wU weÕ¦vi AeÕ©vGb AvGQ; ‰RbÅ A I C
SzjvGbv eÕ§i fi 50 gm we±`yGZ ‰i MwZkwÚ kƒbÅ ‰es êMI kƒbÅ| myZivs vA = 0 ms1
 AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq ‰es v = 0 ms1
C
K. hvw¯¨K kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
myZivs, B we±`yGZ êM meGPGq êwk ‰es A I C we±`yGZ êM kƒbÅ|
L. ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ wÕ·ÉsGK hZ êwk msKzwPZ KiGZ PvI ZZ  v > v = v = 0
B A C
êwk kwÚi cÉGqvRb@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. B AeÕ©vGb eÕ§wUi MwZkwÚ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 cÉk²  127 wmGjU êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4
N. A, B, C we±`yGZ eÕ§i êGMi Zzjbv KGiv| 4 wPò ˆ`GLv ‰es wbGPi cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI:
K ˆKvb eÕ§i AeÕ©v wKsev AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆb ev MwZi KviGY

Zvi gGaÅ ˆh kwÚ wbwnZ ^vGK ev ˆh kwÚ jvf KGi ZvGK hvw¯¨K
kwÚ eGj| A
L wÕ·ÉsGK êwk msKzwPZ KiGj ‰i gGaÅ êwk wefekwÚ Rgv nq
KviY ZZ êwk KvR KiGZ nq| A
wÕ·És aË‚eK k nGj, ‰es ‰GK x m msKzwPZ KiGj wefekwÚ,
1
V = kx2
2 K. bevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
ˆhGnZz k aË‚eK,  wefekwÚ, V  x2 L. fi I kwÚi mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
A^Ævr wefekwÚ, mvgÅveÕ©vb ˆ^GK wÕ·És ‰i miGYi eGMÆi M. DcGi ewYÆZ kwÚ KxfvGe wbMÆZ nq@ eYÆbv KGiv| 3
mgvbycvwZK| N. ewYÆZ kwÚ eÅenvGi ÞwZKi cÉfve ‰es KxfvGe Avgiv
wÕ·ÉsGK mvgÅveÕ©vb ˆ^GK hZ msKzwPZ Kiv nq, wÕ·És ‰i cÉZÅvqbx ˆmàGjv ˆ^GK wbivc` ^vKGZ cvwi? eYÆbv KGiv| 4
eGji wei‚G«¬ ZZ êwk KvR KiGZ nq| ‰RbÅ wÕ·És ‰i gGaÅ
mwçZ wefe kwÚI êwk nq|
M ‰LvGb, A I C AeÕ©vbwU mij ˆ`vjGKi weÕ¦vi AeÕ©v| ZvB K ˆhme kwÚGK bevqb Kiv hvq A^Ævr cybivq eÅenvi Kiv hvq

‰LvGb MwZkwÚ kƒbÅ| ÷ay wefekwÚ we`Ågvb| A ‰es dzwiGq hvIqvi Avkâv ^vGK bv, ZvGK bevqbGhvMÅ kwÚ eGj|
wK¯§ B AeÕ©vwU mij ˆ`vjGKi mvgÅveÕ©vb, ZvB ‰LvGb wefekwÚ L wbDwKÑq wewKÌqvq c`v^Æ Z^v fi kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| AekÅ
I MwZkwÚ DfqB ^vKGe| wbDwKÑq wewKÌqvq ˆgvU fGii ˆKej ‰KwU Þz`Ëvsk kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ
nq| c`v^Æ kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nGj hw` E cwigvY kwÚ cvIqv hvq, L eÕ§i fi I êGMi àYdjGK fiGeM eGj| eÕ§i fi m, êM v
ZvnGj E = mc2 nGj fiGeM, P = mv| A
‰LvGb, m nGœQ kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ fi ‰es c nGœQ AvGjvi êM hv Aciw`GK ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§ Zvi MwZi RbÅ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ
3  108 ms–1 ‰i mgvb| A jvf KGi ZvGK MwZkwÚ eGj|
M DóxcGK ˆh kwÚi K^v ejv nGqGQ, Zv nj wbDwKÑq kwÚ| A 1
Avgiv Rvwb, MwZkwÚ, T = 2 mv2
wbDwKÑq kwÚ cÉavbZ eÕ§i fiGK kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦Gii D`vniY| hw` m
m  m  v2
kg fGii ˆKvb eÕ§GK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc kwÚGK i…cv¯¦i Kiv nq, ZvnGj =
2m
[je I niGK m «¼vi àY KGi]
cÉvµ¦ kwÚi cwigvY, E = mc2. (m) 2
235 =
wbDwKÑq kwÚGKG±`Ê ˆh R¾vjvwb eÅenvi Kiv nq, Zv nj BDGiwbqvg 92 U| 2m
P2
‰B BDGiwbqvg Lye mnGR 1 wU wbDUÇbGK MÉnY KGi AwÕ©wZkxj nGq T=
2m
92 141
hvq, ‰Uv ZLb 36 Kr ‰es 56 Ba ‰B `yGUv ˆQvU wbDwKÑqvm ‰es ‰wUB fiGeGMi mvG^ MwZkwÚi mÁ·KÆ|
AviI 3wU wbDUÇb êi nq| ‰GK wbDwKÑq wdkb eGj| M 24(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|
1 235 92 141 1
0 n + 92 U  36 Kr + 56 Ba + 30 n + kwÚ N 24(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|
‰B 3 wU wbDUÇb AviI 3 wU BDGiwbqvg ‰i mvG^ wbDwKÑq wdkb cÉk² 129 XvKv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
wewKÌqv KGi| ‰fvGe ‰wU ˆPBb AvKvGi PjGZ ^vGK| ‰GK ˆPBb-
wiAÅvKkb eGj| ‰fvGe wecyj cwigvY kwÚ cÉvq (200 MeV) wbMÆZ nq| 40kg fGii iwb wÕ©i AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 0.4 m/s mylg Z½iGY Õ•zGji
2
DGóGkÅ iIbv nGq 70s ‰ Õ•zGj ˆcuŒQvq| iwbi eo fvB Rwbi fi

N DóxcGK ewYÆZ kwÚ nj wbDwKÑq kwÚ| ‰B wbDwKÑq wewKÌqv
50kg ‰es ZvGì evwoi QvGì DœPZv 20m|
ˆ^GK ˆhgb cÉPzi kwÚ cvIqv hvq, ˆZgwb ‰Uv wbq¯Ÿ KiGZ bv  AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
cviGj AGbK ÞwZi KviY nGq ùvovq| A K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1
wbDwKÑq ev cvigvYweK we`yÅr ˆKG±`Êi myweavi cvkvcvwk AGbK
L. ‰KB DœPZvi Qv` ˆ^GK ˆdGj ˆÌqv ‰KB fGii 1wU ˆLvjv
Amyweav iGqGQ| wbDwKÑq R¾vjvwbi eRÆÅ AwZgvòvq ˆZRwÕ˜q| ‰B
KvMGRi Zzjbvq 1wU ˆgvPovGbv KvMR f„wgGZ AvGM ˆcuŒQvq
eRÆÅGK wbivcG` cwiYZ KiGZ nvRvi nvRvi eQi aGi msiÞY
KiGZ nq| ‰Qvov wbDwKÑq PzÍÏxGZ DœP Zvcgvòv I Pvc ŠZwi nq| ˆKb? 2
ZvB ‰GK ‰gb c`v^Æ w`Gq ŠZwi KiGZ nGe ˆhb Zv mnÅ KiGZ M. iwbi hvòvÕ©vb ˆ^GK Õ•z Gji `ƒ i Z½ wbYÆ q KGiv| 3
cvGi| bZzev ˆmvwfGqZ BDwbqGbi (eZÆgvb BDGKÌb) ˆPiGbvwej I N. iwbi K‡ZKvGRi mgvb cwigvY KvR KGi Rwb 10kg fGii
RvcvGbi dzKzwkgvi gZ `yNÆUbv NUGZ cvGi| eÕ§ wbGq QvG` ˆcuŒQvGZ cviGe wKbv? gZvgZ `vI| 4
‰ `yNUÆ bv ˆ^GK wbivc` ^vKvi RbÅ mveavbZv ìKvi| wbDwKÑqvi 129 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
wewKÌqvi ci ˆh evowZ wbDUÇb êi nq ˆmàGjv ˆKvGbvfvGe AbÅ  K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK
ˆKv^vI ˆkvlY KivGZ cviGjB wbDwKÑqvi wewKÌqv e®¬ nGq hvq| H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj|
wbDUÇbGK ˆkvlY Kivi RbÅ wbDwKÑqvi wi-AÅvÙGi KG´ŸÈvj iW ^vGK
L cÉevnx NlÆY ej c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdGji Dci wbfÆi KGi| ˆLvjv
hv w`Gq wbDUÇGbi cwigvY wbq¯Ÿ Kiv hvq| ZvB `Ë‚Z KvR KiGZ
mÞg ‰gb KG´ŸÈvj iW emvGZ nGe| PzwÍÏ enbKvix AeKvVvGgv KvMGRi c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj ˆgvPovGbv KvMR AGcÞv êwk| dGj
`†pfvGe wbgÆvY KiGZ nGe| ˆLvjv KvMR covi mgq AwaK cÉevnx NlÆY Abyfe KiGe|
‰ KviGY ˆgvPovGbv KvMGRi wbÁ²gyLx jwº¬ ej (IRb  evZvGmi
cÉk²  128 ewikvj êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4 evav) ˆLvjv KvMGRi Zzjbvq êwk nq, dGj Zv ˆLvjv KvMGRi
mygb 10 kg fGii ‰KwU eÕ§GK 20 m DœPZvq wbGÞc Kivi RbÅ Zzjbvq `ËZ ‚ f„wgGZ cwZZ nq|
‰KwU wÕ·És msMÉn KGiGQ| wÕ·ÉswUi Dci 800 J KvR Kivq 8 cm  M iwbi hvòvÕ©vb nGZ Õ•zGji `ƒiZ½ s nGj,
msKzwPZ nGjv, wK¯§ wÕ·ÉswU eÕ§wUGK H DœPZvq wbGZ cviGjv bv| 1 2 ‰LvGb,
ZLb wÕ·ÉswUGK AvGiv msKzwPZ Kij ˆhb eÕ§wUGK H DœPZvq s = ut + 2 at Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
wbGÞc KiGZ cvGi| 1
= 0 × 70 + × 0.4 × 702 mgq, t = 70s
K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1 2
= 980 m (Ans.) Z½iY, a = 0.4 m/s2
L. fiGeM ‰es MwZkwÚi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. wÕ·ÉswUi Dci K‡ZKvR hw` eÕ§i Dci Kiv nq ZGe eÕ§wU  N iwbi K‡ZKvR WR nGj,
f„wgi mgv¯¦ivGj KZ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGe wbYÆq KGiv| W R = Fs ‰LvGb,
[eÕ§i Dci cÉhyÚ ej 20 N] 3 = mas
iwbi fi, m = 40 kg
= 40 × 0.4 × 980
N. wÕ·ÉswUGK KZUzKz msKzwPZ KiGj mygb eÕ§wUGK H DœPZvq = 15680 J iwbi Z½iY, a = 0.4 m/s2
wbGÞc KiGZ cviGe? MvwYwZK weGkÏlY `vI| 4 ‘M’ nGZ miY, s = 980 m
128 bs cÉGk²i Dîi RwbGK 10 kg fGii eÕ§wU QvG` wbGq ˆhGZ nGj eÕ§wUi mvG^ ZvGK
K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK wbGRi fimn eÕ§wUGK DcGi ZzjGZ nGe|
H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj| A  Rwb WJ KvR KGi eÕ§wUGK h = 20m DœPZvq QvG` ZzjGj,
K‡ZKvR, WJ = wefe kwÚi ‰LvGb, mGeÆvœP DœPZvq MwZkwÚ, T1 = 0 J
cwieZÆb fi, m = 50 + 10 = 60 kg ‰es wefekwÚ, V1 = mgh
= mgh DœPZv, h = 20m = 20  9.8  40
= 60 × 9.8 × 20 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, = 7840 J
= 11760 J
g = 9.8 m/s2  mGeÆvœP DœPZvq ˆgvU kwÚ, E1 = T1 + V1
= 0 J + 7840 J
 WJ < WR = 7840 J
 Rwb iwbi K‡ZKvR AGcÞv Kg KvR KGiB 10kg fGii eÕ§wUGK Avevi, cZbKvGj cÉ^g 2s cGi eÕ§ KZ‡ÆK
QvG` ZzjGZ cviGe| 1
AwZKÌv¯¦ DÍÏÁ¼ `ƒiZ½, x = ut + 2 gt2
cÉk² 130 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3 1
= 0  2 +  9.8  22
2
20kg fGii ‰KwU eÕ§GK f„wg nGZ 40m DuPz Õ©vb ˆ^GK gyÚfvGe
= 19.6 m
ˆQGo ˆÌqv nGjv| DÚ mgqvG¯¦ f„wg nGZ eÕ§i DœPZv, h = 40  x
K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1 = (40  19.6) m
L. kwÚ I KvGRi ‰KK Awf®² ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 = 20.4 m
M. f„wg nGZ KZ DœPZvq wefekwÚ MwZkwÚi ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk Avevi, cZbKvGj cÉ^g 2s cGi eÕ§i êM, v = u + gt
nGe wbYÆq KGiv| 3 = 0 + 9.8  2
N. mGeÆvœP DœPZvq ‰es cZbKvGj cÉ^g 2 sec ci kwÚi = 19.6 m/s
1 2
msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ Abym†Z nGe wKbv? hywÚ «¼viv ˆZvgvi  t = 2 sec gynƒGZÆi MwZkwÚ, T2 = mv
2
gZvgZ weGkÏlY KGiv| (msGkvwaZ) 4 1
=  20  (19.6)2 = 3841.6 J
 wefekwÚ, V2 = mgh
= 20  9.8  20.4 = 3998.4 J
H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj|
‰es ˆgvU kwÚ, E2 = T2 + V2
L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i KvR Kivi mvg^ÆÅB nGœQ kwÚ| KvR Kiv gvGb = 3841.6 J + 3998.4 J = 7840 J
kwÚGK ‰K AeÕ©v ˆ^GK AbÅ AeÕ©vq i…cv¯¦wiZ Kiv| ‰GÞGò  E1 = E2
K‡ZKvR I i…cv¯¦wiZ kwÚi cwigvY mgvb| ‰i A^Æ nGœQ, eÕ§wU myZivs mGeÆvœP DœPZvq ‰es cZbKvGj cÉ^g 2 sec ci kwÚi
meÆGgvU ˆh cwigvY KvR KiGZ cvGi ZvB nGœQ ‰i kwÚ| ˆhGnZz, msiÞYkxjZv bxwZ Abym†Z nGe|
ˆKvGbv eÕ§i kwÚi cwigvc Kiv nq Zvi «¼viv mÁ·®² KvGRi cwigvY cÉk² 131 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
«¼viv, myZivs KvR I kwÚi ‰KK ‰KB ‰es Zv nGjv Ryj (J)|
1.96 kW ÞgZvi I 50% KgÆ`ÞZvi ‰KwU ˆgvUi 1 wgwbGU 20
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, wgUvi DœPZvq cvwb ZzjGZ mÞg| ˆgvUiwU bÓ¡ nIqvq mgcwigvY
eÕ§wUi f„wg nGZ Avw` DœPZv, h = 40 m cvwb H DœPZvq DVvGZ 48kg fGii ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ 20kg cvwb
eÕ§i fi, m = 20 kg aviYÞgZvi ˆKvGbv cvò wbGq 2 wgwbGU mgvb DœPZvq IGV| cvGòi
Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s fi 2kg|
awi, eÕ§wUi f„wg ˆ^GK x DœPZvq wefe kwÚ Zvi MwZkwÚi ‰K K. wefe kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
Z‡Zxqvsk nGe| L. wbDwKÑq wewKÌqv cwiGek ev®¬e bq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
1
cÉkg² GZ, V = 3 T M. mGeÆvœP DœPZvq cvwbcƒYÆ cvòmn eÅwÚi wefe kwÚ KZ
ev, 3V = T wbYÆq KGiv| 3
1 2 N. mgcwigvY cvwb ‰KwU bZzb ˆgvUi w`Gq 30s mgGq ZzjGZ
ev, 3mgx = 2 mv PvBGj ˆgvUi `ywUi KgÆ`ÞZvi cwieZÆb nGe wKbv
1
ev, 3mgx = 2 m {u + 2g (h – x)}
2 weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
1
ev, 3gx = 2  2 g (h – x) K ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK cwieZÆb KGi
ev, 3x = h – x AbÅ ˆKvGbv AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vGb AvbGj eÕ§ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ
ev, 4x = h ARÆb KGi ZvGK H eÕ§i wefekwÚ eGj|
h
ev, x = 4 L wbDwKÑqvi we`yÅrGKG±`Ê KveÆb WvB-AÝvBGWi wbtmiY nq bv, wK¯§
40 m wbDwKÑqvi eRÆÅ AZÅ¯¦ ˆZRwÕ˜q ‰es ‰Gì ˆZRwÕ˜qZvi gvòv
ev, x = 4 wbivc` gvòvq ˆcuŒQvGbvi RbÅ jÞ jÞ eQi msiÞY KiGZ nq ˆhwU
 x = 10 m (Ans.) cwiGeGki RbÅ SzuwKcƒYÆ| AvaywbK cÉhywÚi KviGY wbDwKÑqvi kwÚGK±`Ê
N ˆÌqv AvGQ, eÕ§wUi fi, m = 20 kg
 AGbK wbivc` nGjI gvGS gvGS gvbyGli fzj wKsev cÉvK‡wZK
Avw` DœPZv, h = 40 m `yGhÆvGMi KviGY ‰LvGb eo `yNÆUbv NGU gvivñK cwiGek wechÆq
eÕ§wUi Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s NUGQ| ‰me KviGY wbDwKÑq wewKÌqv cwiGek ev®¬e bq|
M ‰LvGb, cvòmn cvwbi fi, m1 = (20 + 2) kg = 22 kg A^Ævr ˆKvGbv hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv hZ êwk nGe ‰i jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ
eÅwÚi fi, m2 = 48 kg ZZ êwk nGe, ˆmGÞGò kwÚi AcPq Kg nGe| ZvB ejv hvq, jfÅ
DœPZv, h = 20m KvhÆKi kwÚ KgÆ`ÞZvi Ici wbfÆi KGi|
 wefekwÚ, V = (m1 + m2) gh M
= (22 + 48)  9.8  20 J
= 13720 J (Ans.)
iwnGgi mgGeM, ‰LvGb,
s 200 m
v1 = = = 2 m/s iwnGgi fi, m1 = 40 kg
N ‰LvGb, 1g ˆgvUGii ÞgZv, Pin = 1.96 kW = 1960 W t 100 s
AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = 200 m
1g ˆgvUGii `ÞZv,  = 50% = 0.5  ‰es AwRÆZ MwZkwÚ, mgq, t1 = 100 s
cvwb DGîvjGb cÉGqvRbxq mgq, t = 1 min = 60 s 1
T1 = mv2
2 1 1
KgÆ`ÞZv, 1 = 40% = 0.4
 KvhÆKi ÞgZv, Pout = Pin
= 0.5  1960W 1
=  40  22 = 80 J
= 980 W 2
aiv hvK, bZzbˆgvUGii ÞgZv Pin I KgÆ`ÞZv  ˆ`Œo ÷i‚ nevi KZ mgq ci iwng v1 êM Z^v T1 MwZkwÚ ARÆb
 KvhÆKi ÞgZv, Pout = Pin KGi, Zv Rvbv bv ^vKGj ÞgZv wbYÆq Kiv mÁ¿e bq| eÅwÚi
cvwb DGîvjGb cÉGqvRbxq mgq t nGj, KgÆ`ÞZv wbYÆGq cÉ`î kwÚ nGjv eÅwÚi kixGii AfÅ¯¦Gi Drc®²
mgh ivmvqwbK kwÚ hv MwZi mçvGi evGo ‰es evwK Ask Zvc wnGmGe
Pout =
t bÓ¡ nq| ‰B ZvGci dGjB ˆ`ŒovGbvi mgq AvgvGì Nvg SGo|
mgh
Pout =
t N ‰LvGb, KwiGgi fi, m2 = 80 kg

Pout t 60 mgq, t2 = 200s
 = = =2 s 200 m
Pout t 30
‰es êM, v2 = t = 200 s = 1 m/s
P 2
ev, P in = 2 1 1
in  KwiGgi AwRÆZ MwZkwÚ, T2 = 2 m2v22 = 2  80  12 = 40 J
P
ev,  = 2 Pin  ‘M’ nGZ cvB, iwnGgi AwRÆZ MwZkwÚ, T1 = 80 J
in
Pin
ev,  = P  100%; [  = 50%] jÞÅ Kwi, T1  T2; ‰es êM ARÆGbi mgq DGÍÏL bv KiGj ÞgZv
in wbYÆq mÁ¿e bq|
ˆhGnZz KgÆ`ÞZv KLGbvB 100% ev ‰i AwaK nGZ cvGi bv| ZvB,
Pin > Pin nGZ nGe| Pin ‰i gvb bv RvbGj `ÞZvI wbYÆq Kiv cÉk² 133 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
mÁ¿e bq| AZ‰e, 1.96 kW ‰i Zzjbvq êwk ÞgZvi ˆgvUi 1 kW ÞgZvi ‰KwU Bwéb «¼viv 100 kg cvwb 5 m DœPZvq ZzjGZ
1.96 10 s mgq jvGM| wkLbdj-3 I 12
eÅenvi KiGZ nGe ˆhb `ÞZv P  100% nq|
in
K. mvgÅ ej KvGK eGj? 1
cÉk² 132 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3 L. `ywU eÕ§GK ‰KB ej cÉGqvM KiGj êM mgvb nq bv eÅvLÅv
iwnGgi fi 40kg I KwiGgi fi 80 kg| Zviv DfGqB wbw`ÆÓ¡ KGiv| 2
AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 200 m ˆùŒo cÉwZGhvwMZv ÷i‚ KiGj h^vKÌGg 100 M. mÁ·ƒYÆ cvwb DGîvjb KiGZ K‡ZKvGRi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3
sec I 200 sec ci M¯¦GeÅ ˆcuŒQvq| cÉwZGhvwMZv ˆkGl ZvGì N. hw` mÁ·ƒYÆ cvwb DGîvjb KiGZ 2s mgq êwk jvGM ZGe
weævb wkÞK eGjb, “ˆZvgvGì `yRGbi ÞgZv wf®² nGjI, K‡ZKvR KgÆ`ÞZvi Kxi…c cwieZÆb nGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY
mgvb nGqGQ|” KGiv| 4
K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1 133 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L. jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ KgÆ`ÞZvi Ici wbfÆi KGi ˆKb? eÅvLÅv K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Dci ‰KvwaK ej wKÌqv KiGj hw` eGji jwº¬ kƒbÅ

KGiv| 2 nq A^Ævr eÕ§i ˆKvGbv Z½iY bv nq, ZLb ˆhB ejàGjv ‰B
M. 1g evjGKi KgÆ`ÞZv 40% nGj, ÞgZv KZ nGe wbYÆq mvgÅveÕ©v m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGìGK mvgÅ ej eGj|
KGiv| 3
N. weævb wkÞGKi DwÚwUi ˆhŒwÚK KviY wQj wK? ˆZvgvi L `ywU eÕ§GK ‰KB ej cÉGqvM KiGj ‰Gì êM mgvb nq bv|
gZvgZ `vI| 4 cÉhyÚ ej aË‚e ^vKGj ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Z½iY Z^v ZvrÞwYK êM H eÕ§i
132 bs cÉGk²i Dîi fGii Ici wbfÆi KiGe| ej cÉGqvGMi dGj ˆh eÕ§i fi hZ êwk
nGe ‰i êM ZZ Kg nGe| ZvB, wf®² fGii eÕ§i Dci ‰KB ej

cÉGqvM KiGj êM mgvb nq bv|
H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj|
M
L ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, cvwbi fi, m = 100 kg
H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj| W = mgh DœPZv, h = 5 m
jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ = 100  9.8  5
KgÆ`ÞZv = ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚ AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
= 4900 J (Ans.)
K‡ZKvR, W = ?
ev, jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ = KgÆ`ÞZv  ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚ
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, cÉ`î ÞgZv, P = 1 kW
 M 1g 20 sec MvwowU mgZ½iGY PGjGQ| ‰ mgGq-

= 1  103W vu ‰LvGb,
Z½iY, a = t
mgq, t = 10s Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
‘M’ Ask nGZ, KvGRi cwigvY, W = 4900 N (15  0)ms1
=
20 sec
ˆkl êM, v = 15 m/s
 Avgiv Rvwb, 2 mgq Kvj, t = 20 sec
= 0.75 m/s
KvGRi cwigvY W
KgÆ`ÞZv,  =  100% =  100%  1g 15 sec-‰ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
cÉ`î kwÚ Pt
1
4900 s = ut + at2
=  100% = 49% 2
1  103  10 1
Avevi, 2s mgq êwk jvMGj, t = (10 + 2) s = 0  15 +  0.75  152
2
= 12s = 84.375 m (Ans.)
W 4300
 KgÆ`ÞZv,  =  100% =  100% N MÉvdwUi Y AÞ DœPZv (h) wbG`Æk KiGj MÉvdwU nGe DœPZv (h)
P  t 1  103  12
= 40.833% ebvg mgq (t) ˆjL|
 BwébwUi KgÆ`ÞZv nËvm cvGe, 49% – 40.833% = 8.167% dGj ‰i Xvj «¼viv ˆhGKvGbv gynƒGZÆi êM wbG`ÆwkZ nq|
(15 – 0) m
cÉk² 134 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 1  OA AsGk êM, vOA = 20s
= 0.75 m/s
wbGÁ²vÚ wPòwU ‰KwU Mvwoi êM-mgq ˆjLwPò wbG`Æk KGi: wK¯§ AwfKlÆxq ˆÞGò eÕ§i Dci AwfKlÆR Z½iY KvR KGi, ZvB
Y mgGeGM Pjv mÁ¿e bq| myZivs, DóxcGKi MÉvdwUGK DœPZv (h)
ebvg mgq (t) ‰i ˆbIqvUv mÁ·ƒYÆ AGhŒwÚK| ZvB cÉvµ¦ Z^Å ˆ^GK
20 MwZkwÚ I wefekwÚi Zzjbv KivI wfwînxb|
A B cÉk² 135 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
v (ms1)
15
C D ‰KRb wKÌGKU êvjvGii cici `yBwU eGji MwZGeM h^vKÌGg 150

10
km/hour ‰es 154 km/hour| ejwUi fi 250 gm [g = 9.8 m/s2]
5  AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
K. gvòv KvGK eGj| 1
E
0 20 40 42 50 60 L. Mvwo êËK Kivi ciI ‰KUz mvgGb wMGq ^vGg ˆKb eÅvLÅv
 t (second) KGiv| 2
Mvwoi fi 2000 kg M. êvjvi ejwUGK DóxcGKi cÉ^g MwZGeGM Lvov DcGii
AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq w`GK QyoGj KZ DcGi DVGe? wbYÆq KGiv| 3
K. cÉmã KvVvGgv KvGK eGj? 1 N. DóxcGKi eGji Dfq MwZGeGMi ˆÞGò MwZkwÚ I
L. wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK mg`Ë‚wZGZ ‰KB `ƒiGZ½ ‰KwU cÉvBGfU Kvi I fiGeGMi AbycvZ ‰KB nGe wK? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY
‰KwU gvjevnx UÇvK ˆKvbwU ^vgvGbv KÓ¡mvaÅ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 KGiv| 4
M. DóxcGKi Mvwoi 1g 15 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq 135 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
KGiv| 3
K ˆKvGbv ˆfŒZ ivwkGZ DcwÕ©Z ˆgŒwjK ivwkàGjvi mƒPKGK H

N. hw` DóxcGKi MÉvdwUi Y AÞ DœPZv (‰KK wgUvGi)
ivwkwUi gvòv eGj|
wbG`Æk KGi ZvnGj DœPZv ebvg mgq ‰es êM ebvg mgq
ˆjLwPò«¼q ˆ^GK A, C, E we±`yGZ wefe I MwZkwÚi Zzjbv L êËK Kivi ciI Mvwo ‰i MwZ RoZvi RbÅ mvG^ mvG^ bv ˆ^Gg
KGiv| 4 wKQy`ƒi wMGq ^vGg| êËK Kivi cƒGeÆ Mvwo MwZkxj ^vGK| MwZkxj
134 bs cÉGk²i Dîi Mvwo Zvi MwZ eRvq ivLGZ PvIqvi cÉeYZv nGjv MwZ RoZv|
K ˆh `†p eÅeÕ©vi mvGcGÞ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i MwZ ev AeÕ©vb eYÆbv  M
Kiv nq ZvGK cÉmã KvVvGgv eGj| ejwU DcGii w`GK wbGÞc KiGj mGeÆvœP ‰LvGb,
L ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§i MwZ RoZv ‰i fiGeGMi mgvbycvwZK| DœPZvq êM, v = 0 m/s wbGÞcY êM,
UÇvK I Mvwo mgvb `Ë‚wZGZ MwZkxj nGj UÇvGKi fiGeM, Mvwoi ‰Lb Avgiv Rvwb, 5
u = 150  m/s
18
Zzjbvq ˆXi êwk nGe| ZvB UÇvGKi MwZ RoZvI Mvwoi Zzjbvq wbwÞµ¦ eÕ§i ˆÞGò, v = u – 2gh
2 2
= 41.67 m/s
êwk nGe| ‰ KviGY Mvwoi Zzjbvq UÇvKwUGK mgvb `ƒiGZ½ ^vgvGZ ev, (0m/s) = (41.67m/s) – 2  9.8m/s  h AwfKlÆR Z½iY,
2 2 2
êwk KÓ¡mvaÅ nGe| ev, 0 = 1736.39m2s–2 – 19.6m/s2  h

g = 9.8 m/s2 ejwUi
welqwU F = ma ‰es v = u  2as mƒò«¼q w`GqI eÅvLÅv Kiv hvq|
2 2  h = 88.6 m (Ans.)
mGeÆvœP DœPZv, h = ?
Dfq hvGbi ˆÞGò, u, v, s mgvb nIqvq a ‰i (g±`Gbi) gvbI
mgvb| ZvB F = ma mƒòvbyhvqx, UÇvGKi fi êwk nIqvq UÇvKwUGK N DóxcGKi eGji Dfq MwZGeGMi RbÅ MwZkwÚ h^vKÌGg T1 I
^vgvGZ êwk evavej cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| T2 ‰es fiGeM h^vKÌGg p1 I p2 nGj,
1
mv 2 N DóxcK nGZ, wZbwU ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv h^vKÌGg,
T2 2 2 mv22 m2 v22 1 = 35%, 2 = 40% ‰es 3 = 45%
= = =
T1 1 mv12 m2 v12
2
mv12 ˆgvUi wZbwUi cÉGZÅKwUi A¯¦gyLÆx ÞgZv, P = 0.5 kW
T2 (mv2)2 p22 = 500 W
ev, = =
T1 (mv1)2 p12 ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, UÅvsKwU cƒYÆ AeÕ©vq wefekwÚ = 52.5  103 J
T p
2
wZbwU ˆgvUi «¼viv UÅvsKwU cƒYÆ KiGj cÉGZÅK ˆÞGòB K‡ZKvR nGe
ev, T2 = p2
1 () 1 UÅvsKwU cƒYÆ AeÕ©vq cvwbi AwRÆZ wefekwÚi mgvb| A^Ævr cÉwZwU
 MwZkwÚ«¼Gqi AbycvZ fiGeM«¼Gqi eGMÆi AbycvGZi mgvb| ˆÞGòB K‡ZKvR nGe 52.5  103 J|
 
T2 p 2 UÅvsKwU cvwb cƒYÆ KiGZ 1g ˆgvUGii ˆÞGò, t1 = 5 min mgq jvGM|
T1 p 1
awi, 2q ˆgvUGii ˆÞGò t2 ‰es 3q ˆgvUGii ˆÞGò t3 mgq jvGM|
T T
ev, P2  P1 Avgiv Rvwb,
2 1
AZ‰e, eGji Dfq MwZGeGMi ˆÞGò MwZkwÚ I fiGeGMi AbycvZ K‡ZKvR
‰KB nGe bv| mgq
KgÆ`ÞZv = ÞgZv
cÉk² 136 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
K†ZKvR
wZbwU ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv h^vKÌGg 35%, 40% ‰es 45%| ZvGì ev, mgq = ÞgZv  KgÆ`ÞZv
cÉGZÅKwUi ÞgZv 0.5 kW| 1g ˆgvUGii mvnvGhÅ f„-c†Ó¤ nGZ 20 m
2q ˆgvUGii ˆÞGò,
DœPZvq ivLv UÅvsGK cvwb ZzjGZ 5 wgwbU mgq jvGM| 52.5  103
K. MwZkwÚ KvGK eGj? 1 t2 =
40
L. MwZkxj eÕ§i AwRÆZ MwZkwÚ êGMi mvG^ KxfvGe mÁ·wKÆZ? 500 
100
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 = 262.5 s
M. UÅvsKwUi cƒYÆ AeÕ©vq cvwbi AwRÆZ wefekwÚ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 = 4.375 min
N. wZbwU ˆgvUi w`Gq c†^KfvGe UÅvsKwU cƒYÆ KiGj, K‡Z 3q ˆgvUGii ˆÞGò,
KvGRi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe wK? ˆhŒwÚK gZvgZ `vI| 4 52.5  103
t3 =
500 
100
K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§ Zvi MwZi RbÅ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ jvf
 = 233.33 s
KGi ZvGK MwZkwÚ eGj| = 3.888 min
L aiv hvK, m fGii wÕ©i ‰KwU eÕ§i Ici F ej cÉGqvM Kivq myZivs wZbwU ˆgvUi w`Gq c†^KfvGe UÅvsKwU cƒYÆ KiGj K‡ZKvGRi
‰wU a Z½iGY PGj v êM cÉvµ¦ nj| ‰B mgGq eÕ§wU eGji w`K ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe bv| wK¯§ KgÆ`ÞZv wf®² nIqvq UÅvsKwU cƒYÆ
eivei s `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGjv| ZvnGj, ‰B êM w`GZ K‡ZKvRB KiGZ ˆgvUi wZbwUi wf®² wf®² mgq jvMGe| ‰GÞGò 1g ˆgvUGii 5
eÕ§GZ mwçZ MwZkwÚ| min, 2q ˆgvUGii 4.375 min ‰es 3q ˆgvUGii 3.888 min jvMGe|
 MwZkwÚ = K‡ZKvR cÉk² 137 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4
ev, T = F.s
= m.a.s................................(i) 120 m/s êGM ‰KwU eÕ§GK Lvov DcGii w`GK wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
Avevi, v2 = u2 + 2as 0.75 ˆmGK´£ ci Aci ‰KwU 500 gm fGii eÕ§GK ‰KBfvGe 150
= 2as ; [ u = 0] m/s êGM wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
v2 K. cwigvGci ‰KK KvGK eGj? 1
ev, a = 2s
L. co¯¦ eÕ§i Z‡Zxq mƒòwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
a ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB
M. meÆvwaK DœPZvq w«¼Zxq eÕ§wUi wefekwÚ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
v2 1
T = m. ()
2s
.s = mv2
2 N. ˆKvb eÕ§wU f„-c†GÓ¤ AvGM cwZZ nGe Zv MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi
 T  v2 [ fi, m = aË‚eK] gvaÅGg wbYÆq KGi ˆ`LvI| 4
AZ‰e, MwZkwÚ êGMi eGMÆi mgvbycvwZK| 137 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M
 K ˆKvGbv wKQy cwigvGci RbÅ M†nxZ Av`kÆ ev Õ¡Åv´£vWÆ cwigvYGK

Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, cwigvGci ‰KK eGj|
wefekwÚ 1g ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv, L co¯¦ eÕ§i Z‡Zxq mƒòwU nGjv
mgq  = 35%
wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ gyÚfvGe co¯¦ ˆKvGbv eÕ§ wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgqvG¯¦ ˆh
KgÆ`ÞZv,  = ÞgZv mgq, t = 5 min
= 300 s
DÍÏÁ¼ DœPZv AwZKÌg KGi, Zv H mgGqi eGMÆi mgvbycvwZK|
ev, wefekwÚ =   ÞgZv  mgq ÞgZv, P = 0.5 kW ‰ mƒòvbymvGi, wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ gyÚfvGe co¯¦ eÕ§ t1, t2, t3 ........
= 35%  500  300 = 500 W mgqvG¯¦ h^vKÌGg h1, h2, h3 ......... DœPZv AwZKÌg KiGj,
35
=  500  300 h1 h2 h3
100 = = = ........... aË‚eK|
t12 t22 t32
= 52.5  103 J (Ans.)
M mGeÆvœP DœPZvq w«¼Zxq eÕ§wUi êM kƒbÅ eGj MwZkwÚ kƒbÅ ‰es ‰ ej `yBwU a I b `yBwU wf®² eÕ§i Ici wKÌqv KGi|
QuyGo gvivi gƒüGZÆ f„wg AeÕ©vGb ‰i wefe kwÚ kƒbÅ|
kwÚi msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ nGZ, a  
b
F1 F2
mGeÆvœP DœPZvq wefe kwÚ = f„wgGZ wbGÞGci gƒüGZÆ MwZkwÚ
1
= mv2 ‰LvGb,
2 eÕ§i fi, m = 500 g
1 = 0.5 kg
=  0.5  (150)2
2
eÕ§i êM, v = 150 m/s M cÉ^g eÕ§wUi eGji NvZ,

= 5625 J (Ans.)
J = fiGeGMi cwieZÆb ‰LvGb,
N 1g eÕ§wUi DìqbKvj, t1 nGj wbGÞcGYi ci t1 mgqvG¯¦ f„wg = mv  mu eÕ§i fi, m = 8 kg
ˆ^GK eÕ§i DœPZv, h = 0 m nGe| = m (v  u) Avw`GeM, u = 15 m/s
1 = 8  (10  15)
 h = u1t1 – gt12 Pƒov¯¦ êM, v = 10 m/s
2 =  40 kgm/s (Ans.)
1 [Avw`GeM I P„ov¯¦ êGMi w`K
ev, 0 = u1t1 – 2gt12 ‰KB]
 t1 =
2u1 ‰LvGb, N
g eÕ§i wbGÞcY êM, u1 = 120 m/s
2  120
= AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 fiGeGMi msiÞY mƒò nGZ, cÉ^g eÕ§i fi, m1 = 8 kg
9.8
= 24.5 s m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 cÉ^g eÕ§i Avw`GeM, u1 = 15 m/s
Abyi…c, 2q eÕ§wUi DìqbKvj, ev, m2v2 = m1 (u1  v1) + m2u2 cÉ^g eÕ§i Pƒov¯¦ êM, v1 =10 m/s
t2 =
2u2 ‰LvGb,  v2 =
m1 (u1  v1) + m2u2 w«¼Zxq eÕ§i fi, m2 = 4 kg
g m2
2q eÕ§i wbGÞcY êM, u2 = 150 m/s w«¼Zxq eÕ§i Avw`GeM, u2 =10 m/s
2  150 8 (15  10) + 4  10
= AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 =
4 w«¼Zxq eÕ§i Pƒov¯¦ êM, v2 = ?
9.8
= 30.61 s = 20 m/s
 1g eÕ§wU wbGÞGci gynƒZÆ nGZ 2q eÕ§wUi f„wgGZ cZGbi gynƒGZÆi  msNGlÆi cƒGeÆ Mvwo«¼Gqi MwZkwÚ h^vKÌGg T1i I T2i nGj,
eÅeavb, t2 = t2 + 0.75 ˆgvU MwZkwÚ, Ti = T1i + T2i
= 30.61 + 0.75 1 1
= 31.36 s = m u 2+ m u 2
2 1 1 2 2 2
 t1 < t2 1 1
=  8  152 +  4  102
A^Ævr 1g eÕ§wU AvGM f„wgGZ coGe| 2 2
= 1100 J
Avevi, msNGlÆi cGi Mvwo«¼Gqi MwZkwÚ h^vKÌGg T1f I T2f nGj,
8 kg I 4 kg fGii `yBwU eÕ§ ‰KB mijGiLv eivei PjwQj| ˆgvU MwZkwÚ, Tf = T1f + T2f
DnvGì êM h^vKÌGg 15 m/s I 10 m/s wQj| ˆKvGbv ‰K mgq cÉ^g 1 1
= m v2+ m v2
eÕ§wU w«¼Zxq eÕ§wUGK avØv ˆ`q| dGj cÉ^g eÕ§i êM 10 m/s nq| 2 1 1 2 2 2
K. mvgÅej KvGK eGj? 1 1 1
=  8  102 +  4  202
2 2
L. wKÌqv I cÉwZwKÌqv ej meÆ`v wf®² eÕ§i Ici wKÌqvkxj
= 1200 J
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2  Ti  T f
M. cÉ^g eÕ§wUi eGji NvZ KZ? 3 A^Ævr, msNlÆwUGZ MwZkwÚ msiwÞZ nq bv|
N. DóxcGKi NUbvq MwZkwÚ msiwÞZ nq wK? MvwYwZK
weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4 cÉk² 139 mKj êvWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 2
138 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 250g fGii ‰KwU eÕ§GK 49m/s êGM Lvov DcGii w`GK wbGÞc
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Ici ‰KvwaK ej wKÌqv KiGj hw` ejmgƒGni jwº¬
 Kiv nj| AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
kƒbÅ nq A^Ævr eÕ§i ˆKvGbv Z½iY bv nq, ZLb ˆhB ejàGjv ‰B K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1
mvgÅveÕ©v m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGìGK mvgÅ ej eGj| L. f„-Zvcxq kwÚGK KxfvGe eÅenviGhvMÅ Kiv hvq? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. mGeÆvœP DœPZvq DVGZ eÕ§wUi KZ mgq jvMGe? 3
L wKÌqv I cÉwZwKÌqv ej memgqB `ywU wf®² eÕ§i Ici wKÌqv KGi
N. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wbGÞGci ÷i‚GZ eÕ§wUi ˆgvU kwÚ, mGeÆvœP
KLGbvB ‰KB eÕ§i Ici wKÌqv KGi bv| cÉwZwKÌqv ejwU ZZÞYB
DœPZvq ˆgvU kwÚi mgvb| 4
^vKGe hZÞY chÆ¯¦ wKÌqv ejwU ^vKGe| wKÌqv ˆ^Gg ˆMGj
cÉwZwKÌqvI ˆ^Gg hvGe| ‰ wKÌqv I cÉwZwKÌqv, eÕ§àGjvi mvgÅveÕ©vq
ev MwZkxj AeÕ©vq ^vKv ev ‰GK AcGii msÕ·GkÆ ^vKv ev bv  K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK
^vKvi Ici wbfÆikxj bq meÆòB eZÆgvb ^vGK| H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj|

aiv hvK, F1 nj cÉ^g eÕ§ a-‰i Ici w«¼Zxq eÕ§ b KZ‡ÆK cÉhyÚ ej  L f„-AfÅ¯¦Gii ZvcGK kwÚi Drm wnGmGe eÅenvi Kiv ˆhGZ
 cvGi| f„-AfÅ¯¦Gii MfxGi ZvGci cwigvY ‰Z êwk ˆh Zv
‰es F2 nj w«¼Zxq eÕ§ b-‰i Ici cÉ^g eÕ§ a KZ‡ÆK cÉhyÚ ej| wkjvLíGK MwjGq ˆdjGZ cvGi| ‰ MwjZ wkjvGK gÅvMgv eGj|
f„ZvwîK cwieZÆGbi dGj KLGbv KLGbv ‰B gÅvMgv DcGii w`GK cÉk² 140 XvKv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1
DGV AvGm hv f„-c†GÓ¤i LvwbK wbGP Rgv nq| ‰ mKj RvqMv nU 80 kg fGii ‰KwU nwiY 72 km h1 mylg êGM Pjvi mgq 75 m
Õ·U (Hot spot) bvGg cwiwPZ| f„-MfÆÕ© cvwb ‰ nU Õ·GUi ˆcQGb MvGQi AvovGj jywKGq ^vKv 200 kg fGii ‰KwU evN 1.5 m
msÕ·GkÆ ‰Gm evGÓ· cwiYZ nq| ‰B evÓ· f„-MGfÆ AvUKv cGo s2 mylg Z½iGY 30 s hveZ nwiYwUGK Zvov Kij|
hvq| nU Õ·GUi Dci MZÆ KGi cvBc XzwKGq DœP PvGci ‰B AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
evÓ·GK êi KGi Avbv hvq hv w`Gq UveÆvBb NywiGq we`yÅr Drcv`b K. RoZv Kx? 1
mÁ¿e| L. 50 N ej ejGZ Kx eyS? 2
M. ˆ`Œo ÷i‚i 10 s ci evNwUi MwZkwÚ wnmve Ki| 3
M N. evNwUi cGÞ nwiYwUGK aiv mÁ¿e nGe wK? MvwYwZK
mGeÆvœP DœPZvq DVGZ ‰LvGb, eÕ§wUi wbGÞcY êM, hywÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4
eÕ§wUi t mgq jvMGj, u = 49 m/s 140 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
v = u  gt mGeÆvœP DœPZvq eÕ§wUi êM,
K eÕ§ wÕ©wZ ev MwZi ˆh AeÕ©vq AvGQ wPiKvj ˆm AeÕ©vq
ev, 0 = u  gt v = 0 m/s
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s 2 ^vKGZ PvIqvi ˆh cÉeYZv ev agÆ ZvB eÕ§i RoZv|
ev, u = gt
u L 50 N ej ejGZ êvSvq
t=
g i. ˆh ej 1 kg fGii eÕ§i Ici cÉhyÚ nGq ZvGZ 50 m s2 Z½iY
=
49
sec
m†wÓ¡ KGi|
9.8 ii. ˆh ej 50 kg fGii eÕ§i Ici cÉhyÚ nGq ZvGZ 1 m s2 Z½iY
= 5 sec (Ans.) m†wÓ¡ KGi|
N wbGÞGci ÷i‚GZ eÕ§i DœPZv, h = 0 m ‰es êM, u = 49 m/s M
eÕ§i fi, m = 250 g = 250  103 kg Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
 wbGÞGci ÷i‚GZ eÕ§wUi wefe kwÚ, V1 = mgh v = u + at evGNi fi, m = 200 kg
= (250  103  9.8  0)J = 0 + 1.5  10 evGNi Z½iY, a = 1.5 m/s2
1
= 15 m s
=0J mgq, t = 10 s
1 Avevi,
‰es MwZkwÚ, T1 = 2 mu2 1 2 Avw`GeM, u = 0 m s1
T = mv
2 10 s ci êM, v = ?
1
= ( 2 )
 250  103  492 J 1
=
2
2
 200  15
‰es MwZkwÚ, T = ?
=300.125 J
= 22,500 J (Ans.)
 wbGÞGci ÷i‚GZ eÕ§wUi ˆgvU kwÚ, E = V1 + T1
= (0 + 300.125)J N
= 300.125 J Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB,
mGeÆvœP DœPZvq ZvrÞwYK êM, v = 0 mylg êGMi ˆÞGò, nwiGYi mylg êM,
 v2 = u2  2gh mƒò nGZ cvB, s1 = vt = 20  30 = 600 m v = 72 km h1 = 20 m s1
Avevi, evGNi Avw`GeM, u = 0 m s1
mGeÆvœP DœPZv, h = H nGj,
2 2 mylg Z½iGYi êjvq, ‰es mylg Z½iY, a = 1.5 m s2
0 = u  2gh
1
s2 = ut + at2 mgq, t = 30 s
ev, 2gH = u2 2
u2 492
nwiGYi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ = s1
1
H= =
2g 2  9.8 = 0  30 +  1.5  302
2
evGNi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ = s2
= 122.5 m = 675 m
 mGeÆvœP DœPZvq eÕ§wUi wefekwÚ, V2 = mgH nwiYwU aiGZ nGj evNwUGK ˆgvU ˆh `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ nGe Zv
= (250  10–3  9.8  122.5) J nGjv, s2 = 75 m + s1
= 300.125 J = 75 m + 600 m = 675 m
Avevi, mGeÆvœP DœPZvq eÕ§i êM, v = 0 m/s ‰LvGb, s2 = s2
1 AZ‰e, evNwUi cGÞ nwiYwUGK aiv mÁ¿e nGe|
 mGeÆvœP DœPZvq eÕ§wUi MwZkwÚ, T2 = mv2
2
1 cÉk² 141 XvKv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 7
= (  250  103  02) J
2
=0J
 mGeÆvœP DœPZvq eÕ§wUi ˆgvU kwÚ, E2 = V2 + T2
= (300.125 + 0)J
= 300.125 J
myZivs ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, E1 = E2
AZ‰e, wbGÞGci ÷i‚GZ eÕ§wUi ˆgvU kwÚ, mGeÆvœP DœPZvq ˆgvU
kwÚi mgvb| AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
K. MwZkwÚ KvGK eGj? 1 cÉk² 142 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6
A
L. abyGKi iwk ÛGb Zxi ˆQuvovi mgq KxfvGe kwÚi i…cv¯¦i fi 5 kg
NGU? eÅvLÅv `vI| 2
M. eÕ§wU KZ êGM f„wgGZ AvNvZ KiGe? wbYÆq Ki| 3 60 m B 1
AB = AC
4
N. B we±`y ˆ^GK eÕ§wUGK gyÚfvGe ˆQGo w`Gj eÕ§wU kwÚi C
msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ ˆgGb PGj MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki|4 eÕ§wUGK A AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK gyÚfvGe ˆQGo ˆ`qv nj|
141 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K. wefe kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§ Zvi MwZi RbÅ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ jvf L. evGqvgvmGK kwÚi eügyLx Drm wnmvGe weGePbv Kiv nq
KGi ZvGK MwZkwÚ eGj| ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
L abyGKi iwk Uvbvi mgq gvbyGli AvK‡wZi cwieZÆGbi KviGY M. f„wg ˆ^GK A we±`yGZ eÕ§wU DVvGZ hw` 2 wgwbU mgq jvGM
‰GZ wefekwÚ Rgv nq| ‰ici Zxi ˆQuvovi mgq abyGK mwçZ ZGe KZ ÞgZv cÉGqvM Kiv nGqwQj wbYÆq Ki| 3
wefekwÚ ZxGii MwZkwÚi mçvi KGi| ‰fvGe abyGKi iwk ÛGb N. B ‰es C we±`yGZ kwÚi msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ Abym†Z
Zxi ˆQuvovi mgq wefekwÚ MwZkwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| nGqwQj wKbv MvwYwZKfvGe gƒjÅvqb Ki| 4
M
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK cwieZÆb KGi

Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
AbÅ ˆKvGbv AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vGb AvbGj eÕ§wU KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ
v2 = u2 + 2gh DœPZv, h = 50 m ARÆb KGi ZvGK H eÕ§i wefekwÚ eGj|
= 0 + 2  9.8 m/s2  50 m AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
= 980 m s2 2 L evGqvgvm ejGZ ˆmBme ŠRe c`v^ÆGK êvSvq hvGìGK kwÚGZ
2 2
f„wgGZ AvNvZ Kivi mgq êM, i…cv¯¦wiZ Kiv hvq| gvbylmn AGbK cÉvYx Lv`Å wnGmGe evGqvgvm
 v = 980 m s v=?
= 31.30 m s1 (Ans.) MÉnY KGi ZvGK kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi RxeGbi KgÆKví mPj ivGL|
ŠRe c`v^Æmgƒn hvGìGK evGqvgvm kwÚi Drm wnGmGe eÅenvi Kiv
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,

hvq ˆmàGjv nGœQ MvQ-MvQvjx, R¾vjvbx KvV, KvGVi eRÆÅ, kmÅ,
eÕ§i fi, m = 40 kg avGbi Zzl I Kzov, jZv-cvZv, c÷-cvwLi gj, ˆcŒi eRÆÅ BZÅvw`|
A nGZ B we±`yi DœPZv, hB = 50 m ‰ KviGY evGqvgvmGK kwÚi eügyLx Drm wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq|
A nGZ C we±`yi DœPZv, hC = 30 m
M

C nGZ B we±`yi DœPZv, hBC = hB  hC = (50  30) m = 20 m Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2 P=
mgh f„wg ˆ^GK A we±`yi DœPZv,
t h = 60 m
B we±`yGZ eÕ§i êM, vB = 0 m s1
5 kg  9.8 m s2  60 m eÕ§i fi, m = 5 kg
B we±`yGZ wefekwÚ, VB = mgh = 40  9.8  50 J = 19600 J =
120 s
mgq, t = 2 wgwbU = 2  60 s = 120 s
1 = 24.5 W (Ans.)
‰es MwZkwÚ, TB = 2 mvB2 = 0 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
ÞgZv, P = ?
 B we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EB = VB + TB = 19600 J
C we±`yGZ eÕ§i êM, vC nGj,
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, AC = h = 60 m

1 1
vC2 = vB2 + 2ghBC = 0 + 2  9.8 m s2  20 m = 392 m2s2 AB = h1 = AC =  60 = 15 m
4 4
C we±`yGZ wefekwÚ, VC = mghC = 40  9.8  30 J = 11760J  BC = h2 = (AC  AB)
1 1 = h  h1 = 60 m  15 m = 45 m
‰es MwZkwÚ, TC = 2 mvC2 = 2  40  392 J = 7840J eÕ§i fi, m = 5 kg
 C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EC = VC + TC = 11760 J + 7840 J AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
= 19600J B we±`yGZ eÕ§i êM, vB nGj,
vB2 = vA2 + 2gh1 = 0 + 2  9.8 m s2  15 m = 294 (m s1)2
Avevi, A we±`yGZ eÕ§i êM vA nGj, 1 1
vA2 = vB2 + 2ghB = 0 + 2  9.8 m/s2  50 m = 980 m2s2 B we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ, TB = mvB2 =  5  294 J
2 2
A we±`yGZ wefekwÚ, VA = mg  0 = 0 J = 735 J
1 1 B we±`yGZ wefekwÚ, VB = mgh2 = 5  9.8 m s2  45 m
‰es MwZkwÚ, TA = 2 mvA2 = 2  40  980 J = 19600 J = 2205 J
B we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EB = TB + VB = 735 J + 2205 J
 A we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EA = VA + TA = 19600 J = 2940 J
ˆhGnZz, C we±`y Õ·kÆ Kivi cƒeÆ gynƒGZÆ êM, vC nGj,
EB = EC = EA vC2 = vA2 + 2gh = 0 + 2  9.8 m s2  60 m
AZ‰e, B we±`y ˆ^GK eÕ§wUGK gyÚfvGe ˆQGo w`Gj eÕ§wU kwÚi = 1176 (m s1)2
1 1
msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ ˆgGb PGj| C we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ, TC = mvC2 =  5  1176 J
2 2
= 2940 J = m1 (gf) h1
C we±`yGZ wefekwÚ, VC = mg  0 = 0 J = 1 × (9.8  6.534) × 2J
 C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EC = TC + VC = 2940 J + 0 J = 6.534 J
= 2940 J aiv hvK, DÚ mgGq cZvKvwU 2m DuPzGZ IGV I v êM cÉvµ¦ nq
‰LvGb, EB = EC  v = 2 f h1
AZ‰e, B ‰es C we±`yGZ kwÚi msiÞYkxjZv bxwZ Abym†Z = 2 × 6.534 × 2 = 5.112 m/s
nGqwQj|  cZvKv KZ‡ÆK AwZKÌv¯¦ ˆgvU DœPZv h2 nGj, 2g (h2  h1) = v2
v2
cÉk² 143 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1 ev, h2  h1 = 2g
v2
iwb KwcKGji mvG^ myZvq euvav 200gm fGii ‰KwU cZvKv 1N ev, h2 = h1 + 2g
ej cÉGqvGM 10m DcGi ZzjGjv| cieZÆxGZ ˆm cZvKvwU ‰KB 5.1122
DœPZvq ZzjGZ myZvi AbÅ cÉvG¯¦ 1kg fGii eÕ§ 2 m Dci ˆ^GK =2+
2 × 4.8
= 3.334m
ˆQGo w`Gq mdj nGjv| iwb 5sec ‰ cZvKvwU DcGi ˆZvGj|  cZvKvi Dci KvhÆKi ˆgvU kwÚ, W2 = mgh2
K. mylg Z½iY Kx? 1 = 2 × 9.8 × 3.3
L. êM-mgq ˆjGL mylg êGMi ˆjL ˆKgb nGe? eÅvLÅv Ki|2 = 6.534J
M. cZvKvwU DcGi ZzjGZ iwbi ÞgZv KZ wQj? 3  W1 = W2, A^Ævr kwÚi msiÞYkxjZv bxwZ Abym†Z nGe|
N. w«¼Zxq ˆÞGò kwÚi msiÞYkxjZvi bxwZ ˆgGb PjGe wK? [we: `Ë: DóxcK DwÍÏwLZ cZvKvwU 10m DcGi IVv mÁ¿e bq|
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 KwcKGji PvKv hw` evavnxbfvGe ˆNvGi, ZGe cZvKvwU mGeÆvœP
143 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 3.34m DcGi IGV|]
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM hw` wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK memgq ‰KB nvGi evoGZ cÉk² 144 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8
^vGK ZvnGj ˆmB eÕ§i Z½iYGK mylg Z½iY eGj| 5 J kwÚi ˆgvUi «¼viv PvwjZ 250 gm fGii ˆLjbv MvwoGK 1g evGi
L mgq (t) ˆK Abyf„wgK AGÞ ‰es êM (v) ˆK DjÁ¼ AGÞ Õ©vcb 4 m/s mylg êGM ‰es cieZÆxGZ MvwowUGK wÕ©i AeÕ©vb nGZ 1
KGi êM-mgq ˆjLwPò AsKb KiGj mylg êGMi ˆÞGò ˆjLwU m/s2 mylg Z½iGY 8 m Pvjbv Kiv nGjv|
mgq AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj ‰KwU mijGiLv nGe| AaÅvq 2 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
K. ‰K Ryj KvGK eGj? 1
êM (v)
L. cÅvPhyÚ cvwbi Kj hv NywiGq LyjGZ nq, mvevbhyÚ ˆfRv

nvGZ Zv ˆLvjv KÓ¡Ki ˆKb? 2
M. w«¼ZxqevGi MvwowUi DwÍÏwLZ `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ KZ mgq
O
mgq (t)
jvMGe? 3
êM mylg nIqvq mgGqi cwieZÆGb êGMi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv| N. Dfq ˆÞGò MvoxwUi KgÆ ` ÞZvi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆ b nGjv wK?
ZvB ˆjLwU mgq AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj nGqGQ| MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
M
Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB, K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Dci ‰K wbDUb ej cÉGqvGMi dGj hw` eGji
W mgs iwbi cÉhÚ
y ej, F = 1 N w`GK eÕ§wUi ‰K wgUvi miY nq ZGe mÁ·®² KvGRi cwigvYGK ‰K
ÞgZv, P = t = t Ryj eGj|
eÕ§i fi, m = 200 gm = 0.2 kg
0.2  9.8  10
=
5s
cZvKvi miY, s = 10 m L mvevb ‰K aiGbi wcwœQjKvix c`v^Æ| ZvB mvevbhyÚ ˆfRv
= 3.92 W (Ans.) mgq, t = 5 sec nvGZ cÅvPhyÚ cvwbi Kj LyjGZ ˆMGj cvwbi Kj I nvGZi gaÅKvi
ÞgZv, P = ? NlÆY ej AGbKvsGk KGg hvq| ‰ KviGY cÅvPhyÚ cvwbi Kj hv
A NywiGq LyjGZ nq, mvevbhyÚ ˆfRv nvGZ Zv ˆLvjv KÓ¡Ki|
N 2q ˆÞGò,
cZvKvi fi, m = 200 gm = 0.2 kg M
cZvKvi DœPZv, h = 10 m Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB,
eÕ§i fi, m1 = 1 kg
1 2
s = ut + at w«¼ZxqevGi Mvwoi Avw`GeM,
10 m 2 u = 0 m s1
eÕ§i DœPZv, h1 = 2 m B
1
ev, 8 m = 0  t + 2  1 m s2  t2 Z½iY, a = 1 m s
2
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
2m miY, s = 8 m
B we±`yGZ eÕ§i wefe kwÚ, ev, t2 = 16 s2
2
V = m gh = 1 kg  9.8 m s  2 m  t = 4 s (Ans.)
mgq, t = ?
B 1 1
C
= 19.6 J
m m 10.2 N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
KwcKj euvav eÕ§«¼Gqi Z½iY, f = m 1+ m g = 1 + 0.2 × 9.8 Mvwoi fi, m = 250 gm = 0.25 kg
1
= 6.534 m/s2 ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚ, T = 5 J
÷ay cZvKv ˆZvjvi RbÅ m1 fGii eÕ§wUi eÅwqZ wefekwÚ, 1g evGi, Mvwoi mylg êM, v = 4 m s1
W1 = m1gh1m1f h1 1g evGi jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ = Mvwoi MwZkwÚ
1 1
ev, T1 = 2 mv2 = 2  0.25  42 AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s = AB = 29.4 m
B we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ,
=2J 1 1
2q evGi Mvwoi Z½iY, a = 1 m s2 ‰es TB = mv2 =  m (u2 + 2gs)
2 2
Mvwo miY, s = 8 m 1
=  0.1 kg  (0 + 2  9.8 m s2  29.4 m)
2q evGi jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ, 2
T2 = Fs = mas = 0.25  1  8 = 28.812 J
=2J ‰es B we±`yGZ eÕ§i wefekwÚ,
jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ VB = mgh1 = 0.1  9.8  19.6 = 19.208 J
Avgiv Rvwb, KgÆ`ÞZv = ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚ  100%  B we±`yi ˆgvU kwÚ,
T1 2 EB = TB + VB = 28.812 J + 19.208 J = 48.02 J
 1 =  100% =  100% = 40% myZivs MvwYwZK weGkÏlY ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, EA = EB A^Ævr A I B
T 5
T 2
2 = T2  100% = 5  100% = 40%
we±`yGZ eÕ§i ˆgvU kwÚ AcwieZÆxZ|
AZ‰e, Dfq ˆÞGò jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ mgvb nIqvq KgÆ`ÞZvi cÉk² 146 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1
ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGjv bv| 15 kW ‰i ‰KwU ˆgvUi 2 KzB´Ÿvj cvwb 1 wgwbGU 300 m DuPzGZ
cÉk² 145 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3 DVvGZ cvGi|
A K. ŠeævwbK cÉZxK KvGK eGj? 1
L. Pjb MwZ I NƒYÆb MwZi gGaÅ `yBwU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2
29.4 m
B
M. ˆgvUiwUi KvhÆKi ÞgZv KZ? 3
49 m N. ˆgvUiwUi KgÆ`ÞZv 5% e†w«¬ nGj eÅwqZ kwÚi Kx cwigvY
C cwieZÆb nGe MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
100 gm fGii ‰KwU eÕ§ A we±`yGZ wÕ©i AvGQ| eÕ§wUGK gyÚfvGe
coGZ ˆÌqv nj| K weævGb eÅen†Z mgxKiYàGjvGZ eÅen†Z ivwkàGjvGK mywbw`ÆÓ¡

K. wbDUGbi MwZi 2q mƒòwU wjL| 1 KZKàGjv wbqGgi AvIZvq ˆh mKj nid ev wPGn×i mvnvGhÅ cÉKvk
L. ˆ`qvGj ˆcGiK XzKvGj AvUGK ^vGK ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 Kiv nq, ZvGìGK ŠeævwbK cÉZxK eGj|
M. eÕ§wUi mGeÆvœP MwZkwÚ wbYÆq Ki| 3 L Pjb MwZ I NƒYÆb MwZi gGaÅ `yBwU cv^ÆKÅ wbGP DGÍÏL Kiv nj :

N. eÕ§wUi A we±`yi ˆgvU kwÚ ‰es B we±`yi ˆgvU kwÚ NƒYÆb MwZ Pjb MwZ
AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 i. hLb ˆKvGbv eÕ§ ˆKvGbv i. ˆKvGbv eÕ§ hw` ‰gbfvGe
145 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y ev îLv ˆ^GK eÕ§ PjGZ ^vGK hvGZ KGi eÕ§i
K eÕ§i fiGeGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi ‰i Ici cÉhyÚ eGji mgvbycvwZK
 KYvàGjvi `ƒiZ½ AcwiewZÆZ mKj KYv ‰KB mgGq ‰KB
‰es ej ˆhw`GK wKÌqv KGi eÕ§i fiGeGMi cwieZÆbI ˆmw`GK îGL H we±`y ev îLvGK ˆK±`Ê w`GK mgvb `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi
NGU| KGi ˆNvGi ZLb H eÕ§i ZvnGj H MwZGK Pjb MwZ
MwZGK NƒYÆb MwZ eGj| eGj|
L ˆ`qvGj ˆcGiK XzKvGj Zv AvUGK ^vGK NlÆY eGji KviGY|
ii. NƒYÆb MwZi c^ e†îvKvi ev ii. Pjb MwZi c^ mij‹iwLK
hLb ˆcGiKGK ˆÌqvGji gGaÅ XzKvGbv nq ZLb ‰i evBGii c†Ó¤
‰es ˆ`qvGji wfZGii c†GÓ¤i KYvàGjvi gGaÅ ‰KwU NlÆY eGji Dce†îvKvi nq| ev ejGiLv nGZ cvGi|
D«¿e nq| ‰B KviGY ˆcGiK ˆ`qvGj AvUGK ^vGK| M

M C we±`yGZ eÕ§i êM mGeÆvœP nGe ZvB ‰ we±`yGZB MwZ kwÚ Avgiv Rvwb, ÞgZv- ‰LvGb,
mGeÆvœP nGe| P=
W cvwbi fi,
t m = 2 KzB´Ÿvj
‰Lb, C we±`yGZ eÕ§i MwZkwÚ, ˆÌqv AvGQ, mgh
= = 2  100 = 200 kg
1 1
T = mv2 = m(u2 + 2gh) eÕ§wUi DœPZv, h = 49 m t
2 2 200 kg  9.8 m s2  300 m
mgq, t = 1 min = 60 s
eÕ§wUi fi, m = 100 gm = 0.1 kg
= mgh =
60 s DœPZv, h = 300 m
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
2
= 0.1 kg  9.8 m s  49 m = 9800 W (Ans.) AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
cZbKvGj mGeÆvœP MwZkwÚ, T = ?
 T = 48.02 J (Ans.) KvhÆKi ÞgZv, P = ?
N eÕ§wU hLb A we±`yGZ,
 N ˆÌqv AvGQ,

ZLb DœPZv, h = AC = 49 m ˆgvUiwUi ÞgZv, Pin = 15 kW = 15000 W
êM, u = 0m/s myZivs 1 min ‰ eÅwqZ kwÚ, E = Pin  t = 15000 W  60 s
A we±`yGZ eÕ§i ˆgvU kwÚ = 900000 J
EA = VA + TA = mgh + 0 = 0.1 kg  9.8 m s2  49 m ˆgvUiwUi KvhÆKi ÞgZv, Pout = 9800 W; [(M) Ask nGZ]
= 48.02 J P 9800 W
Avevi, B we±`yGZ eÕ§i MwZkwÚ I wefe kwÚ `yB-B wQj| ˆgvUiwUi KgÆ`ÞZv,  = Pout  100% = 15000 W  100%
in
‰GÞGò DœPZv, h1 = BC = AC – AB = 49 m – 29.4 m = 19.6 m = 65.33%
ˆgvUiwUi KgÆ`ÞZv 5% evovGj bZzb KgÆ`ÞZv, aiv hvK, DfGqi fiGeM P|
 = 65.33% + 5% = 70.33% = 0.7033 P2
myZivs iwnGgi MwZkwÚ, T1 = 2m
eÅwqZ kwÚi cwigvY = W 1
P2
eÅwqZ ÞgZv, Pout = ? ‰es KwiGgi MwZkwÚ, T2 = 2m
2
P
 = Pout  =
T1 m2 20 kg 2
= =
in T2 m1 30 kg 3
 Pout =  Pin = 15000 W  0.7033 = 10549.5 W
myZivs T2 > T1| A^Ævr iwng I KwiGgi fiGeM mgvb nGj KwiGgi
eÅwqZ mgq t nGj MwZkwÚ AGcÞvK‡Z êwk nZ|
mgh
Pout =
t cÉk² 148 ewkvj êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3
mgh 200 kg  9.8 m s2  300 m
 t =
Pout
=
10549.5 W
= 55.74 s ‰KwU Bwéb cÉwZ wgwbGU 2000 wjUvi cvwb 18 m DuPz ‰KwU `vjvGbi
myZivs 55.74 s ‰ eÅwqZ kwÚ, QvG` ZzjGZ mÞg| hvi KgÆ`ÞZv 70%|
E = Pin  t = 15000 W  55.74 s = 836100 J
K. cÅvmGKGji mƒòwU wjL| 1
myZivs eÅwqZ kwÚi cwieZÆb, L. ˆKvGbv eÕ§i wefe kwÚ 60 J ejGZ Kx eySvq? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
E = E – E = 900000 J – 836100 J = 63900 J M. BwéGbi ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3
A^Ævr `ÞZv e†w«¬ KiGj ‰KB cwigvY cvwb DVvGZ kwÚ eÅq KgGe N. hw` BwéGbi KgÆ`ÞZv 60% nGZv ZvnGj mKj cvwb ‰KB
63900 J| DœPZvq ZzjGZ cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq mgq KZàY êwk jvMGe
MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
cÉk² 147 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2 148 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
MwZkwÚ ‰K cÉKvi hvw¯¨K kwÚ| iwnGgi fi 30 kg ‰es KwiGgi K cvGò Ave«¬ Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æi ˆKvGbv AsGki Dci

fi 20 kg| ‰KwU ˆùŒo cÉwZGhvwMZvq iwng 5 m/s ‰es Kwig 6 evBGi ˆ^GK Pvc cÉGqvM KiGj ˆmB Pvc wKQygvò bv KGg Zij ev
m/s êGM ˆùŒovq| ‰ êM ARÆb KiGZ K‡ZKvRB ZvGì MwZkwÚ| evqexq c`vG^Æi mew`GK mgvbfvGe mçvwjZ nq ‰es Zij ev
K. wbDUGbi w«¼Zxq mƒòwU wjL| 1 evqexq c`v^Æ msj™² cvGòi MvGq jÁ¼fvGe wKÌqv KGi|
L. iwnGgi MwZkwÚ FYvñK nGZ cvGi wKbv? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i wefe kwÚ 60 J ejGZ êvSvq, eÕ§wUGK ‰i
M. ˆùŒGoi mgq Kvi MwZkwÚ Kg wQj wbYÆq Ki| 3 Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK cwieZÆb KGi cwiewZÆZ AeÕ©v
N. hw` iwng I KwiGgi fiGeM mgvb nZ ZvnGj Kvi ev AeÕ©vGb AvbGZ 60 J KvR mÁ·®² nGqGQ, ‰GZ eÕ§wUGZ 60 J
MwZkwÚ AGcÞvK‡Z êwk nZ? weGkÏlY Ki| 4 cwigvY kwÚ mwçZ nGqGQ| ‰Lb eÕ§wU Zvi Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v ev
147 bs cÉGk²i Dîi AeÕ©vGb wdGi AvmGj 60 J cwigvY KvR KiGe|
K eÕ§i fiGeGMi cwieZÆGbi nvi ‰i Ici cÉhyÚ eGji mgvbycvwZK 
 M
‰es ej ˆhw`GK wKÌqv KGi eÕ§i fiGeGMi cwieZÆb ˆmw`GKB NGU| Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
L MwZkwÚ KLGbv FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv| KviY ˆKvGbv MwZkxj KvhÆKi ÞgZv,
 cvwbi fi,
1 mgh 2000  9.8  18 m = 2000 L = 2000 kg
eÕ§i fi m ‰es êM v nGj eÕ§i MwZkwÚ 2mv2| eÕ§i fi m Pout = t = 60 [ 1L cvwb = 1kg]
KLGbvB FYvñK nq bv| Avi eÕ§i êM abvñK ev FYvñK hvB = 5880 W `vjvGbi DœPZv, h = 18 m
ˆnvK bv ˆKb, êGMi eMÆ memgq abvñK nq| AZ‰e, iwnGgi Avevi, `ÞZv, mgq, t = 1 min = 60 s
Pout BwéGbi KgÆ`ÞZv,
MwZkwÚ KLGbv FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv| = P
in  = 70% = 0.7
M
  Pin =
5880 W
BwéGbi ÞgZv, Pout = ?
0.7
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
= 8400 W (Ans.)
1
MwZkwÚ, T = 2 mv2 iwnGgi fi, m1 = 30 kg
iwnGgi êM, v1 = 5 m/s N

myZivs iwnGgi MwZkwÚ, KwiGgi fi, m2 = 20 kg Avgiv cvB, BwéGbi `ÞZv 60% Kiv
1
T1 =  30 kg  (5 m/s)2 KwiGgi êM, v2 = 6 m/s
Pout = Pin   nGj,
2 = 0.6  8400 W = 5040 W  = 60% = 0.6
= 375 J mgh cÉ `î ÞgZv, Pin = 8400 W
Avevi, Pout =
‰es KwiGgi MwZkwÚ, t
KvhÆKi ÞgZv, Pout = ?
1 mgh
T2 =  20 kg  (6 m/s)2  t =
2 Pout
= 360 J 2000  9.8  18
= = 70 s
ˆhGnZz T2 < T1 AZ‰e, ˆùŒGoi mgq KwiGgi MwZkwÚ Kg wQj| 5040
hv cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq, t  t = 70 s  60 s = 10 s êwk|
N Avgiv Rvwb,
 AZ‰e, ejv hvq ˆh, BwéGbi KgÆ`ÞZv hw` 60% nGZv ZvnGj
m fGii ˆKvGbv eÕ§i êM v nGj ‰i fiGeM, P = mv 10
1 1 (mv)2 1 P2 P2 mKj cvwb ‰KB DœPZvq ZzjGZ cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq 60 = 0.167 àY
‰es MwZkwÚ, T = 2 mv2 = 2  m = 2  m = 2m
mgq êwk jvMGe|
cÉk² 149 XvKv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3 
1 19.33% 1933
= = = 0.736
2 26.25% 2625
‰KwU 1.5 HP ÞgZvi Bwéb «¼viv 20 m DœPZvq AewÕ©Z 2000 wjUvi AZ‰e, Bwéb«¼Gqi KgÆ`ÞZvi AbycvZ, 0.736 : 1|
aviY ÞgZvmÁ·®² UÅvsK 30 wgwbGU cƒYÆ KiGZ cvGi| 2 HP ÞgZvi
‰KwU Bwéb «¼viv 3000 kg BU H DœPZvq 25 wgwbGU ZzjGZ cvGi| cÉk² 150 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
K. cxob KvGK eGj? 1 m = 10kg
A
L. wefekwÚ ejGZ Kx eySvq? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. cÉ^g Bwéb «¼viv K‡ZKvR wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. Bwéb«¼Gqi KgÆÞgZvi AbycvZ MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 B 78.4 m
149 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 100 m
K eÕ§i wfZi ‰KK ˆÞòdGj jÁ¼fvGe D«¿„Z weK‡wZ cÉwZGivaKvix
 C
ejGK cxob eGj|

L Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©vb ev AeÕ©v ˆ^GK cwieZÆb KGi ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK wPGò eÕ§wU A we±`y nGZ f„wgi w`GK coGQ|
AbÅ ˆKvGbv AeÕ©vb ev AeÕ©vq AvbGj eÕ§ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1
ARÆb KGi ZvGK wefekwÚ eGj| ‰GK EP «¼viv cÉKvk Kiv nq| L. wefe kwÚ KxGmi Ici wbfÆikxj? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
D`vniYÕ¼i…c: ˆKvGbv eÕ§i gGaÅ mwçZ AwfKlÆR wefe kwÚ M. eÕ§wUi A ˆ^GK C-ˆZ AvmGZ KZ mgq jvMGe? 3
AwfKlÆR Z½iY (g) ‰es f„wg nGZ eÕ§i DœPZv h ‰i Ici wbfÆi N. "A I C we±`yGZ eÕ§wUi ˆgvU kwÚi cwigvY AcwieZÆbxq”
KGi| c†wêx c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK m fGii ˆKvGbv eÕ§ h DœPZvq AeÕ©vb MvwYwZKfvGe DwÚwUi h^v^ÆZv hvPvB Ki| 4
KiGj DÚ eÕ§i gGaÅ mwçZ wefekwÚ, V = mgh| A 150 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M
 K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK H

Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB, hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj|
W = mgh 1g BwéGbi ˆÞGò,
= 2000  9.8  20 L Avgiv Rvwb, Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK
DœPZv, h = 20m
= 3.92  105J (Ans.) cwiewZÆZ AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vGb Avbv nGj eÕ§wU KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ
cvwbi fi,
ARÆb KGi ZvGK wefe kwÚ eGj| eÕ§GZ mwçZ wefe kwÚi cwigvY
m = 2000 wjUvi cvwbi fi
= 2000kg
gƒjZt wbfÆi KGi Õ¼vfvweK ev cƒGeÆvÚ AeÕ©vi mvGcGÞ KZUzKz
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 cwieZÆb NUvGbv nGqGQ| ˆhgb: f„wg nGZ hZ DcGi ‰KwU eÕ§GK
K‡ZKvR, W = ? ˆbqv nq ZvGZ ZZ êwk AwfKlÆR wefekwÚ mwçZ nq, A^Ævr
AwfKlÆR wefekwÚ DœPZvi mgvbycvwZK| Avevi, ‰KwU ˆLjbv
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, Mvwoi Pvwei mvG^ mshyÚ wÕ·ÉsGK `g ˆ`qvi gvaÅGg hZ êwk
1g BwéGbi KvhÆKi mgq, t1 = 30 wgwbU cuÅvPvGbv nGe, ZvGZ ZZ êwk wÕ©wZÕ©vcK wefekwÚ mwçZ nGe|
= 30  60 s = 1800s
cƒGeÆvÚ AeÕ©vb I cwiewZÆZ AeÕ©vGbi eÅeavb QvovI cvwicvwk¼ÆK
1g BwéGbi ÞgZv, P1 = 1.5 HP
AeÕ©v ev eÕ§i wbRÕ¼ ˆfŒZ àYvejxi IciI DÚ mwçZ wefe
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, 1g Bwéb «¼viv K‡ZKvR, kwÚi cwigvY wbfÆi KiGZ cvGi| ˆhgb- AwfKlÆR wefekwÚ eÕ§i
W = 3.92  105 J
fi ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ Õ©vGbi AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi Ici wbfÆi KGi| wÕ·És
1g BwéGbi KvhÆKi ÞgZv,
W 3.92  105 J ‰ mwçZ wefe kwÚ wbfÆi KGi wÕ·És aË‚eK bvgK ŠewkGÓ¡Åi Ici,
P1 =
t1
=
1800 s hv gƒjZ: wÕ·És-‰i RÅvwgwZK MVb I Dcv`vb «¼viv wbaÆvwiZ nq|
= 217.78W M

= 0.29 HP
P 0.29 Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 1g BwéGbi KgÆ`ÞZv, 1 = P 1  100% = 1.5  100% 1 Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
1 h = ut + gt2
2 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
= 19.33%
1
2q BwéGbi ˆÞGò, ev, 78.4 = 0  t + 2  9.8t2 A ˆ^GK C we±`yi `ƒiZ½,
ÞgZv, P2 = 2HP ev, 4.9t2 = 78.4
h = 78.4 m
BGUi fi, m = 3000kg A ˆ^GK C we±`yGZ AvmGZ
78.4
DœPZv, h = 20m ev, t2 = 4.9 cÉGqvRbxq mgq, t = ?
mgq, t2 = 25  60 = 1500s ev, t2 = 16
 2q BwéGbi KvhÆKi ÞgZv P2 nGj,  t = 4s (Ans.)
P2 =
mgh 3000  9.8  20
= N A we±`yGZ eÕ§i wefekwÚ, V1 = mgh

t2 1500 = 10  9.8  100
= 392W = 0.525HP = 9800 J
P 0.525
2q BwéGbi KgÆ`ÞZv, 2 = P2  100% = 2  100% A we±`yGZ eÕ§i êM kƒbÅ|
2 1
= 26.25% A we±`yGZ eÕ§i MwZkwÚ, T1 = 2  m  (0)2 = 0 J
A we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, E1 = V1 + T1 ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, Rwbi K‡ZKvR, W = 1569.6J
= 9800 + 0 iwbi K‡ZKvR, W1 = mgh
= 9800 J = 50  9.81  4
C we±`yGZ wefekwÚ, V2 = mg(100  78.4) = 1962J
= 10  9.8  21.6 W 1569.6
= 2116.8 J Rwbi ÞgZv, P = t = 10 = 156.96 watt
1 W 1962
C we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ, T2 = mv2 iwbi ÞgZv, P1 = t 1 = 18 = 109 watt
2 1
1 MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg ˆ`Lv hvq,
= m (u2 + 2g  78.4)
2
W1 > W wK¯§ P > P1
1
=  10 (0 + 2  9.8  78.4)
2 AZ‰e, iwbi K‡ZKvR êwk nGjI Rwbi ÞgZv êwk|
1
=  10  2  9.8  78.4 cÉk² 152 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
2
m = 10kg
= 7683.2 J
A
 C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, E2 = V2 + T2
= (2116.8 + 7683.2)J 100m
= 9800J
C
MvwYwZK weGkÏlGY ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, E1 = E2
myZivs, "A I C we±`yGZ eÕ§wUi ˆgvU kwÚi cwigvY AcwieZÆbxq” K. KvR KvGK eGj? 1
DwÚwU h^v^Æ| L. eGji wei‚G«¬ KvR ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2
cÉk² 151 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2 M. A we±`y ˆ^GK eÕ§wUGK ˆQGo w`Gj ‰wU KZ êGM C we±`yGZ ˆbGg
AvmGe? 3
Rwb I iwbi fi h^vKÌGg 40 kg I 50 kg| cÉwZwU 20 cm DuPz 20wU N. f„c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK KZ DœPZvq wefe kwÚ I MwZ kwÚ mgvb
wmuwo AwZKÌg KiGZ Rwb I iwb mgq ˆbq h^vKÌGg 10 s ‰es 18 nGe MvwYwZK weGkÏlY KGi gZvgZ `vI| 4
s| [AwfKlÆR Z½iY g = 9.81 m/s2] 152 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K. KgÆ`ÞZv KvGK eGj? 1
L. RxevkÄ R¾vjvwbi weKÍ¸ R¾vjvwb Abym®¬vb Ri‚wi ˆKb? eÅvLÅv K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Ici cÉhyÚ ej ‰es eGji w`GK eÕ§i miGYi

Ki| 2 àYdjGK KvR eGj|
M. Rwbi K‡ZKvR wbYÆq Ki| 3
L hw` ej cÉGqvGMi dGj eÕ§ eGji wecixZ w`GK mGi hvq ZvnGj
N. iwbi K‡ZKvR êwk nGjI Rwbi ÞgZv êwk MvwYwZKfvGe cÉhyÚ ej I AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiGZ½i àYdjGK eGji wei‚G«¬ KvR eGj|
weGkÏlY Ki| ‰KwU WvÕ¡vi hw` ˆgGS ˆ^GK ÛweGji Dci DVvGbv nq ZvnGj
4
151 bs cÉGk²i Dîi AwfKlÆ ej ˆh w`GK wKÌqv KGi miY Zvi wecixZ w`GK nq|
K ˆKvGbv hG¯ï jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ I ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚi AbycvZGK ‰GÞGò AwfKlÆ eGji wei‚G«¬ KvR nq|

H hG¯ï KgÆ`ÞZv eGj| M
L gvbyGli kwÚi Pvwn`v w`b w`b evoGQ| c†wêxi eZÆgvb ˆfŒZ 2 2Rvwb,
Avgiv DóxcK nGZ cvB,
v = u + 2gh
AeÕ©vq bZzb KGi RxevkÄ R¾vjvwb ŠZwi ev e†w«¬ Kiv mÁ¿e bq, dGj = 0 + 2  9.8 m/s2  100 m Avw`GeM, u = 0 m/s
KÌgeaÆgvb Pvwn`vi ˆhvMvb w`GZ wMGq RxevkÄ R¾vjvwb ‰Kw`b ˆkl = 1960 m2s2 DœPZv, h = 100 m
nGq hvGe| ZvB weKÍ¸ DrGmi w`GK SuyKGQ gvbyl| ˆhgb, ˆmŒikwÚ|  v = 1960 m2 s2 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
hZw`b c†wêx mƒGhÆi AvGjv ˆcGZ ^vKGe ZZw`b ˆmŒikwÚ ^vKGe| = 44.27 m s1 (Ans.) f„wgGZ AvNvZ Kivi gynƒGZÆ êM, v =
?
‰KviGY RxevkÄ R¾vjvwbi weKÍ¸ R¾vjvwb Abym®¬vb Ri‚wi|
N gGb Kwi,
M
f„-c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK x DœPZvq B we±`yGZ wefe kwÚ I MwZkwÚ mgvb nGe|
B we±`yGZ wefe kwÚ, V = mgx
W = mgh Rwbi fi, m = 40 kg
= 40  9.81  4 wmuwoi ˆgvU DœPZv, ‰es MwZkwÚ, T = 1 mv2 = 1 m {u2 + 2g(100  x)}
= 1569.6 J (Ans.) 2 2
h = 20  20 cm 1
= 400cm = 4m = m  2g(100  x) = mg (100  x)
2
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.81 m/s2 cÉkg² GZ, m = 10kg
Rwbi K‡ZKvR, W = ? V=T A
N ˆÌqv AvGQ, ev, mgx = mg (100 – x) 100-x
iwbi fi, m = 50kg ev, x = 100  x 100m B
wmuwoi ˆgvU DœPZv, h = 4m ev, x + x = 100 x

C
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.81m/s2 ev, 2x = 100
wmuwo AwZKÌg KiGZ Rwbi mgq, t = 10s  x = 50 m
wmuwo AwZKÌg KiGZ iwbi mgq, t1 = 18s AZ‰e, f„-c†Ó¤ nGZ 50 m DœPZvq wefe kwÚ I MwZkwÚ mgvb nGe|
cÉk² 153 wmGjU êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 1 ˆgvUiwUi eÅwqZ kwÚ = ˆgvU cÉ`î kwÚ, Ei = cÉ`î ÞgZv  mgq
=P t
15 kW ‰i ‰KwU ZworGgvUi 1000 kg cvwb 0.5 wgwbGU 300 m DuPz i
= 130666.67  30
QvG` DVvGZ cvGi| = 3920000J
K. wefe kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1 = 3920 kJ
L. Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã I AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2 A^Ævr, KgÆ`ÞZv 75% nGj DGÍÏwLZ mgGq ˆgvUiwUi eÅwqZ kwÚi
M. ˆgvUiwUi KgÆ`ÞZv wbYÆq Ki| 3 cwigvY nGe 3920 kJ|
N. KgÆ`ÞZv 75% nGj DwÍÏwLZ mgGq ˆgvUiwUi eÅwqZ kwÚi
cwigvY MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 A
20 m
K Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK cwieZÆb KGi ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK AbÅ
 B
AeÕ©vb ev AeÕ©vq AvbGj eÕ§ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ ARÆb KGi 60m
ZvGK wefekwÚ eGj| C

L Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã I AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi cv^ÆKÅ: ‰KwU 60m DœPZv wewkÓ¡ feGb 10wU wmGgG´Ÿi eÕ¦v KviGMv wjdGU
Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã AbycÉÕ© Ziã DVvGbvi mgq 60m DœPZvq wjdGUi Zvi wQuGo gyÚfvGe wbGP coGZ
i. ˆh Ziã gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvi i. ˆh Ziã gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvi ^vKj| ÷ay KviGMv wjdGUi fi 50kg|
Õ·±`Gbi w`GKi mvG^ Õ·±`Gbi w`GKi mvG^ K. MwZkwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
mgv¯¦ivGj AMÉmi nq, ZvB mgGKvGY AMÉmi nq, ZvB L. ej cÉGqvM KiGj mKj ˆÞGò KvR mgvb nq bv ˆKb? eÅvLÅv
Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã| AbycÉÕ© Ziã| Ki| 2
ii. msGKvPb I cÉmviGYi ii. gvaÅGg ZiãkxlÆ I Ziãcv` M. DóxcGKi wmGgG´Ÿi eÕ¦vmn KviGMv wjdGUi ˆgvU fi
gvaÅGg Ziã mçvwjZ nq| Drc®² KGi mçvwjZ nq| 550kg nGj B cGqG´Ÿ ˆgvU kwÚ KZ? 3
iii. ‰KwU msGKvPb I ‰KwU iii. ‰KwU ZiãkxlÆ I ‰KwU Ziã N. B cGqG´Ÿ bvgvi mgq `yBwU wmGgG´Ÿi eÕ¦v KviGMv wjdU
cÉmviY wbGq Ziã‹`NÆÅ MwVZ| cv` wbGq Ziã‹`NÆÅ MwVZ| ˆ^GK wQUGK Avjv`v nGj B cGqG´Ÿ KviGMv wjdUmn
M [we.`Ë. êvWÆ cÉGk² cÉ`î ÞgZvi gvb 15 kW ˆÌqv AvGQ hv
 wmGgG´Ÿi eÕ¦vi ˆgvU kwÚi kZKiv KZ cwieZÆb nGe
KvhÆKi/jfÅ ÞgZvi ˆPGq Kg ZvB cÉ`î ÞgZv 150 kW aGi MvwYwZK weGkÏlY Ki| 4
mgvavb Kiv nGjv] 154 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
QvG` cvwb DVvGZ jfÅ ‰LvGb, K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§ Zvi MwZi RbÅ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ jvf

KvhÆKi kwÚ, ˆgvUGii cÉ`î ÞgZv, KGi ZvGK MwZkwÚ eGj|
E = cvwbi wefekwÚ = mgh Pi = 150 kW
= 1000  9.8  300 = 150000W L Avgiv Rvwb, KvR = ej  eGji w`GK AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ (miY)|
= 2940000 J cvwbi fi, m = 1000 kg hw` eÕ§i Ici ej cÉGqvGMi dGj miY kƒbÅ nq ZGe K‡ZKvR kƒbÅ
 jfÅ KvhÆKi ÞgZv, QvGì DœPZv, h = 300 m nGe| Avevi, ej cÉGqvGM eÕ§i miY eGji wecixGZ nGj K‡ZKvR
jfÅ KvhÆKi kwÚ DGîvjGbi mgq, t = 0.5 min FYvñK, wK¯§ eGji w`GK miY NUGj K‡ZKvR abvñK| ZvB ej
P0 =
mgq = 0.5  60 s cÉGqvGM mKj ˆÞGò K‡ZKvR mgvb nq bv|
= 30 s
E 2940000
=
t
=
30 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 M 10 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿ mn wjdGUi fi, m = 550 kg

= 98000 W ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv,  = ? A we±`yi DœPZv, h = 60 m
myZivs ˆgvUiwUi KgÆ`ÞZv, myZivs A we±`yGZ 10 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿmn wjdGUi wefe kwÚ,
VA = mgh = 550 kg  9.8 m s–2  60 m = 323400 J
jfÅ KvhÆKi ÞgZv
=  100% A we±`yGZ wjdUwU wÕ©i wQj myZivs MwZkwÚ, TA = 0
cÉ`î ÞgZv
P0 98000 myZivs A we±`yGZ 10 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿmn wjdGUi ˆgvU kwÚ,
=  100% =  100% EA = VA + TA = 323400 J
Pi 150000
= 65.33% (Ans.) B we±`yGZ wjdGUi wefe kwÚ I MwZ kwÚ DfqB ^vKGe wK¯§ kwÚi
N ‘M’ bs nGZ cvB ˆgvUiwUi jfÅ KvhÆKi ÞgZv,
 msiÞYkxjZv bxwZ AbymvGi ˆgvU kwÚ ‰KB ^vKGe| myZivs B we±`yGZ
Po = 98000W 10 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿmn wjdGUi ˆgvU kwÚ nGe, VB = 323400 J (Ans.)
w«¼Zxq ˆÞGò, KgÆ`ÞZv,  = 75% = 0.75 N B we±`yGZ 10 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿmn wjdGUi ˆgvU kwÚ nGe, EB =

aiv hvK, ˆgvUiwUi cÉ`î ÞgZv = Pi 323400 J
P 10 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿ + wjdGUi fi = 550 kg
ZvnGj,  = Po
i wjdGUi fi = 50 kg
Po
ev, Pi = myZivs 10 eÕ¦v wmGgG´Ÿi fi = 500 kg

98000 1 eÕ¦v wmGgG´Ÿi fi = 50 kg
=
0.75
= 130666.67W 8 eÕ¦v wmGgG´Ÿi fi = 400 kg
ˆhGnZz, ˆgvUiwU t = 30s mgGq DÚ KvR KGi ZvB, 8 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿ mn wjdGUi fi, m = 400 kg + 50 kg = 450 kg
8 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿ mn B we±`yGZ wjdGUi ˆgvU kwÚ = 8 eÕ¦v wmGg´Ÿ mn  B we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EB = VB + TB
A we±`yGZ wjdGUi wefe kwÚ = (1960 + 2940) J
= 450 kg  9.8 m/s2  60 m = 264600 J = 4900 J
myZivs kwÚi cwieZÆb = 323400 J – 264600 J = 58800 J 1
58800 J C we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ, TC = 2 mv2
myZivs kwÚi kZKiv cwieZÆb = 323400 J  100% = 18.18%
1 1
= m (u2 + 2gh) = m (0 + 2  9.8  50)
2 2
1
wbGPi QwewU jÞ KGiv ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉkà² Gjvi Dîi `vI: =  10  2  9.8  50 = 4900 J
2
m = 10kg A ‰es wefekwÚ, VC = mg  0 = 0 J
 C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EC = TC + VC
x = 20 m = (4900 + 0) = 4900 J
B h = 50 m
 EA = E B = E C
AZ‰e, A, B I C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ msiwÞZ ^vGK|
C
K. IRbnxbZv Kx? 1 cÉk² 156 XvKv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2
L. ej I Z½iGYi mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 f„wg ˆ^GK 10m DuPzGZ ^vKv 0.25kg fGii ‰KwU Avg e†¯¦PzÅZ Kivi
M. f„wg ˆ^GK KZ DœPZvq MwZkwÚ wefekwÚi w«¼àY nGe? 3 RbÅ ‰KwU ˆQGj 12m/s êGM ‰KwU wXj QyoGjv|
N. wPò nGZ ˆ`LvI ˆh, A, B ‰es C we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ
K. NlÆY KvGK eGj? 1
msiwÞZ ^vGK| 4
155 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L. RoZv ejGZ Kx eySvq? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. Szj¯¦ AeÕ©vq AvgwUi wefe kwÚ wbYÆq Ki| 3
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§ ev eÅwÚi Ici AwfKlÆRwbZ cÉwZwKÌqv ej bv ^vKGj
N. ˆQGjwUi cGÞ AvgwU e†¯¦PzÅZ Kiv mÁ¿e nGe wK? MvwYwZK
ˆm wbGRGK IRbnxb gGb KiGe| ‰i…c Abyf„wZGKB IRbnxbZv
hywÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4
eGj|
L wbDUGbi MwZi w«¼Zxq mƒò ˆ^GK Avgiv Rvwb, ej = fi  Z½iY
K ‰KwU eÕ¦y hLb AbÅ ‰KwU eÕ¦yi msÕ·GkÆ ˆ^GK ‰GKi Dci w`Gq

A^Ævr wbw`ÆÓ¡ fGii ˆKvGbv eÕ§i RbÅ Z½iY eGji mgvbycvwZK| ej evoGj
AciwU PjGZ ˆPÓ¡v KGi ev PjGZ ^vGK ZLb eÕ¦y«¼Gqi Õ·kÆZGj
Z½iY evoGe, ej KgGj Z½iY KgGe| eÕ§i Ici cÉhyÚ eGji gvb kƒbÅ
MwZi wei‚G«¬ ‰KwU evavi Drcwî nq, ‰ evavGK NlÆY eGj|
nGj Z½iY kƒbÅ nGe A^Ævr eÕ§wU mgGeGM PjGe ev ˆ^Gg hvGe|
L cÉGZÅK eÕ¦yB MwZ ev wÕ©wZi ˆh AeÕ©vq AvGQ, ˆm AeÕ©vqB
M h DœPZvq wefe kwÚ mgh ‰es MwZkwÚ kƒbÅ| myZivs ˆgvUkwÚ ^vKGZ Pvq| ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y hw` wÕ©i ^vGK, ZGe ‰wU wÕ©iB ^vKGZ
mgh| aiv hvK, f„wg ˆ^GK y DœPZvq MwZkwÚ wefe kwÚi w«¼àY Pvq| Avevi, eÕ¦y MwZkxj ^vKGj ‰wU MwZkxjB ^vKGZ Pvq| eÕ¦yi
nGe| y DœPZvq wefe kwÚ mgy ‰es MwZkwÚ T nGj kwÚi MwZi wbRÕ¼ AeÕ©v eRvq ivLGZ PvIqvi ˆh cÉeYZv ev agÆ ZvB
wbZÅZvi bxwZ ˆ^GK cvB, nGjv RoZv|
mgy + T = mgh
T = mgh  mgy myZivs eÕ¦y wÕ©wZ ev MwZi ˆh AeÕ©vq AvGQ wPiKvj ˆm AeÕ©vq
kZvÆbymvGi, mgh  mgy = 2 mgy ^vKGZ PvIqvi ˆh cÉeYZv ev ˆm AeÕ©v eRvq ivLGZ PvIqvi ˆh
ev, 3 mgy = mgh agÆ ZvGK RoZv eGj|
 y= =
h 50 m
= 16.67 m (Ans.)
M
3 3
1 2 1
N A we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ, VA = mv = m (0) = 0 J 2 V = mgh AvGgi fi, m = 0.25 kg
2 2
= 0.25 kg  9.8 m/s2  10m f„wg nGZ AvGgi DœPZv,
‰es wefekwÚ, T = mgh = 10  9.8  50 = 4900 J
A = 24.5 J (Ans.)
 A we±`yGZ ˆgvU kwÚ, EA = VA + TA = (0 + 4900) J = 4900 J h = 10m
B we±`yGZ MwZkwÚ, TB = mv2
2 AvGgi wefe kwÚ, V = ?
1
= m (u2 + 2gx) N wXGji Avw` êM, u = 12m/s
2
1
=  10  (0 + 2  9.8  20) wXjwU f„wg nGZ mGeÆvœP h DœPZvq DVGj,
2 v2 = 02 = u2 – 2gh
= 5  2  9.8  20
= 1960 J
ev, u2 = 2gh
u2 (12m/s)2
‰es wefekwÚ, VB = mg (h  x) h= =
2g 2  9.8 m/s2
= 10  9.8 (50  20)
= 10  9.8  30 = 7.347m < 10m (f„wg nGZ AvGgi DœPZv)
= 2940 J myZivs ˆQGjwUi cGÞ AvgwU e†¯¦PzÅZ Kiv mÁ¿e nGe bv|
cÉk² 157 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1 ‰es 2q Mvwoi êM, v2 = u2 + a2t
= 9m/s + (3m/s2  3s)
M fGii `yBwU Mvwo h^vKÌGg 6m/s ‰es 9m/s êGM hvòv ÷i‚ KGi = 18m/s
‰KB mgGq M¯¦eÅÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvj| Mvwo `yBwUi Z½iY h^vKÌGg 5m/s2 1
 1g Mvwoi MwZkwÚi cwieZÆb = M (v12 – u12)
2
‰es 3m/s2|
1
K. ZvwoZ ˆPŒÁ¼K ej Kx? 1 = M {(21m/s)2 – (6m/s)2}
2
L. wÕ©i AeÕ©v ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y wbGPi w`GK coGZ ^vKGj 1
= M (441 m2s–2 – 36m2s–2)
êGMi cwieZÆGbi KviY eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 2
M. Mvwo `yBwU KZ mgGq M¯¦eÅÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvj? 3 1
N. Mvwo `yBwUi MwZkwÚi Kxi…c cwieZÆb nGe? MvwYwZK hywÚi
= (2
M  405 J )
mvnvGhÅ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ weGkÏlY Ki| 4 = 202.5M J
1
157 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ‰es 2q Mvwoi MwZkwÚi cwieZÆb = 2M (v22 – u22)
K `ywU Zwor PvRÆ AvGcwÞK MwZGZ ^vKGj ‰iv ciÕ·Gii Ici
 1
= M {(18m/s)2 – (9m/s)2}
hyMcrfvGe Zwor ej I ˆPŒÁ¼K ej cÉGqvM KGi| ‰ ej«¼qGK ‰KGò 2
1
ZvwoZ ˆPŒÁ¼K ej eGj| = M (324 m2s–2 – 81 m2s–2)
2
L wÕ©i AeÕ©v nGZ ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y AwfKlÆ eGji cÉfvGe wbGPi w`GK 1
coGZ ^vKGj eÕ¦ywUi Ici AwfKlÆR Z½iY g = 9.8 m/s2 wKÌqv
=
2(
M  243 J )
KGi| A^Ævr eÕ¦ywUi êM cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 9.8 m/s e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK| = 121. 5 M J < 202.5MJ
ZvB ejv hvq AwfKlÆ eGji cÉfvGeB gyÚfvGe cZbkxj eÕ¦yi êGMi myZivs, 2q Mvwoi Zyjbvq 1g Mvwoi MwZkwÚi cwieZÆb êwk nGe|
cwieZÆb nq| cÉk² 158 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2
M ‰LvGb, Mvwo `yBwUi fi = M 2kW ÞgZvi ‰KwU Še`yÅwZK ˆgvUi 2 wgwbGU 10 wgUvi DuPGz Z
1g Mvwoi Avw`GeM, u1 = 6 m/s AewÕ©Z 1000 ˆKwR cvwb aviYÞgZvi ‰KwU kƒbÅ cvwbi UÅvswK
2q Mvwoi Avw`GeM, u2 = 9 m/s cƒYÆ KiGZ cvGi| AbÅw`GK 5kW ÞgZvi AbÅ ‰KwU Še`yÅwZK
1g Mvwoi Z½iY, a1 = 5 m/s2
ˆgvUi ‰KB mgGq 15 wgUvi DuPzGZ AewÕ©Z 1500kg cvwb aviY
2q Mvwoi Z½iY, a2 = 3 m/s2
ÞgZvi cvwbi UÅvswK cƒYÆ KiGZ cvGi|
gGb Kwi,
K. ej KvGK eGj? 1
Mvwo `yBwU t ˆmGK´£ mgGq s wgUvi `ƒiGZ½i M¯¦eÅÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvGjv|
L. ‰KwU gvBGKÌvevm I ‰KwU UÇvGKi gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi RoZv
1g Mvwoi ˆÞGò,
1 êwk ‰es ˆKb? 2
s = u 1t + a 1t 2 M. 10 wgUvi DuPz UÅvswKi cvwbi wefe kwÚ wbYÆq Ki| 3
2
1 2
ev, s = 6t + 2.5t .......(i) N. ˆKvb ˆgvUiwU eÅenvi Kiv êwk jvfRbK nGe? MvwYwZK
hywÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4
2q Mvwoi ˆÞGò, 158 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
1
s = u2t + at2 K ej ‰KwU evwnÅK KviY hv ˆKvGbv ‰KwU eÕ¦yi MwZ ev wÕ©wZ

2
1
ev, s = 9t + 2.3.t2.......(ii) AeÕ©vi cwieZÆb NUvq ev NUvGZ Pvq|
(i) I (ii) Zyjbv KGi, L eÕ§i RoZv `y’aiGbi: wÕ©wZ RoZv I MwZ RoZv| wÕ©wZ
5 3 RoZv eÕ§i fGii mgvbycvwZK, wK¯§ MwZ RoZv eÕ§i fiGeGMi
6t + t2 = 9t + t2
2 2 mgvbycvwZK| myZivs gvBGKÌvevm I UÇvGKi gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi RoZv
5 3
ev, 6 + 2t = 9 + 2 t êwk ˆmUv RvbGZ nGj cÉ^Gg ˆ`LGZ nGe, ‰iv wÕ©i bvwK
MwZkxj| hw` wÕ©i nq, ZGe fi êwk nIqvi KviGY wbtmG±`Gn
5 3
ev, 2 t – 2 t = 9 – 6 UÇvGKi (wÕ©wZ) RoZv êwk| ZGe DfGqB MwZkxj nGj ˆhwUi
5–3 fiGeM êwk nGe, ˆmwUi (MwZ) RoZv êwk nGe| ˆmGÞGò
ev, 2 t = 3
gvBGKÌvevGmi RoZv UÇvGKi Zzjbvq êwk nGZ cvGi|
ev, t = 3
 t = 3s
M

 Mvwo `yBwU 3s ci M¯¦eÅÕ©vGb ˆcuŒQvj| (Ans.)
wefe kwÚ, DœPZv, h = 10 wgUvi (m)
N “M” bs nGZ cvB, V = mgh cvwbi fi, m = 1000 kg
AwZKÌv¯¦ mgq, t = 3s = (1000  9.8  10) J AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
3s ci 1g Mvwoi êM, v1 = u1 + a1t = 98000 J (Ans.)
êi KiGZ nGe,
= 6m/s + (5m/s2  3s)
= 21 m/s UÅvswKi cvwbi wefe kwÚ, V = ?
N
 M

1g ˆgvUi KZÆ†K K‡ZKvR ‰LvGb, Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
W1 = mgh m = 1000 kg
P=
mgh cvwbi fi,
= 1000  9.8  10 J h = 10 m t m = 1500 Lcvwbi fi
= 98000 J g = 9.8 m/s2 1500  9.8  100
t = 2 min = 120s =
60
= AvqZb  NbZ½
W1 98000J = 24500 watt = 1500 L  1kg/L = 1500 kg
 myZivs ˆgvU jfÅ ÞgZv, P1 = = = 816.67 W MfxiZv, h = 100 m
t 120s cvGÁ·i ˆgvU ÞgZv, Pin nGj,
jfÅ ÞgZv P mgqKvj, t = 1 min = 60 sec
 1g ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv, 1 = ˆgvUGii cÉ`î ÞgZv  100% Pin =
 Rvbv AvGQ, AwfKlÆR Z½iY,
816.67W 24500 g = 9.8m/s2
=
=
2kW
 100% 0.7 cvGÁ·i KgÆ`ÞZv,
816.67 W = 35000 W (Ans.)  = 70% = 0.7%
=  100% cvGÁ·i KvhÆKi ÞgZv, P = ?
2000 W
= 40.83% N ‘M’ nGZ cvB cvGÁ·i ˆgvU ÞgZv, Pin = 35000 w
Avevi, 2q ˆgvU KZÆ†K K‡ZKvR, cvGÁ·i cwiewZÆZ KgÆ`ÞZv,  = 60% = 0.6 nGj cwiewZÆZ
W2 = mgh ‰LvGb, KvhÆKi ÞgZv, P = Pin = 35000 watt  0.6
= 1500  9.8  15 m = 1500 kg = 21000 watt
= 220500 J h = 15 m
= 2.21  105 J g = 9.8 m/s2
‰GÞGò ‰KB cwigvY (1500kg) cvwb ZyjGZ t cwigvY mgq jvMGj
mgh
t = 2 min = 120 s P =
W 2.21  105J t
 2q ˆgvUi KZÆ†K jfÅ ÞgZv, P2= t 2 = 120s = 1837.5 W mgh 1500kg  9.8 ms–2  100m
ev, t = P = 2100 watt
= 70 sec
= 1.84 kW
jfÅ ÞgZv myZivs cƒeÆvGcÞv êwk mgq jvMGe = t – t
 2q ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv, 2 = ˆgvU cÉ`î ÞgZv  100% = 70 sec – 60 sec
= 10 sec
1.84 kW
=
5 kW
 100% cÉk² 160 hGkvi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1
= 36.75% 50 m DuPz ‰KwU Õ©vcbvi Ici 20kg fGii ‰KwU eÕ¦y A AeÕ©vb
ˆhGnZy 1g ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv 2q ˆgvUGii KgÆ`ÞZv AGcÞv êwk ˆ^GK 5m/s êGM PjGQ| eÕ¦yi Dci êGMi AwfgyGL ej cÉGqvM
myZivs 1g ˆgvUi eÅenvi jvfRbK nGe| Kivq 5 sec ci B AeÕ©vGb 30 m/s êM cÉvµ¦ nq|
cÉk² 159 wmGjU êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2 K. mvgÅ ej Kx? 1
L. ej cÉGqvM KiGj mKj ˆÞGò KvR mÁ·®² nq bv ˆKb?@
100m Mfxi Kzqv ˆ^GK ‰KwU cvGÁ·i mvnvGhÅ cÉwZ wgwbGU 1500 eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
wjUvi cvwb DGîvjb Kiv nq| cvGÁ·i KgÆ`ÞZv 70%| M. eÕ¦yi Ici cÉhyÚ eGji gvb KZ? 3
K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1 N. A I B AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi ˆgvU kwÚi ˆKvGbvi…c ZviZgÅ
L. ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y ZiGj fvmv ev ˆWvevi KviY eywSGq `vI| 2 nGe wK? MvwYwZK hywÚi mvnvGhÅ gZvgZ `vI| 4
M. cvGÁ·i ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3 160 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N. cvGÁ·i KgÆ`ÞZv 60% nGj 1500 wjUvi cvwb ZyjGZ  K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi Ici ‰KvwaK ej wKÌqv KiGj hw` eGji jwº¬ kƒbÅ
cƒeÆvGcÞv KZ êwk mgq jvMGe? MvwYwZKfvGe DcÕ©vcb nq A^Ævr eÕ¦yi ˆKvGbv Z½iY bv nq, ZLb ejv nq eÕ¦yàGjv
Ki| 4 mvgÅveÕ©vq AvGQ| ˆh ejàGjv ‰B mvgÅveÕ©v m†wÓ¡ KGi ZvGìGK
159 bs cÉGk²i Dîi mvgÅ ej eGj|
K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGK Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc  L ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi Ici F ej cÉGqvGMi dGj eGji w`GKi mvG^ 
wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ¦ywU IcGii w`GK ˆh jwº¬ ej Abyfe KGi ZvGK ˆKvGY s miY NUGj K‡ZKvR, W = Fscos
µÏeZv eGj| F  0 nIqv mGî½I W = 0 nGZ cvGi hw` s = 0 Aêv cos = 0
L gGb Kwi, ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi IRb (W) ‰es ZiGj mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc WzevGj A^Ævr  = 90 nq| A^Ævr ej cÉGqvM Kiv mGî½I eÕ¦yi hw` miY bv
(Õ¼ZtcÉGYvw`Z nGq ev ˆRvi KGi) ‰i Ici DcGii w`GK W1 NGU Aêv miY NUGjI hw` Zv eGji jÁ¼w`GK NGU ZGe K‡ZKvR
cwigvY jwº¬ ej ev µÏeZv wKÌqv KGi| W > W1 nGj eÕ¦ywU ZiGj kƒbÅ nq| myZivs ej cÉGqvM KiGj mKj ˆÞGò KvR mÁ·®² nq bv|
WzGe hvGe, ‰GÞGò eÕ¦ywUi Mo NbZ½ ZiGji NbZ½ AGcÞv êwk| M

W = W1 nGj eÕ¦ywU mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq ZiGj WzGe ^vKGe| Avgiv Rvwb, Z½iY a nGj, ‰LvGb,
‰GÞGò eÕ¦ywUi Mo NbZ½ ZiGji NbGZ½i mgvb| Avevi W < W1 F = ma = m.v – u Avw` êM, u = 5ms– 1
nGj eÕ¦ywU mÁ·ƒYÆ WzeGe bv A^Ævr AvswkK wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe| t ˆkl êM, v = 30m/s
30 ms–1 – 5 ms–1
‰GÞGò eÕ¦ywUi Mo NbZ½ ZiGji NbZ½ AGcÞv Kg| myZivs ˆKvGbv = 20 kg 
5 sec mgqKvj, t = 5 sec
eÕ¦y ZiGj fvmv ev ˆWvev wbfÆi KGi gƒjZ ZiGji mvGcGÞ eÕ¦ywUi = 100 N (Ans.) eÕ¦yi fi, m = 20 kg
AvGcwÞK NbGZ½i Ici| cÉhyÚ eGji gvb, F = ?
N A I B AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi gnvKlÆxq wefekwÚ,
V = mgh = 20 kg  9.8m/s2  50m
= 9800J
K mgGqi mvG^ eÕ¦yi êM nËvGmi nviGK g±`b eGj|

1 1
A AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi MwZkwÚ, T1 = mu2 =  20 kg  (5m/s)2 L ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi Z½iY 10 m/s2 cƒeÆw`GK ejGZ eySvq, eÕ¦ywUi êM

2 2 cƒeÆw`GK cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 10 m/s nvGi e†w«¬ cvGœQ|
= 250 J
1 1 M cÉ^g 10 sec-‰i RbÅ, Avw`GeM, u = 10 m/s

‰es B AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi MwZkwÚ, T2 = 2mv2 = 2 20 kg (30m/s)
ˆklGeM, v = 30 m/s
= 9000J mgqKvj, t = 10 sec
 A AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi ˆgvU hvw¯¨K kwÚ, E1 = V + T1 u+v 10ms–1 + 30 ms–1
= 9800J + 250 J  cÉ^g 10 sec-‰i AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s1 = 2 t = 2
10sec
= 10050 J = 200 m
‰es B AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi ˆgvU hvw¯¨K kwÚ, E2 = V + T2 cGii 5 sec-‰i RbÅ,
= 9800J + 9000 J
mgGeM, v = 30 m/s
= 18800 J
ˆhGnZy 10050 J  18800 J mgqKvj, t = 5 sec
A^Ævr E1  E2  cGii 5 sec-‰i AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 = vt = 30 m/s  5 sec = 150 m
myZivs A I B AeÕ©vGb eÕ¦ywUi ˆgvU kwÚi ZviZgÅ NUGe| myZivs MvwowUi cÉ^g 15 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½,
s = s1 + s2 = 200m + 150 m = 350 m (Ans.)
cÉk² 161 ewikvj êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 1 N DóxcK gGZ, Mvwoi fi, m = 300 kg

Y MvwowUi mGeÆvœP êM, vmax = 30 m/s
1
40  MvwowUi mGeÆvœP MwZkwÚ, Tmax = 2mv2max
B C
30 1
=  300kg  (30m/s)2
20 2
êM (ms–1)
= 135000 J
10
DóxcGKi ˆjLgGZ,
O MvwowUi meÆwbÁ² êM, vmin = 0 m/s
5 10 15 20 25 30 X 1
mgq (s)  MvwowUi meÆwbÁ² MwZkwÚ, Tmin = 2 mvmin2
wPGò 300 kg fGii ‰KwU Mvwoi MwZGeM ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| 1
= 300kg  (0m/s)2
2
K. g±`b KvGK eGj? 1 =0J
L. ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi Z½iY 10 m/s2 cƒeÆw`GK ejGZ Kx eyS? 2 myZivs MvwowUi mGeÆvœP I meÆwbÁ² MwZkwÚi cv^ÆKÅ = Tmax – Tmin
M. MvwowUi cÉ^g 15 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3 = 13500J – 0J = 135000J
N. MvwowUi mGeÆvœP I meÆwbÁ² MwZkwÚi Zyjbv Ki| 4
cçg AaÅvq : c`vG^Æi AeÕ©v I Pvc

cÉk² 93 XvKv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3 L ˆfŒZ AeÕ©vi cwieZÆGbi mgq eÕ§ Zvc MÉnY KiGjI c`vG^Æi
'A'I 'B' cvGòi ZiGji NbZ½ h^vKÌGg 800 kgm3 ‰es 1260 kg AYymgƒGni MwZkwÚi cwieZÆb NGU bv eGjB ‰ mgq eÕ§i Zvcgvòvi
m3| A cvGòi ZiGji DœPZv 50 cm| 250gm fGii ‰KwU eÕ§GK cwieZÆb nq bv| Zvc cÉGqvM KiGj c`vG^Æi AfÅ¯¦ixY kwÚ e†w«¬ cvq| ‰i
A cvGòi ZiGj ˆQGo w`Gj 1.96 N IRb nvivq| MwZkwÚ AskUzKz eÕ§i Zvcgvòv wbaÆviY KGi| hLb ˆKvGbv c`v^Æ AeÕ©vi
K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1 cwieZÆGbi mgq Zvc MÉnY ev eRÆb KGi, ZLb Zvi AYyàGjvi gaÅKvi
L. AeÕ©vi cwieZÆGbi mgq eÕ§ Zvc MÉnY KiGjI Zvcgvòvi e®¬b wkw^j ev `†p nq gvò, AYyàGjvi bxU MwZkwÚi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq
cwieZÆb NGU bv ˆKb? 2 bv| dGj c`vG^Æi AeÕ©vi cwieZÆb NGU, wK¯§ Zvcgvòv AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK|
M. A cvGòi ZjG`Gk ZiGji Pvc wbYÆq Ki| 3 M

N. eÕ§wUGK B cvGòi ZiGj ˆQGo w`Gj ‰wU Kx AeÕ©vq Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, A cvGòi ˆÞGò,
^vKGe? weGkÏlY Ki| 4 P = hg ZiGji NbZ½,  = 800 kgm3
93 bs cÉGk²i Dîi = 0.5  800  9.8 ZiGji DœPZv, h = 50 cm
= 3920 N (Ans.)
K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGK Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc = 0.5 m
wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ¦ywU cÉevnxi AfÅ¯¦Gi PvGci cv^ÆGKÅi ì‚b AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
IcGii w`GK ˆh jwº¬ ej Abyfe KGi ZvGK µÏeZv eGj| Pvc, P = ?
N DóxcK nGZ, eÕ§i fi, m = 250 gm
 2.7
= 0.25 kg
= 500  (0.09 )
A cvGòi ZiGji NbZ½, A = 800 kg m3 = 15  103 N (Ans.)
B cvGòi ZiGji NbZ½, B = 1260 kg m3 N DóxcK nGZ cvB, ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gbi ˆÞGò,

A cvGòi ZiGj eÕ§wU ˆQGo w`Gj ‰wU 1.96 N IRb nvivq| ej, F1 = 500 N
myZivs, A cvGòi ZiGj eÕ§i Ici wKÌqviZ µÏeZv, ˆÞòdj, A1 = 0.09 m2
VAg = 1.96; [V = eÕ§i AvqZb] miY, l1 = 5 cm
1.96
ev, V = 800  9.8 = 0.05 m
eo wcÕ¡Gbi ˆÞGò, ej, F2 = 15  103 N (‘M’ Ask nGZ)
 V = 2.5  104 m3
Avevi, B cvGòi ZiGj eÕ§i Ici wKÌqviZ µÏeZv ˆÞòdj, A2 = 2.7 m2
= VBg ‰LvGb, eÅen†Z Zij AmsGKvPbxq weavq ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gb AebwgZ
= 2.5  104  1260  9.8 ZiGji AvqZb eo wcÕ¡Gb DwïZ ZiGji AvqZGbi mgvb|
= 3.087 N  A1l1 = A2l2
A^Ævr, B cvGò AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb = 3.087 N A
ev, l2 = A1  l1
eÕ§i IRb 0.25  9.8 2
‰Lb, = 0.09
eÕ§i mgAvqZb AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb 3.087 =  0.05
2.7
50
 eÕ§i IRb = 63  eÕ§i mgAvqZb AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb 1
= m
600
50
myZivs, eÕ§wUGK B cvGò ˆQGo w`Gj ‰i 63 Ask wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq ˆQvU wcÕ¡b KZ‡ÆK ZiGji Ici KvGRi cwigvY, W1 = F1l1
fvmGe| = 500  0.05
= 25 Nm
cÉk² 94 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4 = 25 J
Avevi, Zij KZ‡ÆK eo wcÕ¡Gb KvGRi cwigvY,
F1 = 500N W2 = F2l2
wcÕ¡b-1 F2
wcÕ¡b-2 1
= 15  103 
5 cm ˆÞòdj A1 = 0.09 m
2 600
= 25 Nm
ˆÞòdj A2 = 2.7m2
= 25 J
‰LvGb, W1 = W2
K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1 myZivs DóxcGKi cÉ`î Z^Åvewj AbymvGi, ˆQvU wcÕ¡b KZ‡ÆK
L. nuvwo-cvwZj cvwbGZ fvGm ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 ZiGji Ici K‡ZKvGRi mgvb cwigvY KvR-Zij KZ‡ÆK eo
M. F2-‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 3 wcÕ¡Gbi Dci K‡Z nGe A^Ævr ‰GÞGò KvGRi ˆKvGbvi…c cwieZÆb
N. DóxcGKi cÉ`î Z^Åvewj AbymvGi Dfq wcÕ¡Gb KvGRi nGe bv|
cwieZÆb nGqGQ wKbv? hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
cÉk² 95 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3
94 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆMvjKvK‡wZ ‰KwU wbGiU ivevGii eGji eÅvmvaÆ 21 ˆm.wg| ejwUi
K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGK Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc
wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ¦ywU cÉevnxi IRGbi ì‚b IcGii w`GK ˆh jwº¬ fi 5 kg| cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kgm | ejwUGK cvwbGZ wbgwäZ
3
ej Abyfe KGi ZvGK µÏeZv eGj| Kivi RbÅ ˆjvnvi UzKiv eGji AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉGek KivGbv nGjv| cÉwZwU
ˆjvnvi UzKivi fi 5kg|
L nuvwo-cvwZj mvaviYZ AÅvjywgwbqvg w`Gq ŠZwi Kiv nq| K. evqygíjxq Pvc KvGK eGj? 1
AÅvjywgwbqvGgi NbZ½ cvwb AGcÞv êwk nIqv mGî½I AÅvjywgwbqvGgi L. eid cvwbGZ fvGm ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
nuvwo-cvwZj cvwbGZ fvGm| KviY nuvwo-cvwZGji AÅvjywgwbqvg ^vGK
M. ivevGii ejwUi NbZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
Lye cvZjv ‰es ZjG`Gki AvqZb ^vGK êwk| ZvQvov nuvwo-cvwZGji
N. 10wU ˆjvnvi UzKiv eGji AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉGek KivGj ejwU cvwbGZ
wfZiUv ^vGK duvcv| ‰RbÅ AÅvjywgwbqvGgi ŠZwi nuvwo-cvwZj «¼viv
WzeGe wKbv MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| (msGkvwaZ) 4
AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb nuvwo-cvwZGji IRGbi ˆ^GK êwk nq| Avgiv
95 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Rvwb, eÕ§i IRb eÕ§ «¼viv AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRGbi ˆPGq Kg nGj eÕ§
cvwbGZ fvGm| ZvB AÅvjywgwbqvGgi nuvwo-cvwZj cvwbGZ fvGm| K evqygíj Zvi IRGbi RbÅ f„c†GÓ¤ cÉwZ ‰KK ˆÞòdGj jÁ¼fvGe
M ˆh cwigvY ej cÉGqvM KGi ZvGK H Õ©vGbi evqygíjxq Pvc eGj|
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i NbZ½ cvwb AGcÞv Kg nGj eÕ§wU cvwbGZ fvmGe,
F 2 A2
= ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gbi ˆÞòdj, A1 = 0.09 m2 êwk nGj WzGe hvGe| eid cvwbi ‰KwU ˆfŒZ AeÕ©v| cvwb hLb
F1 A1 ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gb cÉhyÚ ej, F1 = 500 N eiGd cwiYZ nq ZLb ‰i AvqZb e†w«¬ cvq wK¯§ fi ‰KB ^vGK|
 F 2 = F1 (AA )2
1
eo wcÕ¡Gbi ˆÞòdj, A2 = 2.7 m2
eo wcÕ¡Gb cÉvµ¦ ej, F2 = ?
hvi KviGY NbZ½ nËvm cvq| ZvB eid cvwbGZ fvGm| ‰GÞGò eid
LGíi IRb = AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb|
M
 M

 eGji AvqZb, ‰LvGb, Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
4 ivevGii eGji eÅvmvaÆ, P = hg cvwbi MfxiZv, h = 10 cm
V = r3 = 0.1  1000  9.8 = 0.1 m
3 r = 21 cm = 0.21 m
4 eGji fi, m = 5 kg
= 980 Pa (Ans.) cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg m3
=  3.1416  (0.21)3
= 38.792  103 m3 cvwbi ZjG`Gk Pvc, P = ?
m
 NbZ½,  = N DóxcK nGZ, A I B c†GÓ¤i MfxiZv, h = 4 cm

V
5 kg = 0.04 m
=
38.792  103 m3 A c†GÓ¤i ˆÞòdj, A1 = 4 cm2
= 128.89 kg m3 (Ans.) = 4  104 m2
B c†GÓ¤i ˆÞòdj, A2 = 16 cm2
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, ivevGii eGji fi, m1 = 5 kg
 = 1.6  103 m2
cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3 Rvbv AvGQ, cvwbi NbZ½  = 100 kg m ‰es AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g =
3
cÉwZwU ˆjvnvi UzKivi fi = 5 kg 9.8 m/s2|

 10wU ˆjvnvi UzKivi fi, m2 = 5  10 kg A c†GÓ¤ ej, F1 = A1hg
= 50 kg = 4  104  0.04  1000  9.8
 50 kg fi ivevGii eGji AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉGek KivGj ˆgvU fi, m = m1+ m2 = 0.1568 N m2
= (5 + 50) kg A c†GÓ¤ Pvc, P1 = hg
= 55 kg = 0.04  1000  9.8
= 392 N m2
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, eGji AvqZb, V = 38.792  10 3
m3
B c†GÓ¤ ej, F2 = A2hg
cvwbGZ ejwU WzevGj ‰i Ici wKÌqviZ µÏeZv, F = Vg = 1.6  103  0.04  1000  9.8
= 38.792  103  1000  9.8 = 0.6272 N
= 380.162 N ‰es B c†GÓ¤ Pvc, P2 = hg
Avevi, eÕ§i evZvGm IRb, W = mg = 0.04  1000  9.8 N
= 55  9.8 = 392 N m2
= 539 N ‰LvGb,
‰LvGb, eÕ§i cÉK‡Z IRb ‰i Ici wKÌqviZ µÏeZv ej AGcÞv P1 = P2 wK¯§ F1  F2
êwk| myZivs, eÕ§wU cvwbGZ WzGe hvGe| A^Æ v r, A I B c†GÓ¤ Pvc mgvb nGjI ej wf®² nGe|
h1 30 cm cvwb 6 cm
A D
4 cm 4 cm
90 cm
A B h
10 cm m = 100 g
3 cm
cvwb B C
P
A I B c†Ó¤ `ywUi ˆÞòdj h^vKÌGg 4 cm2 I 16 cm2| cvwbi NbZ½ cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kg m3, AwfKlÆR Z½iY 9.8 m/s2, ABCD
1000 kg m3| AvqZvKvi NbeÕ§i wbÁ²ZGji ˆÞòdj 800 eMÆ ˆm.wg.| (msGkvwaZ)
K. evqygíjxq Pvc KvGK eGj? 1 K. cxob KvGK eGj? 1
L. DœPZv e†w«¬i mvG^ evqygíjxq Pvc nËvm cvq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv L. evqy gíjxq PvGc gvbeG`Gni AvK‡ wZi cwieZÆ b NGU bv ˆKb?2
KGiv| 2 M. ABCD eÕ§i Ici wKÌqviZ µÏeZvi gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 3
M. cvGòi ZjG`Gk cvwb KZ‡ÆK cÉhyÚ Pvc wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. P eÕ§wU DóxcGKi cvGòi cvwbGZ ˆQGo w`Gj WzeGe bv
fvmGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
N. "A I B c†GÓ¤ Pvc mgvb nGjI ej wf®² nGe” DwÚwU 97 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
96 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K evwnÅK eGji cÉfvGe ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi gGaÅ weK‡wZi m†wÓ¡ nGj
wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi ì‚b eÕ¦yi wfZGi ‰KwU cÉwZGiva eGji D«¿e nq|
K evqyg´£j Zvi IRGbi RbÅ f„c†GÓ¤ cÉwZ ‰KK ˆÞòdGj jÁ¼fvGe eÕ¦yi wfZi ‰KK ˆÞòdGj D«¿ƒZ ‰ cÉwZGivaKvix ejGK cxob eGj|
ˆh cwigvY ej cÉGqvM KGi ZvGK H Õ©vGbi evqygíjxq Pvc eGj| L c†wêxc†GÓ¤ evqygíGji Pvc cÉwZ eMÆwgUvGi cÉvq 105 N| ‰KRb
L evqy ‰KwU cÉevnx c`v^Æ| myZivs evqygíjxq Pvc wbfÆi KGi cƒYÆeqÕ• gvbyGli ˆ`Gni ˆÞòdj 1.5 m2 aiGj evqygíj Zvi
evqygíGji DœPZv I evqyi NbGZ½i Ici| mgy`Ë mgZj ˆ^GK hZ ˆ`Gni Ici 1.5  105 N ej cÉGqvM KGi| ZGe gvbyGli kixGii
IcGi IVv hvq, evqy Õ¦GÁ¿i IRb I NbZ½ ZZ nËvm cvq| ‰RbÅ wfZGi iGÚi Pvc evBGii ‰B Pvc AGcÞv mvgvbÅ êwk eGj gvbyl
DœPZv e†w«¬i mvG^ mvG^ evqygíjxq Pvc KGg A^Ævr f„-c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK mvaviYZ evqyi ‰B Pvc Abyfe KGi bv| dGj evqygíjxq PvGc
hZ DcGi DVv hvq evqyi Pvc ZZ KgGZ ^vGK| gvbeG`Gni AvK‡wZi cwieZÆb NGU bv|
M ‰LvGb, nq| ‰GÞGò Pvc Kg Abyf„Z nq| ZvB BGUi ˆLvqvi Ici w`Gq
ABCD AvqZvKvi NbeÕ§i wbÁ²ZGji ˆÞòdj, A = 800 cm2 = nuvUvi mgq Pvc êwk Abyf„Z nIqvq eÅ^v Abyf„Z nq, ZvB ˆmLvGb
0.08 m2 nuvUv KÓ¡mvaÅ|
eÕ§wUi DœPZv, l = h  h1
= (90  30) cm
M awi, DœPZv = c m
= 60 cm = 0.6 m Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 eÕ§wUi AvqZb, V = Al AvqZb = 
m A eÕ§i fi, m = 500 g = 0.5 kg
= (0.08  0.6) m3 NbZ½,  = 1.04 gmcm3
= 0.048 m3 0.5 = 1040 kgm3
ev, abc = 1040
ˆ`qv AvGQ, cvwbi NbZ½, w = 1000 kg m 3
Š`NÆÅ, a = 10 cm = 0.1 m
0.5
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 ev, c = 1040 × 0.1 × 0.06 cÉÕ©, b = 6 cm = 0.06 m
 ABCD eÕ§i Ici wKÌqviZ µÏeZvi gvb = eÕ§wU KZÆ†K AcmvwiZ = 0.08 m
cvwbi IRb ‰Lb, a I b «¼viv A1 Zj, b I c «¼viv A2 Zj ‰es c I a «¼viv A3
= Vwg Zj m†wÓ¡ nGj,
= 0.048  1000  9.8
= 470.4 N (Ans.) A1 Zj «¼viv cÉhyÚ Pvc,
F mg 0.5 × 9.8
N DóxcK nGZ, P eÕ§i fi, m = 100 g = 0.1 kg P1 = = = = 816.667 N m2
A1 ab 0.1 × 0.06
P eÕ§i DœPZv, h = 3 cm = 0.03 m A2 Zj «¼viv cÉhyÚ Pvc,
6 cm mg 0.5 × 9.8
eKÌZGji eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 = 3 cm = 0.03 m P2 = = = 1020.83 N m2
bc 0.06 × 0.08
cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3 A3 Zj «¼viv cÉhyÚ Pvc,
‰Lb, P eÕ§i AvqZb, V = r2h P3 =
mg 0.5 × 9.8
= = 612.5 N m2 (Ans.)
= 3.1416  (0.03)2  0.03 ca 0.08 × 0.1
= 84.82  106 m3
N ˆÌqv AvGQ,

P eÕ§i evZvGm IRb, W = mg
cvwbi NbZ½, W = 1000 kg m3
= 0.1 kg  9.8 m/s2
= 0.98 N w™ÏmvwiGbi NbZ½, g = 1260 kg m3
P eÕ§wU mgAvqZb cvwbi IRb, eÕ§wUi fi, m = 0.5 kg
F = Vg eÕ§i AvqZb, V = abc
= 84.82  106  1000  9.8 = 0.831 N = 0.1 × 0.06 × 0.08
‰LvGb, eÕ§i IRb eÕ§i mgAvqZb cvwbi IRGbi ˆPGq Kg| = 4.8 × 104 m3
myZivs eÕ§wU cvwbGZ WzGe hvGe| ˆÌqv AvGQ, eÕ§i NbZ½,  = 1.04 gm cm3 = 1040 kg m–3
myZivs, eÕ§wU cvwbGZ WzGe hvGe (KviY  > w) ‰es w™ÏmvwiGb
cÉk² 98 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7
AvswkK wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq ˆfGm ^vKGe (KviY  < g)
A eÕ§i NbZ½ 1.04 gm cm3.  cvwbGZ eÕ§wU ˆQGo w`Gj wKÌqviZ µÏeZv,
c`v^Æ NbZ½ F1 = Vwg
cvwb 1000 kg/m3 = 4.8 × 104 × 1000 × 9.8
w™Ïmvwib 1260 kg/m3 = 4.704 N
6 cm 500g Avevi, w™ÏmvwiGbi wKÌqviZ µÏeZv = eÕ§wUi IRb
10 cm [g = 9.8 m/s2] ev, F2 = mg
A eÕ§ = 0.5 kg  9.8 m/s2
K. Pvc KvGK eGj? 1 = 4.9 N
L. mgvb BGUi ivÕ¦vq Lvwj cvGq nuvUv ‰es BGUi ˆLvqvi Dci ‰LvGb, F1  F2 myZivs eÕ§wUGK cvwbGZ I w™ÏmvwiGb ˆQGo w`Gj
w`Gq nuvUv ˆKvbwU KÓ¡mvaÅeÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 µÏeZv mgvb nGe bv|
M. DóxcGKi A eÕ§ KZ‡ÆK ˆh ˆKvGbv ZGji Dci cÉhyÚ PvGci cÉk² 99 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6
gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. eÕ§wUGK cvwbGZ I w™ÏmvwiGb ˆQGo w`Gj µÏeZv mgvb nGe
3cm
wK? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
98 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
2 cm
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i cÉwZ ‰KK ˆÞòdGji Ici jÁ¼fvGe cÉhyÚ eGji
 54 gm 54 gm
gvbGK Pvc eGj|
L BGUi ˆLvqvi ivÕ¦vq BGUi ˆLvqvi ˆKvYvàGjv AGbK muƒPvGjv ev P-NbK Q-ˆMvjK R-cvwb fwZÆ cvò
mi‚ nq| hvi dGj Lvwj cvGq ‰i Ici nuvUGj AÍ¸ ˆÞòdGji Dci cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kg m3
hG^Ó¡ ej cÉhyÚ nq| ‰GÞGò PvGci gvb AZÅvwaK êwk nq| P I Q eÕ§ `ywUGK c†^KfvGe R cvGòi cvwbGZ ivLv nGj, µÏeZvi
AbÅw`GK mgvb BGUi ivÕ¦vq ‰KB ej êwk ˆÞòdGji Ici cÉhyÚ gvb ‰i wf®²Zv ˆ`Lv hvq|
K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1 cÉk² 100 ewikvj êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3
L. cuPv wWg cvwbGZ fvGm ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI:
M. P eÕ§wUi NbZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. ‰KB fi nIqv mGî½I P I Q eÕ§ `ywUi RbÅ µÏeZvi gvGbi
wf®²Zvi KviY Kx? MvwYwZK hywÚi mvnvGhÅ gZvgZ `vI| 4 P Q
99 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 1.5 m
K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGK Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc 1m
wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ¦ywU cÉevnxi IRGbi ì‚b IcGii w`GK ˆh jwº¬

R S
ej Abyfe KGi ZvGK µÏeZv eGj| cvwb
L cuPv wWg cvwbGZ fvGm KviY cuPv wWGgi Mo NbZ½ cvwbi wmwj´£vGii PQ ZGji ˆÞòdj = 1.5 m2, cvwbi NbZ½ = 1000 kg m3,
NbGZ½i ˆPGq Kg| wK¯§ fvj wWg cvwbGZ WzGe KviY fvj wWGgi g = 9.8 m/s2|
NbZ½ cvwbi NbGZ½i ˆPGq êwk| wWg hLb cuGP hvq ZLb wWGgi K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1
mwœQ`Ë ˆLvmvi gaÅw`Gq MÅvm êi nGq hvq ‰es ‰ KviGY ‰KB L. NbZ½ eÕ§i Zvcgvòvi Ici wbfÆi KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
AvqZGbi wWGgi NbZ½ KGg hvq| Avi NbZ½ KGg hvIqvi KviGYB M. wmwj´£vGii DcGii c†GÓ¤ Zij KZ‡ÆK wbÁ²gyLx ej KZ? 3
cuPv wWg cvwbGZ fvGm| N. eÕ§wUi Ici cvwb ˆh Ea»ÆgyLx jwº¬ej cÉGqvM KGi Zv eÕ§ KZ‡ÆK
AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRGbi mgvb MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M 100 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGK Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc
NbGKi AvqZb, v = a3 P NbGKi evüi Š`NÆÅ,
wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ¦ywU cÉevnxi IRGbi ì‚b IcGii w`GK ˆh jwº¬
= (0.03 m)3 = 2.7 105 m3 a = 3cm = 0.03 m
ej Abyfe KGi ZvGK µÏeZv eGj|
fi g NbKwUi fi, m = 54 gm
Avevi, NbZ½,  = L eÕ§GZ Zvc cÉGqvM KiGj ‰i AYy-cigvYymgƒn ciÕ·i nGZ `ƒGi
AvqZb V = 0.054 kg
0.054 kg NbGKi AvqZi, v = ? mGi hvq eGj ‰i AvqZb e†w«¬ cvq| ˆhGnZz fi wbw`ÆÓ¡ ^vGK ‰es
= 5 3 NbZ½ nGjv fi I AvqZGbi AbycvZ, ZvB Zvcgvòv e†w«¬GZ eÕ§i
2.7  10 m ‰es NbZ½  = ?
3
= 2000 kg m (Ans.) NbZ½ nËvm cvq| wecixZKÌGg, Zvcgvòv nËvGm eÕ§i AvqZb nËvm cvq
‰es NbZ½ e†w«¬ cvq| ZGe ˆKvGbv ˆKvGbv ˆÞGò (ˆhgb cvwb) ‰i
N DóxcK nGZ, cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg m3 eÅwZKÌg cwijwÞZ nq| cvwbi ˆÞGò, 0C ˆ^GK 4C chÆ¯¦ Zvcgvòv
Q ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 cm = 0.02 m e†w«¬i mvG^ NbZ½ e†w«¬ cvq ‰es ‰ici NbZ½ nËvm ˆcGZ ^vGK|
4 3
 Q ˆMvjGKi AvqZb, VQ = r M
3
4 wPò nGZ, PQ ZGji MfxiZv, ‰LvGb,
=  3.1416  (0.02)3 h = 1.5 m  1 m = 0.5 m PQ ZGji ˆÞòdj, A = 1.5 m2
3
5
= 3.35  10 m 3 Avgiv Rvwb, cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3
‘M’ Ask nGZ, P-NbGKi AvqZb, Vp = 2.7  105 m3 wmwj´£vGii DcGii c†GÓ¤ Zij AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
KZ‡ÆK wbÁ²gyLx ej,
P-NbGKi ˆÞGò R-cvGò wKÌqviZ µÏeZv,
F = Ahg
Fp = Vpg = 1.5  0.5  1000  9.8
= 2.7  105  1000  9.8 = 7350 N (Ans.)
= 0.2646 N
N
Q-ˆMvjGKi ˆÞGò R-cvGò wKÌqviZ µÏeZv, ‰Lb, cvwb KZ‡ÆK Da»ÆgyLx jwº¬ DóxcK nGZ,
FQ = VQg ej, wmwj´£viwUi e†îxq c†GÓ¤i
= 3.35  105  1000  9.8 F = F2  F1 ˆÞòdj, A = 1.5 m2
= 0.3283 N = A1 (h2  h1) g DœPZv, h = 1 m
‰LvGb, jÞÅ Kwi, Fp < FQ = 1.5 (1.5  0.5)  1000  9.8
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, DcGii
‰B µÏeZv eGji wf®²Zvi KviY wbÁ²i…c: = 14.7  103 N
Avevi, eÕ§ KZ‡ÆK AcmvwiZ c†G Ó¤i MfxiZv, h1 = 0.5 m
µÏeZv = eÕ§ KZÆ†K AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb wbGPi c†
GÓ¤i MfxiZv, h2 = 1.5 m
cvwbi IRb,
= eÕ§i AvqZb  ZiGji NbZ½  AwfKlÆR Z½iY W = Vg cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3
myZivs ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ZiGj ˆKvGbv eÕ§i µÏeZv H eÕ§i AvqZGbi = Ahg
=1.5  1  1000  9.8 = 14.7  103 N
Ici wbfÆi KGi, eÕ§wUi fGii Ici bq|
F=W
‰LvGb, ˆhGnZz P I Q eÕ§ `ywUi AvqZb wf®² ZvB fi mgvb nIqv myZivs, eÕ§wUi Ici cvwb ˆh Da»ÆgyLx jwº¬ ej cÉGqvM KGi Zv eÕ§
mGî½I µÏeZvi gvb wf®² nGqGQ| KZ‡ÆK AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRGbi mgvb|
cÉk² 101 mKj êvWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 6 M. eÕ§i Dcv`vGbi NbZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. DóxcKwU AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒò ˆgGb PGj wKbv MvwYwZKfvGe
200 g fGii ‰KwU AvqZvKvi eÕ§i ˆÞòdj I DœPZv h^vKÌGg 24
cm2 I 3 cm | ˆKGivwmGb eÕ§i IRb 1.4 N| DGÍÏLÅ ˆh, ˆKGivwmGbi weGkÏlY Ki| 4
NbZ½ 800 kg m–3|
K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1 K ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK wÕ©i Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆ

L. b`xi cvwb AGcÞv mvMGii cvwbGZ muvZvi KvUv mnRZi WzevGj eÕ§wU wKQy IRb nvivq eGj gGb nq| ‰B nvivGbv IRb
ˆKb? 2 eÕ§wUi «¼viv AcmvwiZ Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æi IRGbi mgvb|
M. eÕ§wUi Dcv`vGbi NbZ½ KZ? 3 L ˆKvGbv eÕ§i fvmv ‰es wbgäGbi kZÆàGjv nGjv
N. cÉ`î Dcvî AvwKÆwgwWGmi bxwZ ˆgGb PGj wK bv i. hw` W1 > W2 nq, A^Ævr eÕ§i IRb (W1) hw` eÕ§ KZÆ†K
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb (W2) AGcÞv êwk nq ZvnGj eÕ§
101 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ZiGj WzGe hvGe|
K wÕ©i Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe wbgwäZ ii. hw` W1 = W2 nq, A^Ævr eÕ§i IRb hw` eÕ§ KZÆ†K AcmvwiZ
ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Ici Zij ev evqexq c`v^Æ jÁ¼fvGe ˆh Ea»ÆgyLx ej ZiGji IRGbi mgvb nq ZvnGj eÕ§wU ZiGj mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ
cÉGqvM KGi ZvGK µÏeZv eGj| AeÕ©vq fvmGe|
L b`xi cvwb AGcÞv mvMGii cvwbi NbZ½ êwk| dGj F = Vg iii. hw` W1 < W2 nq, A^Ævr eÕ§i IRb hw` eÕ§ KZÆ†K AcmvwiZ
ev F   mƒòvbymvGi, b`xi cvwb ˆ^GK mvMGii cvwbGZ µÏeZv ej ZiGji IRGbi ˆPGq Kg nq ZvnGj eÕ§wU ZiGj AvswkK
êwk nq| ‰B AwaK µÏeZv eGji KviGYB b`xi cvwb AGcÞv wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe|
mvMGii cvwbGZ ˆfGm ^vKv Z^v muvZvi KvUv mnRZi|
M

M Avgiv Rvwb, eÕ§i fi m nGj, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
eÕ§wUi AvqZb, v = Ah ˆÌqv AvGQ, w 9.8 N eÕ§i ˆÞòdj, A = 20 cm2
m= = = 1 kg
= 24  104 m2  0.03 m AvqZvKvi eÕ§i ˆÞòdj, g 9.8 ms2 = 20 104 m2
= 7.2  105 m3 A = 24 cm2 = 24  104 m2 Avevi, ‰es DœPZv, h = 10 cm = 0.1 m
fi m ‰es DœPnZv, h = 3 cm = 0.03 m m evqyGZ (ev cÉK‡Z IRb),
Avevi, NbZ½ = NbZ½,  = v
AvqZb v eÕ§wUi fi, m = 200g = 0.2 kg W = 9.8 N
m
=
0.2 kg Dcv`vGbi NbZ½,  = ? = AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s1
7.2  105 m3 Ah
1 kg eÕ§wUi fi, m = 200 g = 0.2 kg
= 2777.8 kg m3 (Ans.) =
20  104 m2  0.1 m eÕ§i Dcv`vGbi NbZ½,  = ?
N ‰LvGb,

= 5000 kg m3 (Ans.)
AvqZvKvi eÕ§i fi, m = 200g
= 200  103kg N 9(N)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|

 AvqZvKvi eÕ§i evZvGm IRb, W1 = mg cÉk² 103 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2
= (200  103  9.8) N
= 1.96 N AvqZGbi ‰KwU eÕ§i evZvGm IRb 19.6 N. cvwbGZ
400 cm3
 ˆKGivwmGb eÕ§wUi nvivGbv IRb, wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ§wUi IRb nq 15.68 N. cixÞYxq Õ©vGb

W = W1  W1 = (1.96  1.4) N AwfKlÆ R Z½ iY, g = 9.8 m s2|
= 0.56 N K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, L. wbw`ÆÓ¡ MfxiZvq Pvc ZiGji cÉK‡wZi Ici wbfÆikxj
AvqZvKvi eÕ§i AvqZb, v = 7.2  105m3 eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
ˆKGivwmGb eÕ§wUi IRb, W1 = 1.4 N M. DóxcGKi eÕ§wUi NbZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
 eÕ§wUGK ˆKGivwmGb mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc ˆWvevGj eÕ§wUi Ici wKÌqviZ N. DóxcK AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒòGK mg^Æb KGi Kx bv? MvwYwZKfvGe
µÏeZv ej, weGkÏlY KGi gZvgZ `vI| 4
F = Vg
5
103 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
= (7.2  10  800  9.8)N
= 0.56 N K wÕ©i Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe wbgwäZ
ˆhGnZz, F = W; ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Ici Zij ev evqexq c`v^Æ ˆh Ea»ÆgyLx ej cÉGqvM KGi
AZ‰e, cÉ`î Dcvî AvwKÆwgwWGmi bxwZ ˆgGb PGj| ZvGK µÏeZv eGj|
cÉk² 102 L Avgiv Rvwb, Pvc, P = hg| ‰LvGb, h = ZiGji MfxiZv,  =
XvKv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4
ZiGji NbZ½, g = AwfKlÆR Z½iY| ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGb g aË‚eK
20 cm2 ˆÞòdj I 10 cm DœPZvwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eÕ§i evZvGm I
‰es wbw`ÆÓ¡ MfxiZvq h aË‚eK|
cvwbGZ IRb h^vKÌGg 9.8 N ‰es 7.84 N|
P
‰LvGb, g = 9.8 m s 2
ˆhGnZz wewf®² ZiGji NbZ½ wewf®², ˆmGnZz wbw`ÆÓ¡ MfxiZvq ZiGji
K. AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒòwU wee†Z Ki| 1 Pvc KZ nGe ˆmUv NbGZ½i Ici wbfÆi KGi| ZvB ejv hvq, wbw`ÆÓ¡
L. ˆKvGbv eÕ§i fvmv ‰es wbgäGbi kZÆàGjv DGÍÏL Ki| 2 MfxiZvq Pvc ZiGji cÉK‡wZ Z^v NbGZ½i Ici wbfÆikxj|
M 3(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 5000 kg m3
 AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2
N 9(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|
 cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg m3
RjhvbwU mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ nGj Rjhvb KZÆ†K AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb
Z^v cÉvµ¦ µÏeZv, W1 = Vg
900 m AvqZGbi ‰es 300 kg fGii ‰KwU Rjhvb cvwbGZ ˆfGm
3
= 900 m3  1000 kg m3  9.8 m s2
^vGK| ZLb Dnvi Dci 2.94 × 106 N µÏeZv KvR KGi| RjhvbwUi = 8.82  106 N
AvKvi AcwieZÆbxq îGL mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq mveGgwib RjhvbwUi AvKvi AcwieZÆbxq îGL mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq
wnmvGe PvjvGZ ˆPÓ¡v Kiv nGjv| mveGgwib wnmvGe PvjvGZ nGj RjhvbwUi fi cwieZÆb KiGZ nGe|
K. µÏeZv KvGK eGj? 1 awi, RjhvGbi cwiewZÆZ fi = m
L. wbw`ÆÓ¡ ZiGj wbw`ÆÓ¡ MfxiZvq ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ PvGci mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ nGq fvmvi ˆÞGò Avgiv Rvwb,
ZviZGgÅi KviY Kx? 2 RjhvGbi IRb = Rjhvb KZÆ†K AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb (µÏeZv)
M. ˆfGm ^vKv AeÕ©vq RjhvbwUi AvqZGbi KZ Ask cvwbGZ ev, mg = 8.82  106 N
WzGe ^vGK? 3 8.82  106 N
ev, m = 9.8 m s2 = 9  105 kg
N. Kx aiGbi cwieZÆGbi dGj DwÍÏwLZ ˆkGlvÚ ˆPÓ¡v mdj
 RjhvGbi fi e†w«¬ = (9  105  3  105) kg
nGe? MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4 = 6  105 kg
104 bs cÉGk²i Dîi AZ‰e, RjhvbwUi fi 6  105 kg e†w«¬
KiGj ‰wUGK mveGgwib
K Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe wbgwäZ ˆKvGbv wnGmGe PvjvGbv mÁ¿e nGe|
eÕ§i Ici Zij ev evqexq c`v^Æ ˆh Da»ÆgyLx jwº¬ ej cÉGqvM KGi cÉk² 105 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1
ZvGK µÏeZv eGj|
ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK 0.01 cm. DÚ ÕÐvBW KÅvwjcvmÆ
L Avgiv Rvwb, Pvc, P = hg; ‰LvGb, h = ZiGji MfxiZv,  = w`Gq ‰KwU ˆMvjGKi eÅvm cwigvc Kiv nj, hvi
ZiGji NbZ½, g = AwfKlÆR Z½iY| wbw`ÆÓ¡ ZiGji NbZ½ () wbw`ÆÓ¡, gƒj ˆÕ•Gji cvV 12.2 cm
wbw`ÆÓ¡ MfxiZv (h) wbw`ÆÓ¡| wK¯§ c†wêxi wewf®² Õ©vGb AwfKlÆR fvwbÆqvi mgcvZb 5
Z½iGYi (g) gvb wewf®²| ZvB ejv hvq, wbw`ÆÓ¡ ZiGj wbw`ÆÓ¡ h¯¨wUi hvw¯¨K ò‚wU ˆbB
MfxiZvq ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ PvGci ZviZGgÅi KviY- wewf®² Õ©vGb DÚ ˆMvjGKi fi 1 kg AaÅvq 1 I 5 ‰i mg®¼Gq
AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi gvGbi wewf®²Zv| K. jwNÓ¤ MYb Kx? 1
M DóxcK nGZ cvB, L. ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
ˆfGm ^vKv AeÕ©vq µÏeZv, W1 = 2.94  106 N M. DÚ ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 3
RjhvGbi AvqZb, V = 900 m 3 N. DÚ ˆMvjKwU cvwbGZ fvmGe bv Wz eGe MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg m 3 105 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2 K e†îvKvi ˆÕ•j gvò ‰K Ni NyivGj ‰wU ŠiwLK ˆÕ•Gj hZUzKz
awi, RjhvGbi Wze¯¦ AsGki AvqZb = V1 `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi ZvB nGœQ Õ˜zMGRi bƒÅbvâ ev jwNÓ¤ MYb|
Avgiv Rvwb, µÏeZv = eÕ§i wbgwäZ AsGki mgAvqZb ZiGji
L Avgiv Rvwb,
IRb, A^Ævr W1 = V1g
êM miY
W 2.94  106 N
ev, V1 = g1 = 1000 kg m3  9.8 m s2 ej = fi  Z½iY = fi  = fi 
mgq (mgq)2
= 300 m3 ‰LvGb, fi, miY ‰es mgq nGjv ˆgŒwjK ivwk| myZivs ‰KvwaK
V1 300 m3 1 ˆgŒwjK ivwki mg¯¼Gq MwVZ nIqvq ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk|
‰Lb, = V 900 m 3=
3
1 M
ev, V1 =  V
3 ˆMvjKwU eÅvm, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
AZ‰e, ˆfGm ^vKv AeÕ©vq RjhvbwUi AvqZGbi ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk d = M + V  VC ÕÐvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi cÉavb ˆÕ•j
cvwbGZ WzGe ^vGK| = 12.2 cm + 5  0.01 cm cvV, M = 12.2 cm
= 12.25 cm
(Avgiv Rvwb, AvswkK wbgwäZ nGq fvmv AeÕ©vq µÏeZv ej eÕ§i fvwbÆqvi mgcvZb, V = 5
 ˆMvjKwUi eÅvmvaÆ,
IRGbi mgvb| ‰LvGb, eÕ§i IRb = 300 kg × 9.8 m s2 = 2.94 × 12.25 cm fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK, VC = 0.01 cm
103 N| wK¯§ cÉ`î µÏeZv ej, 2.94 × 106 N; ‰ Z^Å«¼q ciÕ·i r= = 6.125 cm
2
msMwZcƒYÆ bq| myZivs DóxcGK cÉ`î Z^Å mwVK bq| AZ‰e, N ‰Lb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
RjhvbwUi cÉK‡Z fi, ˆMvjKwUi fi, m = 1 kg
2.94  106
m=
9.8
kg = 3  105 kg ‘M’ nGZ cvB,
ˆMvjKwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 6.125 cm = 6.125  102 m
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
  ˆMvjKwUi AvqZb,
RjhvGbi AvqZb, V = 900 m3 4 4
V =  r3 =  3.1416  (6.125  102 m)3
RjhvGbi fi, m = 3  105 kg 3 3
= 9.625  104 m3
1 m3 AvqZGbi cvwbi fi = 1000 kg 107 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
9.625  104m3 AvqZGbi cvwbi fi = 1000  9.625  104 K Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK cwieZÆb KGi ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK

= 0.9625 kg < 1 kg AbÅ AeÕ©v ev AeÕ©vGb AvbGj eÕ§ KvR Kivi ˆh mvg^ÆÅ ARÆb
ˆhGnZz ˆMvjKwUi fi 1 kg ‰es ‰wU «¼viv AcmvwiZ cvwbi fi 0.9625 kg, KGi ZvGK wefe kwÚ eGj|
myZivs ˆMvjKwU cvwbGZ WzeGe|
L ‰KgyL e®¬ cÉvq ‰K wgUvi jÁ¼v ‰KwU cvi`cƒYÆ KvP bjGK
cÉk² 106 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4 cvi`cƒYÆ cvGò DÎŸv KGi LvovfvGe ivLGj evqygíGji PvGci KviGY
‰KwU AvqZvKvi eÐGKi ZjG`Gki ˆÞòdj 25 cm2| ‰GK cvwbi gGaÅ cvi` Õ¦Á¿ wKQzUv ˆbGg ‰Gm wÕ©i nq A^Ævr DcGii wKQzUv Ask evqy
kƒbÅ nq| ‰B kƒbÅ Õ©vbGK UwiGmwji kƒbÅÕ©vb eGj|
WzevGbv nj| cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kg m3| cvwbi DcwiZj ˆ^GK eÐGKi
DcGii c†GÓ¤i MfxiZv 5 cm, eÐGKi DœPZv 2 cm| eÐGKi fi 200 g  M 2(M)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|
F 2 A2 r2 2
‰es cvwbGZ IRb 1.47 N|
K. NbZ½ Kx? 1
Hints: = =
F1 A1 ()r1
; Dîi: 2  104 N
L. KwVb eÕ§i ˆKvGbv ZiGj fvmb I wbgäGbi KviY eÅvLÅv  N ˆÌqv AvGQ, ZiGji NbZ½,  = 800 kg m3
A eÕ§i fi, m = 20 gm = 20  103 kg
Ki| 2
‰es eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 cm = 2  102 m
M. eÐGKi ZjG`Gk cvwbi Pvc wbYÆq Ki| 3
A eÕ§i IRb,
N. ‰wU AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒòGK mg^Æb KGi wKbv weGkÏlY Ki|4 W = mg = 20  103 kg  9.8 m s2 = 0.196 N
106 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ‰es AvqZb,
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i ‰KK AvqZGbi fiGK Zvi Dcv`vGbi NbZ½ eGj| V = 4  r3 = 4  3.1416  (2  102 m)3 = 33.51  106 m3

3 3
L wÕ©i ZiGj ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK ˆQGo w`Gj eÕ§i IRb hw` eÕ§ KZ‡ÆK V AvqZb ZiGji IRb,
AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb AGcÞv êwk nq, ZvnGj eÕ§wU ZiGj WzGe W = mg = V g
hvGe; Avi eÕ§i IRb hw` eÕ§ KZ‡ÆK AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRGbi = 33.51  106 m3  800 kg m3  9.8 m s2
= 0.263 N
mgvb nq ZvnGj eÕ§wU mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe| Avevi, ˆhGnZz W < W A^Ævr eÕ§i IRb AGcÞv mg-AvqZb ZiGji IRb
eÕ§i IRb hw` eÕ§i mgAvqZb ZiGji IRGbi ˆPGq Kg nq, êwk, ˆmGnZz eÕ§wU ZiGj AvswkK wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe|
ZvnGj eÕ§wU ZiGj AvswkK wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe|
M ‰LvGb,
eÐGKi ZjG`Gki MfxiZv = cvwbi DcwiZj ˆ^GK eÐGKi DcGii ‰KwU cvò cvwb w`Gq ‰es Aci ‰KwU cvò ˆKGivwmb w`Gq cwicƒYÆ
c†GÓ¤i MfxiZv + eÐGKi DœPZv = 5 cm + 2 cm AvGQ| cÉ^g cvòwUi DœPZv 75 cm ‰es cvwb I ˆKGivwmGbi NbZ½
= 7 cm = 0.07 m h^vKÌGg 1000 kg m3 I 800 kg m3| Aci ‰KwU eÕ§ AvGQ hvi
cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg m3 AvqZb 400 cm3|
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2 K. üGKi mƒòwU wjL| 1
L. êwoeuva ŠZwi Kivi mgq euvGai DcGii Ask AGcÞv
eÐGKi ZjG`Gk cvwbi Pvc, P = ?
wbGPi Ask PIov ivLv nq ˆKb? 2
Avgiv Rvwb ZiGji AfÅ¯¦Gi Pvc,
3 2 M. cÉ^g cvGòi ZjG`Gk PvGci cwigvY wbYÆq Ki| 3
P = hg = 0.07 m  1000 kg m  9.8 m s
= 686 Pa (Ans.) N. cÉ`î eÕ§wUGK 1g I 2q cvGòi ZiGji gGaÅ ˆQGo w`Gj
ˆKvb cvGò µÏeZvi gvb êwk nGe Zv MvwYwZKfvGe
N 9(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| weGkÏlY Ki| 4
cÉk² 107 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4 108 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K wÕ©wZÕ©vcK mxgvi gGaÅ cxob weK‡wZi mgvbycvwZK|

F2
F1 = 2 N L ˆhGKvGbv euva ŠZwi Kivi mgq ‰KwU Xvj wbq¯Ÿ Kiv nq| Zv
bvnGj euva Zvi wbRÕ¼ IRGbi KviGYB ˆfGO ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰ KviGY
wcÕ¡b-1 wcÕ¡b-2
r1 = 4 cm
Xvj h
r2 = 400 cm r = 2 cm
C1
C2 A fi = 20 g gh
NbZ½ = 800 kg m3 DcGii ˆPGq wbGPi Ask PIov ivLv nq| ZvQvov êwoeuva mvaviYZ
K. wefe kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1 cvwb ˆVKvGbvi RbÅ eÅenvi Kiv nq| cvwb KZÆ†K cÉ`î Pvc DœPZv
L. UwiGmwji kƒbÅÕ©vb Kx? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 e†w«¬i mvG^ mvG^ e†w«¬ cvq| ‰ KviGY êwoeuvGai wbGPi AsGk
M. wcÕ¡b-2 ‰i Abyf„Z eGji gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3 meGPGq êwk Pvc cGo| ‰ êwk Pvc wbq¯¨GYi RbÅ wbGPi Ask
N. A eÕ§wU DóxcGKi ZiGj ˆQGo w`Gj fvmGe bv WzeGe PIov Kiv nq hvGZ cvwb KZÆ†K cÉ`î Pvc Kg Abyf„Z nq| KviY, P
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 = F/A mƒòvbymvGi wbw`ÆÓ¡ F ‰i RbÅ A êwk nGj P Kg nGe|
M 1(M)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 7350 Pa
 N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
N ˆ`qv AvGQ, ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gbi eÅvm, d1 = 20 cm = 0.2 m
1 1
eÕ§i AvqZb, V = 400 cm3 = 400  106 m3 ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gbi cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A1 = 4 d12 = 4  3.14  (0.2 m)2
cÉ^g ZiGji NbZ½, 1 = 1000 kg m3 = 0.0314 m2
w«¼Zxq ZiGji NbZ½, 2 = 800 kg m3 eo wcÕ¡Gbi eÅvm, d2 = 40 cm = 0.4 m
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m s2 1 1
eo wcÕ¡Gbi ˆÞòdj, A2 = 4d22 = 4  3.14  (0.4 m)2
cÉ^g cvGò eÕ§wUi Ici µÏeZv ej, F1 = ?
w«¼Zxq cvGò eÕ§wUi Ici µÏeZv ej, F2 = ? = 0.1256 m2
Avgiv Rvwb, µÏeZv ej AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRGbi mgvb| ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gb cÉhyÚ ej, F1 = 15 N
eÕ§wU Zij«¼Gqi gGaÅ ˆÕ¼œQvq cyGivcywi WzeGe, hw` eÕ§i NbZ½ eo wcÕ¡Gb Abyf„Z ej, F2 = ?
ZiGji NbZ½ AGcÞv êwk nq| ˆÕ¼œQvq bv WzeGj eÕ§wUGK ˆRvi Avgiv Rvwb,
F2 A2
KGi Zij«¼Gq cyGivcywi wbgwäZ KiGZ nGe| ZLb Zij«¼Gq eÕ§i =
F1 A 1
µÏeZv Zzjbv Kiv mÁ¿e nGe| A 0.1256 m2
myZivs cÉ^g cvGò µÏeZv, F1 = V1g  F2 = 2  F1 =  15 N
A1 0.0314 m2
= 400  106  1000  9.8 = 59.96 N
= 3.92 N eo wcÕ¡Gbi Dci AeÕ©vbK‡Z ˆMvjKwUi fi, m = 5.5 kg
‰es w«¼Zxq cvGò µÏeZv, F2 = V2g
[‘M’ Ask nGZ]
= 400  106  800  9.8 = 3.14 N
ˆhGnZz, F1 > F2| ZvB ejv hvq, cÉ`î eÕ§wUGK cÉ^g I w«¼Zxq  ˆMvjKwUi IRb, F = mg = 5.5  9.8
= 53.9 N
cvGòi ZiGji gGaÅ ˆQGo w`Gj cÉ^g cvGò µÏeZvi gvb êwk nGe|
AZ‰e, eo wcÕ¡Gb Abyf„Z ej ˆMvjGKi IRGbi ˆPGq êwk| ZvB
cÉk² 109 ewikvj êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1 eÕ§wUGK IVvGbv hvGe|
d2 = 40cm
d1 = 20 cm ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 cm ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK 0.01 cm. DÚ ÕÐvBW KÅvwjcvmÆ
NbZ½,  = 10500 kg m3 w`Gq ‰KwU ˆMvjGKi eÅvm cwigvc Kiv nj, hvi
K. AvGcwÞK Zvc Kx? 1 gƒj ˆÕ•Gji cvV 12.2 cm
L. feb ŠZwiGZ ˆjvnvi iW eÅenvi Kiv nq eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 fvwbÆqvi mgcvZb 5
M. ˆMvjGKi fi wbYÆq Ki| 3 h¯¨wUi hvw¯¨K ò‚wU ˆbB
N. ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gb 15 N ej cÉGqvM KiGj eo wcÕ¡Gbi eÕ§wUGK DÚ ˆMvjGKi fi 1 kg AaÅvq 1 I 5 ‰i mg®¼Gq [Kz. êv., e. êv. 2017]
DVvGbv hvGe wK? MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 K. jwNÓ¤ MYb Kx? 1
109 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L. ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. DÚ ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 3
K ‰KK fGii ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Zvcgvòv ‰K ‰KK evovGZ ˆh cwigvY

N. DÚ ˆMvjKwU cvwbGZ fvmGe bv WzeGe MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
ZvGci cÉGqvRb nq ZvGK H eÕ§i Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK Zvc eGj|
L f„wgKÁ·, f„wga»m BZÅvw` cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvM nGZ myiÞvi RbÅ
K e†îvKvi ˆÕ•j gvò ‰K Ni NyivGj ‰wU ŠiwLK ˆÕ•Gj hZUzKz

‰es feGbi `xNÆÕ©vqx `†pZv eRvq ivLGZ feb wbgÆvGY ˆjvnvi iW
`ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi ZvB nGœQ Õ˜zMGRi bƒÅbvâ ev jwNÓ¤ MYb|
eÅen†Z nq| ˆjvnvi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv ‰es Amn cxob AGbK DœP
gvGbi| eüZj feGbi fvi BU-wmGg´Ÿ ev KsKÌxU êwkÞY wbGZ L Avgiv Rvwb,

cvGi bv| êM miY
ej = fi  Z½iY = fi  = fi 
ˆjvnvi Amn fvi AGbK êwk nIqvq KsKÌxGUi QuvGP ˆjvnvi iW mgq (mgq)2
eÅenvi Kivq ‰i Amnfvi eüàY êGo hvq| Dci¯§ f„wgKGÁ·i ‰LvGb, fi, miY ‰es mgq nGjv ˆgŒwjK ivwk| myZivs ‰KvwaK
mgq m†Ó¡ Abyf„wgK K‡¯¦b cxob ˆ^GK iÞvi RbÅ DœP wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv ˆgŒwjK ivwki mg¯¼Gq MwVZ nIqvq ej ‰KwU jº¬ ivwk|
I KÁ·vsGKi c`v^Æ cÉGqvRb| ˆjvnvi iW KsKÌxGUi QuvGPi M
wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv I KÁ·vsK e†w«¬ KGi| ZvB feb wbgÆvGY ˆjvnvi ˆMvjKwU eÅvm, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
iW eÅenvi Kiv nq| d = M + V  VC ÕÐvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi cÉavb ˆÕ•j
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 = 12.2 cm + 5  0.01 cm cvV, M = 12.2 cm
ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 cm = 0.05 m = 12.25 cm
fvwbÆqvi mgcvZb, V = 5
 ˆMvjKwUi eÅvmvaÆ,
ˆMvjGKi Dcv`vGbi NbZ½,  = 10500 kg m3 fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK, VC = 0.01 cm
12.25 cm
 ˆMvjGKi AvqZb, V = 4  r3 = 4  3.1416  (0.05)3 m3 r=
2
= 6.125 cm
3 3
= 5.23  104 m3 N ‰Lb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
myZivs, ˆMvjGKi fi, m = V = (10500  5.23  104) kg ˆMvjKwUi fi, m = 1 kg
= 5.5 kg (Ans.) ‘M’ nGZ cvB,
ˆMvjKwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 6.125 cm = 6.125  102 m = (h1 + h)  1000  9.8
 ˆMvjKwUi AvqZb, = 9800 (h1 + h)
4 4 = 9800h1 + 9800h
V =  r3 =  3.1416  (6.125  102 m)3 = 9800  0.05 + 9800h
3 3
= 490 + 9800h
= 9.625  104 m3
PQ ZGj ej, F1 = P1A = 490  2.5  103
1 m3 AvqZGbi cvwbi fi = 1000 kg
= 1.225N
9.625  104m3 AvqZGbi cvwbi fi = 1000  9.625  104
RS ZGj ej, F2 = P2A
= 0.9625 kg < 1 kg
= (490 + 9800h)  2.5  103
ˆhGnZz ˆMvjKwUi fi 1 kg ‰es ‰wU «¼viv AcmvwiZ cvwbi fi 0.9625 kg, = (1.225 + 24.5h) N
myZivs ˆMvjKwU cvwbGZ WzeGe| µÏeZv, F2  F1 = 1.225 + 24.5h  1.225
= 24.5h N
myZivs wmwj´£vi KZ‡ÆK AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb µÏeZvi mgvb eGj
DóxcKwU ˆ`Lv I cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: DóxcGKi Z^Å AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒòGK mg^Æb KGi|
h1 = 5 cm cÉk² 112 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
P Q
wgbv Zvi ˆQvU fvBGqi mvG^ ‰KwU cyKzGii cvGo eGmwQj| Zvi
h2 = 25 cm fvBGqi nvGZ 200g fGii ‰es 250cm3 AvqZGbi ‰KwU ej wQj|
h cvwb
nVvr ejwU cyKzGii cvwbGZ cGo ˆMj| cyKziwUi cvwbi MfxiZv wQj
R S
3m| (cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kg/m3 ‰es g = 9.8m/s2)
K. ievUÆ üGKi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi mƒòwU wjL| 1
PQ ZGji ˆÞòdj 25cm2
L. 250J KvR ejGZ Kx ey Svq? 2
K. weK‡wZ KvGK eGj? 1 M. cyKziwUi ZjG`Gk cvwbi Pvc wbYÆq Ki| 3
L. UwiGmwji kƒbÅÕ©vb ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2 N. ejwU cvwbGZ Wz Ge hvGe wK? MvwYwZK hy wÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4
M. PQ ZGj cÉhyÚ Pvc wbYÆq Ki| 3 112 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
N. DóxcGKi Z^Å AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒòGK mg^Æb KGi wKbv?  K wÕ©wZÕ©vcK mxgvi gGaÅ cxob weK‡wZi mgvbycvwZK|
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 L 250 J KvR ejGZ eySvq-
111 bs cÉGk²i Dîi i. 1 N ej cÉGqvGM eGji w`GK eGji cÉGqvM we±`yi miY 250 m
K evBGi ˆ^GK ej cÉGqvGMi dGj ˆKvGbv eÕ§i ‰KK gvòvq ˆh
 nGj ˆh KvR mÁ·®² nq Zvi cwigvY 250 J|
cwieZÆb nq ZvGK weK‡wZ eGj| ii. 250 N ej cÉGqvGM eGji w`GK eGji cÉGqvM we±`yi miY 1 m
L UwiGmwji cixÞvq eÅen†Z KvPbGj ˆh cvi`Õ¦Á¿ ùvwoGq ^vGK
 nGj ˆh KvR mÁ·®² nq Zvi cwigvY 250 J|
M
Zvi Dci bGji e«¬ cÉv¯¦ chÆ¯¦ Õ©vb kƒbÅ| ‰B kƒbÅÕ©vbGK 
UwiGmwji kƒbÅÕ©vb eGj| ‰LvGb mvgvbÅ cvi` evÓ· ^vGK| Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

P = hg cyKzGii MfxiZv, h = 3 m
cvwbi DcwiZj nGZ PQ ZGji DœPZv, h1 = 5 cm
= 3  1000  9.8 cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg/m3
= 29,400 Pa (Ans.)
= 0.05 m AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2
cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3 cvwbi Pvc, P = ?
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 N ˆÌqv AvGQ, eGji fi, m = 200g = 0.2 kg

PQ ZGj cÉhyÚ Pvc, P = ? eGji AvqZb, V = 250 cm3 = 2.5  10–4 m3
Avgiv Rvwb, cvwbi NbZ½, w = 1000 kg/m3
P = h1g = 0.05  1000  9.8 = 490Pa (Ans.) eGji NbZ½, B = ?
N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 m 0.2
Avgiv Rvwb, B = V = 2.5  10–4 = 800 kg/m3
wmwj´£vGii PQ ZGji ˆÞòdj, A = 25 cm2
= 2.5  103m2 ˆhGnZz eGji NbZ½ cvwbi NbGZ½i ˆPGq Kg ˆmKviGY ejwU cvwbGZ
wmwj´£vGii Š`NÆÅ = h WzGe hvGe bv|
wmwj´£viwUi AvqZb, V = Ah = 2.5  103 h m3 cÉk² 113 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3
Avgiv Rvwb, cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm3
wmwj´£vi «¼viv AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb, h1 = 20 cm
W = mg A B
= Vg h2 h= 1 m
= 2.5  103  h  1000  9.8
= 24.5h N C h3 = 30 cm
D
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, PQ ZGj Pvc, P1 = 490Pa
RS ZGj Pvc, P2 = (h1 + h)g ABCD wmwj´£vGii eÅvmvaÆ 5cm| wkLbdj-2 I 9 [P. êv. 2016]
K. ZiGji AvcvZ cÉmviY KvGK eGj? 1 M. DóxcGKi eÕ§wU ˆgGSi Ici ivLGj ˆgGSi Dci mGeÆvœP
L. Avgiv evqygíGji Pvc Abyfe Kwi bv ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 ‰es meÆwbÁ² KZ Pvc cÉGqvM KiGe? wbYÆq Ki| 3
M. DóxcGKi C we±`yGZ ZiGji Pvc wbYÆq Ki| 3 N. DóxcGKi eÕ§wU 4C Zvcgvòvi cvwbGZ ˆQGo w`Gj WzeGe
N. DóxcGKi Z^Å ˆ^GK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, “wmwj´£vi KZ‡ÆK bv fvmGe Zv MvwYwZKfvGe ˆ`LvI| 4
AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb wmwj´£vGii Ici wKÌqviZ Ea»ÆgyLx 114 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
jwº¬eGji mgvb|” 4
K wÕ©wZÕ©vcK mxgvi gGaÅ cxob eÕ§i weK‡wZi mgvbycvwZK|

L evqygíjxq Pvc wbfÆi KGi evqygíGji DœPZv I evqyi NbGZ½i
K cvGòi cÉmviY weGePbvq bv ‰Gb ZiGji ˆh cÉmviY cvIqv hvq

Ici| mgy`Ë mgZj ˆ^GK hZ IcGi IVv hvq ZZ evqy Õ¦GÁ¿i IRb I
ZvGK ZiGji AvcvZ cÉmviY eGj|
NbZ½ nËvm cvq| ‰RbÅ DœPZv e†w«¬i mvG^ mvG^ evqygíjxq Pvc KGg
L gvbyGli kixGii wfZGi iGÚi Pvc evBGii evqygíGji Pvc A^Ævr f„-c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK hZ DcGi DVv hvq evqyi Pvc ZZ KgGZ ^vGK|
AGcÞv mvgvbÅ êwk eGj Avgiv evqygíGji Pvc Abyfe Kwi bv|
M eÕ§i Š`NÆÅ, l = 25 cm = 0.25 m
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, cÉÕ©, w = 15 cm = 0.15 m
ZiGji ˆgvU MfxiZv, h = 1m DœPZv, h = 5 cm = 0.05 m
wmwj´£vGii ZjG`k nGZ cvGòi ZjG`Gki MfxiZv, h3 = 30 cm F
= 0.3m Avgiv Rvwb, Pvc, P = A
ZiGji DcwiZj nGZ C we±`yi MfxiZv, h1 + h2 = (h  h3) ‰LvGb, ej F nGœQ eÕ§i IRb A^Ævr F = mg = 2.5  9.8 N = 24.5 N
= (1  0.3)
myZivs Pvc ˆÞòdj ‰i Ici wbfÆikxj| ˆÞòdj meÆwbÁ³ nGj Pvc
= 0.7 m
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 mGeÆvœP nGe Avi ˆÞòdj mGeÆvœP nGj Pvc meÆwbÁ³ nGe| eÕ§i c†Ó¤
awi, ZiGji NbZ½ =  àGjvi gGaÅ meÆwbÁ³ ˆÞòdj, Amin = 0.15 m  0.05 m
= 0.0075 m2
C we±`yGZ ZiGji Pvc, P = (h1 + h2)g
= 0.7    9.8
‰es mGeÆvœP ˆÞòdj, Amax = 0.25 m  0.15 m
= 0.0375 m2
= 6.86 Pa (Ans.)
F 24.5 N
N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 myZivs mGeÆvœP Pvc, Pmax = A = 0.0075 m2
min
wmwj´£vGii eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 cm = 0.05 m = 3266.67 Pa (Ans.)
 wmwj´£vGii cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A = r2 F 24.5 N
myZivs meÆwbÁ² Pvc, Pmin = A = 0.0375 m2 = 653.33 Pa (Ans.)
= 3.14  (0.05)2 max
= 7.85  103 m2 N ‰LvGb,

wmwj´£vGii AvqZb, V = Ah2 eÕ§i Š`NÆÅ = 25 cm = 0.25m
= A {h – (h1 + h3)}
cÉÕ© = 15 cm = 0.15 m
= A {1  (0.2 + 0.3)}
= 7.85  103  0.5 DœPZv = 5 cm = 0.05 m
= 3.925  103 m3 fi, m = 2.5 kg
wmwj´£vi KZ‡ÆK AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb, W = mg myZivs eÕ§i AvqZb, V = Š`NÆÅ  cÉÕ©  DœPZv
= Vg = 0.25  0.15  0.05
= 3.925  103    9.8 = 1.875  103 m3
= 38.465  103  N m 2.5
 eÕ§i NbZ½, = = = 1333.33 kgm3
wmwj´£viwUi IcGii ZGj Pvc, P1 = h1g V 1.875  103
= 0.2    9.8 4C Zvcgvòvq cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kgm3 hv eÕ§i NbZ½ AGcÞv
= 1.96 Pa Kg| ZvB eÕ§wU cvwbGZ WzGe hvGe|
‘M’ Ask ˆ^GK cvB, C we±`yGZ ZiGji Pvc, P2 = 6.86  Pa
Da»ÆgyLx jwº¬ ej, F2  F1 = (P2  P1)  A cÉk² 115 ewikvj êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3
= (6.86   1.96)  7.85  103 wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI:
= 38.465  10–3  N
AZ‰e, wmwj´£vi KZ‡ÆK AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRb wmwj´£vGii Ici
10 kg
wKÌqviZ E«¬ÆgyLx jwº¬eGji mgvb|
cÉk² 114 hGkvi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3 A1 = 0.5m2 A2 = 25m2
25cm Š`NÆÅ, 15cm cÉÕ© ‰es 5cm DœPZv wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eÕ§i fi
2.5 kg|
K. üGKi mƒòwU ˆjL| 1
L. ˆKvGbv Õ©vGb DœPZvi mGã mGã evqygíjxq PvGci K. AvwKÆwgwWGmi mƒòwU wjL| 1
cwieZÆb NGU ˆKb? 2 L. cvwbi gGaÅ fvwi wRwbm DGîvjb mnR ˆKb? 2
M. ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gbi Ici 10kg fi PvcvGj eo wcÕ¡Gbi Ici ‰wU cvwbGZ WzGe hvq| Avevi, ˆjvnvi UzKivwUGK cviG` ˆQGo ˆ`qv
Kx cwigvY Ea»ÆgyLx ej Abyf„Z nGe? 3 nGj ‰i Ici jwº¬ eGji w`K DcGii w`GK nq, ZvB ‰wU AvswkK
N. hw` eo wcÕ¡Gbi Ici 100kg fi PvcvGbv nq ZvnGj eo wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq cviG` fvGm|
wcÕ¡Gbi IcGi IVv îva Kiv mÁ¿e wK? MvwYwZKfvGe M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 ˆMvjGKi AvqZb, V = 1000 cm3
115 bs cÉGk²i Dîi = 1000  10–6 m3
= 10–3 m3
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK wÕ©i Zij Aêv evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev
ˆMvjGKi NbZ½,  = 1500 kgm–3 [ˆhGnZy
ˆMvjKwU ZiGj mÁ·ƒYÆ
mÁ·ƒYÆ WzevGj eÕ§wU wKQy IRb nvivq eGj gGb nq| ‰B nvivGbv
wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvGm]
IRb eÕ§wUi «¼viv AcmvwiZ Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æi IRGbi
êi KiGZ nGe, ˆMvjGKi fi, m = ?
mgvb| fi
Avgiv Rvwb, NbZ½ = AvqZb
L cvwbi gGaÅ wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvix wRwbGmi Dci ‰KUv
D«¬ÆgyLx ej ev µÏeZv KvR KGi| ‰ KviGY fvix wRwbmGK cvwbGZ  fi = AvqZb  NbZ½
WzevGj AGcÞvK‡Z nvjKv gGb nq ‰es wRwbmwU DGîvjb mnRZi A^Ævr m = V–3 3
= 10 m  1500 kgm–3 = 1.5 kg (Ans.)
nq|
N ˆgvGgi cÉGjc ˆ`qvi ci,
M DóxcK nGZ cvB, ˆMvjGKi ˆgvU fi nGe, m = m + 80 gm
ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gb PvcvGbv fi, m1 = 10 kg = 1.5 kg + 0.08 kg = 1.58 kg
 ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gb cÉhyÚ ej, F1 = m1g = 10  9.8 = 98 N ‰es ˆMvjGKi ˆgvU AvqZb nGe, V = V + 100 cm3
ˆQvU wcÕ¡Gbi cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A1 = 0.5 m2 = 10–3m3 + 100  10–6 m3
eo wcÕ¡Gbi cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A2 = 25 m 2 = 10–3 + 10–4m3
= 0.0011 m3
eo wcÕ¡Gb Abyf„Z D«¬ÆgyLx ej, F2 = ? m
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆMvjGKi bZyb NbZ½,  = V
F 2 A2 1.58kg
= =
F1 A1 0.0011m3
ev, F2 = F1  A2 = 1436.4 kgm–3 < 1500 kgm–3
A1 (ZiGji NbZ½)
25
= 98 
0.5
= 4900 N (Ans.) myZivs, ˆgvGgi cÉGjc ˆ`qv ˆMvjKwUGK H ZiGj WzevGbv nGj
ˆMvjGKi IRb AGcÞv Ea»ÆgyLx ej ev µÏeZv êwk nGe| ‰GZ
N eo wcÕ¡Gb PvcvGbv fi, m2 = 100 kg
 ˆMvjGKi Ici jwº¬eGji w`K nGe DcGii w`GK| A^Ævr ˆgvGgi
 eo wcÕ¡Gb cÉhyÚ wbÁ²gyLx ej, F2 = m2  g cÉGjc ˆ`qv ˆMvjKwU DÚ ZiGj AvswkK wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe|
= 100  9.8
= 980 N cÉk² 117 hGkvi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, eo wcÕ¡Gb Abyf„Z Da»ÆgyLx ej, F2 = 4900 N 400 cm2 f„wgi ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU cvòGK cvwbGZ wbgwäZ Kiv
jÞÅ Kwi, F2  F2 nj| cvwbi DcwiZj ˆ^GK cvGòi Dcwic†GÓ¤i MfxiZv 15 cm,
AZ‰e, eo wcÕ¡Gbi Ici 100 kg fi PvcvGbv nGj eo wcÕ¡Gbi cvGòi DœPZv 90 cm| cvwbmn cvGòi fi 36.5 kg|
DcGi IVv îva Kiv mÁ¿e bq| K. cxob Kx? 1
cÉk² 116 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2 L. mKj c`vG^Æ wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv ‰KB iKg nq bv ˆKb? 2
M. cvGòi f„wgi ˆÞòdGj cÉhyÚ ej KZ? 3
ZiGj A`ËeYxq ‰KwU ˆMvjGKi AvqZb 1000cm3| ‰wU 1500kgm– N. mgyG`Ëi cvwb «¼viv cƒYÆ cvGòi fi 36.6 kg nGj, cvòwU ‰B
3
NbGZ½i ZiGj mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvGm| ˆMvjKwUi Ici AeÕ©vq mgyG`Ëi cvwbGZ ˆQGo w`Gj Kx AeÕ©vq ^vKGe,
100cm3 AvqZGbi 80 gm fGii ˆgvGgi cÉGjc ˆ`qv nGjv| MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4
K. KvGRi ‰KK Kx? 1 117 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L. ˆjvnv cvwbGZ WzeGjI cviG` fvGm ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
K evwnÅK eGji cÉfvGe ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi gGaÅ weK‡wZi m†wÓ¡ nGj
M. DóxcGKi ˆMvjGKi fi wbYÆq Ki| 3
wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi RbÅ eÕ¦yi wfZGi ‰KwU cÉwZGiva eGji D«¿e nq|
N. ˆgvGgi cÉGjc ˆ`qv ˆMvjKwU DÚ ZiGj fvmGe bv WzGe
eÕ¦yi wfZi ‰KK ˆÞòdGj jÁ¼fvGe D«¿ƒZ ‰ cÉwZGivaKvix ejGK
hvGe? MvwYwZK hywÚmnKvGi gZvgZ `vI| 4
cxob eGj|
L wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi D«¿e NGU c`vG^Æi AfÅ¯¦Gi AYy-cigvYymgƒGni
K KvGRi ‰KK Ryj| gaÅKvi cviÕ·wiK AvKlÆY-weKlÆY eGji ì‚b| ‰ ej AYyàGjvi
L ˆjvnvi NbZ½ cvwbi Zyjbvq êwk wK¯¦y cviGì Zyjbvq Kg| ZvB gaÅKvi Mo `ƒiGZ½i Ici wbfÆi KGi| KwVb c`vG^Æi gGaÅ AYymgƒn
‰K UzKGiv ˆjvnvi IRb mgAvqZb cvwbi IRGbi ˆPGq êwk wK¯¦y Lye KvQvKvwQ AeÕ©vb KGi| ˆm Zzjbvq Zij c`vG^Æ AYymgƒGni
mgAvqZb cviGì IRGbi ˆPGq Kg| dGj ˆjvnvi UzKivwUGK gaÅKvi `ƒiZ½ AGbK êwk| Z`ycwi, AYymgƒn Õ¼vaxbfvGe wePiY
cvwbGZ WzevGbv nGj ‰i Ici jwº¬ eGji w`K wbGPi w`GK nq, ZvB KGi| MÅvmxq c`vG^Æ AYymgƒGni gaÅKvi `ƒiZ½ AZÅwaK êwk|
‰ mKj KviGY KwVb c`v^Æ meGPGq êwk wÕ©wZÕ©vcK| Zij = 1.05  1000  9.8 Nm–2
c`v^Æ ‰i ˆPGq Kg wÕ©wZÕ©vcK| MÅvmxq c`vG^Æ wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv = 10290 Nm2
 F = PA
ˆbB ejGjB PGj|
= 10290 Nm–2  0.04 m2
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 = 4116 N (Ans.)
f„wgi ˆÞòdj, A = 400 cm2 = 400  10–4 m2 = 0.04 m2 N DóxcK gGZ, cvGòi DœPZv, h = 90 cm = 0.9 m
cvwbi DcwiZj ˆ^GK cvGòi Dcwic†GÓ¤i MfxiZv, h = 15cm cvGòi AvqZb, V = Ah = 0.04 m2  0.9 m = 0.036 m3
= 0.15 m
mgyG`Ëi cvwbmn cvGòi fi, m = 36.6 kg
cvwbmn cvGòi fi, m = 36.5 kg m 36.6kg
Rvbv AvGQ, mvaviY cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kgm–3  mgyG`Ëi cvwbmn cvGòi Mo NbZ½,  = V = 0.036m3
AwfKlÆR Z½iY, g = 9.8 m/s2 = 1016.7 kgm–3
êi KiGZ nGe, cvGòi f…wgi ˆÞòdGj cÉhyÚ ej, F = ? hv mgyG`Ëi cvwbi NbZ½ (1025 kgm ) ˆ^GK Kg|
–3
cvwbi DcwiZj nGZ cvGòi ZjG`Gki MfxiZv, myZivs, mgyG`Ëi cvwb «¼viv cvòwU cƒYÆ KGi mgyG`Ëi cvwbGZ ˆQGo
h = (15 + 90) cm
= 105 cm = 1.05 m
w`Gj cvòwU AvswkK (1016.7
1025
= 0.99) wbgwäZ AeÕ©vq fvmGe|
 cvGòi ZjG`Gk Pvc, P = hg
lÓ¤ AaÅvq : eÕ¦yi Ici ZvGci cÉfve

cÉk² 77 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5 
4
 R3 = 32
3
30°C ZvcgvòvwewkÓ¡ Zvgvi ˆMvjKGK 110°C Zvcgvòvq Dîµ¦ 3
Kivq ‰i AvqZb 32 m3 nj| Zvgvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 400 Jkg1 ev, R3 = 4  32
K1| Zvgvi ˆMvjGKi fi 250 gm| Aci ‰KwU avZe e†îvKvi wis ev, R3 = 7.6394
‰i ˆÞòdj 11.34 m2|  R = 1.969 m
K. cybtwkjxfeb KvGK eGj? 1 Avevi, e†îvKvi wis ‰i ˆÞòdj = 11.34 m2
L. `ywU eÕ§i Zvcgvòv mgvb nGjI Zvc mgvb bvI nGZ cvGi   r2 = 11.34
11.34
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 ev, r2 = 
M. Zvgvi ˆMvjK KZ‡ÆK M†nxZ ZvGci cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3
ev, r2 = 3.6096
N. ZvckwÚi AcPq bv nGj Dîµ¦ Zvgvi ˆMvjKwU DóxcGKi  r = 1.899
wis ‰ cÉGek KivGbv hvGe wKbv hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 ‰LvGb, Zvgvi ˆMvjGKi eÅvm, 2R > e†îvKvi wis ‰i eÅvm, 2r|
77 bs cÉGk²i Dîi myZivs, Dîµ¦ Zvgvi ˆMvjKwU DóxcGKi wis ‰ cÉGek KivGbv hvGe
K Pvc cÉGqvM KGi ˆKvGbv KwVb c`v^Æ ˆK ZiGj cwiYZ Kiv ‰es bv|
Pvc nËvm KGi c`v^ÆwUGK Avevi KwVb AeÕ©vq cwiYZ Kivi cÉk² 78 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5
cÉwKÌqvGK cybtwkjxfeb eGj|
`†kÅKÍ¸-1 : P I Q eÕ§ `ywUi Z^Å QK wbÁ²i…c:
L `ywU eÕ¦yi Zvcgvòv mgvb nGjI ZvGì ZvGci cwigvY wf®² nGZ eÕ§ fi Avt Zvc Zvcgvòv
cvGi, KviY ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yi Zvcgvòv ‰i ZvGci cwigvGYi Ici wbfÆi P 100 gm 600 J kg1 K1 68°F
KGi bv, wbfÆi KGi ‰i Zvcxq AeÕ©vi Ici| ‰KB Dcv`vGbi Q 200 gm 500 J kg1 K1 120°F
wK¯¦y wf®² AvKvGii `ywU eÕ¦yi Zvcgvòv mgvb nGj e†nîi eÕ¦ywUi `†kÅKÍ¸-2 : `kg ˆkÉwYi ‰KRb Qvò 1°C Zvcgvòvi `yB Lí
ZvGci cwigvY êwk nGe| eidGK nvGZ aGi Pvc w`Gq ˆQGo w`Gj Zv ˆRvov ˆjGM hvq| wK¯§
M ‰LvGb, Zvgvi ˆMvjGKi fi, m = 250 g = 0.25 kg 2°C Zvcgvòvi `yB Lí eidGK ‰KBfvGe ˆPGc aGi ˆQGo w`GjI
Zvcgvòvi cv^ÆKÅ, T2  T1 = (110  30)C ˆRvov jvGM bv|
= 80C = 80 K K. Mjb KvGK eGj? 1
Zvgvi AvGcwÞK Zvc, s = 400 J kg1 K1 L. evÓ·vqGb kxZjZvi D«¿e nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
Zvgvi ˆMvjK KZ‡ÆK M†nxZ Zvc, Q = ? M. `†kÅKÍ¸ 1-‰ P I Q eÕ§ `ywUGK Zvcxq msÕ·GkÆ ivLv nGj
Avgiv Rvwb, Kx cwigvY ZvGci Av`vb-cÉ`vb nGe? 3
Q = ms (T2  T1) N. `†kÅKÍ¸ 2-‰i NUbvwU ˆZvgvi cvVÅeBGqi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv
= 0.25  400  80 KGiv| 4
= 8  103 J (Ans.)
78 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N awi, Zvgvi ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ R ‰es e†îvKvi wis ‰i eÅvmvaÆ r|
K MjbvsGK Zvcgvòv wÕ©i îGL ˆKvGbv c`vG^Æi KwVb AeÕ©v
DóxcK nGZ,
nGZ Zij AeÕ©vq i…cv¯¦wiZ nIqvGK Mjb ejv nq|
Zvgvi ˆMvjGKi AvqZb = 32 m 3
L evÓ·vqGbi mgq cvwb evÓ·xf„Z nIqvi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq myµ¦Zvc cÉk² 79 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4
DÚ cvwb msj™² Açj nGZ MÉnY KGi| ‰KviGY evÓ·vqGbi dGj
DÚ Açj Zvc nvivq I kxZj nq| ZvB evÓ·vqGbi dGj kxZjZvi
D«¿e nq|
M ‰LvGb

P eÕ§i fi, mP = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Q eÕ§i fi, mQ = 200 g = 0.2 kg wPò: A (BÕ·vZ) wPò: B (cvwb) wPò: C (MÅvm)
P eÕ§i AvGcwÞK Zvc, sP = 600 Jkg1K1 BÕ·vGZi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM = 33  106 K1.
Q eÕ§i AvGcwÞK Zvc, sQ = 500 Jkg1K1
K. wÕ©ivâ KvGK eGj? 1
P eÕ§i Avw` Zvcgvòv, TP = 68 F L. evqyGZ kGõi êM Zvcgvòvi Dci wbfÆikxj eÅvLÅv KGiv|2
68  32 M. 38C Zvcgvòvq BÕ·vGZi cvGZi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
= 
 9  5 C N. Zvc cÉGqvGM A, B I C ‰i cÉmviY wf®² nq weGkÏlY
= 20C = (20 + 273) K KGiv| 4
= 293 K 79 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Q eÕ§i Avw` Zvcgvòv, TQ = 120 F
120  32 K Zvcgvòvi ˆÕ•j ŠZwii RbÅ `ywU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ZvcgvòvGK (cÉgvY
=  PvGc cvwbi wngvsK I Õ¹zUbvâ) wÕ©i aGi ˆbIqv nq| ‰B
 9  5 C
= 48.89C Zvcgvòv `ywUGK wÕ©ivâ eGj|
= 321.89 K
L Zvcgvòv evovi mvG^ mvG^ gvaÅGgi AYyi MwZkwÚ e†w«¬ cvq|
Zvcxq msÕ·GkÆ Avbvi ci P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv, T = ?
dGj gvaÅGgi AYyàGjv mnGRB KwÁ·Z nGZ cvGi| ZLb kõ Ziã
‰LvGb, Q eÕ§i Zvcgvòv, TQ > P eÕ§i Zvcgvòv, TP| dGj Zvcxq `Ë‚Z AMÉmi nq, A^Ævr kGõi êM e†w«¬ cvq| evZvGm kGõi êM
msÕ·GkÆ Avbvi ci Q eÕ§ Zvc eRÆb KiGe I P eÕ§ Zvc MÉnY
Zvcgvòvi eMÆgƒGji mgvbycvwZK, A^Ævr V  T| ZvB evqyGZ
KiGe| kGõi êM Zvcgvòvi Ici wbfÆikxj|
KÅvjwiwgwZi gƒjbxwZ Abyhvqx, M†nxZ Zvc = ewRÆZ Zvc
ev, mPsP (T  TP) = mQsQ (TQ  T) M ‰LvGb, BÕ·vGZi cvGZi Š`NÆÅ, L1 = 144 m

ev, mPsP T  mPsPTP = mQsQTQ  mQsQT Avw` Zvcgvòv, T1 = 30C
ev, (mPsP + mQsQ) T = mQsQTQ + mPsPTP P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv, T2 = 38C
mQsQTQ + mPsPTP BÕ·vGZi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM
 T=  = 33  106 K1
mPsP + mQsQ
0.2  500  321.89 + 0.1  600  293 
=  BÕ·vGZi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 3
0.1  600 + 0.2  500
= 311.06 K 33  106 1
= K
3
 Q eÕ§i ewRÆZ Zvc, QQ = mQsQ (TQ  T)
= 11  106 K1
= 0.2  500  (321.89  311.06)
= 1083 J Zvcgvòv e†w«¬GZ BÕ·vGZi cvGZi Š`NÆÅ, L2 = ?
ˆhGnZz, M†nxZ Zvc = ewRÆZ Zvc, ZvB P eÕ§ ‰ cwigvY Zvc MÉnY Avgiv Rvwb,
KiGe| L2  L1
=
L1(T2  T1)
 eÕ§«¼qGK Zvcxq msÕ·GkÆ ivLv nGj ‰Gì gGaÅ 1083 J ZvGci
ev, L2 = L1 + L1 (T2  T1)
Av`vb-cÉ`vb nGe| (Ans.)
= 144 + 11  106  144  (38  30)
N Avgiv Rvwb, Pvc ˆÌqv nGj eiGdi MjbvsK KGg hvq| = 144.0127 m (Ans.)
dˆj DóxcGKi QvòwU `ywU  1C Zvcgvòvi eid wbGq ‰GìGK N DóxcGKi A eÕ§wU KwVb, B eÕ§wU Zij ‰es C eÕ§wU ‰KwU
Pvc w`Gj ‰Gì Õ·kÆZGj MjbvsK  1C ‰i wbGP ˆbGg AvGm ‰es MÅvmxq c`v^Æ|
DÚ Õ©vGbi Zvcgvòv  1C hv MjbvsGKi DcGi AvGQ| dGj eid cÉvq mKj c`v^ÆB Zvc cÉGqvGM cÉmvwiZ nq Avi Zvc AcmviGY
UzKiv«¼q Õ·kÆZGj MjGZ ÷i‚ KGi| ‰gZveÕ©vq Pvc ˆ`qv e®¬ msKzwPZ nq| hLb ˆKvGbv eÕ§ Dîµ¦ nq, ZLb eÕ§wUi cÉGZÅK AYyi
KiGj MjbvsK cybivq  1C AGcÞv êwk nq (0C), dGj ZvckwÚ Z^v MwZkwÚ e†w«¬ cvq| KwVb c`vG^Æi êjvq
eidMwjZ cvwb RgvU êuGa hvq ‰es eid UzKiv«¼q ˆRvov ˆjGM Av¯¦tAvYweK eGji wecixGZ AYyàGjv AvGiv ewaÆZ kwÚGZ Õ·w±`Z
hvq| nGZ ^vGK dGj mvgÅveÕ©v ˆ^GK AYyàGjvi miY e†w«¬ cvq| wK¯§
wK¯§  2C Zvcgvòvi eiGdi ˆÞGò Pvc w`Gj MjbvsK  1C ‰i cÉwZwU AYy ‰i mvgÅveÕ©v ˆ^GK mGi hvevi mgq Uvb Abyfe KGi|
wbGP bvgGjI  2C ‰i DcGi ^vGK| dGj eiGdi Zvcgvòv A^Ævr, ‰KwU AYy hLb cvk¼ÆeZÆx AYyi KvQvKvwQ ˆhGZ Pvq ZLb
MjbvsGKi wbGP ^vGK eGj eid UzKiv«¼q Õ·kÆZGj MGj bv| weKlÆY Abyfe KGi| Avevi Av¯¦tAvYweK `ƒiZ½ hLb e†w«¬ cvq
djcÉmƒZ ‰Gì ˆRvov jvMviI ˆKvGbv myGhvM ˆbB| ‰KviGY QvòwU ZLb AvKlÆY Abyfe KGi| Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i KviGY KwVb eÕ§i
 1C Zvcgvòvi `ywU eidGK Pvc w`Gq ˆRvov jvMvGZ cviGjI AYyàGjv Õ·w±`Z nGZ ^vGK ZGe Zv mij Qw±`Z Õ·±`b bq| ‰i
 2C Zvcgvòvi eid UzKiv«¼qGK cvGiwb| KviY, `yB AYyi gGaÅ `ƒiZ½ mvgÅveÕ©vi Zzjbvq hw` KGg hvq ZvnGj
weKlÆY ej `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ cvq| wK¯§ ‰Gì gGaÅ `ƒiZ½ mvgÅveÕ©vi wgkÉGYi Zvcgvòv, T = ?
Zzjbvq e†w«¬ ˆcGj AvKlÆY ej ZZ `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ cvq bv| dGj ‰LvGb, ˆMvjKwU Zvc MÉnY KiGe I ‰i Zvcgvòv evoGe ‰es cvwb
Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ cvevi dGj KwVb eÕ§i gGaÅ AYyàGjv hLb KuvcGZ I Zvgvi cvò Zvc eRÆb KGi kxZj nGe|
^vGK ZLb ‰KB kwÚ wbGq wfZi w`GK hZUv mGi AvmGZ cvGi,  M†nxZ Zvc = ewRÆZ Zvc
evBGii w`GK Zvi ˆPGq êwk mGi ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰i dGj cÉGZÅK  ms(T  T2) = mcsc(T1  T) + mwsw(T1  T)
AYyi Mo mvgÅveÕ©vb evBGii w`GK mGi hvq ‰es eÕ§wU cÉmviY ev, msT  msT2 = (mcsc + mwsw)T1  (mcsc + mwsw) T
jvf KGi| ev, T (ms + mcsc + mwsw) = (mcsc + mwsw)T1 + msT2
Zij c`vG^Æi êjvq Av¯¦tAvYweK eGji cÉfve KwVb c`vG^Æi  T=
(mcsc + mwsw)T1 + msT2
Zzjbvq Kg eGj ZvGci KviGY ‰i cÉmviY êwk nq| evqexq ms + mcsc + mwsw
c`vG^Æi êjvq Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ ˆcGj AYyàGjvi QyUvQywU e†w«¬ cvq| (0.4  400 + 0.5  4200)  363 + 0.5  200  303
=
0.5  200 + 0.4  400 + 0.5  4200
Z`ycwi MÅvmxq AeÕ©vq AYyàGjvi gGaÅ Av¯¦tAvYweK ej ^vGK bv
= 360.46 K = 87.46C (Ans.)
ejGjB PGj| ZvB mgvb Zvc cÉGqvGM MÅvmxq c`vG^Æi cÉmviY
meGPGq êwk nq| Zvcxq cÉmviY MÅvmxq c`vG^Æ meGPGq êwk, N ‘M’ nGZ wgkÉGYi P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv, Tf = 360.46 K

ZiGj Zvi ˆPGq Kg ‰es KwVb c`vG^Æ meGPGq Kg| ‰LvGb, Avw` Zvcgvòv, Ti = 30C = 303 K
myZivs, ejv hvq Zvc cÉGqvGM A, B I C ‰i cÉmviY wf®² nq| AvqZb cÉmviY mnM,  = 3  Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM
= 3  19  105
cÉk² 80 ewikvj êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4 = 57  105 K1
400 gm fGii ‰KwU Zvgvi cvGò 90C Zvcgvòvi 500 gm cvwb Avw` eÅvm, d1 = 100 mm
AvGQ| 30C Zvcgvòvi 500 gm fGii 100 mm eÅvGmi ‰KwU wgkÉGYi P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòvq ˆMvjGKi AvqZb V1 nGZ cÉmvwiZ nGq V2
wbGiU ˆMvjK cvGòi gGaÅ ˆdGj ˆÌqv nGjv| nGj,
Zvgvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 400 J kg1 K1 V2 = V1[1 + (Tf  Ti)]
1 3 1 3
ˆMvjGKi Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK Zvc 200 J kg1 K1 ev, d = d [1 + (Tf  Ti)]
6 2 6 1
cvwbi AvGcwÞK Zvc 4200 J kg1 K1
ˆMvjGKi Dcv`vGbi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM 19  105 K1 3
 d2 = d1 1 + (Tf  Ti)
K. myµ¦ Zvc KvGK eGj? 1 3
L. ˆfRv ˆgGS ÷KvGbvi RbÅ dÅvb PvjvGbv nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv = 100  1 + 57  105(360.46  303)
= 101. 08 mm > 100.5 mm
KGiv| 2
M. wgkÉGYi P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv wbYÆq KGiv| 3  ˆMvjGKi cÉmvwiZ AeÕ©vq eÅvm wisGqi eÅvGmi PvBGZ êwk|
N. wgkÉGYi P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòvq ˆMvjKwUGK 100.5 mm eÅvGmi dGj ˆMvjKwUGK wiswUGZ cÉGek KivGbv hvGe bv|
wis ‰i gGaÅ cÉGek KivGbv hvGe wKbv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 cÉk² 81 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3
80 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
1 wgUvi `xNÆ I 3 kg fGii ‰KwU `Gíi Zvcgvòv 30C ˆ^GK
K ˆh Zvc eÕ§i Zvcgvòvi cwieZÆb bv NwUGq eÕ§i AeÕ©vi 50C ‰ D®²xZ KiGZ 24000 J Zvc cÉGqvM KiGZ nGjv ‰es Bnvi

cwieZÆb NUvq ZvGK myµ¦Zvc eGj| Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY nGjv 2.34 × 104 m. Abyi…c AbÅ ‰KwU `Gíi ‰KB
L ˆfRv ˆgGS ÷KvGbvi mgq ˆgGSi Ici ^vKv cvwb evÓ·xf„Z Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i RbÅ Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY nGjv 2.2 × 104 m|
nq| K. ZvcaviY ÞgZv Kx? 1
evÓ·xf„Z Rjxq evÓ· ˆgGSi IcGii evqyGZ RvqMv KGi ˆbq, dGj L. MjbvGâi Ici PvGci cÉfve eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
AwaKZi evÓ·vqGbi nvi KGg hvq| dÅvb ˆQGo w`Gj dÅvGbi evZvm M. 1g `íwUi AvGcwÞK Zvc wbYÆq Ki| 3
DÚ Õ©vb nGZ Rjxq evÓ·cƒYÆ evZvm mwiGq ˆ`q| dGj ˆgGSi cvwb N. `í `yBwUi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY wf®² nevi KviY MvwYwZK hywÚmn
mnGR evÓ·xf„Z nq I evÓ·vqGbi nvi e†w«¬ cvq| weGkÏlY Ki| 4
‰ KviGY ˆfRv ˆgGS ÷KvGbvi RbÅ dÅvb PvjvGbv nq| 81 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M ‰LvGb, K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Zvcgvòv 1 K evovGZ ˆh cwigvY ZvGci cÉGqvRb
Zvgvi cvGòi fi, mc = 400 g = 0.4 kg nq ZvGK H eÕ§i ZvcaviY ÞgZv eGj|
Zvgvi AvGcwÞK Zvc, sc = 400 J kg1 K1
Zvgvi cvGòi I cvwbi cÉv^wgK Zvcgvòv, T1 = 90C L c`vG^Æi Ici PvGci nËvm-e†w«¬i RbÅ Mjbvâ cwiewZÆZ nq|
= (90 + 273) K PvGci RbÅ MjbvGâi cwieZÆb `yBfvGe nGZ cvGi|
= 363 K i. KwVb ˆ^GK ZiGj i…cv¯¦Gii mgq ˆhme c`vG^Æi AvqZb nËvm
cvwbi fi, mw = 500 g = 0.5 kg cvq (ˆhgb eid), Pvc evoGj ZvGì Mjbvâ KGg hvq A^Ævr
cvwbi AvGcwÞK Zvc, sw = 4200 J kg1 K1 Kg Zvcgvòvq MGj|
ˆMvjGKi fi, m = 500 g = 0.5 kg ii. KwVb ˆ^GK ZiGj i…cv¯¦Gii mgq ˆhme c`vG^Æi AvqZb êGo
ˆMvjGKi Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK Zvc, s = 200 J kg1 K1 hvq (ˆhgb ˆgvg), Pvc evoGj ZvGì Mjbvâ êGo hvq A^Ævr
ˆMvjGKi cÉv^wgK Zvcgvòv, T2 = 30C = (30 + 273) K êwk Zvcgvòvq MGj|
= 303 K
M DóxcK nGZ cvB, Avgiv Rvwb, eÕ§i fi,
1g `Gíi fi, m = 3 kg m = V =    r2l
Zvcgvòvi cv^ÆKÅ, T2T1= (50  30)C = 20C = 20 K = 8960 kg m3  3.1416  (5  103 m)2  1 m
= 0.7037 kg
cÉhyÚ Zvc, Q = 24000 J
cÉGqvRbxq Zvc,
AvGcwÞK Zvc, s = ? H = ms(T2T1) = 0.7037 kg  400 J kg1 K1  150 K
Avgiv Rvwb, = 4.22  104 J (Ans.)
Q = ms(T2T1)
Q 24000 J
N ˆÌqv AvGQ,

ev, s = m(T T ) = 3 kg  20 K = 400 J kg1 K1 (Ans.) AvqZb cÉmviY mnM,  = 50.1  106 K1
2 1

N DóxcK nGZ cvB, myZivs Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 3 = 16.7  106 K1
1g I 2q `Gíi Avw` Š`NÆÅ, l = 1 m Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T2T1 = 150C = 150 K
1g `Gíi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY, l1 l = 2.34  104 m Avw` eÅvm, d1 = 10 mm = 10  103 m
2q `Gíi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY, l2  l = 2.2  104 m cwiewZÆZ eÅvm, d2 = ?
Dfq `Gíi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T2T1 = (50  30)C = 20C = 20 K Avgiv Rvwb, Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,
myZivs 1g `G´£i Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM, =
d2 – d1
(eÅvmI ‰K cÉKvGii Š`NÆÅ)
l 1 l 4
2.34  10 m d1(T2T1)
1 = = = 1.17  105 K1
l(T2T1) 1 m  20 K ev, d2 – d1 = d1 (T2T1)
‰es 2q `G´£i Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  d2 = d1 +  d1 (T2T1)
l 2 l 2.2  104 m = 10  103 m + 10  103m 16.7  106 K1  150 K
2 = = = 1.1  105 K1 = 10.025  103 m = 10.025 mm < 10.06 mm
l(T2T1) 1 m  20 K
MvwYwZK weGkÏlY ˆ^GK ˆ`qv hvq, 1 > 2 ˆhGnZz wiswUi eÅvm 10.06 mm ‰es Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i ci ZviwUi eÅvm
AZ‰e, `í `yBwUi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM wf®² nevi KviGY `í `yBwUi nGe 10.025 mm, myZivs ZviwUGK wis ‰i gGaÅ cÉGek KivGbv hvGe|
Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY wf®² nGqGQ| cÉk² 83 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3
cÉk²  82 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4
A B
Zvcgvòv 4C
Zvgvi ZvGii Zvcgvòv 150C e†w«¬ Kiv nGjv| 20 cm Zvcgvòv 4C
fi 5 gm
10 mm  = 50.1  10–6 K–1 AvGcwÞK Zvc 1700 J kg–1 K–1
s = 400 J kg –1 K–1 eÅvmvaÆ 5 cm
100 cm  = 8960 kg m–3 K. ‰K ˆKjwfb KvGK eGj? 1
Zvgvi Zvi L. NgÆvÚ ˆ`Gn cvLvi evZvm Vvív Abyf„Z nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
K. cvwbi Šòawe±`y Kx? 1 M. B eÕ§i ZvcgvòvGK dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj cÉKvk Ki| 3
L. Pvc, c`vG^Æi ZvcgvwòK agÆ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 N. A cvGòi ÷ay Zij I B eÕ§i Zvcgvòv 30C e†w«¬ KiGZ
M. Zvgvi ZviGK Dîµ¦ KiGZ cÉGqvRbxq ZvGci cwigvY wbYÆq ˆKvbwUGZ KZ êwk ZvGci cÉGqvRb nGe- MvwYwZKfvGe
Ki| 3 weGkÏlY Ki| (4C Zvcgvòvq 1 c.c. cvwbi fi 1 gm) 4
N. Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i ci DÚ Zvgvi ZviwU 10.06 mm 83 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
eÅvmwewkÓ¡ wis-‰i gGaÅ cÉGek KivGbv hvGe wK-bv K cvwbi Šòa we±`yi Zvcgvòvi
 1
AskGK ‰K ˆKjwfb eGj|
MvwYwZKfve weGkÏlY Ki| 4 273.16
82 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L Avgiv Rvwb, cvwb memgq evÓ·vqxZ nGZ ^vGK| ‰ evÓ·vqb
K ˆh wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòv I PvGc cvwb wZb AeÕ©vGZB A^Ævr eid, wbfÆi KGi ‰i AvkcvGk DcwÕ©Z Rjxq evGÓ·i Dci| Rjxq evÓ·
cvwb I Rjxq evÓ·i…Gc mnveÕ©vb KGi ZvGK cvwbi Šòawe±`y eGj| êwk nGj evÓ·vqb axGi nq| AvgvGì NgÆvÚ ˆ`n ˆ^GK evÓ·vqGbi
dGj ‰i PvicvGk Rjxq evGÓ·i cwigvY êwk ^vGK| cvLvi evZvm
L wbw`ÆÓ¡ AvqZGbi ‰KwU Ave«¬ cvGòi MÅvGmi Pvc ‰i Zvcgvòvi
‰ Rjxq evÓ·GK mwiGq ˆ`q dGj evÓ·vqb `Ë‚Z nq| Avgiv AvGiv
Ici wbfÆikxj| MÅvGmi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ KiGj Pvc mylgfvGe e†w«¬
Rvwb evÓ·vqGbi mgq myµ¦ ZvGci cÉGqvRb| Nvg evÓ·vqGbi mgq
cvq| ZvB MÅvGmi Pvc cwigvc KGi Zvcgvòv wbYÆq Kiv hvq| myZivs
kixi ˆ^GK Zvc MÉnY KGi dGj Vvív Abyf„Z nq|
Pvc c`vG^Æi ‰KwU ZvcgvwòK agÆ|
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj B eÕ§i Zvcgvòv, TC = 4C
Zvgvi ZvGii Š`NÆÅ, l = 100 cm = 1 m
dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv, TF = ?
eÅvm, d = 10 mm
Avgiv Rvwb,
 eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 mm = 5  103 m
TF  32 TC 4
AvGcwÞK Zvc, s = 400 J kg1 K1 9
=
5 5
=
NbZ½,  = 8960 kg m3 ev, 5TF  160 = 36
Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T2T1 = 150C = 150 K  TF =
160 + 36
= 39.2 F (Ans.)
cÉGqvRbxq Zvc, H = ? 5
N A cvGòi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 cm = 0.05 m
 cvGòi cÉmviY (AvqZb e†w«¬),VB = ?
A cvGò cvwb DœPZv, h = 20 cm = 0.2 m cvwbi cÉK‡Z cÉmviY = ?
A cvGòi cvwbi AvqZb, V =  r2h Avgiv Rvwb,
= 3.1416  (0.05 m)2  0.2 m V2  V1
=
= 1.57  103 m3 V1(T2  T1)
cvwbi NbZ½,  = 1000 kg m3 ev, V2  V1 = V1(T2  T1)
myZivs cvwbi fi, ev, V2  V1 = 50.1  106  200  106  42
m1 = V   = 1.57  103 m3  1000 kg m3  VB = 4.2  107 m3
= 1.57 kg  cvGòi msGKvPb =  VB =  4.2 × 107 m3
AvGcwÞK Zvc, s1 = 4200 J kg1 K1  cvwbicÉK‡Z msGKvPb = AvcvZ msGKvPb + cvGòi msGKvPb
Dfq ˆÞGò Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T2T1 = 30C = 30 K ev, V = 1.49  106 m3  4.2  107 m3
cÉGqvRbxq Zvc, Q = ? ev, V = 1.07  106 m3
Avgiv Rvwb,  V = 1.07  103 L (Ans.)
1 1
Q = m1s1 (T2T1) = 1.57 kg  4200 J kg K  30 K N DóxcK Abyhvqx,
= 1.978  105 J
Zvgvi cvGòi fi, mC = 500 g = 0.5 kg
Avevi, B eÕ§i ˆÞGò, Zvgvi cvGòi Zvcgvòv, TC = 23C
AvGcwÞK Zvc, s2 = 1700 J kg1 K1 cvwbi fi, mW = 200 mL cvwbi fi
fi, m2 = 5 gm = 5  103 kg = 200 g = 0.2 kg
cÉGqvRbxq Zvc, Q2 = ? cvwbi Zvcgvòv, TW = 75C
myZivs, Q2 = m2s2 (T2T1) ‰es wgkÉGYi Zvcgvòv, Tm = 65C
ev, Q2 = 5  103 kg  1700 J kg1 K1  30 K gGb Kwi, Zvgvi I cvwbi AvGcwÞK Zvc h^vKÌGg sC I sW.
 Q2 = 2.55  102 J  Zvgvi cvò KZ‡ÆK M†nxZ Zvc, QC = mC sC TC
ˆhGnZz Q1  Q2 myZivs cvwbi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬GZ êwk ZvGci ‰es cvwb KZ‡ÆK ewRÆZ Zvc, QW = mW sW TW
cÉGqvRb nGe| ‰Lb, KÅvjwiwgwZi gƒjbxwZ AbymvGi, QC = QW
cÉk² 84 hGkvi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4  mC sC TC = mW sW TW
ev, 0.5  sC  (65  23) = 0.2  sW  (75  65)
23C Zvcgvòvi 500 g fGii Zvgvi cvGò 75C Zvcgvòvi 200 s 0.2  10
mL cvwb ivLv nj| Zvc Av`vb-cÉ`vGbi dGj DfGqi P„ov¯¦
ev, s C = 0.5  42
W
Zvcgvòv nj 65C. Zvc ˆ`qvi dGj cvwbi AvcvZ msGKvPb nq 
sC 2
=
1.49 mL. (‰LvGb AbÅ ˆKvGbvfvGe ZvGci Av`vb-cÉ`vb nqwb) sW 21
Zvgvi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM 50.1 × 106 K1 cvwbi NbZ½ 1000 kg aiv hvK, P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv AvGiv 5C e†w«¬ Kivi RbÅ m kg, 75C
m3 (aGi)| [msGkvwaZ] Zvcgvòvi AwZwiÚ cvwbi cÉGqvRb|
K. NbZ½ KvGK eGj? 1  ‰GÞGò Pƒov¯¦ Zvcgvòv nGe, Tm = (65 + 5)C = 75C
L. ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK ZiGj wbgwäZ KiGj IRb nvivq eGj gGb  KÅvjwiwgwZi gƒjbxwZ Abyhvqx,
mC sC TC = (mW + m) sW  TW
nq ˆKb eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 sC
M. cvwbi cÉK‡Z msGKvPb wbYÆq Ki| 3 ev, 0.5  sW  (70  23) = (0.2 + m)  (75  70)
N. DÚ NUbvq P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv AvGiv 5C e†w«¬ KiGZ AwZwiÚ ev, 0.5  2  47 = (0.2 + m)  5
21
KZUzKz cvwbi cÉGqvRb MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 47
84 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ev, 21 = 1 + 5m
K ˆKvGbv eÕ§i ‰KK AvqZGbi fiGK Zvi Dcv`vGbi NbZ½ eGj|
  m = 0.2476 kg
AZ‰e, wgkÉGYi Pzov¯¦ Zvcgvòv AvGiv 5C e†w«¬i RbÅ 0.2476 kg
L ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK ZiGj wbgwäZ KiGj ‰i Ici Ea»ÆgyLx ej ev ev 247.6 mL, 75C Zvcgvòvi cvwb cÉGqvRb|
µÏeZv KvR KGi| ‰ KviGY eÕ§wU IRb nvivq eGj gGb nq|
wbgwäZ eÕ§i Ici wKÌqviZ ‰B Ea»ÆgyLx ej ev µÏeZv eÕ§ KZÆ†K cÉk² 85 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5
AcmvwiZ ZiGji IRGbi mgvb| eÕ§i IRb nGZ ‰B µÏeZv weGqvM 10C Zvcgvòvq eMÆvKvi ‰KwU Zvgv I ‰KwU BÕ·vGZi cvGZi
KiGj wbU ej cvIqv hvq hv eÕ§i IRb ˆ^GK Kg| ZvB ZiGj cÉwZwUi ˆÞòdj 9m2| Zvc w`Gq BÕ·vGZi cvGZi Zvcgvòv 50C
wbgwäZ eÕ§ IRb nvivq eGj gGb nq| ‰ D®²xZ Kivq ˆÞòdj 9.012024m2 nGjv| (Zvgvi ˆÞò cÉmviY
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, mnM 22.0  106K1)
cvwbi AvcvZ cÉmviY, Va = 1.49 mL = 1.49  106 m3 K. ‰K ˆKjwfb KvGK eGj? 1
L. mƒGhÆi Pviw`GK c†wêxi MwZ Kx aiGbi MwZ? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
cvGòi Avw` Zvcgvòv, T1 = 23C
M. Zvgvi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM wbYÆq Ki| 3
P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv, T2 = 65C
N. Zvcgvòv e† w«¬ KGi Zvgvi cvZwUGK BÕ·vGZi cvGZi Ici
Avw` AvqZb, V1 = 200 mL = 200  106 m3
mgvcwZZ Kiv mÁ¿e nGe wK? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGi
Zvgvi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM,  = 50.1  106 K1
gZvgZ `vI| 4
85 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ivLGj eo cvGòi cvwbi DcwiZGji ˆÞòdj êwk nq eGj eo
1 cvGòi cvwbi evÓ·vqb `Ë‚Z nq|
K cvwbi Šòawe±`yi Zvcgvòvi 273.16 fvMGK ‰K ˆKjwfb eGj|

M DóxcK nGZ cvB, 1bs cvGZi

L mƒGhÆi Pviw`GK c†wêxi MwZ chÆve†î MwZ, KviY cÉwZ 365 w`Gb Avw` ˆÞòdj, A1 = 4m2
c†wêx mƒhÆGK ‰Kevi cÉ`wÞY KGi cƒGeÆi AeÕ©vGb wdGi AvGm ‰es P„ov¯¦ ˆÞòdj, A2 = 4.033m2
cybivq ‰KB w`GK PjGZ ^vGK| KÞ Zvcgvòv, T1 = 25 C = 298 K
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, Zvgvi ˆÞò cÉmviY mnM,  = 22.0  10 K
 –6 –1 P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv, T2 = 175 C = 448 K
Zvgvi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM, = ? ˆÞò cÉmviY mnM,  = ?
Zvgvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM  nGj, Avgiv Rvwb,  = A2  A1
A1(T2  T1)
Avgiv Rvwb,  = 2 4.033  4
 22.0  10–6 =
ev,  = 2 = 2
4(448  298)
= 5.5  105 K1 (Ans.)
= 1.1  10–5 K–1
Avevi,  = 3 N 2 I 3 bs cvGZi, Avw` ˆÞòdj, A1 = 4 m2
= 3  1.1  10 –5
Avw` Zvcgvòv, T1 = 25C
= 3.3  10–5 K–1 (Ans.) 2 bs cvGZi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T2T1 = (150  25)C
N Zvgvi cvGZi cÉv^wgK ˆÞòdj, A1 = 9 m2 = 125C = 125 K
Zvgvi cvGZi cÉv^wgK Zvcgvòv, T1 = 10C = 283 K 3 bs cvGZi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T3T1 = (170  25)C
= 145C = 145 K
Zvgvi cvZwU 50C Zvcgvòvi BÕ·vGZi cvGZi mvG^ mgvcwZZ
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB,
nGZ nGj Zvgvi cvGZi Pzov¯¦ ˆÞòdj nGZ nGe, A2 = 9.012024 m2
ˆÞò cÉmviY mnM,  = 5.5  105 K1
Zvgvi ˆÞò cÉmviY mnM,  = 22.0  10–6 K–1
A2A1
Zvgvi cvGZi P„ov¯¦ Zvcgvòv T2 nGj, 2bs cvGZi ˆÞòdGji cwieZÆb A2A1 nGj,  =
A1 (T2T1)
A2 – A1
=
A1 (T2 – T1) ev, A2  A1 =   A1  (T2  T1)
= 5.5  105  4  125
ev, T2 – T1 = A2 – A1 = 0.0275 m2
A1
A3A1
A2 – A1 9.012024 – 9 3bs cvGZi ˆÞòdGji cwieZÆb A3  A1 nGj,  =
 T2 = + T1 = + 283 K A1(T3T1)
A1 9  22.0  10–6
= (60.73 + 283) K = 343.73 K = 70.73C ev, A3A1 =   A1  (T3T1)
Zvgvi cvZwUi Zvcgvòv 70.73C Kiv nGj 50C Zvcgvòvi = 5.5  105  4  145
= 0.0319 m2
BÕ·vGZi cvGZi Dci mgcvwZZ nGe| jÞÅ Kwi, A2  A1  A3  A1
cÉk² 86 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 4 AZ‰e, Zvc cÉGqvGM 2 ‰es 3 bs cvZ `yBwUi ˆÞòdGji cwieZÆb
‰KwU KviLvbvq wZbwU mxmvi cvGZi Dci 1, 2 ‰es 3 bs ˆjGfj mgvb bq|
jvMvGbv AvGQ| cÉwZwU cvGZi ˆÞòdj 4m2| 1 bs cvZwUGK 175C cÉk² 87 ewikvj êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 4
chÆ¯¦ Dîµ¦ Kivq ˆÞòdj nq 4.033m2| 2 bs ‰es 3 bs cvZ ‰KwU Zvgvi ZvGii Š`NÆÅ 25C Zvcgvòvq 100m. Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i
`yBwUGK h^vKÌGg 150C ‰es 170C chÆ¯¦ Dîµ¦ Kiv nGjv| [KÞ dGj ZviwUi Š`NÆÅ 100.02m nq| ZviwUi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM 16.7
Zvcgvòv wQj 25C]  106K1|
K. evÓ·vqGbi msæv `vI| 1 K. AvGcwÞK Zvc Kx? 1
L. ‰KB DœPZvwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eo cvò I ‰KwU ˆQvU cvGò L. Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i dGj c`vG^Æi cÉmviY NGU ˆKb? 2
mgcwigvY cvwb ivLGj, ˆKvb cvGòi cvwb `Ë‚Z evÓ·vwqZ nGe M. ZviwUi Zvcgvòv KZ wWwMÉ e†w«¬ Kiv nGqwQj? 3
‰es ˆKb? 2 N. DcGii ZviwU hw` AÅvjywgwbqvGgi nGZv ‰es ZviwUi Š`NÆÅ
M. 1 bs cvZwUi ˆÞò cÉmviY mnM wbYÆq Ki| 3 100.02m nIqvi RbÅ 875C Zvcgvòv cÉGqvRb nGZv ZGe
N. Zvc cÉGqvGM 2 I 3 bs cvZ `yBwUi ˆÞòdGji cwieZÆb Zzwg wK ZviwUi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM wbYÆq KiGZ cviGZ?
mgvb bq; MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
K ˆh ˆKvGbv Zvcgvòvq ZiGji ÷ay DcwiZj ˆ^GK axGi axGi  K 1kg fGii ˆKvGbv eÕ§i Zvcgvòv 1K evovGZ ˆh cwigvY ZvGci
evGÓ· cwiYZ nIqvi cÉwKÌqvGK evÓ·vqb eGj| cÉGqvRb nq ZvGK H eÕ§i Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK Zvc eGj|
L cvwbi evÓ·vqb ‰i DúZv, ‰i Ici evqyi Pvc, evqyi ÷Ó•Zv,  L Zvc w`Gj cÉvq me c`vG^ÆiB cÉmviY NGU| ‰KwU KwVb
cvwbi DcwiZGji ˆÞòdj BZÅvwì Ici wbfÆi KGi| ‰KB DœPZv
c`v^ÆGK Avgiv AGbKàGjv AYy wnGmGe KÍ¸bv KiGZ cvwi hvGì
wewkÓ¡ cvwb ‰KB Õ©vGb ivLv nGj evqyi Pvc, ÷Ó•Zv ‰KB nq wK¯§
gaÅKvi AvYweK ejGK wÕ·ÉsGqi mvG^ Zzjbv KiGZ cvwi| wÕ·ÉsGqi
cvwbi DcwiZGji ˆÞòdj êwk nGj êwk Õ©vb RyGo cvwb
ˆÞGò ‰KwU wÕ·ÉsGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ `ƒiGZ½ cÉmvwiZ KiGj ˆmwU ˆh eGj
evÓ·vwqZ nIqvi myGhvM cvq| ‰KB cwigvY cvwb eo I ˆQvU cvGò
UvbGZ ^vGK ˆmB ‰KB `yiGZ½ msKzwPZ KiGj ‰KB eGj ˆVjGZ Avgiv Rvwb,
^vGK| wK¯§ KwVb c`vG^Æi AYyàGjvi ˆÞGò AYyàGjvGK ‰KwU êwk = 2 1
l l
`ƒiGZ½ mwiGq wbGj ‰Uv ˆh cwigvY eGj UvbGZ ^vGK ˆmB ‰KB l 1 (T 2  T1)
100.02  100
`ƒiGZ½ KvQvKvwQ AvbGj AGbK êwk eGj ˆVjGZ ^vGK| A^Ævr =
100(1148  298)
Av¯¦tAvYweK `ƒiZ½ ˆhb ‰KwU weGkl aiGbi wÕ·És| ‰Uv cÉmvwiZ = 2.35  107 K1
KiGZ Kg ej cÉGqvM KiGZ nq wK¯§ msKzwPZ KiGZ êwk ej Avevi,  = 3 = 3  2.35  107 K1
cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| = 7.06  107 K1
AZ‰e, Avwg ZviwUi AvqZb cÉmviY mnM wbYÆq KiGZ cviZvg|
cÉk² 88 XvKv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
95F 30C
wPò: 1 bs cvò wPò: 2 bs cvò

K. c`vG^Æi µÏvRgv AeÕ©v KvGK eGj? 1
L. Zvgvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 400Jkg–1K–1 ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2
wPò: AYyàGjv ‰KwU AbÅwUi mvG^ wÕ·És w`Gq hyÚ-‰i…c KÍ¸bv KGi M. 1bs cvGòi ZiGji Zvcgvòv ˆKjwfb ˆÕ•Gj KZ? 3
ˆbIqv hvq| N. 2bs cvGòi ZiGji Zvcgvòv 10F e†w«¬ KGi `yB cvGòi
‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq ^vKvi KviGY AYyàGjv KuvcGQ| weGkl Zij Zvcxq msÕ·GkÆ AvbGj Zvc mçvjGbi ˆÞGò Kx
aiGbi wÕ·És nIqvi KviGY Kuvcvi mgq AYyàGjv KvQvKvwQ hvq Kg NUGe Zv weGkÏlY Ki| 4
wK¯§ `ƒGi mGi hvq êwk| ‰evGi KwVb c`v^ÆwUGK AvGiv Dîµ¦ Kiv 88 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
nGjv AYyàGjv AvGiv êwk KuvcGZ ^vKGe ‰es AYyàGjv ‰B weGkl
K c`vG^Æi PZy^Æ ˆfŒZ AeÕ©v nGjv µÏvRgv| µÏvRgv nGjv AwZ DœP

aiGbi wÕ·ÉsGqi RbÅ ˆhGnZz êwk KvGQ ˆhGZ cvGi bv wK¯§ mnGRB
Zvcgvòvq AvqwbZ MÅvm|
êwk `ƒGi ˆhGZ cvGi, ZvB AYyàGjv ‰GK AGbÅi ˆ^GK ‰KUz `ƒGi
mGi bZzb ‰KUv mvgÅ AeÕ©v ŠZwi KiGe| me AYy hLb ‰GK AbÅ L Zvgvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 400J kg–1K–1 ejGZ êvSvq, 1kg

ˆ^GK `ƒGi mGi hvGe ZLb cyGiv KwVb eÕ§B ‰KUz cÉmvwiZ nGq Zvgvi Zvcgvòv 1K e†w«¬ KiGZ 400J Zvc cÉGqvRb nq|
ˆMGQ eGj gGb nGe| M

M DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
ZvGii Avw` Š`NÆÅ, l1 = 100 m TF – 32 TK – 273
= 1bs cvGòi ZiGji Zvcgvòv,
9 5
ZvGii ˆkl Š`NÆÅ, l2 = 100.02 m TF = 95F
95 – 32 TK – 273
ZvGii Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 16.7  106 K1 ev, 9 = 5 ˆKjwfb ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv,
TK = ?
ZvGii Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T2T1 = ? 5
ev, TK – 273 = 9  63 = 35
Avgiv Rvwb,
l2  l 1  TK = 273 + 35
=
l1 (T2T1) = 308 K (Ans.)
ev, l l
(T2T1) = 2 1 N 2bs cvGòi ZiGji eZÆgvb Zvcgvòv, TC = 30C

l1  
dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj ‰B Zvcgvòv TF nGj,
100.02  100
= TF – 32 TC
100  16.7  106 9
=
5
= 11.97 K 9
= 11.97 C (Ans.) ev, TF – 32 = 5 TC
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 9
 TF = 32 + TC = 32 + 1.8  30 = 86 F
5
AÅvjywgwbqvGgi ZvGii Avw` Š`NÆÅ, l1 = 100 m
ˆkl Š`NÆÅ, l2 = 100.02m myZivs 2bs cvGòi Zvcgvòv 10F e†w«¬ KiGj bZyb Zvcgvòv nGe
= 86F + 10F = 96F > 95F (1g cvGòi ZiGji Zvcgvòv)
Avw` Zvcgvòv, T1 = 25C
= 298 K AZ‰e 2bs cvGòi ZiGji Zvcgvòv 10F e†w«¬ KGi `yB cvGòi
ˆkl Zvcgvòv, T2 = 875C Zij Zvcxq msÕ·GkÆ AvbGj 2bs cvGòi Zij nGZ wKQy cwigvY
= 1148 K Zvc mçvwjZ nGq 1bs cvGòi ZiGj cÉGek KiGe| ‰GZ Dfq
Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = ? cvGòi ZiGji Zvcgvòv mgvb nGq hvGe ‰es ZvGci mçvjb e®¬
AvqZb cÉmviY mnM,  = ? nGq hvGe|
cÉk² 89 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 2 90 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
‰KwU îjjvBGb 200 m Š`GNÆÅi ˆjvnvi cvZ eÅen†Z nGqGQ| `yBwU K cÉgvY PvGc ˆh Zvcgvòvq ‰K UzKiv eid MjGZ ÷i‚ KGi ZvGK

cvGZi gGaÅ 4 ˆm.wg. duvKv iGqGQ| Zvcgvòv Õ¼vfvweGKi ˆPGq eid we±`y eGj|
10C êGo ˆMj| ˆjvnvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM 11.5  10–6K–1| L îj jvBb BÕ·vGZi ŠZwi nq| jvBGbi Ici w`Gq hLb ÛÇb
K. üGKi mƒòwU wjL| 1 PGj ZLb NlÆGYi KviGY ‰es mƒGhÆi DîvGc jvBGbi Zvcgvòv AGbK
L. ‰KwU cvwbcƒYÆ cvGò ‰KwU wWg ˆQGo w`Gj wWgwU WzGe Lvwb e†w«¬ cvq| Zvcgvòvi ‰B e†w«¬i dGj avZe Dcv`vGb ŠZwi
hvGe wK¯¦y cvòwUGZ cwigvYgZ jeY wgwkÉZ KGi wWgwU îj jvBb Š`GNÆÅ cÉmvwiZ nq| ‰ mgq cvkvcvwk AewÕ©Z `ywU
ˆQGo w`Gj ˆfGm DVGe ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 jvBGbi gvGS duvKv bv ^vKGj îjjvBb euvKv nGq ˆhGZv ‰es ÛÇb
M. ˆjvnvi cvGZi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY wbYÆq Ki| 3 `yNUÆ bv NUGZv| ‰ KviGY îjjvBGb ˆhLvGb `ywU ˆjvnvi evi wgwjZ
N. Zvcgvòv 15C êGo ˆMGj îj jvBbwUi Dci Kx cÉfve nq ˆmLvGb duvKv ^vGK|
coGe? MvwYwZKfvGe Bnvi djvdj weGkÏlY Ki| 4
89 bs cÉGk²i Dîi M

K wÕ©wZÕ©vcK mxgvi gGaÅ eÕ¦yi cxob ‰i weK‡wZi mgvbycvwZK|
 TF  32 TC ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv,
=
9 5
L mvaviY cvwbi NbZ½ (cÉvq 1000 kgm–3) AGcÞv jeYvÚ cvwbi TC = 36.89C
9 êi KiGZ nGe,
NbZ½ (cÉvq 1024 kgm–3) êwk nIqvq jeY wgwkÉZ cvwbi gGaÅ eÕ§i ev, TF  32 = 5 TC
µÏeZv êwk A^Ævr mvaviY cvwbi Zyjbvq jeY wgwkÉZ cvwbGZ PvGci 9
dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv,
 TF = TC + 32 TF = ?
cv^ÆGKÅi ì‚Y eÕ¦y DcGii w`GK êwk jwº¬ ej Abyfe KiGe| ZvB 5
jeY wgwkÉZ cvwbGZ wWg ˆQGo w`Gj ˆfGm DVGe| = 1.8  36.89 + 32
= 98.402F (Ans.)
M ‰LvGb, Avw` Š`NÆÅ, L0 = 200m

Zvcgvòvi cv^ÆKÅ, T = 10C = 10K N DóxcK gGZ,
Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 11.5  10–6 K–1 `Gíi Avw` Š`NÆÅ, l1 = 100m
Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY, L = ? cwiewZÆZ Š`NÆÅ, l2 = 100.033m
L Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T = 66.89C  36.89C = 30C = 30K
Avgiv Rvwb,  = L T DóxcGKi `íwUi Dcv`vGbi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM  nGj,
0
ev, L = L0T = 11.510–6K–1  200m 10K l 2 = l1 (1 + T) ev, 1 + T =
l2 l
ev, T = l2  1
 L = 0.023 m l1 1
l2 100.033m
 ˆjvnvi iGWi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY 0.023m. (Ans) 1 1
l1 100m
N ‰LvGb,
 = =
T 30K
Avw` Š`NÆÅ, L0 = 200m = 11  106K1
Zvcgvòvi cv^ÆKÅ, T = 15C = 15 K Avgiv Rvwb, BÕ·vGZi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM 11  106K1|
ˆjvnvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 11.5  10–6 K–1 myZivs DóxcGKi `íwU BÕ·vGZi ŠZwi|
L
Avgiv Rvwb,  = L T cÉk² 91 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
0
ev, L =  L0 T 2m Š`GNÆÅi ‰KwU ˆjvnvi `Gí Zvc w`Gq Zvi Zvcgvòv 10C e†w«¬
= 11.5 10–6 K–1200m 15K Kiv nGjv| ‰GZ `Gíi Š`NÆÅ mvgvbÅ e†w«¬ ˆcj| ˆjvnv I Zvgvi
= 0.0345 m Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM h^vKÌGg 11.6  10–6K–1 ‰es 16.7  10–6 K–1|
= 3.45 cm
K. cybtwkjxfeb Kx? 1
 ˆjvnvi cvGZi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY 3.45 cm| wK¯¦y `yBcvGZi gvGS 4 L. i…cvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 230J kg–1K–1 ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2
ˆm.wg. dvKv ^vKvq ‰B Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY îj jvBbwUi Dci ˆKvGbv M. ewaÆZ Zvcgvòv dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj KZ nGe Zv wbYÆq Ki| 3
cÉfve ˆdjGe bv| ZvB ejv hvq, Zvcgvòv evoGj 15C îj jvBGb N. hw` `íwU Zvgvi nGZv ZGe Zvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY wK ‰KB
ˆKvGbv mgmÅv m†wÓ¡ nGe bv| nGZv? MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
cÉk² 90 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3 91 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
36.89C Zvcgvòvq ‰KwU `Gíi Š`NÆÅ 100 m| Zvcgvòv e†w«¬  K Pvc w`Gq KwVb eÕ¦yGK ZiGj cwiYZ KGi I Pvc nËvm KGi
ˆcGq 66.89C nIqvq ‰i Š`NÆÅ 100.033 m nq| Avevi KwVb AeÕ©vq AvbvGK cybtwkjxfeb eGj|
K. eid we±`y KvGK eGj? 1
L i…cvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 230 Jkg–1K–1 ejGZ êvSvq, 1kg i…cvi
L. îj jvBGb ˆhLvGb `yBwU ˆjvnvi evi wgwjZ nq ˆmLvGb
Zvcgvòv 1K e†w«¬ KiGZ 230J cwigvY ZvGci ìKvi nq|
duvK ^vGK ˆKb? 2
M. ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv 36.89C nGj H Zvcgvòv  M ˆmjwmqvGm ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ = 10C
dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj KZ nGe wbYÆq Ki| 3 Avgiv Rvwb,
N. DóxcGKi `íwU KxGmi ŠZwi? MvwYwZK hywÚmn gZvgZ ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòvi 1 cwieZÆGb dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj
`vI| 4 Zvcgvòv 9 cwiewZÆZ nq|
5
9
 dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gji Zvcgvòvi cwieZÆb = 5  10 L 371 K = (371 – 273)C = 98C = 100C – 2C
Avgiv Rvwb, evqyPvc 2.7 cm cwigvY nËvm ˆcGj cvwbi Õ¹zUbvsK
= 18 (Ans.)
1C cwigvY nËvm cvq| myZivs evqyPvc 2.7 cm  2 = 5.4 cm
N ˆjvnvi `Gíi RbÅ, cwigvY nËvm ˆcGq (76 cm – 5.4 cm) = 70.6 cm nGj cvwbi
Avw` Š`NÆÅ, L0 = 2m Õ¹zUbvsK 2C nËvm cvGe| ZLb cvwbi Õ¹zUbvsK nGe 98C ev
ˆjvnvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 11.6  10–6K–1 371K| Avgiv Rvwb, f„c†Ó¤ nGZ hZ DcGi hvIqv hvq evqy Pvc ZZ
Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T = 10C = 10 K nËvm cvq| ‰ KviGY f„c†Ó¤ nGZ wbw`ÆÓ¡ DœPZvq ˆMGj ˆmLvGb 98C
 ˆjvnvi `Gíi Š`NÆÅ e†w«¬, L = L0  T ev 371K Zvcgvòvq cvwb dzUvGbv mÁ¿e|
= 2m  11.6  10–6K–1  10K
= 0.000232 m M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

Zvgvi `Gíi RbÅ, cÉhyÚ Zvc, Q = 1950 J
Avw` Š`NÆÅ, L0 = 2m ZvGii fi, m = 0.5 kg
Zvgvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,  = 16.7  10–6K–1 Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, (T2 – T1) = 30 K
Zvcgvòv e†w«¬,  = 10K êi KiGZ nGe, ZvGii Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK Zvc, S = ?
 Zvgvi `Gíi Š`NÆÅ e†w«¬, L = L0  T Avgiv Rvwb, Q = ms(T1 – T2)
= 2m = 16.7  10–6  10K Q 1950J
S= = = 130 Jkg–1K–1 (Ans.)
= 0.000334m m(T1 – T2) 0.5kg  30K
ˆhGnZy 0.000232m  0.000334m N Avgiv Rvwb, mxmvi AvGcwÞK Zvc 130 Jkg–1K–1
A^Ævr L  L myZivs ZviwU mxmvq ŠZwi| ‰i Š`NÆÅ cÉmviY mnM,
myZivs hw` `íwU Zvgvi nGZv ZGe Zvi Š`NÆÅ cÉmviGYi cwigvY  = 27.6  10–6K–1 (Rvbv AvGQ)
‰KB nGZv bv| ˆkl Š`NÆÅ, L2 = 100.033 m
cÉk² 92 hGkvi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 5 Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, T = 30 K
0.5 kg fGii ‰KwU ZvGi 1950J Zvc cÉGqvM Kivq ‰i Zvcgvòv Avw` Š`NÆÅ L1 nGj, L2 = L1(1 + T)
L2
e†w«¬ ‰es ˆkl Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 30K ‰es 100.033m nGjv| ev, L1 = 1 + T
K. fvwbÆqvi aË‚eK KvGK eGj? 1 100.033m
L. 371K Zvcgvòvq cvwb dzUvGbv mÁ¿e@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 =
1 + 27.6  10–6K–1  30K
M. ZvGii Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK Zvc wbYÆq Ki| 3 = 99.95 m
N. ZvGii Avw` Š`NÆÅ «¼viv ŠZwi ‰KwU wis 32m DœPZvwewkÓ¡ 99.95m Š`GNÆÅi Zvi «¼viv wis ŠZwi Kiv nGj
ˆKvGbv duvcv NbGKi wfZGi cÉGek KivGbv mÁ¿e nGe wK? gGb Kwi, H wisGqi eÅvm D
MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4  D = 99.95m
92 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 99.95m 99.95m
D= = = 31.815 m < 32 m (NbGKi DœPZv)
 3.1416
K gƒj ˆÕ•Gji Þz`ËZg ‰K fvGMi ˆPGq fvwbÆqvi ˆÕ•Gji ‰K fvM
hZUzKz Þz`ËZi ˆm cwigvYGK mswkÏÓ¡ ÕÏvBW KÅvwjcvGmÆi fvwbÆqvi myZivs ZvGii Avw` Š`NÆÅ «¼viv ŠZwi ‰KwU wis 32m DœPZv wewkÓ¡
aË‚eK eGj| ˆKvGbv duvcv NbGKi ˆfZGi cÉGek KivGbv mÁ¿e|
mµ¦g AaÅvq : Ziã I kõ

cÉk² 99 XvKv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4 N. K„Gci gyGL kõ KiGj Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i cƒGeÆ I cGi
cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi ˆÞGò ˆKvGbvi…c ZviZgÅ nGe wK? DîGii
evqyi Zvcgvòv 25°C mcGÞ h^vh^ hywÚ DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4
99 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
100m
25m K ˆh mgGq ZiGãi DciÕ© ˆKvGbv KYvi ‰KwU cƒYÆ Õ·±`b

mÁ·®² nq ZvGK chÆvqKvj eGj|
K„c L ˆKvGbv ‰KwU ZiãvwqZ KYvi ˆhGKvGbv gynƒGZÆi MwZi mvgwMÉK
MÉxÓÃKvGj evqyi Zvcgvòv hLb 10°C e†w«¬ cvq ZLb K„Gci AeÕ©v cÉKvkK ivwkGK Zvi `kv eGj| MwZi mvgwMÉK AeÕ©v
DcwiZj ˆ^GK cvwb 1m ˆbGg AvGm| AaÅvq-6 I 7 ‰i mg®¼Gq ejGZ KYvi MwZi w`K, miY, êM, Z½iY BZÅvw` eySvq|
Y
K. chÆvqKvj KvGK eGj? 1 a P
L. Ziã kxlÆ I Ziã cv` mg`kv mÁ·®² bq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv
KGiv| 2 X
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ evqyi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj KZ
nGe? 3 a
R
DcGii wPGò ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq ZiãwÕ©Z wewf®² KYvi miY M. cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ O nGZ AD ‰i bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq
cÉ`wkÆZ nGqGQ| ZiãkxlÆ I ZiãcvG` AeÕ©vbKvjxb KYvmgƒGni KGiv| 3
êM kƒbÅ nq| P KYvwU mvgveÕ©vb ˆ^GK ˆhw`GK mGeÆvœP `ƒiGZ½ (a) N. O we±`y GZ ù v ovGbv eÅwÚ H Zvcgvòvq KZevi cÉ w Za»wb
AvGQ| R KYvwU Zvi wecixZ w`GK mGeÆvœP `ƒiGZ½ (a) AvGQ| P ÷bvGZ cvGi? hywÚmn ˆZvgvi gZvgZ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
KYvwUi Z½iY mvgÅveÕ©vb AwfgyLx A^Ævr Y AGÞi FYvñK w`GK| 100 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
R KYvwUi Z½iYI mvgÅveÕ©vb AwfgyLx A^Ævr Y AGÞi abvñK  K ˆh chÆvqe†î AvG±`vjb ˆKvGbv Ro gvaÅGgi ‰KÕ©vb ˆ^GK
w`GK| ˆhGnZz ‰Gì miY, Z½iY wecixZgyLx, ZvB ‰iv mg`kv AbÅÕ©vGb kwÚ mçvwjZ KGi wK¯§ gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvGK Õ©vqxfvGe
mÁ·®² bq| Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ KGi bv ZvB Ziã|
M DóxcK nGZ cvB, L ‰KwU wÕ·ÉsGK ÛGb ˆQGo w`Gj ‰wU mvgGb ˆcQGb Õ·w±`Z nGZ
ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj ewaÆZ Zvcgvòv, TC = 10C ^vGK| ‰ mgq ‰i wewf®² Ask msKzwPZ I cÉmvwiZ nq ‰es ‰
dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv e†w«¬, TF = ? gvaÅGg ZiãwU mvgGb AMÉmi nq| Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv Ziã hw`
T T gvaÅGgi msGKvPb-cÉmviGYi gvaÅGg AMÉmi nq ‰es ‰ mgq
Avgiv Rvwb, Zvcgvòvi cv^ÆGKÅi ˆÞGò, 9 F = 5 C ZiGãi w`K nq gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvi Õ·±`Gbi w`GKi mgv¯¦ivj
9
 TF =  TC
ZGe DÚ Ziã nGjv Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã|
5 ‰ KviGY wÕ·ÉsGqi ZiãI Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã|
= 1.8  10F
= 18F (Ans.) M evqyi Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, v nGj cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ O
nGZ AD ‰i bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ hw` d nq,
N 25°C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, v2 nGj hw` t1 mgq ci cÉwZa»wb vt ‰LvGb,
ˆkvbv hvq, d =
2 kÉeYvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj,
t1 =
2d ‰LvGb, =
t
v t = 0.1 s
v2 2
K„Gci cvwbi DcwiZGji MfxiZv, 0C ‰ kGõi êM, vo = 332 m/s
2d t T
=
T2
d = 100  25 = 75m =  v0
2 T0
Zvcgvòv, T0 = 0C = 273 K
v1 0°C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, Zvcgvòv, T = 20C
T1 0.1 293
v1 = 332 m/s =  332  = (20 + 273) K
2d T1 2 273
= T1 = 0°C = 293 K
v1 T2 = (0 + 273)K = 17.2 m (Ans.)
=
2 × 75 273 = 273K N DóxcGK cÉ`wkÆZ KGÞ ˆkvjvi ˆ`qvj nGZ ˆKvGbv kõ cÉwZdwjZ
332 298 T2 = 25°C nGe bv| ˆKej AB I AD ˆ`qvj nGZ kGõi cÉwZdjb NUGe|
 t1 = 0.4324s = (25 + 273)K
‰Lb, cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ O nGZ AD ‰i `ƒiZ½ OE I AB ‰i
= 298K
evqyi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ ˆcGq 35°C nIqvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v3 nGj `ƒiZ½ OF A¯¦Z 17.2m (‘M’ nGZ)
E
nGZ nGe|
hw` t2 mgq ci cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvq, A D
t2 =
2d ‰LvGb,
v3
K„Gci cvwbi DcwiZGji MfxiZv,
2d T1 d = 75m + 1 m = 76 m F ˆkvjv
= O
v1 T3
0°C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM,
2d T1 v1 = 332 m/s
= B C
v1 T3 T1 = 0°C = 273K
2 × 76 273 T2 = 35°C = 308K
hw` OE = OF nq hv OE I OF ‰i `ƒiGZ½i cv^ÆKÅ ‰gb nq ˆh ‰i
=
332 308 ˆ`qvj nGZ cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi 0.1s ‰i gGaÅ AbÅ ˆ`qvj nGZ cÉwZdwjZ
 t2 = 0.431 s kõ O we±`yGZ PGj AvGm ZGe ˆKej ‰KwU cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe|
evqyi Zvcgvòv 10°C e†w«¬ cvIqvq cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cƒeÆvGcÞv t1  t2 ‰Lb hw` OE I OF ‰i `ƒiGZ½i cv^ÆKÅ A¯¦Z d nq ˆhb `yB ˆ`qvj
= 0.4324  0.451 = 0.0014s mgq Kg jvMGe| evqyGZ kGõi êM nGZ cÉwZdwjZ kõ A¯¦Z 0.1s ‰i eÅeavGb O we±`yGZ ˆcuŒQvq ZGe
Zvcgvòvi mvG^ e†w«¬ cvIqvq ‰i…c NUbv NGU| `yBwU cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe|
‰GÞGò, d = 17.2 m (‘M’ nGZ cvB) nGe|
cÉk² 101 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6
A D
A B R
ˆkvjv
O 20°C Zvcgvòvq
B C evqy
evqyi Zvcgvòv 20C
30°C
5m
O we±`yGZ ùvwoGq ‰KeÅwÚ 1 evi DœPÕ¼Gi
kõ Kij|
23m
K. Ziã KvGK eGj? 1
A AeÕ©vGbi eÅwÚ 120 Hz KÁ·vâ wewkÓ¡ kõ Drc®² KiGj, B
L. wÕ·És ‰i Ziã Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 AeÕ©vGbi eÅwÚ Zvi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGi|
K. kGõi cÉvejÅ KvGK eGj? 1 cÉk² 102 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6
L. kõ ‰K cÉKvi Ziã ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 Y
M. Drc®² kGõi Ziã‹`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 25C Zvcgvòvq ZiGãi êM = 350 ms1
N. evqyi Zvcgvòv 40°C nGj ‰KB kGõi RbÅ B AeÕ©vGbi
eÅwÚ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cviGe wK? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
K mçvjGbi w`GKi mvG^ ‰KK ˆÞòdGji gaÅw`Gq cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£
ˆh cwigvY kõ kwÚ cÉevwnZ nq ZvB nGjv kGõi cÉvejÅ ev ZxeËZv| 50 cm
cvwbGZ êM 1474 ms1
L kõ mçvjGbi mgq kõ DrGmi KÁ·b gvaÅGgi msGKvPb- ˆjvnvq êM 5130 ms1
cÉmviGYi gvaÅGg mvgGbi w`GK AMÉmi nq ‰es Zv ‰K Õ©vb nGZ  AaÅvq 6 I 7 ‰i mg®¼Gq
AbÅ Õ©vGb kwÚGK mçvwjZ KGi| K. cÉwZa»wb KvGK eGj? 1
Avevi, Ziã nGjv ‰KUv gvaÅGgi ˆfZi w`Gq kwÚ cvVvGbvi L. îvM wbYÆGq kGõvîi KÁ·b eÅen†Z nq eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
cÉwKÌqv, ˆhLvGb gvaÅGgi KYvàGjv Zvi wbGRi Õ©vGb Õ·w±`Z nGZ M. DóxcGKi ZvcgvòvGK dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj cÉKvk KGiv| 3
cvGi, wK¯§ ˆmLvb nGZ mGi bv| N. DóxcGKi ZiGãi mgvb KÁ·vsKwewkÓ¡ Ziã cvwb I
‰ KviGY ejv hvq, kõ ‰K cÉKvi Ziã| ˆjvnvq mgvb Ziã‹`NÆÅ wewkÓ¡ nGe wK? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M 20C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v2 nGj, 102 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
v2 T2 ‰LvGb, K hLb cÉwZdwjZ kõ gƒj kõ ˆ^GK Avjv`v nGq gƒj kGõi
=
v1 T1 0C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, cy bive†wî KGi, ZLb H cÉwZdwjZ kõGK cÉwZa»wb eGj|
T2
 v2 = v1 v1 = 332 m/s L AvjUÇvmGbvMÉvwd hG¯¨ 1-10 ˆgMvnvUÆR KÁ·vGâi kõ eÅenvi
T1
Zvcgvòv, T1 = 0C KGi kixGii ˆfZGii AãcÉZÅã, gvsmGcwk BZÅvwì Qwe ˆZvjv
293
= 332
273
= (0 + 273) K nq| ‰ Qwe ˆ^GK wewf®² îvM wbYÆq Kiv nq| gvbyGli kÉeYGhvMÅ
= 343.95 m/s
= 273 K mGeÆvœP KÁ·vGâi kõ nGjv 20 wKGjvnvUÆR KÁ·vâwewkÓ¡, ‰i
Zvcgvòv, T2 = 20C êwk KÁ·vGâi kõGK kGõvîi KÁ·b ejv nq| AvjUÇvmGbvMÉvwdGZ
= (20 + 273) K eÅen†Z 1-10 ˆgMvnvUÆR KÁ·b 20 wKGjvnvUÆR AGcÞv êwk| A^Ævr,
= 293 K ‰wU kGõvîi Ziã, AvÎŸÈvmGbvMÉvwdGZ kGõvîi Ziã eÅenvi KGi
Drc®² kGõi Ziã Š`NÆÅ,  nGj, îvM wbYÆq Kiv nq|
= f
v2 ‰LvGb, M
kGõi êM, Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
343.95
=
120 v 2 = 343.95 m/s TC TF  32
=
ˆmjwmqvGm cÉKvwkZ
5 9 Zvcgvòv, TC = 25C
= 2.866 m (Ans.) KÁ·vâ, f = 120 Hz
9
TF  32 = TC dvGibnvBGU cÉKvwkZ
N 40C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v3 nGj, 5
 TF = 1.8TC + 32 Zvcgvòv, TF = ?
v3 T3 ‰LvGb,
= = 1.8  25 + 32
v1 T1 0C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, = 77F (Ans.)
T3 v1 = 332 m/s
 v3 = v1 1
T1
Zvcgvòv, T1 = 0C N DóxcGK 22 wU ZiGãi Š`NÆÅ 50 cm.

313 = (0 + 273) K
= 332  2.5 = 50 cm
273 50
= 273 K ev,  = 2.5 = 20 cm
= 355.49 m/s
Zvcgvòv, T3 = 40C
= (40 + 273) K
ZiãwUi KÁ·vâ f nGj,
= 313 K f =
v ‰LvGb,
 ZiãGeM, v = 350 m/s
‰Lb, A KZ‡ÆK Drc®² kõ B t1 mgq ci cÉ^gevi I t2 mgq ci 350
= = 1750 Hz Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  = 20 cm = 0.2 m
w«¼Zxqevi ÷bGj, t2  t1 mgq ci cÉwZa»wb ÷bGe 0.2
t2  t1 mgGq kõ 2  BR `ƒiZ½ (BR = 23  5 = 18 m) AwZKÌg KiGe| cvwbGZ Ziã Š`NÆÅ,
vw
2  BR w =
 t2  t1 = f
V3
1414
2  18 = = 0.8423 m
= = 0.1013 1750
355.49
‰es ˆjvnvq Ziã Š`NÆÅ,
hv kÉeYvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj 0.1s AGcÞv êwk| dGj B eÅwÚ vi
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe| i =
f
5130 2d ‰LvGb,
= = 2.9314 m t=
1750 v3
Drm I cÉwZdjGKi
 w  i 2  20
= `ƒiZ½, d = 20 m
AZ‰e, DóxcGKi mgvb KÁ·vâwewkÓ¡ Ziã cvwb I ˆjvnvq mgvb 349.77
Ziã‹`NÆÅwewkÓ¡ nGe bv| = 0.1144 m/s kGõi êM, v3 = 349.77 ms-1
hv kÉeYvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj 0.1s AGcÞv êwk| dGj 30C
cÉk² 103 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3 ZvcgvòvqI cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe|
Drm I cÉwZdjK c†GÓ¤i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ 20m. H mgq evqyi Zvcgvòv cÉk² 104 ewikvj êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5
20C|
evqyi Zvcgvòv 30C
K. kGõZi Ziã KvGK eGj? 1
L. kGõi êM evqyi Av`ËÆZvi Ici wbfÆikxj ˆKb? eÅvLÅv 15 m
KGiv| 2 cÉwZdjK
M. kõwU Drm nGZ cÉwZdjK c†GÓ¤ ˆcuŒQvGbvi mgq wbYÆq A eÅwÚ
KGiv| 3
A eÅwÚ 20 cm Ziã‹`GNÆÅi kõ Drc®² KGiB
N. 30C Zvcgvòvq cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe wK bv MvwYwZK hywÚ 20 ms1 êGM cÉwZdjGKi DGÎŸvw`GK ˆ`ŒovGZ
«¼viv ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 ÷i‚ KiGjv|
K. kGõi ZxeËZv KvGK eGj? 1
K ˆh kGõi KÁ·vâ 20Hz ‰i ˆPGq Kg ZvGK kGõZi Ziã eGj| L. AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi KYvàGjv chÆvqe†î MwZmÁ·®² eÅvLÅv
L evqyGZ kGõi êM evqyi NbGZ½i Ici wbfÆi KGi| evqyi NbZ½ KGiv| 2
evoGj kGõi êM nËvm cvq ‰es KgGj êM e†w«¬ cvq| evqyGZ Av`ËÆZvi M. kõ ZiGãi chÆvqKvj KZ? 3
cwieZÆb NUGj evqyi NbZ½ cwiewZÆZ nGe, dGj evqyGZ kGõi êMI N. A eÅwÚ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe wKbv? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi
cwiewZÆZ nq| ‰KviGY kGõi êM evqyi Av`ËÆZvi Ici wbfÆikxj| gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4
M 20C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v2 nGj, 104 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
v2 T2 ‰LvGb, K kõ mçvjGbi AwfgyGL jÁ¼fvGe ivLv ‰KK ˆÞòdGji

=
v1 T1
0C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, gaÅw`Gq cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ ˆh cwigvY kõ kwÚ cÉevwnZ nq ZvB nGjv
T2 v = 332 m/s kGõi cÉvejÅ ev ZxeËZv|
 v2 = v1 1
T1
Zvcgvòv, T1 = 0C L ˆh Ziã KÁ·Gbi w`GKi mvG^ jÁ¼fvGe AMÉmi nq ZvGK AbycÉÕ©
=
293
 332 = (0 + 273) K Ziã eGj| Ziã mçvjGbi mgq gvaÅGgi KYvàGjv mvgÅveÕ©vGbi
273
= 273 K mvGcGÞ Õ·w±`Z nGZ ^vGK ‰es wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cici mvgÅveÕ©vb
= 343.95 m/s AwZKÌg KGi| ˆh eÕ§ Zvi MwZcGî ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq
Zvcgvòv, T2 = 20C
= (20 + 273) K
cici AwZKÌg KGi Zvi MwZGK chÆvqe†î MwZ eGj|
= 293 K
‰ KviGY ejv hvq AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi KYvàGjv chÆvqe†î MwZmÁ·®²|
kõwU Drm nGZ cÉwZdjK c†GÓ¤ ˆcuŒQvGZ mgq, t nGj, M 30C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v2 nGj,

v2 T2 ‰LvGb,
d ‰LvGb, =
t=
v2 v1 T1 0C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM,
Drm I cÉwZdjK T2 v1 = 332 m/s
20  v2 = v1
=
343.95 c†GÓ¤i `ƒiZ½, d = 20 m T1 Zvcgvòv, T1 = 0C
303 = (0 + 273) K
= 0.058 s (Ans.) kGõi êM, v2 = 343.95 ms-1 = 332
273 = 273 K
N 30C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v3 nGj, = 349.77 m/s Zvcgvòv, T2 = 30C
v3 T3 ‰LvGb, = (30 + 273) K
= = 303 K
v1 T1
0C Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, kõ ZiãwUi chÆvqKvj, T nGj,
T3
 v3 = v1
T1
v1 = 332 m/s
T=
1 ‰LvGb,
Zvcgvòv, T1 = 0C f kGõi êM, v2 = 349.77 m/s
303 1
= 332
273
= (0 + 273) K =
v2
Ziã Š`NÆÅ,  = 20 cm
= 273 K = 0.2m
= 349.77 m/s 
Zvcgvòv, T3 = 30C 
=
= (30 + 273) K v2
= 303 K 0.2
=
349.77
kõwU cÉwZdwjZ nGq wdGi AvmGZ t mgq jvMGj, = 5.718  104 s (Ans.)
N
 M
 cvnvo
s2 cÉwZdjK
B A iwb Rwb
s1 = 15 m C
A B
1m d
gGb Kwi, eÅwÚwU kõ KGiB cÉwZdjGKi DGÎŸvw`GK ˆ`ŒovGbv ÷i‚
Kivi t mgq ci cÉwZdwjZ kõ B we±`yGZ H eÅwÚi KvGb ˆcuŒQvq| gGb Kwi, A, B I C h^vKÌGg iwb, Rwb I cvnvGoi AeÕ©vb|
‰Lb, eÅwÚwUi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s2 nGj, ‰LvGb, AB = 1 m|
 s2 = vPt, ‰LvGb, vP = eÅwÚwUi êM
gGb Kwi, BC = d.
Avevi, kõ KZ‡ÆK AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, s nGj, iwbi cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi mgq, t = 0.1005 sec
s = 2s1 + s2 = v2t ‰LvGb, B AeÕ©vGb Rwb kõ Drc®² Kivi mvG^ mvG^ iwb kõ ÷bGZ cvGi
ev, 2s1 + vPt = v2t ‘M’ nGZ kGõi êM, bv| gGb Kwi, t1 mgq cGi iwb kõ ÷bGZ cvq|
ev, (v2  vP)t = 2s1 v2 = 349.77 m/s
Avgiv Rvwb, T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM,
2s1
 t= v0 = 332 m/s
v2  vP
 T = 25C ev, (25 + 273) K ev, 298 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi
2  15
= T 298
349.77  20 êM, v = v0 T2 = 332  273 = 346.9 m/s
1
= 0.09097 s
AB
hv kÉeYvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj 0.1s AGcÞv Kg, dGj A eÅwÚwU DÚ  t1 =
v
sec
kGõi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe bv| Avevi, kõ Drc®² nevi ci Zv BC cG^ wMGq cvnvGo avØv ˆLGq
cÉk² 105 mKj êvWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 4 cÉwZdjGbi ci CA cG^ wdGi ‰Gj iwb cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvq|
iwb I Rwb `yB e®¬y ‰Kw`b ‰KwU cvnvGoi mvgGb ùvwoGqwQj|  kõ Drc®² nIqv I iwbi cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq eÅeavb,
BC + CA
Rwb Zvi nvGZ ^vKv e±`yK nGZ DcGii w`GK àwj QyoGjv| Rwb DÚ t2 =
v
kGõi cÉwZa»wb bv ÷bGjI 1m ˆcQGb ^vKv iwb 0.1005 scc ci BC + CB + BA
t2 =
cÉwZa»wb ÷GbwQj| H w`b evZvGmi Zvcgvòv wQj 25C| v
K. weÕ¦vi KvGK eGj? 1 BC + CB + BA
=
v
L. kxZKvj AGcÞv elÆvKvGj kõ `Ë‚Z ÷bv hvq ˆKb? 2 2BC + BA
M. iwb I cvnvGoi gaÅeZxÆ `ƒiZ½ KZ? 3 =
v
N. H mgq Zvcgvòv mGeÆvœP KZ nGj Rwb cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ =
2d + BA
ˆcZ? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| (msGkvwaZ) 4 v
we: `Ë: gƒj cÉGk² Rwbi cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ bƒÅbZg Zvcgvòv wbYÆq  iwbi RbÅ gƒj kõ I cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq eÅeavb,
t2  t1
KiGZ ejv nGqwQGjv| wK¯§ evÕ¦eZv nGjv, cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ t =
v
kGõi êM Z^v Zvcgvòvi ˆKvGbv wbÁ²mxgv ˆbB, ˆKbbv Zvcgvòvi 2d + BA  AB
e†w«¬i mvG^ kGõi êMI e†w«¬ cvq| Avi kGõi êM e†w«¬ ˆcGj =
v
gƒj kõ I cÉwZdwjZ kõ ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq eÅeavb KGg hvq, =
2d
v
ZvB kGõi êGMi ‰KwU mGeÆvœP gvGbi ci ‰B mgq 0.1s ‰i ˆPGq
Kg nq ‰es cÉwZa»wb kÉeYGhvMÅ nq bv| cÞv¯¦Gi Zvcgvòv KgGj Avevi, Rwbi RbÅ gƒj kõ I cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅKvi mgq eÅeavb
2BC 2d
ˆhGnZz kGõi êMI nËvm nq, ZLb ZvB mgq eÅeavb evoGZ ^vGK| =
v
=
v
= t
dGj gƒj kõ ˆ^GK cÉwZa»wbGK AviI Õ·Ó¡fvGe Avjv`v Kiv hvq|  iwb I Rwb DfqB ‰KB mgGqi eÅeavGb cÉwZa»wb ÷bGe| Rwb
ZvB cÉk²wUi msGkvab Kiv nGqGQ| bv ÷bGj iwbI ÷bGe bv|
105 bs cÉGk²i Dîi  2d = vt
vt
K mvgÅveÕ©vb ˆ^GK ˆhGKvGbv ‰Kw`GK ZiãwÕ©Z ˆKvGbv KYvi
 d=
2
meÆvwaK miYGK weÕ¦vi eGj| 347  0.1005
=
L kxZKvj AGcÞv elÆvKvGj Zvcgvòv mvaviYZ êwk ^vGK| Avi 2
= 17.43675 m
Zvcgvòv evoGj V  T mƒòvbymvGi evqyGZ kGõi MwZGeM êGo  iwb I cvnvGoi gaÅeZÆx
`ƒiZ½ = (17.43675 + 1) m
hvq| ZvQvov kxZKvj AGcÞv elÆvKvGj evqyi Av`ËÆZvI êwk ^vGK| = 18.43675 m (Ans.)
Av`ËÆZv evoGjI evqyi kGõi êM êGo hvq| dGj kxZKvj AGcÞv
N ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, Rwb I cvnvGoi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d =
elÆvKvGj evqyi kGõi êM êwk ^vGK| ‰KviGY kxZKvj AGcÞv 17.43675 m
elÆvKvGj kõ `Ë‚Z ˆkvbv hvq| cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi bƒÅbZg mgq eÅeavb, t = 0.1 s
 Rwb I iwbi cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ kGõi mGeÆvœP êM v nGj, 2d 2  35
ev, t = v = 343
d = vt/2
2d  t = 0.204s > 0.1 s
ev, v = t
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq kõvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj AGcÞv
T 2d
ev, v0 T = t êwk nIqvq Kzqvi gyGL kõ KiGj cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe|
0
T 2d 2
0 ( )
ev, T = v t
0 P gvaÅGg `ywU wf®² Drm nGZ m†Ó¡ kõ«¼Gqi KÁ·vâ 340 Hz ‰es 400
2d 2 2  17.436 Hz ‰es ‰Gì Ziã‹`GNÆÅi cv^ÆKÅ 0.165 m| Aci ‰KwU gvaÅg Q
 T = T0 ( )
v0t
= 273  
 332  0.1  ˆZ kGõi êM 400 m/s|
= 301.2 k
K. Õ·kÆ ej KvGK eGj? 1
= 28.2 C
AZ‰e, mGeÆvœP 28.2C Zvcgvòv chÆ¯¦ Rwb I iwb cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ L. kGõi êGMi mvG^ gvaÅGgi cÉK‡wZi mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
cvGe| M. P gvaÅGg kGõi êM wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. gvaÅg«¼Gq ‰KB kGõi Ziã‹`GNÆÅi cv^ÆKÅ 0.1 m nGj
cÉk² 106 XvKv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2 ZiãwU 80 evi KÁ·Gb Q gvaÅg 124 m ˆhGZ cviGe wKbv
‰KwU Kzqvi MfxiZv 3500 cm, evqyi Zvcgvòv 65F, DÚ MvwYwZK weGkÏlYcƒeÆK gZvgZ `vI| 4
Zvcgvòvq evZvGm kGõi êM 343 m s1. 107 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AaÅvq 6 I 7 ‰i mg®¼Gq
K ˆh ej cÉGqvGMi RbÅ `yBwU eÕ§i cÉZÅÞ msÕ·GkÆi cÉGqvRb nq

K. ZiãGeM Kx? 1
ZvGK Õ·kÆ ej eGj|
L. KÁ·vsK I chÆvqKvGji gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ Õ©vcb Ki| 2
M. ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj DÚ Õ©vGbi Zvcgvòv wbYÆq Ki| 3 L wewf®² gvaÅGg kGõi êM wewf®²| evqy, cvwb ‰es ˆjvnvGZ
N. Kzqvi gyGL kõ KiGj cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe wK? MvwYwZKfvGe kGõi êM wf®² wf®²| 20C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM 344 m/s,
weGkÏlY Ki| 4 cvwbGZ 1450 m/s Avi ˆjvnvGZ 5130 m s1| mvaviYfvGe ejv hvq
106 bs cÉGk²i Dîi MÅvmxq c`vG^Æ kGõi êM Kg, ZiGj Zvi ˆPGq êwk Avi KwVb
c`vG^Æ meGPGq êwk|
K Ziã ‰K ˆmGKG´£ ˆh `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi ZvGK ZiãGeM

eGj| M DóxcK nGZ cvB, 1g kGõi KÁ·vsK, f1 = 340 Hz
2q kGõi KÁ·vsK, f2 = 400 Hz
L ˆKvGbv Õ·±`bkxj eÕ§i ‰KwU cƒYÆ Õ·±`b mÁ·®² KiGZ ˆh mgq
awi, 1g kGõi Ziã‹`NÆÅ = 1
jvGM ZvGK chÆvqKvj eGj Avi ‰K ˆmGKG´£ ˆh KqwU cƒYÆ Õ·±`b
2q kGõi Ziã‹`NÆÅ = 2
mÁ·®² KGi ZvGK KÁ·vâ eGj| ˆKvGbv Õ·±`bkxj eÕ§i chÆvqKvj
P gvaÅGg kGõi êM, v = ?
T nGj,
ˆhGnZz, f2 > f1 ˆmGnZz 1 > 2
T ˆmGKG´£ Õ·±`Gbi msLÅv = 1 wU     = 0.165 1 2
1
 1 ˆmGKG´£ Õ·±`Gbi msLÅv = T wU v v
ev, f  f = 0.165
1 2
1 ˆmGKG´£i ‰B Õ·±`b msLÅvB KÁ·vsK| f f
1 ev, v 2f f 1 = 0.165
myZivs KÁ·vsK, f=
T
1 2
0.165 f f 0.165  340  400
ev, v = f  f1 2 =
M DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 2 1 400  340
dvGibnvBU ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv, TF = 65F = 374 m s1 (Ans.)
ˆmjwmqvm ˆÕ•Gj Zvcgvòv, TC = ? N DóxcK nGZ cvB,

Avgiv Rvwb, Q gvaÅGg kGõi êM, vQ = 400 m s1
TC TF  32
=
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, P gvaÅGg kGõi êM, vP = 374 m s1
5 9 awi, P gvaÅGg Ziã‹`NÆÅ = P ‰es
ev, 9TC = 5TF  160 Q gvaÅGg Ziã‹`NÆÅ = Q
5  65  160
ev, TC = KÁ·vsK = f
9
= 18.33C (Ans.)
ˆhGnZz vQ > vP ˆmGnZz Q > P
 Q  P = 0.1
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 v v
ev, Qf  fP = 0.1
Kzqvi MfxiZv, d = 3500 cm = 35 m
evZvGm kGõi êM, v = 343 m s1 ev, 0.1 f = vQ  vP
awi, cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq = t 400  374
ev, f = 0.1 = 260 Hz
Avgiv Rvwb,
vt Avgiv Rvwb,
d= vQ = f Q
2
v
ev, Q = Qf = 260
400 Avi Ziã‹`NÆÅ wewf®² nq gvaÅGgi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv aGgÆi wewf®²Zvi
ì‚Y| mvaviYfvGe MÅvmxq c`vG^Æi Zzjbvq ZiGj, ZiGji Zzjbvq
= 1.538 m
KwVb c`vG^Æi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv I Ziã‹`NÆÅ êwk gvGbi|
 kõ Q gvaÅGg 1 evi KÁ·Gb AwZKÌg KGi = 1.538 m
 80 evi KÁ·Gb AwZKÌg KGi = 80  1.538 m cÉk² 109 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
= 123 m mgZj c†GÓ¤i Dci AewÕ©Z `ywU 10 Zjv feGbi gvGS f„-c†GÓ¤i
AZ‰e ZiãwU 80 evi KÁ·Gb Q gvaÅGg 124 m ˆhGZ cviGe bv| Dci ùvwoGq ‰K eÅwÚ e±`yK ˆ^GK àwj Quyoj| ˆm 2 s cGi cÉ^g
ZiãwU 80 evi KÁ·Gb Q gvaÅGg 123 m ˆhGZ cviGe| cÉwZa»wb ‰es 2.15 s cGi w«¼Zxq cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ ˆcj| H mgGq
cÉk² 108 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5 evqyi Zvcgvòv wQj 35C|
‰KwU DrGmi m†Ó¡ kõ ZiGãi KÁ·vâ 86 Hz| Dnv cvwbGZ I K. weÕ¦vi KvGK eGj? 1
evqyGZ wf®² êGMi m†wÓ¡ KGi| cvwbGZ êM 1450 m s ‰es evqyGZ
1 L. kGõi ZxeË Z v 40 W m2
ejGZ Kx ey Svq? 2
Bnvi KÁ·Gbi wPò wbÁ²i…c M. feb `yBwUi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. DóxcK AbymvGi eÅwÚwU 2q cÉwZa»wb ÷bvi KZ mgq cGi
Z‡Zxq cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cviGe?MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki|4
6m K Ziã m†wÓ¡ nGj gvaÅGgi KYvàGjv mvgÅveÕ©vGbi `yB cvGk
K. `kv KvGK eGj? 1 KwÁ·Z nq| mvgÅveÕ©vb ˆ^GK ˆhGKvGbv ‰Kw`GK ZiãwÕ©Z
L. kGõi ZxeËZv 25 W m2 ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2 ˆKvGbv KYvi meÆvwaK miYGK weÕ¦vi eGj|
M. cvwbGZ DwÍÏwLZ ZiGãi chÆvqKvj wbYÆq Ki| 3
L kõ cÉevGni w`GKi mvG^ jÁ¼ 1 m2 ˆÞòdGji gaÅw`Gq cÉwZ
N. DwÍÏwLZ gvaÅg«¼Gq DÚ kõ ZiGãi êM wf®² nevi KviY
ˆmGKG´£ 40 J kõ kwÚ cÉevwnZ nGj m†Ó¡ kGõi ZxeËZv nGœQ 40 W m2
MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
108bs cÉGk²i Dîi M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
cÉ^g cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq, t1 = 2 s
K ˆKvGbv ‰KwU ZiãvwqZ KYvi ˆhGKvGbv gyüGZÆi MwZi mvgwMÉK

AeÕ©v cÉKvkK ivwkGK Zvi `kv eGj| w«¼Zxq cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq, t2 = 2.5 s
awi, eÅwÚ nGZ cÉ^g I w«¼Zxq feGbi `ƒiZ½ h^vKÌGg d1 I d2
L kGõi ZxeËZv 25 W m2 ejGZ êvSvq, kõ mçvjGbi AwfgyGLi 35C Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM,
mvG^ jÁ¼fvGe 1 m2 ˆÞòdGji gaÅw`Gq cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 25 J kõ 23 + 35
kwÚ cÉevwnZ nq| v = 330  = 350.5 ms-1
273
M DóxcK nGZ cvB, KÁ·vsK f = 86 Hz
 Avgiv Rvwb,
chÆvqKvj, T = ? 2d1 = vt1
vt 350.5  2
1 1
Avgiv Rvwb, T = = = 0.01162 s (Ans.) ev, d1 = 21 = 2
= 350.5m
f 86
Avevi, 2d2 = vt2
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, KÁ·vâ, f = 86 Hz vt 350.5  2.15
cvwbGZ kGõi êM, vw = 1450 m s1 ev, d2 = 22 = 2
awi, cvwbGZ Ziã‹`NÆÅ = w = 376.7875m
evqyGZ Ziã‹`NÆÅ = a  feb `ywUi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = d1 + d2
evqyGZ kGõi êM = va = 350.5 + 376.875
= 727.2875m (Ans.)
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰KwU msGKvPb I ‰KwU cÉmviY wbGq ‰KwU
Ziã‹`NÆÅ MwVZ nq| DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ wPGò `yBwU cÉmviY I
‰KwU msGKvPb ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ|
a N

 a + =6 d2 d1
2
 A
ev, 3 2a = 6
C (2q cvnvo)
feb B (1g cvnvo)
feb
 a = 4 m
Avgiv Rvwb, va = f a = 86 Hz  4 m = 344 m s1 awi, feb«¼Gqi gGaÅ eÅwÚi AeÕ©vb A
A nGZ cÉ^g feGbi `ƒiZ½, d1 = AB
Avevi, vw = f w
v 1450 m s 1 A nGZ w«¼Zxq feGbi `yiZ½, d2 = AC
ev, w = fw = 86 Hz = 16.86 m ˆhLvGb, d1 < d2
MvwYwZK weGkÏlY ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, w > a ‰es vw > va DóxcK gGZ, e±`yK ˆ^GK àwj ˆQvovi ci kõ A nGZ 1g feGb
AZ‰e, Ziã Š`GNÆÅi wf®²Zvi KviGY kõ ZiGãi êM wf®² cÉwZdwjZ nGq cybivq A ˆZ AvmGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq,
nGqGQ| t1 = 2 s.
Avevi, DÚ kõ 2q feGb cÉwZdwjZ nGq AvmGj Avgiv Z‡Zxq vt 350 m s1  0.1 s
d= = = 17.5 m
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cve| myZivs DÚ kõ A nGZ 2q feGb cÉwZdwjZ 2 2
nGq AvmGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq, cvnvo ˆ^GK Zvi cÉv^wgK `ƒiZ½ wQj 26.25 m| AZ‰e, cjvk
t2 = 2.15 s. KÌgvMZ kõ KiGZ KiGZ cvnvGoi w`GK ‰wMGq ˆhGZ ^vKGj Zvi
myZivs Z‡Zxq cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq, cÉv^wgK AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK mGeÆvœP 26.25 m – 17.5 m = 8.75 m `ƒiZ½
t = t1 + t2 = 2 s + 2.15 s = 4.15 s AwZKÌg Kiv chÆ¯¦ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe| 8.75 m ˆ^GK êwk `ƒiZ½
A^Ævr, 4.15 s ci Z‡Zxq cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe| AwZKÌg KiGj ˆm Avi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe bv|
 w«¼Zxq I Z‡Zxq cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq eÅeavb = t  t2 cÉk² 111 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6
= (4.15  2.15)s = 2s
 ˆm w«¼Zxq cÉwZa»wb ÷bvi 2s ci Z‡ZxqwU ÷bGe|
cÉwZdjK
Zvcgvòv 30C
cÉk² 110 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3
M
cjvk ‰KwU cvnvGoi mvgGb ùvwoGq kõ Kij ‰es 0.15 s ci 60 m T dm R
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ ˆcj| H Õ©vGbi evqyi Zvcgvòv 30C| M AeÕ©vGb cÉwZa»wb ÷bvi mgq 0.5 ˆmGK´£.
K. Ziã Kx? 1 K. cÉwZa»wb Kx? 1
L. mKj cÉwZdwjZ kõ ˆkvbv hvq bv ˆKb? 2 L. w`Gbi êjv AGcÞv ivGZi êjvq kGõi êM êwk ^vGK
M. cjvGki wbKU ˆ^GK cvnvGoi `ƒiZ½ KZ? 3 ˆKb? 2
N. cjvk KÌgvMZ kõ KiGZ KiGZ cvnvGoi w`GK ‰wMGq M. M AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK R cÉwZdjGKi `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
ˆhGZ ^vKGj mGeÆvœP KZ `ƒiZ½ chÆ¯¦ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe? N. T AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK kõ KiGj cÉwZa»wb ÷bv hvGe wK? ˆMGj
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
KZ ˆmGK´£ ci ÷bv hvGe? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGY ˆZvgvi
gZvgZ `vI| 4
K ˆh chÆve†î AvG±`vjb ˆKvGbv Ro gvaÅGgi ‰KÕ©vb ˆ^GK 111 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AbÅÕ©vGb kwÚ mçvwjZ KGi wK¯§ gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvGK Õ©vqxfvGe  K hLb ˆKvGbv kõ gƒj kõ nGZ Avjv`v nGq gƒj kGõi cybive†wî
Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ KGi bv ZvB Ziã| KGi, ZLb H cÉwZdwjZ kõGK cÉwZa»wb eGj|
L mKj cÉwZdwjZ kõ ˆkvbv hvq bv KviY cÉwZdwjZ kõ ÷bGZ  L w`Gbi êjv AGcÞv ivGZi êjvq kGõi êM êwk ^vGK K^vUv
nGj gƒj kõ I cÉwZdwjZ kõ ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgGqi cv^ÆKÅ A¯¦Z wVK bq| kGõi êM wbfÆi KGi Zvcgvòvi Dci| w`b AGcÞv ivGZ
0.1 ˆmGK´£ nIqv cÉGqvRb| 0.1 ˆmGKG´£i Kg nGj cÉwZdwjZ
Zvcgvòv êwk bq eis Kg ^vGK dGj kGõi êM Kg nGe| ZGe
kõGK gƒj kõ ˆ^GK Avjv`v Kiv hvq bv| ZvB ˆh mKj ˆÞGò ivGZ ˆKvjvnj bv ^vKvq kõ AGbK `ƒi chÆ¯¦ ˆkvbv hvq|
cÉwZdwjZ kõ 0.1 ˆmGKG´£i AvGM wdGi AvGm ˆm mKj ˆÞGò
cÉwZdwjZ kõ ˆkvbv hvq bv| M 9(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 87.5 m

M Avgiv Rvwb, T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v0 N wPòvbymvGi MT = 60 m
= 332 m/s myZivs TR = d = (87.5  60) = 27.5 m
 T = 30 C ev (30 + 273) K ev, 303 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM T AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK Drc®² kõ cÉwZdjK R ˆ^GK cÉwZdwjZ nGq
v nGj, v  T mƒòvbymvGi, cybivq T AeÕ©vGb wdGi AvmGZ t mgq eÅq nGj, Avgiv cvB,
v T 2d
v=
= t
v0 T0
2d 2  27.5 m
T 303 t= = = 0.157 s > 0.1s
 v = v0 = 332  = 349.8 m/s  350 m/s v 350 m s1
T0 273
ˆhGnZz cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi mgq eÅeavb, 0.1 s AGcÞv eo ZvB
Avevi, cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq eÅeavb, t = 0.15 s cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe|
cvnvGoi `ƒiZ½, d = ? myZivs, T AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK kõ KiGj cÉwZa»wb 0.157 s ˆmGK´£ ci
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆkvbv hvGe|
vt 350 m s1  0.15 s cÉk² 112 ewikvj êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
d= = = 26.25 m (Ans.)
2 2
wbw`ÆÓ¡ Drm nGZ m†Ó¡ kGõi evqyGZ Ziã
N cjvk KÌgvMZ kõ KiGZ KiGZ cvnvGoi w`GK ‰wMGq ˆhGZ
50 cm
^vKGj cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ Drm I cÉwZdjGKi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½
A¯¦ZcGÞ ‰gb nGZ nGe ˆhb cÉwZdwjZ kõ 0.1 ˆmGKG´£i AvGM
wdGi AvmGZ cvGi| KviY ˆKvGbv kõ ˆkvbvi ci cÉvq 0.1 ˆmGK´£
chÆ¯¦ ‰i îk AvgvGì gwÕ¦GÓ• ^vGK|
30C Zvcgvòvq evZvGm kGõi êM, v = 350 m s1 [’M’ AsGk wbYÆxZ] msGKvPb cÉmviY
kõvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj, t = 0.1 s evqyGZ kGõi êM 347ms1
bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½, d = ? cvwbGZ kGõi êM 1474.75ms1
Avgiv Rvwb, cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½, K. weÕ¦vi KvGK eGj? 1
L. NgÆvÚ AeÕ©vq Pj¯¦ dÅvGbi wbGP emGj Vvív jvGM ˆKb? 113 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 K cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ hZàGjv cƒYÆ Ziã m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK ZiGãi

M. evqyi Zvcgvòv wbYÆq Ki| 3 KÁ·vâ eGj|
N. evqyi Zzjbvq cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ kGõi Ziã‹`GNÆÅi Kxi…c
cwieZÆb nGe MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 L gvbyGli Mjvi Õ¼ihG¯¨ `y’Ûv c`Æv AvGQ, hv Õ¼iZ¯¨x ev ˆfvKvj
112 bs cÉGk²i Dîi KWÆ bvGg cwiwPZ| ‰B ˆfvKvj KGWÆi KÁ·Gbi dGj Mjv ˆ^GK kõ
wbMÆZ nq ‰es gvbyl K^v eGj| eqÕ• cyi‚lGì ˆfvKvj KWÆ eqGmi
K mvgÅveÕ©vb ˆ^GK ˆhGKvGbv ‰Kw`GK ZiãwÕ©Z ˆKvGbv KYvi mGã mGã `†p nGq cGo| wK¯§ bvix I wk÷i ˆfvKvj KWÆ `†p ^vGK
meÆvwaK miYGK weÕ¦vi eGj|
bv, dGj eqÕ• cyi‚lGì Mjvi Õ¼Gii KÁ·vâ Kg ‰es bvix I
L Avgiv Rvwb, cvwb memgq evÓ·vqxZ nGZ ^vGK| ‰ evÓ·vqb wk÷Gì Õ¼Gii KÁ·vâ êwk nq| ZvB cyi‚lGì Mjvi Õ¼i ˆgvUv
wbfÆi KGi ‰i Avk cvGk DcwÕ©Z Rjxq evGÓ·i Dci| Rjxq evÓ· wK¯§ bvix I wk÷i K¥¤Õ¼i Zxß|
êwk nGj evÓ·vqb axGi nq| AvgvGì NgÆvÚ ˆ`n ˆ^GK evÓ·vqGbi
M DóxcK nGZ cvB,
dGj ‰i PvicvGk Rjxq evGÓ·i cwigvY êwk ^vGK| cvLvi evZvm
îwWI ZiGãi KÁ·vâ,  = 350 kHz = 350  103 Hz
‰ Rjxq evÓ·GK mwiGq ˆ`q dGj evÓ·vqb `Ë‚Z nq| Avgiv AvGiv
Rvwb, evÓ·vqGbi mgq myµ¦ ZvGci cÉGqvRb| Nvg evÓ·vqvGbi mgq îwWI Ziã êM, v = 3  10 ms
8 1
kixi ˆ^GK Zvc MÉnY KGi dGj Vvív Abyf„Z nq| îwWI Ziã Š`NÆÅ,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
M Avgiv Rvwb, T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi v = 
êM, v 3  108
v0 = 332 m/s ev,  =  = 350  103 = 857.14m (Ans.)
wbGYÆq Zvcgvòv T ˆZ evqyGZ kGõi êM, v = 347 m/s
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
v 2 T T v 2
v  T mƒòvbymvGi cvB,
v0 ()
=
T0
ev, T0
=
v0 () cvwbGZ kGõi êM, vw = 1450 ms1
v 2 347 ms1 2 ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, îwWI ZiGãi Ziã‹`NÆÅ,
 T = T0 (v ) = 273 K  332 ms 
0
1  = 857.14m
= 298.2 K  298 K = 25C (Ans.) DóxcK AbymvGi, cvwbGZ Ziã Š`NÆÅ,
1
N wPò ˆ^GK
 w =  ‰i 1% = 857.14  = 8.57m
100
wZbwU msGKvPb I `yBwU cÉmviY ‰i wgwjZ Š`NÆÅ, îwWI ZiGãi KÁ·vâ,  = 350  103Hz
 +  +  = 50 cm cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ ZiGãi KÁ·vâ w nGj,
2
5 vw = ww
ev,  = 50 cm v 1450
2 ev, w = w = 8.57 = 169.17Hz
 Ziã‹`NÆÅ, a = 20 cm = 0.2 m (evqyGZ)  350  103
w
evqyGZ kGõi êM, va = 347 m s1 

w
=
169.17
cvwbGZ kGõi êM, vw = 1474.75 m s1 ev,  = 2068.92  w
Avgiv Rvwb, evqyGZ kGõi êM, va = fa AZ‰e, îwWI ZiãwUi KÁ·vâ cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ ZiãwUi KÁ·vGâi
‰es cvwbGZ kGõi êM, vw = fw 2068.92 àY|
myZivs, vw = w
va a cÉk² 114 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3
v 1474.75 m s1
 w = w  a =  0.2 m = 0.85 m AvwbKvi ˆfvKvj KWÆ (Vocal Chord) ‰i KÁ·vâ 700Hz. ˆm
va 347 m s1
AZ‰e cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ kGõi Ziã‹`NÆÅ 0.85 m hv cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq b`xi wVK gvSLvGb AeÕ©vbiZ ‰KRb gvwSGK WvKj| AvwbKvi
(0.85  0.20) m = 0.65 m êwk| m†Ó¡ kõ b`xi Aci cvGo cÉwZdjGbi ì‚b 1.6 ˆmGK´£ ci AvwbKv
H kGõi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvq| H mgGq kGõi MwZGeM 350m/s
wQj|
ˆKvGbv êZviGK±`Ê wgwWqvg IGqf 350 kHz-‰ cÉwZw`b mKvj `k K. `kv KvGK eGj? 1
NwUKvi mgGq cÍÏxMxwZi AbyÓ¤vb mÁ·ÉPvi KGi| îwWIi ZiãGeM L. cyi‚Gli Mjvi Õ¼i ˆgvUv wK¯§ bvixGì K¥¤Õ¼i Zxß ˆKb?
3108ms1. cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ Aci ‰KwU ZiGãi Ziã‹`NÆÅ îwWI eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
ZiãwUi ‰K kZvsk ‰es cvwbGZ kGõi êM 1450ms1| M. AvwbKvi m†Ó¡ kGõi Ziã Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 3
K. KÁ·vâ KvGK eGj? 1 N. ˆbŒKvi gvwS AvwbKvi DÚ kGõi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGe wK?
L. cyi‚Gli K¥¤Õ¼i ˆgvUv wK¯§ bvix I wk÷i K¥¤Õ¼i Zxß ˆKb? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg g¯¦eÅ Ki| 4
eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 114 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M. îwWI Ziã‹`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. îwWI ZiãwUi KÁ·vâ cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ ZiãwUi KÁ·vGâi  K ˆKvGbv ‰KwU ZiãvwqZ KYvi ˆhGKvGbv gynƒGZÆi MwZi mvgwMÉK
KZàY MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 AeÕ©v cÉKvkK ivwkGK Zvi `kv eGj|
L gvbyGli Mjvi Õ¼ihG¯¨ `y’Ûv c`Æv AvGQ, ‰GìGK eGj Õ¼iZ¯¨x ev 30C ev, 303 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM,
ˆfvKvj KWÆ| ‰B ˆfvKvj KGWÆi KÁ·Gbi dGj Mjv ˆ^GK kõ T 303
v = v0  = 332  = 349.8 m/s  350 m/s
wbMÆZ nq ‰es gvbyl K^v eGj| cÉvµ¦ eqÕ• cyi‚lGì ˆfvKvj KWÆ  T0 273
eqGmi mGã mGã `†p nGq cGo| wK¯§ bvix I wk÷i ˆfvKvj KWÆ Avgiv Rvwb,
`†p ^vGK bv| dGj cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyi‚lGì Mjvi Õ¼Gii KÁ·vâ Kg 2d1 = vt1
vt 350  1.5
‰es bvix I wk÷Gì Õ¼Gii KÁ·vâ êwk nq| ZvB cyi‚lGì Mjvi ev, d1 = 21 = 2
= 262.5 m
Õ¼i ˆgvUv wK¯§ bvix I wk÷i K¥¤Õ¼i Zxß| Avevi, 2d2 = vt2
M
 vt 350  2
ev, d2 = 22 = 2
Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB,
= 350m
v =  KÁ·vâ,  = 700Hz
v 350 kGõi MwZGeM, v = 350m/s  cvnvo `ywUi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = d1 + d2
ev,  =  = 700 = 262.5 + 350
Ziã Š`NÆÅ,  = ? = 612.5m (Ans.)
= 0.5m (Ans.)
N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
 N

kGõi êM, v = 350m/s
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ AvwbKvi mgq, t = 1.6s d1
b`xi cÉÕ© h nGj, d2
A
2h = vt
vt 350  1.6
ev, h = 2 = 2
= 280m awi, cvnvo«¼Gqi gvGS eÅwÚi AeÕ©vb A
h 280 A nGZ cÉ^g cvnvGoi `ƒiZ½, d1 = 262.5m
cÉwZdjK nGZ gvwSi `ƒiZ½, d = 2 = 2 = 140m| ˆbŒKvi gvwSGK
A nGZ w«¼Zxq cvnvGoi `ƒiZ½, d2 = 350m
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj kõGK 2d `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ nGe| ‰ `ƒiZ½‰LvGb, d1 < d2
AwZKÌg KiGZ t1 mgq jvMGj, kõ A nGZ 1g cvnvGo cÉwZdwjZ nGq cybivq A ˆZ AvmGZ mgq
2d
t1 = jvGM, t1 = 1.5s
v
2  140
kõ A nGZ 2q cvnvGo cÉwZdwjZ nGq cybivq A ˆZ wdGi AvmGZ
ev, t1 = 350 mgq jvGM, t2 = 2s
= 0.8 s >> 0.1 s cÉ^g cvnvGo cÉwZdwjZ kõ w«¼Zxq cvnvGo cÉwZdwjZ nGq AvmGj
Avgiv Rvwb, cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ gƒj kõ I cÉwZdwjZ kGõi H eÅwÚ Z‡Zxq cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe|
gaÅKvi mgq eÅeavb 0.1 s ev Zvi ˆPGq êwk|  3q cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq, t3 = t1 + t2
AZ‰e, t1 > 0.1 s eGj ˆbŒKvi gvwS DÚ kGõi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGe| = (1.5 + 2) s
= 3.5s
cÉk² 115 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 4Avevi, w«¼Zxq cvnvGo cÉwZdwjZ kõ 1g cvnvGo cÉwZdwjZ nGq
`ywU mgv¯¦ivj cvnvGoi gvGS `vwoGq ‰K eÅwÚ e±`yK ˆ^GK àwj AvmGj H eÅwÚ 4^Æ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe|
QuyoGjv| wZwb 1.5s ci cÉ^g cÉwZa»wb ‰es 2s ci w«¼Zxq cÉwZa»wb  4^Æ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cÉGqvRbxq mgq, t4 = t2 + t1
÷bGjb| ˆmw`b evqyi Zvcgvòv wQj 30C. = 2 + 1.5
K. cÉwZa»wb Kx? 1 = 3.5s
L. evqy AGcÞv cvwbGZ kGõi êM êwk ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 Z‡
Z xq I 4^Æ cÉ wZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆ
x mgq eÅeavb, t = t4  t3
= 3.5  3.5
M. cvnvo `ywUi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3 = 0s < 0.1s
N. H eÅwÚ Z‡Zxq I PZz^Æ cÉwZa»wb c†^KfvGe ÷bGZ cvGe AZ‰e, H eÅwÚ Z‡Zxq I PZz^Æ cÉwZa»wb c†^KfvGe ÷bGZ cvGe bv|
wKbv? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
115 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉk² 116 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3
K hLb ˆKvGbv kõ gƒj kõ ˆ^GK Avjv`v nGq gƒj kGõi cybive†wî

 B D
KGi, ZLb H cÉwZdwjZ kõGK cÉwZa»wb eGj| A C
1g Ziã
L ˆKvGbv gvaÅGg kGõi êM H gvaÅGgi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi Ici
wbfÆikxj| ˆh gvaÅGgi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv êwk ˆm gvaÅGg kGõi êM 1g ZiãwUi A ˆ^GK B-GZ ‰es 2q ZiãwUi C ˆ^GK D-ˆZ ˆcuŒQvGZ
êwk| evqy AGcÞv cvwbi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv êwk eGj cvwbGZ kGõi h^vKÌGg 0.05s ‰es 0.08s mgq jvGM| 1g ZiãwUi êM 300m/s|
êM evqyGZ kGõi êM AGcÞv êwk| K. kÉveÅZvi cvÍÏv KvGK eGj? 1
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, L. ‰KwU `xNÆ duvcv ˆjvnvi cvBGci ‰K cÉvG¯¦ kõ KiGj Aci
cÉ^g cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq, t1 = 1.5 s cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK `yBevi ˆkvbv hvq ˆKb? 2
w«¼Zxq cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gaÅeZÆx mgq, t2 = 2 s M. 1g ZiãwUi 10s ‰ AwZKÌ v ¯¦ `ƒ iZ½ wbYÆ q Ki| 3
awi, eÅwÚ nGZ cÉ^g I w«¼Zxq cvnvGoi `ƒiZ½ h^vKÌGg d1 I d2 N. DÚ Ziã«¼Gqi KÁ·vGâi Zzjbv Ki| 4
116 bs cÉGk²i Dîi gm†YZv ‰gb nGZ nGe hvGZ ivÕ¦v cÉGqvRbxq NlÆY eGji ˆhvMvb
K ˆh KÁ·vâ mxgvi gGaÅ gvbyl kõ ÷bGZ cvq ZvGK kÉveÅZvi w`GZ cvGi|

cvÍÏv eGj| gvbyGli kÉveÅZvi cvÍÏv 20 Hz ˆ^GK 20000 Hz| M [we.`Ë. Drm I cÉwZdjGKi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KiGZ nGj mgq
L duvcv cvBGci AfÅ¯¦iÕ© evZvGmi msGKvPb I cÉmviGYi Rvbv cÉGqvRb| mgvavGbi myweavG^Æ cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi mgq 0.2s aiv nj]
gvaÅGg kõ cvBGci Aci cÉvG¯¦ ˆcuŒQvq| evqy gvaÅGgi ˆPGq KwVb Avgiv Rvwb,
gvaÅGg kõ `Ë‚Z PGj eGj ‰iKg nq| cvBGci ‰K cÉvG¯¦ m†Ó¡ kõ T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM,
v = 332 m/s
ˆjvnvi gaÅw`Gq AbÅ cÉvG¯¦ ˆcuŒQvi wKQyÞY ci evqyi gaÅ w`Gq 0
 v  T mƒòvbymvGi T = 30C ev 303 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi
cybivq ˆcuŒGQ| ZvB kõ `yBevi ˆkvbv hvq| T 303
êM, v = v0 T = 332  273 = 349.8 m/s  350 m/s
M 0
Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB, Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,

s = vt 1g ZiãwUi êM, v = 300 m/s 2d
cÉwZa»wb ÷bvi ˆÞGò, v = t kGõi êM, v = 350 m/s
= 300  10 mgq, t = 10 s mgq, t = 0.2 s
= 3000 m (Ans.)
`ƒiZ½, s = ? ev, 2d = vt S I R ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = ?
vt 350  0.2
N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 ev, d = 2 = 2
1g ZiGãi chÆvqKvj, T1 = 0.05 s = 35 m (Ans.)
0.08
2q ZiGãi chÆvqKvj, T2 = 2 = 0.04 s N DóxcK nGZ cvIqv hvq, S ˆ^GK P ‰i `ƒiZ½ = 18 m
1g ZiGãi KÁ·vsK = 1 Avevi, S ‰es R ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ = 35 m
2q ZiGãi KÁ·vsK = 2  P ‰es R ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d1 = (35 – 18)m = 17 m
1 1 ‰LvGb, kGõi êM, v = 350 m/s
Avgiv Rvwb, 1 = T = 0.05 = 20 Hz
1 kõ P AeÕ©vb nGZ R cÉwZdjGK evav ˆcGq Avevi P AeÕ©vGb
1 1 AvmGj kGõi AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, 2d1 = (2  17) m
Avevi, 2 = T = 0.04 = 25 Hz
2 = 34 m
1 20 aiv hvK, Drc®² kõ P AeÕ©vb nGZ R cÉwZdjGK evav ˆcGq
 =
2 25
Avevi P AeÕ©vGb AvmGZ mgq jvGM = t1 s
ev, 1 t 2 = 4 t 5
 Avgiv Rvwb,
AZ‰e, Ziã«¼Gqi KÁ·vsGKi AbycvZ nGe 4 t 5| 2d1
v=
cÉk² 117 wmGjU êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3 t1
2d1 34m
ev, t1 =
v
=
350ms–1
= 0.097s < 0.1s
P R wK¯§ kGõi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj Drc®² kõ cÉwZdjK nGZ evav ˆcGq
S
18m wdGi AvmGZ KgcGÞ 0.1 s mgq eÅq nGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò P AeÕ©vGb
30C
kõ wdGi AvmGZ 0.1 s ‰i Kg mgq jvGM, ˆh mgq chÆ¯¦ cƒGeÆi
K. cÉwZa»wb KvGK eGj? 1 kGõi îk iGq hvq| ZvB P AeÕ©vGb cÉwZa»wb ÷bv hvGe bv|
L. ivÕ¦vi gm†YZvq NlÆGYi f„wgKv eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 cÉk² 118 XvKv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4
M. S ‰es R ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 3
KvRj ‰KwU cvnvo ˆ^GK 17m `ƒGi ùvwoGq ˆRvGi kõ KGiI
N. P AeÕ©vGb cÉwZa»wb ÷bv hvGe wKbv MvwYwZK weGkÏlY KGi
ˆKvGbv cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ ˆcj bv| ˆm AviI wKQyUv wcQGb mGi ‰Gm
gZvgZ `vI| 4
kõ KGi ‰es cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvq| H w`b H Õ©vGb kGõi êM
wQj 350 m/s ‰es kGõi KÁ·vâ wQj 1400 Hz|
K hLb ˆKvGbv kõ gƒj kõ ˆ^GK Avjv`v nGq gƒj kGõi cybive†wî K. KÁ·vâ KvGK eGj? 1
KGi, ZLb H cÉwZdwjZ kõGK cÉwZa»wb eGj| L. ev`yi ivGZ PjGZ Õ¼vœQ±`Å êva KGi ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
L ivÕ¦vq hvbevnb PjvPGji RbÅ Uvqvi ‰es ivÕ¦vi gaÅeZÆx NlÆY M. DÚ kGõi Ziã Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 3
AZÅ¯¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| Avevi, hvbevnGbi Uvqvi ‰es ivÕ¦vi gaÅeZÆx NlÆY N. 1g AeÕ©vGb KvRGji cGÞ cÉwZa»wb bv ˆkvbvi KviY
eGji gvb UvqvGii LuvR I ivÕ¦vi gm†YZvi Ici wbfÆi KGi| ivÕ¦v MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
êwk gm†Y nGj hvbevnb PjvPj mnRZi ‰es Avivg`vqK nq wK¯§ 118 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
NlÆY eGji cwigvY KGg hvq| ivÕ¦v êwk gm†Y nGj bvbv aiGbi  K ˆKvGbv ZiGãi ˆÞGò cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ hZàGjv cƒYÆZiã m†wÓ¡
mgmÅvi m†wÓ¡ nq| ˆhgb ivÕ¦vi gm†YZv êwk ^vKGj êËK «¼viv nq ZvGK ZiGãi KÁ·vâ eGj|
MvwoGK mywbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGb ^vgvGbv mÁ¿e nq bv, ‰i KviY cÉGqvRbxq  L ev`yi ˆPvGL ˆ`LGZ cvq bv, ZvB DœP KÁ·vGâi kõ ŠZwi KGi
cÉwZwKÌqv ej ˆhvMvb w`GZ bv cviv| Avevi, ivÕ¦v êwk gm†Y nGj ‰i cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi gvaÅGg PjvPj KGi| ev`yi ivGZ PjGZ
ivÕ¦v cÉGqvRbxq NlÆY ej ˆhvMvb w`GZ cvGi bv eGj ^vgv AeÕ©v Õ¼vœQ±`Å êva KGi| KviY ivGZi êjv cwiGeGk kGõi cwigvY
nGZ Mvwo mvgGbi w`GK AMÉmi nGZ cvGi bv| AZ‰e, ivÕ¦vi
AZÅ¯¦ Kg ^vGK| w`Gbi êjv gvbem†Ó¡ I AbÅvbÅ kõ êwk ^vGK, Avgiv Rvwb, va = fa
ZvB ‰ mgq ev`yi PjvPj KiGj ev`yi m†Ó¡ kõ I AbÅvbÅ kGõi v 332ms–1
ev, a = fa = 60 Hz = 5.533 m
DcwicvZGbi dGj ev`yGii kGõi eÅwZPvi I weK‡wZ NGU| ZvB
 a= 5.533 m
w`Gbi êjvq AvkcvGki eÕ¦ymgƒGni mwVK AeÕ©vb wbYÆq KiGZ
 evZvGm kõ ZiGãi Š`NÆÅ 5.533 m. (Ans.)
ev`yGii êk mgmÅv nq, ‰ KviGYB ‰wU ivGZi êjv PjvPGj
Õ¼vœQ±`ÅGeva KGi| N “M” bs nGZ cvB,
evZvGm kõ ZiGãi Š`NÆÅ, a = 5.533 m
M

 Kzqvi MfxiZv, h = 5.533 m
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv kõ AvgvGì gwÕ¦GÓ• 0.1s Õ©vqx nq| ZvB
v =  evqyGZ kGõi êM, cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ bƒÅbZg mgq eÅeavb nGZ nGe 0.1s| kõ I
v 350 ms–1 v = 350 m/s
= =
 1400s–1 cÉwZe®¬GKi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ d nGj,
kGõi KÁ·vâ, vt
= 0.25m (Ans.) f = 1400 Hz = 1400s–1 d=
2
kGõi Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  = ? 332  0.1
evZvGmi ˆÞGò, d =
N DóxcK gGZ, evqyGZ kGõi êM, v = 350 m/s 2
= 16.6 m
1g AeÕ©vb nGZ cvnvGoi (kGõi cÉwZdjK) `ƒiZ½, d = 17 m
1452.5  0.1
kõ cÉwZdwjZ nGq KvRGji KvGQ wdGi AvmGZ t cwigvY mgq cvwbi ˆÞGò, d=
2
= 72.62 m
jvMGj, 2d = vt A^Ævr, evZvm I cvwbGZ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj kõ Drm I
2d 2  17m cÉwZe®¬GKi gaÅeZÆx bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ h^vKÌGg 16.6 m I 72.62 m nGZ
t= = = 0.097 sec < 0.1 sec
v 350m
nGe| wK¯¦y Kzqvi MfxiZv gvò 5.533m nIqvq ˆKvGbvfvGeB
cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj gƒj kõ I cÉwZa»wbi gaÅKvi mgq eÅeavb cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe bv|
KgcGÞ 0.1 sec nGZ nq, wK¯¦y KvRGji 1g AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ gƒj
kõ I cÉwZa»wbi gaÅKvi mgq eÅeavb 0.1 sec AGcÞv Kg| ZvB cÉk² 120 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
1g AeÕ©vGb KvRGji cGÞ cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv mÁ¿e nq wb| ‰K eÅwÚ wmGjGU êovGZ wMGq ‰KwU cvnvo ˆ^GK 17 wgUvi `ƒGi
cÉk² 119 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3 ^vKv AeÕ©vq cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ ˆRvGi kõ Kij| DÚ kGõi
êM wQj 350 wgUvi/ˆmGK´£ ‰es Ziã Š`NÆÅ wQj 20 ˆmw´ŸwgUvi|
P T K. chÆve†î MwZ KvGK eGj? 1
Q S U W L. Avgiv hLb K^v ewj ZLb AvgvGì kõ AGbÅi KvGQ
 = 60 KxfvGe ˆcuŒQvq? 2
R Hz V M. DÚ kGõi KÁ·vâ wbYÆq Ki| 3
wPGò cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ ‰KwU Ziã ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| evqy I cvwbGZ kõ N. DÚ eÅwÚ cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGeb wK? MvwYwZK hywÚmn
ZiGãi `Ë‚wZ 332m/s ‰es 1452.5 m/s| gZvgZ `vI| 4
K. Qw±`Z MwZ KvGK eGj? 1 120 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
L. ˆQGjGì Zyjbvq ˆgGqGì K¥¤Õ¼i ZxÞ° nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv  K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ§KYvi MwZ hw` ‰gb nq ˆh, ‰wU ‰i
Ki| 2 MwZcGî ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq ci ci ‰KB w`K
M. cÉ`wkÆZ ZiGãi AvGjvGK evZvGm kõ ZiGãi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq nGZ AwZKÌg KGi ZGe ˆmB MwZGK chÆve†î MwZ eGj|
Ki| 3  L Avgiv hLb K^v ewj AvgvGì kõ Aby‹`NÆÅ ev jwÁ¼K ZiGãi
N. ˆKvGbv Kzqvi MfxiZv evZvGm kõ ZiGãi Š`GNÆÅi mgvb gvaÅGg AGbÅi KvGb ˆcŒQvq| A^Ævr kõ gvaÅGgi Õ¦iàGjvi msGKvPb I
nGj H Kzqvq cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi mgq KZ nGe- MvwYwZK cÉmviGYi gvaÅGg ‰KRGbi K^v AbÅ RGbi KvGQ ˆcŒQvq|
weGkÏlY `vI| 4  M Avgiv Rvwb,
119 bs cÉGk²i Dîi v =  ‰LvGb,
K mijcG^ KÁ·bMwZ mÁ·®² ˆKvGbv eÕ§KYvi MwZ hw` ‰gb nq v kGõi êM, v = 350 m/s
ev, f = 
ˆh, ˆhGKvGbv gynƒGZÆi Z½iY, mvgÅveÕ©vb nGZ ‰i miGYi mgvbycvwZK 350
Ziã Š`NÆÅ,  = 20 cm = 0.2 m
wK¯§ wecixZgyLx nq, ZGe H cÉKvi MwZGK Qw±`Z MwZ eGj| =
0.2
Hz = 1750 Hz. KÁ·vâ, f = ?
L gvbyGli Mjvi AvIqvR mi‚ nGe bvwK ˆgvUv nGe Zv ˆfvKvj myZivs eÅwÚi Drc®² kGõi KÁ·vâ wQj 1750 Hz (Ans.)
KGWÆi Ici wbfÆi KGi| ˆfvKvj KWÆ ˆgvUv nGj ‰i KÁ·vâ KGg  N
hvq, dGj kGõi ZxÞ°ZvI KGg hvq| ˆgGqGì K¥¤Õ¼i ZxÞ° nIqvi 17m
KviY ZvGì ˆfvKvj KWÆ cvZjv A^Ævr ‰i KÁ·vâ êwk|
M ‰LvGb, evZvGm kõ ZiGãi `Ë‚wZ, va = 332m/s

KÁ·vâ, f = 60 Hz Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ KZÆ†K Drc®² kGõi îk 0.1 ˆmGK´£ chÆ¯¦
evZvGm kõ ZiGãi Š`NÆÅ, a = ? H eÅwÚi gwÕ¦GÓ• ^vGK| A^Ævr 0.1 ˆmGK´£ mgGqi gGaÅ H eÅwÚ
gƒj kõ I cÉwZa»wbi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ KiGZ cviGe bv, A^Ævr ˆKvGbv 0.1 sec cwigvY mgq jvMGe| KviY gvbe KGYÆ ˆKvGbv kõ ˆkvbvi
cÉKvi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe bv| 0.1 sec chÆ¯¦ H kGõi îk ˆ^GK hvq| dGj ‰ mgGqi gGaÅ gƒj
DóxcGK eÅwÚi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj kõGK (17  2)m = 34m c^ kGõi Abyi…c ‰KwU kõ KGYÆ cÉGek KiGj Zv Avjv`vfvGe mbvÚ
AwZKÌg KiGZ nGe| myZivs cÉwZa»wbZ kõ eÅwÚi KvGQ ˆcuŒQvGZ Kiv hvq bv|
cÉGqvRbxq mgq t nGj, ZLb kõ KZ‡ÆK AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ = kGõi MwZGeM  mgqKvj
s = vt ‰LvGb, ev, 2d = vt
s 34
ev, t = v = 350 sec `ƒiZ½, s = 34 m vt 344ms1  0.1sec
d= = = 17.2m
= 0.097 sec < 0.1 sec kGõi êM, v = 350 m/s 2 2
A^Ævr H eÅwÚ gƒj kõ I cÉwZa»wbZ kGõi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ KiGZ myZivs, DóxcGKi wPò-2 ‰i "S" ‰es "R" AeÕ©vGbi gGaÅ
cviGe bv| myZivs H eÅwÚ ˆKvGbv cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ cvGe bv| bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ 17.2m nGj cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe|
75cm 4m
Ziã cÉevGni w`GK
R
A B C D
S evqy
Zvcgvòv 20C
60Hz A nGZ B ˆZ ˆcuŒQvGZ 0.1s mgq jvGM|
wPò-1 wPò-2 K. Ziã êM KvGK eGj? 1
K. Ziã KvGK eGj? 1 L. wPGòi ZiãwU ˆKvb aiGbi Ziã? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
L. wPò-1 ‰i ZiãwU ˆKvb aiGbi? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 M. ZiãwUi KÁ·vâ wbYÆq Ki| 3
M. wPò-1 ‰i Ziã êM wbYÆq Ki| 3 N. weÕ¦vi AcwiewZÆZ îGL ZiãwUi Ziã‹`NÆÅ AGaÆK Kiv
N. wPò-2 ‰i "S" ‰es "R" AeÕ©vGbi gGaÅ bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ nGj KÁ·vGâi Kx cwieZÆb nGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY
KZ nGj cÉwZwa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe DîGii h^v^ÆZv hvPvB Ki| 4
Ki| 4 122 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
121 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K ˆKvGbv Ziã wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅGg wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK ‰KK mgGq ˆh `ƒiZ½

K ˆh chÆve†î AvG±`vjb ˆKvGbv Ro gvaÅGgi ‰KÕ©vb ˆ^GK AwZKÌg KGi ZvGK Ziã êM eGj|

AbÅÕ©vGb kwÚ mçvwjZ KGi wK¯§ gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvGK Õ©vqxfvGe L DóxcGKi ZiãwU gvaÅGg msGKvPb I cÉmviY bq eis
Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ KGi bv ZvGK Ziã eGj| ZiãkxlÆ I Ziãcv` Drc®² KGi mçvwjZ nq| Z`ycwi,
L wPò-1 ‰i ZiãwUi ˆÞGò gvaÅGgi ˆhGKvGbv KYvi Õ·±`b ZiãwÕ©Z KYvmgƒGni KÁ·Gbi w`K Ziã cÉevGni w`GKi mvG^
MwZi w`K ‰es ZiGãi AMÉmi nIqvi w`K ciÕ·i jÁ¼| ZvB jÁ¼| myZivs AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi msævbymvGi, DóxcGKi wPGòi
AbycÉÕ© ev Avo ZiGãi msævbymvGi ‰wU ‰KwU AbycÉÕ© Ziã| ZiãwU ‰KwU AbycÉÕ© Ziã|
M DóxcGKi wPò-1 nGZ cvB, M ZiGãi A nGZ B chÆ¯¦ ‰KwU cƒYÆZiã AewÕ©Z| myZivs A
AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  nGZ B ˆZ ˆcuŒQvGZ ˆh mgqKvj cÉGqvRb nq, Zv-B nGjv
= ‰KwU ZiãkxlÆ + ‰KwU Ziãcv` chÆvqKvj|
= 75cm = 0.75m A^Ævr chÆvqKvj, T = 0.1 sec
ZiGãi KÁ·vâ,  = 60 Hz = 60 sec1 1 1
êi KiGZ nGe, Ziã êM, v = ?  ZiãwUi KÁ·vâ, f = T = 0.1sec = 10 Hz (Ans.)
Avgiv Rvwb, v =  = 60 sec1  0.75 m = 45 m/s (Ans.) N DóxcGK ewYÆZ AeÕ©vq,
N DóxcGKi wPò-2 ‰ S «¼viv kGõi Drm ‰es R «¼viv kGõi AB + BC = 4m
cÉwZdjK eySvq| ev, 2  Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  = 4m
Avgiv Rvwb, T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, 4m
 Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  = 2 = 2m
v0 = 332m/s
T = 20C ev, 293 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, myZivs DóxcGK ewYÆZ AeÕ©vq,
T 293 ZiãGeM, v = f = 10 Hz  2m = 20 m/s
(v  T mƒòvbymvGi), v = v0 = 332 
T0 273 gvaÅg AcwiewZÆZ ^vKGj, Ziã‹`NÆÅ cƒGeÆi Zyjbvq AGaÆK Kiv
= 343.9 m/s  344 m/s nGjI ZiãGeM AcwiewZÆZ ^vKGe,
gGb Kwi, S ‰es R AeÕ©vGbi gGaÅ bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ d nGj cÉwZa»wb A^Ævr cwiewZÆZ cwiwÕ©wZGZ,
ˆkvbv hvGe| cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ kõGK 2d `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ ZiãGeM, v = 20 m/s
nGe| KviY kGõi Drm I ˆkÉvZv ‰KB AeÕ©vGb ^vKGj ˆm  2m
Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  = 2 = 2 = 1m
AeÕ©vb nGZ kõ wMGq cÉwZdjGK cÉwZdwjZ nGq Avevi Drm Z^v
ˆkÉvZvi wbKU wdGi AvmGe| ZvnGj, 2d `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌGg kGõi t = ‰GÞGò KÁ·vâ  nGj, v = 
–1
  =
v
=
20ms
= 20 Hz = 2  10 Hz = 2 K.myihyÚ kõ KvGK eGj? 1
 1m
L.cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ wbw`ÆÓ¡ `ƒiGZ½i cÉGqvRb nq ˆKb? 2
myZivs weÕ¦vi AcwiewZÆZ îGL ZiãwUi Ziã‹`NÆÅ AGaÆK Kiv
nGj KÁ·vâ cƒGeÆi Zyjbvq w«¼àY nGq hvGe| M.evqy gvaÅGg kGõi KÁ·vâ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N.DóxcGKi gvaÅgwU hw` avZe Zvi nGZv ZGe `yB gvaÅGg wK
‰KB mgGq kõ ÷bGZ cviGe? MvwYwZK hywÚ `vI| 4
2301 m `ƒGi ^vKv ‰KwU cvnvGoi cv`G`k ˆ^GK evejy Zvi e±`yK 124 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
w`Gq ‰KwU àwj KGi cvnvGoi w`GK ˆ`Œo ÷i‚ Kij| àwj ˆQvovi
3s cGi ˆm Bnvi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ ˆcj| H w`b evZvGmi Zvcgvòv
K kõ DrGmi wbqwgZ I chÆve†î KÁ·Gbi dGj ˆh kõ Drc®² nq

wQj 25C. ‰es hv AvgvGì KvGb kÉ‚wZgayi eGj gGb nq ZvGK myihyÚ kõ
K. chÆve†î MwZ KvGK eGj? 1 eGj|
L. AbycÉÕ© I Aby‹`NÆÅ ZiGãi gGaÅ `y’wU cv^ÆKÅ ˆjL| 2 L ˆKvGbv ÞYÕ©vqx kõ ev a»wb KvGb ˆkvbvi ci ˆmB kGõi
M. H mgGq evqyGZ kGõi MwZGeM KZ wQj? 3 cÉKvk cvq 1 ˆmGKG´£ hver AvgvGì gwÕ¦GÓ• ˆ^GK hvq| ‰GK
10
N. evejyi MwZGeM wbYÆGqi MvwYwZK weGkÏlY `vI| 4
1
123 bs cÉGk²i Dîi kõvbyf„wZi Õ©vwqZ½Kvj eGj| ‰B 10 ˆmGKG´£i gGaÅ AbÅ kõ
K ˆKvGbv MwZkxj eÕ¦yKYvi MwZ hw` ‰gb nq ˆh, ‰wU ‰i KvGb ‰Gm ˆcuŒQvGj Zv Avgiv Avjv`v KGi ÷bGZ cvB bv| myZivs
MwZcG^ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cici ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv ÞYÕ©vqx kGõi cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj cÉwZdjKGK Drm
AwZKÌg KGi, ZvnGj ˆmB MwZGK chÆve†î MwZ eGj| ˆ^GK ‰gb `ƒiGZ½ ivLGZ nGe hvGZ gƒj kõ cÉwZdwjZ nGq KvGb
L AbycÉÕ© I Aby‹`NÆÅ ZiGãi gGaÅ `y’wU cv^ÆKÅ wbÁ²i…c: 1
wdGi AvmGZ A¯¦Z 10 ˆmGK´£ mgq ˆbq| ‰ KviGYB cÉwZa»wb
AbycÉÕ© ZiGãi ˆÞGò ZiãGeGMi w`K ‰es gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvi
KÁ·Gbi w`K ciÕ·i jÁ¼| Aby‹`NÆÅ ZiGãi ˆÞGò ZiãGeGMi ˆkvbvi RbÅ wbw`ÆÓ¡ `ƒiGZ½i cÉGqvRb nq|
w`K ‰es gvaÅGgi KYvàGjvi KÁ·Gbi w`K ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj| M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
AbycÉÕ© Ziã gvaÅGg ZiãkxlÆ I Ziãcv` Drc®² KGi mçvwjZ evqyi Zvcgvòv, T = 20C
nq| Aby‹`NÆÅ Ziã gvaÅGg msGKvPb I cÉmviY Drc®² KGi Ziã‹`NÆÅ,  = ‰KwU msGKvPb + ‰KwU cÉmviY
mçvwjZ nq| 2wU msGKvPb + 2wU cÉmviY
=
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, 2
H w`b evZvGmi Zvcgvòv wQj, T = 25 C 40cm
= = 20 cm = 0.2 m
êi KiGZ nGe, H mgGq evqyGZ kGõi MwZGeM, v = ? 2
Avgiv Rvwb, T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi MwZGeM, êi KiGZ nGe, evqy gvaÅGg kGõi KÁ·vâ, f = ?
v0 = 332m/s Avgiv Rvwb, T0 = 0C ev, 273 K Zvcgvòvq evqy gvaÅGg kGõi
Avevi, v  T mƒòvbymvGi, T = 25C ev (273 + 25) K
êM, V0 = 332m/s ev, 273 k/v0
T
ev, 298 K Zvcgvòvq evqyGZ kGõi êM, v = v0 T0 T
 T = 20C ev, 293 k Zvcgvòvq kGõi êM, v = v0
T 0
298
= 332   347 m/s
273 293
= 332
273
N gGb Kwi,
evejyi MwZGeM, wQj x m/s Avevi, v = f
–1
myZivs t = 3 sec mgqKvGj evejy KZÆ†K AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ = x m/s  t  f = v = 344ms = 1720 Hz (Ans.)
= x m/s  3 sec = 3x m  0.2m
t = 3 sec mgqKvGj kõ KZÆ†K AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½ = vt N AwZKÌv¯¦ `ƒiZ½, d = 4000 cm =

4000
m = 40m
= 347m/s  3 sec 100
= 1041 m evqy gvaÅGg 20C Zvcgvòvq 40m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌGg kGõi mgq jvGM,
wK¯¦y cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbvi RbÅ 3 sec mgqKvGj 2301m AGcÞv êwk d 40m
t= = = 0.1163 sec
`ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ nGe| v 344ms–1
myZivs DóxcGK cÉ`î Dcvîmgƒn mwVK bq| DóxcK gGZ, avZe ZvGi kGõi êM, v = 5130 m/s
cÉk² 124 hGkvi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3 myZivs avZe ZvGi 20C Zvcgvòvq 40m `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌGg kGõi mgq
d 40m
40 cm jvGM, t = v = 5130ms–1 = 0.0078 sec
20 C
A B ˆhGnZy 0.1163 sec  0.0078 sec
A^Ævr t  t
4000 cm
myZivs DóxcGKi gvaÅgwU hw` avZe Zvi nGZv ZGe `yB gvaÅGg
avZe ZvGi kGõi êM 5130 m/s ‰KB mgGq kõ ÷bGZ cviGe bv|
cÉk² 125 ewikvj êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3 M evqyg´£Gji Zvcgvòv, T = 310 K

A T 310
evqyGZ kGõi êM, v = v0 T0
= 332
273
evqy Zvcgvòv 310
P kGõi Drm
K R = 354.2 m/s
60 m cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj gƒja»wb I cÉwZa»wbi gaÅKvi mgq eÅeavb
B nGZ nGe, t = 0.1 sec
K. cƒYÆ Õ·±`b Kx? 1 myZivs kGõi Drm (P) ‰es kGõi cÉwZdjGKi (AB) gaÅKvi
L. KÁ·vâ chÆvqKvGji eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK- eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 bƒÅbZg `ƒiZ½ d nGj, 2d = vt
M. P I AB ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ KgcGÞ KZ nGj cÉwZa»wb vt 354.2 ms–1  0.1 sec
ˆkvbv hvGe wbYÆq Ki| 3 d= 2 = 2
= 17.71 m
N. P nGZ kõ Drc®² nGq AB cÉwZdjGK evav cvIqvi NUbvwU myZivs P I AB ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ KgcGÞ 17.71 m nGj cÉwZa»wb
evqyi cwieGZÆ cvwbGZ NUGj cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe wKbv ˆkvbv hvGe| (Ans.)
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4  N cvwbGZ kGõi êM, v = 1450 m/s
DóxcK gGZ, kGõi Drm (P) nGZ cÉwZdjGKi (AB) `ƒiZ½, d =
K ZiGãi DciÕ© ˆKvGbv KYv ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y ˆ^GK hvòv ÷i‚ 60m cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj kõGK ˆh `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KiGZ nGe Zv

KGi Avevi ‰KB w`K ˆ^GK ˆmB we±`yGZ wdGi ‰Gj ZvGK ‰KwU nGjv 2d = 60m  2 = 120m
cƒYÆÕ·±`b ejv nq|
cvwbi ˆÞGò, kõ cÉwZdwjZ nGq wdGi AvmGZ t cwigvY mgq
L KÁ·bkxj ˆKvGbv KYv cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ hZwU cƒYÆKÁ·b mÁ·®² jvMGj, 2d = vt
KGi ZvGK KÁ·vâ eGj| KÁ·bkxj KYvi ‰KwU cƒYÆÕ·±`b mÁ·®² 2d 120m
KiGZ ˆh mgq jvGM ZvGK chÆvqKvj eGj| A^Ævr t cwigvY mgGq N  t = v = 1450ms–1 = 0.0828sec < 0.1 sec
msLÅK cƒYÆKÁ·b mÁ·®² KiGj, ˆhGnZy cÉwZa»wb ÷bGZ nGj gƒj a»wb I cÉwZa»wbi gaÅKvi mgq
N t
KÁ·vâ,  = t ‰es chÆvqKvj, T = N eÅeavb bƒÅbZg 0.1sec nGZ nq|
N t 1 1 myZivs, P nGZ kõ Drc®² nGq AB cÉwZdjGK evav cvIqvi NUbvwU
 fT = . = 1 ev, f = ev,  
t N T T evqyi cwieGZÆ cvwbGZ NUGj cÉwZa»wb ˆkvbv hvGe bv|
myZivs KÁ·vâ chÆvqKvGji eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK|
AÓ¡g AaÅvq : AvGjvi cÉwZdjb

L meyR AvGjvGZ MvGQi meyR cvZv meyR ˆ`LvGe| KviY MvGQi
cÉk²  64 gqgbwmsn êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4
cvZv meyR AvGjv cÉwZdwjZ KGi eGjB Zv Avgiv meyR ˆ`wL|
0.5 weeaÆGbi ‰KwU Avqbvi mvgGb 5 cm Š`GNÆÅi ‰KwU jÞÅ eÕ§ MvGQi cvZvq meyR AvGjv coGj Zv cÉwZdwjZ nGq wdGi AvmGe
ivLv wbGPi wPGò ˆ`LvGbv nGjv| A dGj Zv meyR ˆ`LvGe|
Avevi cvKv Avg njy` evG` me AvGjv ˆkvlY KGi ÷ay njy` AvGjv
cÉwZdwjZ KGi ‰RbÅ njy` ˆ`wL| cvKv AvGg ÷ay meyR AvGjv
15 cm
coGj Zv ˆkvlY KGi wbGe| dGji Dci ˆKvGbv AvGjv coGj Zv
12 cm
ˆkvlY KGi wbGe| A^Ævr, ˆKvGbv AvGjv cÉwZdwjZ nGe bv| ‰RbÅ
C  meyR AvGjvGZ cvKv Avg KvGjv ˆ`Lvq| A
M Avgiv Rvwb, A ‰LvGb,
1 1 1 ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 12 cm
+ =
u v f jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 15 cm
K. cÉwZweÁ¼ KvGK eGj? A 1 1 1 1 jÞÅeÕ§i Š`NÆÅ, l = 5 cm
L. meyR AvGjvGZ Avg MvGQi cvZvGK meyR wK¯§ cvKv AvgGK ev, 15 + v = 12
weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ?
KvGjv ˆ`Lvq ˆKb? A 2 ev, 1 = 1  1 weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ, l' = ?
v 12 15
M. DóxcGKi jÞÅeÕ§i weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
1 1
N. DóxcGKi jÞÅeÕ§i RbÅ weGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb ˆKv^vq, Kxi…c ev, v = 60 = 60 cm
nGe? iwkÄ wPò ‰uGK weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4 l' v
Avevi, |m| = l = u
64 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
v 60
K ˆKvGbv we±`y nGZ wbMÆZ AvGjvK iwkÄàœQ ˆKvGbv ZGj cÉwZdwjZ ev, l' = u  l ev, l' = 15  5 ev, l' = 20 cm (Ans.)
ev cÉwZmwiZ nevi ci hw` w«¼Zxq ˆKvb we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev w«¼Zxq we.`Ë.: weeaÆb AvmGj ˆKvGbv Avqbvi RbÅ wbw`ÆÓ¡ bq| ˆKvGbv ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡
ˆKvGbv we±`y nGZ AcmvwiZ nGœQ eGj gGb nq ZLb H w«¼Zxq Avqbvi mvgGb jÞÅeÕ§i wewf®² AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ weeaÆb wewf®² nq|
we±`ywUGK cÉ^g we±`yi cÉwZweÁ¼ ev weÁ¼ eGj|
N 2 (M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|
cÉk²  65 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5 cÉk²  66 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6
0.4 m ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU AeZj `cÆGYi mvgGb ˆgi‚ nGZ
ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i AGaÆK `ƒiGZ½ ‰KwU jÞÅeÕ§ ivLv nGjv| 30
K. ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ KvGK eGj? A 1 F C

L. AvGjvi wbqwgZ cÉwZdjb I AwbqwgZ cÉwZdjb ‰K bq@
eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK `cÆY nGZ weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 wPò: `cÆY-1 wPò: `cÆY-2
N. iwkÄ wPGòi mvnvGhÅ DóxcGKi jÞÅeÕ§wUi weGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb,
AvK‡wZ I cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4 K. cÉwZweÁ¼ KvGK eGj? 1
65 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L. bxj AvGjvGZ MvGQi meyR cvZvGK KvGjv ˆ`Lvq ˆKb? 2
K cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj ‰KàœQ AvGjvK iwkÄ cÉwZdjb ev M. `cÆY-1 ‰i cÉwZdjb ˆKvGYi gvb wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
cÉwZmiGYi ci ˆgi‚ ev AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci hZ N. DóxcGKi `cÆY-2, Mvwoi wcQGbi `†kÅ ˆ`Lvi RbÅ eÅen†Z
`ƒGi wgwjZ nq ev hZ `ƒi ˆ^GK Acm†Z nGœQ eGj gGb nq, ZvGKB nIqvi KviY wPòmn weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4
ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ eGj| A 66 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L mgv¯¦ivj iwkÄàœQ hLb gm†Y mgZGj AvcwZZ nGq cÉwZdjGbi ci K ˆKvb we±`y nGZ wbMÆZ AvGjvK iwkÄàœQ ˆKvGbv ZGj cÉwZdwjZ
ciÕ·Gii mgv¯¦ivj iwkÄ wnGmGe wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`GK PGj hvq ZvB wbqwgZ ev cÉwZmwiZ nevi ci hw` w«¼Zxq ˆKvb we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev w«¼Zxq
cÉwZdjb| gm†Y c†Ó¤ mgZj Avqbv| RGji DcwiZGj AvGjvi wbqwgZ ˆKvGbv we±`y nGZ AcmvwiZ nGœQ eGj gGb nq ZLb H w«¼Zxq
cÉwZdjb NGU| Aciw`GK AwbqwgZ cÉwZdjGbi ˆÞGò Agm†Y ZGj we±`yGK cÉ^g we±`yi cÉwZweÁ¼ ev weÁ¼ eGj|
AvcwZZ iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci wf®² wf®² ˆKvGY PGj hvq| L bxj AvGjvGZ MvGQi meyR cvZv KvGjv ˆ`LvGe| KviY meyR cvZv
hwÌ Dfq ˆÞGò cÉwZdjb mƒò ˆgGbB AvGjvi cÉwZdjb NGU ZGe meyR evG` me AvGjv ˆkvlY KGi| ZvB bxj AvGjv ˆkvlY KGi wbGe ‰es
cÉwZdjGbi ci iwkÄàGjvi `yB ˆÞGò wf®² agÆ cÉ`kÆb KGi| wbqwgZ ˆKvGbv AvGjv cÉwZdwjZ nGe bv| dGj cvZvwU KvGjv ˆ`LvGe|
cÉwZdjb cÉwZweÁ¼ m†wÓ¡ KiGZ cviGjI AwbqwgZ cÉwZdjb cÉwZ weÁ¼ A
ŠZwi KiGZ cvGi bv| myZivs, wbqwgZ cÉwZdjb I AwbqwgZ
M
 30
cÉwZdjb ‰K bq| A
M Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, 60
i
1 1 1 ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 0.4 m r
+ =
u v f = 40 cm
ev,
1 1 1
= 
jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 0.5  f
v f u = 0.5  40 cm
1 1 1 = 20 cm
ev, =  wPò nGZ cvB, AvcZb ˆKvY, i = 90 – 30 = 60
v 40 20 weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ? ˆhGnZz `cÆGY AvcZb ˆKvY I cÉwZdjb ˆKvY mgvb, ZvB cÉwZdjb
1 1
ev, v
=
40 ˆKvY, r = i = 60 (Ans.)
ev, v =  40 cm N 13(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|
v FYvñK cvIqvq êvSv ˆMGjv, AeZj `cÆYwUi ˆcQGb 40 cm
`ƒiGZ½ AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ MwVZ nGe| (Ans.) A cÉk²  67 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8
N DóxcGKi jÞÅeÕ§wUGK AeZj `cÆGYi mvgGb ˆgi‚ nGZ Zzwg I ˆZvgvi e®¬y `ywU wf®²agÆx Avqbv nGZ 15 cm `ƒGi ùvovGbvi
ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i AGaÆK `ƒiGZ½ ivLv nGj, ci ˆ`Lv ˆMj ˆZvgvi weÁ¼ Avqbvi mvgGb 15 cm `ƒGi ivLv c`Ævq
B B MwVZ nGjv wK¯§ ˆZvgvi e®¬yi weÁ¼ ‰KB `ƒiGZ½ nGjI ˆKvGbvfvGeB
c`Ævq ˆdjv ˆMj bv| A
C F A O A K. weeaÆb KvGK eGj? A 1
L. Mvwoi mvBW wfD wgii wnmvGe Dîj Avqbv eÅenvi Kiv nq
AB jÞÅeÕ§i B nGZ AvGjvKiwkÄ cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivGj ‰es ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2
Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê eivei AvcwZZ nGq cÉwZdjGbi ci M. cÉ ^ g `cÆ
Y wUi ˆdvKvm `ƒ iZ½ wbYÆ q KGiv| 3
`cÆGYi mvgGb AcmvwiZ nq A^Ævr, `cÆGYi mvgGb ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ N. ˆZvgvGì `yRGbi weÁ¼ `y’aiGbi nIqvi KviY iwkÄwPGòi
ˆQ` KGi bv| ‰GìGK ˆcQGbi w`GK evovGbv nGj B' we±`yGZ ˆQ` mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
KGi| AB jÞÅeÕ§i A we±`y nGZ Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ cÉavb AÞ 67 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
eivei AvcwZZ nGq cÉwZdwjZ nGq ‰KB cG^ wdGi AvGm| B' nGZ  K weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ I jÞÅeÕ§i Š`GNÆÅi AbycvZGK ŠiwLK weeaÆb ev
cÉavb AGÞi Dci A'B' jÁ¼ Uvbv nGj Zv AB jÞÅeÕ§i cÉwZweÁ¼ weeaÆb eGj| A
wbG`Æk KGi|
L Mvwoi PvjGKiv Mvwo PvjvGbvi mgq me mgq ˆcQGb Kx nGœQ
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : `cÆGYi ˆcQGb|
ˆmUv ˆ`Lvi RbÅ mvBW wfD wgii eÅenvi KGib| Dîj `cÆGY
cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ : AevÕ¦e I ˆmvRv|
ˆhGnZz ˆmvRv I ˆQvU cÉwZweÁ¼ ŠZwi Kiv hvq ˆmGnZz ˆQvU ‰KwU
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ|
Dîj Avqbv w`Gq Mvwoi PvjGKiv ˆcQGbi eo ‰KwU RvqMv ˆ`LGZ K. eÅvµ¦ cÉwZdjb KvGK eGj?A 1
cvGib| ZvB Mvwoi mvBW wfD wgii wnGmGe Dîj Avqbv eÅen†Z L. Dîj AvqbvGK Acmvix Avqbv ejv nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
nq| M. DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ eÕ§i weeaÆb wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
M ‰LvGb, cÉ^g `cÆYwU nGjv AeZj `cÆY| KviY DóxcGK ejv N. DóxcGKi Avqbvi mvgGb eÕ§wUGK C I F ‰i gGaÅ ‰es
AvGQ, cÉ^g `cÆGY weÁ¼ c`Ævq MwVZ nq| Avgiv Rvwb, weÁ¼ c`Ævq MwVZ C ‰i evBGi ivLv nGj cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvKvi Kxi…c nGe@ Zvi
nGj ˆmUv evÕ¦e| Avi evÕ¦e weÁ¼ ˆKej AeZj `cÆGYB ŠZwi nq| iwkÄwPò AâGbi gvaÅGg eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 4
‰LvGb, `cÆY ˆ^GK jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½ = `cÆY ˆ^GK cÉwZweGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ = 68 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
15 cm.
Avgiv Rvwb, AeZj `cÆGY jÞÅeÕ§ eKÌZvi ˆKG±`Ê ivLGjB cÉwZweÁ¼ K hw` ‰KàœQ mgv¯¦ivj AvGjvKiwkÄ ˆKvGbv ZGj AvcwZZ nGq

eKÌZvi ˆKG±`Ê MwVZ nq A^Ævr `cÆY ˆ^GK jÞÅeÕ§ I weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ cÉwZdjGbi ci Avi mgv¯¦ivj bv ^vGK ev Awfmvix ev Acmvix iwkÄ
mgvb nq| àGœQ cwiYZ bv nq ZGe ‰ aiGbi cÉwZdjbGK AvGjvi eÅvµ¦ ev
 `cÆGYi eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 15 cm AwbqwgZ cÉwZdjb eGj| A

r 15
ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ f = 2 = 2 cm = 7.5 cm L ˆKvGbv ˆMvjGKi Dîj c†Ó¤ hw` cÉwZdjKi…Gc KvR KGi ZGe
ZvGK Dîj Avqbv eGj| Dîj Avqbv cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj
myZivs, cÉ^g `cÆYwU AeZj I ‰i ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = + 7.5 cm (Ans.) ‰KàœQ AvGjvKiwkÄGK cÉwZdjGbi ci Acmvix àGœQ cwiYZ KGi|
N AvgvGì `y’RGbi weÁ¼ `y’aiGbi nIqvi KviY Avgvi AvqbwU ZvB Dîj AvqbvGK Acmvix Avqbv ejv nq| A
AeZj wK¯§ Avgvi e®¬yi AvqbwU Dîj| M 24(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 3
DóxcGK ejv AvGQ, Avgvi cÉwZweÁ¼ c`Ævq MVb Kiv hvq A^Ævr weÁ¼
N 4(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|
evÕ¦e hv meÆ`v AeZj `cÆGY ŠZwi nq| A^Ævr Avgvi `cÆYwU AeZj
`cÆY| Avevi, `cÆY ˆ^GK Avgvi `ƒiZ½ = `cÆY ˆ^GK Avgvi cÉk²  69 ewikvj êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5
cÉwZweGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ = 15 cm| A^Ævr `cÆYwUi eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ r = 15
cm.
X
P A jÞÅeÕ§ 3 cm
l O P
B Y F
F B
l =
A
S
Q wPò-1 R
K. weÁ¼ KvGK eGj? A 1
‰LvGb wPò-1 ‰ AB nj Avwg ‰es AB nj Avgvi cÉwZweÁ¼| L. Avgiv ˆhGKvGbv Ziã‹`GNÆÅi AvGjv ˆ`LGZ cvB bv ˆKb? A 2
DfGqi AeÕ©vbB eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê C ˆZ A^Ævr `cÆY ˆ^GK jÞÅeÕ§ I M. `cÆYwUi ŠiwLK weeaÆb 1.5 nGj weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ KZ wgUvi? A 3
cÉwZweGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ mgvb| ‰LvGb `cÆYwU AeZj ‰es cÉwZweÁ¼ evÕ¦e, N. jÞÅ eÕ§GK ˆdvKvm ‰es ˆgi‚i gGaÅ ivLv nGj cÉwZweGÁ¼i
DÎŸv I AvKvi jÞÅeÕ§i mgvb| AeÕ©vb, cÉK‡wZ I AvK‡wZ iwkÄwPGòi mvnvGhÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
69 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
P
P K ˆKvb we±`y nGZ wbMÆZ AvGjvK iwkÄàœQ ˆKvGbv ZGj cÉwZdwjZ
ev cÉwZmwiZ nevi ci hw` w«¼Zxq ˆKvb we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev w«¼Zxq
C F Q Q
ˆKvGbv we±`y nGZ AcmvwiZ nGœQ eGj gGb nq ZLb H w«¼Zxq
we±`ywUGK cÉ^g we±`yi cÉwZweÁ¼ ev weÁ¼ eGj| A
wPò-2 L ˆhGKvGbv Ziã‹`GNÆÅi AvGjv Avgiv ˆ`LGZ cvB bv KviY mKj
DóxcGK ejv AvGQ, Avgvi e®¬yi weÁ¼ c`Ævq ˆdjv hvq bv A^Ævr AvGjvi Zãi‹`NÆÅ AvgvGì `†kÅgvb AvGjvi Ziã‹`GNÆÅi mxgvi
Avgvi e®¬yi cÉwZweÁ¼ AevÕ¦e ‰es Zvi `cÆYwU Dîj `cÆY| ‰LvGb gGaÅ ^vGK bv|
wPò-2 ‰ PQ nj Avgvi e®¬y ‰es PQ nj Zvi cÉwZweÁ¼| ˆ`Lv AvGjv ‰K aiGbi Zwor PzÁ¼Kxq Ziã| ‰i gGaÅ `†kÅgvb AvGjvi
hvGœQ ‰LvGb, `cÆYwU Dîj ‰es cÉwZweÁ¼ AevÕ¦e, ˆmvRv I LweÆZ| Ziã‹`GNÆÅi mxgv 400 nm ˆ^GK 700 nm. ‰B mxgvi evBGi ˆKvGbv
myZivs ejv hvq, AvgvGì `y’RGbi weÁ¼ wf®² nIqvq KviY `yRGbi Ziã‹`GNÆÅi AvGjv Avgiv ˆ`LGZ cvB bv| A
`cÆY wf®²|
M Avgiv Rvwb,
cÉk²  68 hGkvi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7 weeaÆb, m = l
l ‰LvGb,
jÞÅeÕ§i Š`NÆÅ, l = 3 cm
l
O ev, 1.5 = 3 weeaÆb, m = 1.5
15 cm jÞÅeÕ§ 45 cm weÁ¼
ev, l  = 4.5 cm weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ, l  = ?
C F A B
l  = 0.045 m (Ans.)
N 24 (N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|

cÉk² 70 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6 fvGe wbMÆZ nGe| cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| myZivs
A O nGe O we±`yi evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| O ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ
jÁ¼ AO nGe AO-‰i evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq
C F B P F C
O
PC = 80 cm, PB = 30 cm. Q
K. Dîj ˆj´Ö KvGK eGj? 1
A C F
L. cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGb AvcZb ˆKvY KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvGYi ˆPGq P
eo nq ˆKb? 2 A
M. jÞÅeÕ§ AB ‰i weeaÆb wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. jÞÅeÕ§wU `cÆGYi ˆgi‚ nGZ 50 cm. `ƒGi Õ©vcb KiGj
weGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb, AvK‡wZ I cÉK‡wZ iwkÄwPGòi mvnvGhÅ AsKb O R
KGi weGkÏlY KGiv| (msGkvwaZ) 4 cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê I AmxGgi gvGS,
70 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ : evÕ¦e ‰es DGÎŸv
K ˆh ˆjG´Öi gaÅfvM cyi‚ I cÉv¯¦fvM KÌgk mi‚ ZvGK Dîj ˆj´Ö eGj|
 cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ
L
 cÉk² 71 mKj êvWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 5
D
B 2
C 14 cm
a P
F C
1
A
gGb Kwi, Nb gvaÅg a nGZ ˆKvGbv AvGjvKiwkÄ AB cG^ 1 ˆKvGY wPGò jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½ 10cm
AvcwZZ nGj AGcÞvK‡Z nvjKv b gvaÅGg CD cG^ 2 ˆKvGY K. AcwUKÅvj dvBevi Kx? 1
sin 
cÉwZmwiZ nq| ‰Lb, anb = sin 1 nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq 1 ‰i gvb e†w«¬ L. ˆKvGbv ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv 3D ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2
2
KiGZ ^vKGj sin 1 ‰i gvb evoGe, ‰Lb anb aË‚eK ^vGK eGj M. weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq KGiv| 3
sin2 Z^v 2 ‰i gvbI evoGe ‰es ‰K chÆvGq 2 = 90 nGe|
N. hw` jÞÅeÕ§ w U `cÆ GYi mvgGb 5cm `ƒGi ivLv nq ZGe
‰ AeÕ©vq AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvbGK KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY eGj| m†Ó¡ weGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ-cÉK‡wZ I AeÕ©vb iwkÄwPò ‰uGK
AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb AviI evovGj AvGjv Avi cÉwZmwiZ bv eis Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
‰KB gvaÅGg wdGi AvGm, ‰wUB cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb| ZvB cƒYÆ 71 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGb AvcZb ˆKvY KÌvw¯¦GKvY AGcÞv eo nq| K AcwUKÅvj dvBevi nGœQ KvP ev ˆKvGbv Õ¼œQ c`vG^Æi ŠZwi mi‚
Z¯§ ev dvBevi hv AvGjvi cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi agÆ eÅenvi
M
KGi AvGjvKxq msGKZ enGbi KvGR eÅenvi Kiv nq|
L ˆKvGbv ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv 3D ejGZ êvSvq ˆj´ÖwU Dîj ‰es ‰wU
1 1 1 `cÆGYi eÅvmvaÆ, r = PC = 80 cm
+ =
u v f r 80
cÉ avb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj ‰KàœQ AvGjvKiwkÄGK ‰gbfvGe Awfmvix
1 1 1 ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 2 = 2 = 40 cm KGi ˆhb cÉwZmiGYi ci ‰iv ˆj´ÖwUi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cÉavb
ev, v = f  u 1
eÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 30 cm AGÞi Dci 3 m `ƒGii ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq|
1 1
=  weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ?
40 30 M
1 weeaÆb, |m| = ?
= Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK Abyhvqx, `cÆYwU AeZj|
120
 v =  120 cm
1 1 1
+ = ˆÌqv AvGQ,
v u f
v  120 `cÆGYi eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 14cm
Avevi, m =  u =  30 = 4 (Ans.) 1 1 1
ev, v + 10 = 7  `cÆYwUi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,
r 14 cm
N DóxcGKi `cÆGYi eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ 80 cm I ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ 40 cm. ev, =  =
1 1 1 3 f = = = 7 cm
v 7 10 70 2 2
 `cÆGYi ˆgi‚ nGZ 50 cm `ƒGi AewÕ©Z eÕ§wU eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê I
 v = 23.33 cm (Ans.) jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 10 cm
cÉavb ˆdvKvGmi gGaÅ AewÕ©Z|
weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ?
gGb Kwi, ‰KwU AeZj `cÆGYi cÉavb AÞ PC-‰i Dci jÁ¼ ‰KwU
N ‘M’ Ask ˆ^GK cvB, `cÆYwUi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 7 cm
weÕ¦‡Z jÞÅeÕ§ AO, hv eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê C I cÉavb ˆdvKvm F ‰i gvGS
jÞÅeÕ§wUGK 5 cm `ƒGi ivLGj jÞÅeÕ§wUi AeÕ©vb nGe ˆgi‚ I
AewÕ©Z| O ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ OQ
ˆdvKvGmi gGaÅ| ˆmGÞGò wbGÁ² m†Ó¡ weGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ-cÉK‡wZ I
cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb ˆdvKvm F w`Gq hvGe ‰es cÉavb ˆdvKvm F
AeÕ©vb iwkÄwPò ‰uGK weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv:
Mvgx Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ OR cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj
A N 'X' `cÆYwU nGjv AeZj| ‰i ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, OF = f = 6 cm|
`cÆY nGZ ùvZ PQ ‰i `ƒiZ½ 4 cm ‰i ˆÞGò:
A P ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj iwkÄ PA cÉwZdjGbi ci ˆdvKvm F
D
w`Gq ‰es PO iwkÄ OB cG^ Mgb KGi| iwkÄ«¼q Acmvix nIqvq
C
B P
O
BF
‰GìGK `cÆGYi wcGQ ewaÆZ KGi ˆQ`we±`y P cvIqv hvq| ZLb DÚ
iwkÄ«¼qGK P nGZ AvmGQ eGj gGb nq| A^Ævr P nGœQ P ‰i
AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| P ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ PQ jÁ¼B
aiv hvK, jÞÅeÕ§wU AB ˆhwU `cÆGYi ˆgi‚ P nGZ PB `ƒiGZ½ PQ ‰i AevÕ¦e weÁ¼|
AeÕ©vb KiGQ| A^Ævr PB = 5cm| jÞÅeÕ§i kxlÆ A ˆ^GK P
AvGjvKiwkÄ cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivGj ‰Gm D we±`yGZ AvcwZZ nq|
A
D ˆ^GK AvGjvKiwkÄ cÉavb ˆdvKvm w`Gq DF cG^ cÉwZdwjZ nq| P
A ˆ^GK AbÅ ‰KwU AvGjvKiwkÄ eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê eivei AvcwZZ nGq
C F Q O Q
H cG^B cÉwZdwjZ nq| cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q evÕ¦Ge wgwjZ nq bv|
‰GìGK ˆcQGbi w`GK ewaÆZ KiGj ‰iv A we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq|
X
myZivs A nGœQ A ‰i AevÕ¦e weÁ¼| A ˆ^GK PC ‰i ewaÆZvsGki B
Dci AB jÁ¼ Uvbv nGjv| AZ‰e, AB-B nGe AB ‰i AevÕ¦e `cÆY nGZ ùvZ PQ ‰i `ƒiZ½ 8 cm ‰i ˆÞGò:
cÉwZweÁ¼| P ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci ˆdvKvm F w`Gq
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ: weewaÆZ ‰es PO iwkÄ OP cG^ Mgb KGi| iwkÄ«¼q Awfmvix nIqvq P
cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ: AevÕ¦e I ˆmvRv we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| A^Ævr P nGœQ P ‰i evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| P ˆ^GK
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb: `cÆGYi ˆcQGb cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ PQ jÁ¼B PQ ‰i evÕ¦e weÁ¼|
cÉk² 72 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4 P A
Q
‰KRb `¯¦wPwKrmK KvGRi myweavi RbÅ 6 cm ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½wewkÓ¡ C Q F O
ˆMvjxq `cÆY 'X' eÅenvi KGib| ‰KRb Mvwoi PvjGKi myweavi
RbÅ Mvwoi cvGk¼Æ eÅen†Z 60 cm ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½wewkÓ¡ 'Y' ˆMvjxq X
`cÆGYi wcQGbi AbÅ ‰KwU Mvwoi weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ 50 cm nGjv| P
K. AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê Kx? 1 Dfq ˆÞGò weGÁ¼i weeaÆb cÉvq mgvb nGjI 1g ˆÞGò eÕ§ AevÕ¦e I
L. ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv 0.25 D ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2 ˆmvRv nGqGQ wK¯§ 2q ˆÞGò evÕ¦e I DÎŸv nGqGQ| ùvZ ˆ`Lvi
M. Y-‰ ˆ`Lv MvwowU `cÆY nGZ KZ wgUvi `ƒGi wQj? 3 ˆÞGò AevÕ¦e, ˆmvRv I weewaÆZ weÁ¼ nIqv cÉGqvRb| ZvB ejv hvq
N. `¯¦wPwKrmK X ‰i `ƒiZ½ ùvZ nGZ 4 cm ‰es 8 cm `ƒGi 1g AeÕ©vbwU êwk myweavRbK|
îGL KvR KiGZ PvBGj ˆKvb AeÕ©vbwU êwk myweavRbK
nGe Zv iwkÄwPGòi gvaÅGg weGkÏlY Ki| 4 cÉk² 73 ewikvj êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6
72 bs cÉGk²i Dîi M
O
jÞÅeÕ§
K AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê nGjv ˆjG´Öi AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉavb AGÞi Dci

 20 cm
AewÕ©Z ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y hvi gaÅw`Gq ˆKvGbv iwkÄ AwZKÌg P F C A
KiGj cÉwZmiGYi ci ˆjG´Öi Aci c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK wbMÆZ nIqvi mgq
AvcwZZ iwkÄi mgv¯¦ivjfvGe wbMÆZ nq| M
K. AcwUKÅvj dvBevi Kx? 1
L ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv 0.25 D ejGZ êvSvq ˆj´ÖwU AeZj ‰es ‰wU

L. evqyi mvGcGÞ cvwbi cÉwZmivâ 1.33 ejGZ Kx eyS? 2
cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj ‰KàœQ AvGjvKiwkÄGK ‰gbfvGe Acmvix
1 M. eÕ§wU `cÆY nGZ 30 cm `ƒGi ^vKGj weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki|3
KGi ˆhb gGb nq ‰àGjv ˆj´Ö ˆ^GK 0.25 ev 4 m `ƒGii ˆKvGbv N. DóxcGK jÞÅeÕ§i AeÕ©vb ˆKv^vq nGj cÉwZweÁ¼ evÕ¦e
we±`y ˆ^GK AvmGQ| ‰es weewaÆZ nGe iwkÄwPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 4
M 'Y' ˆMvjxq `cÆYwU Dîj eGj,
ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f =  60 cm K KvP ev ˆKvGbv Õ¼œQ c`vG^Æi ŠZwi miy Z¯§ ev dvBevi hv AvGjvi

Mvwoi weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v =  50 cm cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi eÅenvi KGi AvGjvKxq msGKZ enGbi
Mvwoi `ƒiZ½, u = ? KvGR eÅenvi Kiv nq, ‰i…c Z¯§ nGœQ AcwUKÅvj dvBevi|
Avgiv Rvwb,
1 1 1 L evqyi mvGcGÞ cvwbi cÉwZmiYvâ 1.33 ejGZ eySvq ˆh, ˆKvGbv
+ =
u v f AvGjvKiwkÄ hw` evqy gvaÅg ˆ^GK cvwbGZ cÉGek KGi ZvnGj
1 1 1 1 1 5 + 6 1
ev, u = f  v = 60 cm  50 cm = 300 cm = 300 cm iwkÄwUi AvcZb ˆKvGYi mvBb I cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi mvBGbi AbycvZ
meÆ`v 1.33 nGe|
 u = 300 cm = 3 m (Ans.)
M

1 1 1
+ = eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 20 cm
u v f
r
1 1 1  ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 2 = 10 cm C1 O C2
ev, v = f  u F
jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 30 cm
1 1
=  weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ?
10 cm 30 cm
31 1
= =
30 cm 15 cm Dîj ˆj´Ö
 v = 15 cm (Ans.) M cÉ`î wPGò ‰KwU AeZj `cÆGYi cÉavb AÞ PC-‰i Dci jÁ¼
N DóxcGKi jÞÅeÕ§wUi AeÕ©vb cÉavb ˆdvKvm F I eKÌZvi ‰KwU jÞÅeÕZz AO, hv eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê C I cÉavb ˆdvKvm F ‰i
ˆK±`Ê C ‰i gvGS nGj evÕ¦e ‰es weewaÆZ cÉwZweÁ¼ MwVZ nGe| gvGS AewÕ©Z| O ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ OQ
M O cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb ˆdvKvm F w`Gq hvGe ‰es cÉavb ˆdvKvm F
B
Mvgx Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj fvGe
P F A C wbMÆZ nGe| cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| myZivs O
nGe O we±`yi evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| O ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ
M I
jÁ¼ AO nGe AO-‰i evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq-
MPM AeZj `cÆGYi cÉavb AÞ PC-‰i Dci, F I C ‰i gvGS
O
AO ‰KwU weÕ¦‡Z jÞÅeÕ§| O ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj Q
iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci F w`Gq hvGe ‰es F Mvgx Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ C F
A
cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivjfvGe wbMÆZ nGe| cÉwZdwjZ A
P
iwkÄ«¼q I we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| myZivs I nGe O we±`yi evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼|
I ˆ^GK PC ‰i Dci AwâZ jÁ¼ BI nGe AO-‰i evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼|
wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, weÁ¼ evÕ¦e I weewaÆZ nGqGQ| O R
cÉk² 74 XvKv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5 cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê I AmxGgi gvGS
cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ : evÕ¦e ‰es DGÎŸv
wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²mgƒGni Dîi `vI:
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ
O
N DóxcGK cÉ`î `cÆYwU ‰KwU AeZj `cÆY| AeZj `cÆGY eÕ§i
AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ cvIqv mÁ¿e| eÕ§i AeÕ©vb cÉavb ˆdvKvm I ˆgi‚i
P gvGS nGj AeZj `cÆGY AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ MwVZ nq|
C A F AeZj `cÆGYi cÉavb AÞ PC-‰i Dci ‰KwU jÞÅeÕ§ OA hv
`cÆGYi ˆgiy I cÉavb ˆdvKvGmi gvGS jÁ¼fvGe AewÕ©Z| O ˆ^GK
AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb ˆdvKvm
K. ˆj´Ö Kx? 1 F w`Gq hvGe ‰es eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ eivei Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ
L. Dîj ˆj´ÖGK Awfmvix ˆj´Ö ejv nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 cÉwZdjGbi ci ‰KB cG^ wdGi AvmGe|
O
M. cÉ`î jÞÅeÕ§i weÁ¼ Kxi…c nGe wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eYÆbv Ki| 3
N. DóxcGKi `cÆYwU nGZ AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ cvIqv mÁ¿e wKbv
iwkÄwPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ weGkÏlY Ki| 4
A
74 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K `ywU ˆMvjxq c†Ó¤ «¼viv mxgve«¬ ˆKvGbv Õ¼œQ cÉwZmviK gvaÅgGK
ˆj´Ö eGj|
L ˆh ˆjG´Öi gaÅfvM cyi‚ ‰es cÉv¯¦fvM mi‚ ZvGK Dîj ˆj´Ö eGj| ‰B cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q `cÆGYi mvgGb ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq bv|
Dîj ˆjG´Öi Dci mgv¯¦ivj iwkÄàœQ AvcwZZ nGj cÉwZmiGYi ci wK¯§ ‰GìGK wcQGbi w`GK evovGj `cÆGYi wcGQ O we±`yGZ wgwjZ
wbMÆZ nIqvi ci ‰KwU we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev Awfmvix iwkÄàGœQ nq| myZivs O nGœQ O we±`yi AevÕ¦e weÁ¼| O ˆ^GK AGÞi Dci
cwiYZ nq eGj Dîj ˆj´ÖGK Awfmvix ˆj´Ö eGj| AwâZ jÁ¼ OA nGe OA ‰i AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| myZivs ejv hvq,
wbGPi wPGò welqwU ˆ`LvGbv nGjv : cÉ`î `cÆYwU nGZ AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼ cvIqv mÁ¿e|
cÉk² 75 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 4 O
M
O
12 cm C
C F P F A P A
M
K. `cÆGYi ˆgi‚ KvGK eGj? 1
L. AeZj `cÆY ‰KwU Awfmvix `cÆY ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 ‰Lb, aiv hvK, OA jÞÅeÕ§wU `cÆGYi 10 cm mvgGb AewÕ©Z| O
M. wPGò `cÆGYi mvgGb cÉavb AGÞi Dci 24cm `ƒGi eÕ§ ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb
AeÕ©vb KiGj ŠiwLK weeaÆb wbYÆq Ki| 3 ˆdvKvm F w`Gq hvGe ‰es eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ eivei Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ
N. wPGò `cÆGYi mvgGb 10cm ‰es 15cm `ƒiGZ½ `yBwU eÕ§ cÉwZdjGbi ci ‰KB cG^ wdGi AvmGe| cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼qGK
AeÕ©vb KiGj cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb I cÉK‡wZ iwkÄwPòmn wcQGbi w`GK ewaÆZ KiGj Zviv O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq A^Ævr cÉwZdwjZ
weGkÏlY Ki| 4 iwkÄ«¼q O we±`y ˆ^GK wbMÆZ nGœQ eGj gGb nq| myZivs O nGe O
75 bs cÉGk²i Dîi we±`yi AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| O ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼
OA nGe OA-‰i AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq-
K ˆMvjxq `cÆGYi cÉwZdjK c†GÓ¤i gaÅwe±`yGK `cÆGYi ˆgi‚ eGj|

cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : `cÆGYi wcQGb
L ˆh ˆMvjxq `cÆGYi cÉwZdjK c†Ó¤ AeZj, ZvGK AeZj `cÆY cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ : AevÕ¦e ‰es wmav
eGj| AeZj `cÆY ‰KwU Awfmvix `cÆY| KviY, ‰i cÉavb AGÞi cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ
mgv¯¦ivj ‰KàœQ AvGjvKiwkÄ `cÆGY AvcwZZ nIqvi ci Avevi 2q ˆÞGò, `cÆGYi 15 cm mvgGbi eÕ§wU cÉavb ˆdvKvm I
cÉwZdwjZ nGq ‰KwU we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev Awfmvix iwkÄàGœQ eKÌZvi ˆKG±`Êi gvGS AewÕ©Z|
cwiYZ nq|
M
 O
Q
C F
1 1 1
+ = ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 12 cm A
P
u v f A
eÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 24 cm
1 1 1
ev, v = f  u weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ?
1 1 weeaÆb, |m| = ? R
=  O
12 24
1 aiv hvK, AO jÞÅeÕ§wU eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê C I cÉavb ˆdvKvm F ‰i
=
24 gvGS AewÕ©Z| O ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ OQ
 v = 24 cm cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb ˆdvKvm F w`Gq hvGe ‰es cÉavb ˆdvKvm F
v
Avevi, |m| = u Mvgx Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ OR cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj
24 fvGe wbMÆZ nGe| cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| myZivs
= = 1 (Ans.) O nGe O we±`yi evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| O ˆ^GK AGÞi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼
24
AO nGe AO-‰i evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq-
N cÉ`î AeZj `cÆYwUi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ 12 cm|
1g ˆÞGò, `cÆGYi 10 cm mvgGbi eÕ§wU ˆgi‚ I cÉavb ˆdvKvGmi cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê I AmxGgi gvGS,cÉwZweGÁ¼i
gvGS AewÕ©Z| cÉK‡wZ : evÕ¦e ‰es DGÎŸv
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ
beg AaÅvq : AvGjvi cÉwZmiY

cÉk² 76 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5 N. DóxcGKi ˆjG´Öi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi 30
evqy gvaÅg ˆ^GK ‰KwU AvGjvK iwkÄ KvGP 20° ˆKvGY AvcwZZ nGq ˆm.wg. I 15 ˆm.wg. `ƒiGZ½ m†Ó¡ cÉwZweÁ¼ ‰K bq iwkÄwPò
13.18° ˆKvGY cÉwZmwiZ nq| ‰KwU ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ 20 AâbcƒeÆK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
ˆm.wg.| 76 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K. ˆjG´Öi cÉavb ˆdvKvm KvGK eGj? 1 K ˆKvGbv ˆjG´Öi cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj I wbKUeZÆx AvGjvK
L. ÛwjKwgDwbGKkGb AvGjvi cÉwZmiY KxfvGe eÅen†Z nq? iwkÄàœQ cÉwZmiGYi ci cÉavb AGÞi ˆh we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev ˆh
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 we±`y ˆ^GK Acm†Z nGœQ eGj gGb nq, ZvGK H ˆjG´Öi cÉavb
M. evqy mvGcGÞ ˆjG´Öi KvGPi cÉwZmiYvâ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 ˆdvKvm eGj|
L ÛwjKwgDwbGKkGb WvUv cvVvGbvi RbÅ AcwUKÅvj dvBevi cÉk² 77 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6
eÅenvi Kiv nq|
‰KwU Dîj ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ 20 cm| ˆj´Ö ˆ^GK wbw`ÆÓ¡ `ƒiGZ½
AcwUKÅvj dvBevi ŠZwi Kiv nq Lye mi‚ `xNÆ, bgbxq A^P wbGiU
‰KwU jÞÅeÕ§ ivLGj ˆjG´Öi Aci cvGk¼Æ 100 cm `ƒGi cÉwZweÁ¼
KvP Z¯§ «¼viv| ‰B Z¯§i cÉwZmiYvâ 1.7 ‰es dvBevGii Dci
MwVZ nq|
AGcÞvK‡Z Kg cÉwZmiYvGâi (1.5) c`vG^Æi ‰KwU AveiY ˆ`Lv
hvq| AvGjvK iwkÄ Nb gvaÅg (AcwUKÅvj dvBevi) ˆ^GK nvjKv K. ˆjG´Öi cÉavb ˆdvKvm KvGK eGj? 1
gvaÅGg (AveiY) hvIqvi mgq KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY AGcÞv eo ˆKvGY L. Avgiv ‰KB Õ©vGb ùvwoGq KxfvGe wewf®² `ƒiGZ½i eÕ§
AvcwZZ nGj cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb NGU| AcwUKÅvj dvBevi ˆ`LGZ cvB? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
‰gbfvGe euvKvGbv ^vGK hvGZ AvcZb ˆKvY memgq KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY M. AvGjvKGK±`Ê ˆ^GK jÞÅeÕ§ i `ƒ i Z½ KZ? 3
AGcÞv eo nq| Avevi AcwUKÅvj dvBevGii AveiY wfZGii Z¯§i N. jÞÅeÕ§i AeÕ©vGbi cwieZÆb KGi DóxcGKi ˆj´ÖwUi
ˆPGq nvjKv nq ZvB AcwUKÅvj dvBevGi cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb ˆÞGò eÕ§i ‰KB cvGk¼Æ cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb mÁ¿e wKbv? wPòmn
NGU| ‰fvGe AvGjvi MwZGZ WvUv Õ©vbv¯¦i nq| A weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
77 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M ˆjG´Öi KvGPi cÉwZmiYvâ n1 nGj,
sin1 ‰LvGb, K ˆKvGbv ˆjG´Öi cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj I wbKUeZÆx AvGjvK
n1 =
sin 2 AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 20 iwkÄàœQ cÉwZmiGYi ci cÉavb AGÞi ˆh we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq ev ˆh
sin 20 cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 13.18 we±`y ˆ^GK Acm†Z nGœQ eGj gGb nq, ZvGK H ˆjG´Öi cÉavb
=
sin 13.18
cÉwZmiYvâ, n1= ? ˆdvKvm eGj|
= 1.5 (Ans.)
L ˆPvGLi DcGhvRb ÞgZvi KviGY Õ¼vfvweK ˆPvGL ˆhGKvGbv
N DóxcGKi ˆj´ÖwU Dîj| `ƒiGZ½i eÕ§B ˆ`Lv hvq| ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi ‰KwU weGkl àY nGœQ ‰i
ˆÌqv AvGQ, A AvK‡wZ cÉGqvRb gZ e`Gj hvq dGj ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i cwieZÆb NGU|
ˆj´ÖwUi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,  = 20 cm ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i cwieZÆGbi dGj jÞÅeÕ§i ˆhGKvGbv `ƒiGZ½i RbÅ
1g jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u1 = 30 cm
ˆj´Ö ˆ^GK ‰KB `ƒiGZ½ A^Ævr îwUbvi Ici weÁ¼ MwVZ nq ‰es
‰Lb, 2 = 2  20 cm = 40 cm
Avgiv ˆhGKvGbv `ƒiGZ½i eÕ§ Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvB|
1g jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u1 = 30 cm
ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, 2 > u1 >  M

‰GÞGò cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ ‰es cÉK‡wZ, iwkÄwPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvGbv Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
nGjv 1 1 1
= + ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 20 cm
f u v
P L cÉwZweGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = 100 cm
jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = ?
1 1 1
Q
ev, u = f  v
2F1 Q F1 O F2 2F2
vf
=
fv
L P fv
 u =
vf
wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb: 2F I AmxGgi gvGS =
20  100
100  20
AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ
= 25 cm (Ans.)
cÉK‡wZ : evÕ¦e I DÎŸv
2q ˆÞGò, jÞÅeÕ§i `ƒiZ½ nGe, u2 = 15 cm N Dîj ˆjG´Ö AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ MVb cÉwKÌqv wbGÁ² iwkÄ wPGòi gvaÅGg
ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, u2 <  A^Ævr jÞÅeÕ§i AeÕ©vb nGe cÉavb ˆdvKvGmi gGaÅ, ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
P
P
‰GÞGò cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ, cÉK‡wZ iwkÄwPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvGbv nGjv A
P
L
M P
P Q
Q F Q
T F
Q F2
Q F1
O
L B
L
aiv hvK, AOB ‰KwU Dîj ˆj´Ö| O ˆj´ÖwUi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê, F I
iwkÄwPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb: jÞÅeÕ§ ˆjG´Öi ˆh F ‰i cÉavb ˆdvKvm ‰es ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ f, ‰i cÉavb AÞ FF ‰i
cvGk, weÁ¼I ˆjG´Öi ˆmB cvGk Dci PQ jÞÅeÕ§ jÁ¼fvGe AewÕ©Z| P ˆ^GK ‰KwU AvGjvK iwkÄ
AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ ˆK±`Ê eivei I ‰KwU iwkÄ cÉavb AGÞi mgv¯¦ivGj ˆjG´Öi Ici
cÉK‡wZ : AevÕ¦e I ˆmvRv| AvcwZZ nq weGePbv KiGj cÉwZmiGYi ci ‰iv ciÕ·i Acmvix
DcGivÚ iwkÄwPò nGZ ˆ`Lv hvGœQ `yB cÉwZweÁ¼ ‰KB bq| nq| ‰àGjvGK ˆjG´Öi ˆcQb w`GK evovGj P we±`y ˆ^GK Acm†Z
nGœQ eGj gGb nq| P ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ PQ jÁ¼B  N
PQ ‰i cÉwZweÁ¼| Avgiv Rvwb, b gvaÅGg AvcZb ˆKvY,
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb: jÞÅeÕ§ ˆjG´Öi ˆh cvGk weÁ¼ I ˆjG´Öi ˆmB n = sin 1 = sin 48 = sin 48 1 = 48
cvGk jÞÅeÕ§i wcQGb ˆdvKvGmi evBGi|
b a
sin 2 sin 90 a gvaÅGg cÉwZmiY ˆKvY,
1 
cÉK‡wZ: AevÕ¦e I ˆmvRv|  anb = nb = = 1.3456 2 = 90
sin 48
AvK‡wZ: weewaÆZ|
Rvbv AvGQ, KvGPi cÉwZmiYvsK, ng = 1.5
cÉk² 78 XvKv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6 ˆhGnZz ng > nb, ˆmGnZz cvwb AGcÞv KvP AvGjvKxqfvGe AwaK Nb|
N N KvP gvaÅg
A evqy gvaÅg = a B
B O
O P Q
P Q
48
B cvwb gvaÅg
B cvwb gvaÅg = b N
A
N Avgiv Rvwb, AvGjvKiwkÄ nvjKv gvaÅg ˆ^GK Nb gvaÅGg MgGbi
‰LvGb, BON = 48, BON = 90 ‰es ca = 3 × 108 m s1 mgq cÉwZmiGYi ci AwfjGÁ¼i KvGQ mGi AvGm A^Ævr cÉwZmiY
K. AvGjvi cÉwZdjb KvGK eGj? 1 ˆKvY, AvcZb ˆKvY AGcÞv ˆQvU nq| wPGò KvP I cvwbi
L. KLb cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb nGe? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 weGf`Zj PQ| BO AvGjvK iwkÄ cvwb ˆ^GK weGf`ZGji O we±`yGZ
M. b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM wbYÆq Ki| 3 AvcwZZ nGqGQ| ‰LvGb AvcZb ˆKvY, 1= BON ‰es cÉwZmiY
N. DóxcGKi evqy gvaÅGgi cwieGZÆ KvP gvaÅg ˆbqv nGj cƒYÆ ˆKvY 2 = BON (2 < 1)| AvcZb ˆKvY hZB eo Kwi (90
AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb cvIqv mÁ¿e wKbv iwkÄwPGòi gvaÅGg chÆ¯¦) cÉwZmiY ˆKvY 90 AGcÞv ˆQvU nGe|
weGkÏlY Ki| 4 ZvB ejv hvq, wPGò evqy gvaÅGgi cwieGZÆ KvP gvaÅg nGj KLGbvB
78 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb nGe bv|
K hLb ˆKvGbv AvGjvKiwkÄ ‰K gvaÅg w`Gq PjGZ PjGZ AbÅ ‰K cÉk² 79 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
gvaÅGgi ˆKvGbv ZGj AvcwZZ nq ZLb `yB gvaÅGgi weGf`Zj nGZ
N
wKQy cwigvY AvGjv Avevi cÉ^g gvaÅGg wdGi AvGm| ‰ NUbvGK A i1
a
AvGjvi cÉwZdjb eGj| O
b
L hLb ˆKvGbv AvGjvKiwkÄ Nb gvaÅg ˆ^GK nvjKv gvaÅGgi r
B 2
AwfgyGL MgGbi ˆÞGò `yB gvaÅGgi weGf`ZGj KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvGYi ˆPGq N

êwk ˆKvGY AvcwZZ nGe ZLb cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb nGe| wbGP AvGjvKiwkÄ a gvaÅg ˆ^GK b gvaÅGg cÉGek Kivq ‰i êM ‰K-
iwkÄ wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv| Z‡Zxqvsk nËvm ˆcj| a gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM 3 × 108 m/s|
N
K. cÉwZmiYvâ KvGK eGj? 1
nvjKv gvaÅg
L. gvbyGli `yBwU ˆPvL ^vKvi myweav eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
O
A M. cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi gvb 35 nGj AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb wbYÆq
cc Ki| 3
B B
N. AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb cwieZÆb bv KGi hw` cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi
A i Nb gvaÅg
N gvb 5 e†w«¬ Kiv nq, ZvnGj b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êGMi
cvGki wPGò BO iwkÄ Nb gvaÅg nGZ nvjKv gvaÅGg MgGbi mgq Kxi…c cwieZÆb AvbGZ nGe? MvwYwZK hywÚmn gZvgZ
`yB gvaÅGgi weGf`ZGj KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY (non-Italic) ‰i ˆPGq êwk `vI| 4
gvGbi ˆKvGY AvcwZZ nIqvq OB iwkÄ cÉwZdwjZ nGq cƒGeÆi 79 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
gvaÅGg wdGi ‰GmGQ, A^Ævr cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb nGqGQ| K ‰KGRvov wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅg ‰es ˆKvGbv ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ eGYÆi
M DóxcK nGZ cvB, AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = BON = 48 AvGjvKiwkÄ ‰K gvaÅg ˆ^GK Aci gvaÅGg cÉwZm†Z nGj AvcZb
cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = BON = 90 ˆKvGYi sine I cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi sine ‰i AbycvZGK H eGYÆi
a gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, ca = 3  10 m s
8 1
AvGjvi RbÅ cÉ^g gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ w«¼Zxq gvaÅGgi cÉwZmiYvâ eGj|
b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, cb = ? L `yBwU ˆPvL w`Gq ‰KwU eÕ§ ˆ`LGj Avgiv ˆKejgvò ‰KwU
Avgiv Rvwb, eÕ§GKB ˆ`LGZ cvB| hwÌ cÉGZÅKwU ˆPvL Avcb Avcb îwUbvq
sin 1 sin BON sin 48 cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi, wK¯§ gwÕ¦Ó• `yBwU wf®² cÉwZweÁ¼GK ‰KwU
bna = = =
sin 2 sin BON sin 90
= 0.743
cÉwZweGÁ¼ cwiYZ KGi| `yBwU ˆPvL ^vKvi RbÅ `ƒiZ½ wbfzÆjfvGe
c cwigvc Kiv hvq| ZvQvov eÕ§i Zzjbvq `yBwU ˆPvGLi wewf®²
Avevi, bna = cb AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ Wvb ˆPvL eÕ§wUi Wvb w`KUv êwk ‰es evg ˆPvL
a
ev, cb = ca  bna = 3  108 m s1  0.743 eÕ§wUi evg w`KUv êwk ˆ`GL| `yB ˆPvL w`Gq eÕ§ ˆ`LGj `yBwU wf®²
= 2.229  108 m s1 (Ans.) cÉwZweGÁ¼i DcwicvZb NGU ‰es eÕ§GK fvjfvGe ˆ`Lv hvq|
M ˆ`qv AvGQ, a gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, ca = 3  108 m s1
 L PÞz ˆj´Ö KZ‡ÆK AvGjv cÉwZmwiZ nGq îwUbvq weÁ¼ MVb KGi|
 b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM,
1
cb = ca  ca îwUbv ˆ^GK gwÕ¦GÓ• MgbKvix iW I ˆKvb ˆKvGli gGaÅ ˆKvb
3 ˆKvlàGjv eYÆ msGe`bkxj| wZb aiGYi ˆKvb ˆKvl AvGQ- bxjeYÆ,
3  108
= 3  108 m s1 
3
m s1 jvjeYÆ ‰es meyR eYÆ msGe`bkxj ˆKvl| ˆKvGbv iwOb eÕ§ hLb
= 2  108 m s1 AvgvGì ˆPvGLi mvgGb AvGm, ZLb ‰B wZb aiGbi ˆKvlàGjv eÕ§i
cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 35 eYÆ AbymvGi wf®² wf®² fvGe AbyiwYZ nq| ˆKvGbv eYÆ hZB wgkÉ ev
Avgiv Rvwb, RwUj ˆnvK bv ˆKb ˆPvL mKj eYÆGK gvò wZbwU eGYÆ aviY KGi
ca 3  108 m s1 ‰es gwÕ¦GÓ• Z^Å ˆcÉiY KGi| gwÕ¦Ó• Avevi weGkl cÉwKÌqvq
anb = =
cb 2  108 m s1 eYÆàGjv Avjv`v KGi ˆ`q| ‰fvGeB Avgiv iwOb eÕ§i AvGjvKxq
= 1.5 Dcjw«¬ cvB|
Avevi,
sin 1
M

anb =
sin 2 Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, AvcZb ˆKvY,
sin 1 sin 28 1 = 28
ev, sin 1 = anb  sin 2 bna = =
sin 2 sin 45 cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 45
ev, sin 1 = 1.5  sin 35 = 0.664 a gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM,
ev, sin 1 = 0.86 Avevi, ca = 3  108 m s1
 1 = sin1 (0.86) = 59.31 (Ans.) cb
bna = c
b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, cb = ?
N ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 59.31 a
b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, cb = 2  108 m s1 ev, cb = ca  bna

a gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, ca = 3  108 m s1 = 3  108 m s1  0.664
= 1.99  108 m s1 (Ans.)
cwiewZÆZ cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 35+5 = 40
cwiewZÆZ cÉwZmiYvsK, anb nGj, N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
sin 1 sin 59.31 cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ weGf`Zj ˆNuGl ˆMGj cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 90
anb = =
sin 2 sin 40 AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = ?
= 1.3378 Avgiv Rvwb,
‰Lb, b gvaÅGg cwiewZÆZ AvGjvi êM cb nGj, sin 1
ca = n = 0.664
sin 2 b a
anb =
cb ev, sin 1 = 0.664  sin 90 = 0.664
ca 3  108 m s1
ev, cb =
1.3378
=
1.3378
 1 = 41.61
KvP gvaÅGg cƒGeÆi AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 28
= 2.24  108 m s1
AZ‰e, AvcZb ˆKvY e†w«¬ KiGZ nGe (41.61  28) = 13.61|
b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êGMi cwieZÆb ,
cb = (2.24  108 m s1  2  108 m s1) = 2.4  107 m s1
A^Ævr AvcZb ˆKvY cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq 13.61 evovGj cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ
AZ‰e, AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb cwieZÆb bv KGi hw` cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi weGf`Zj ˆNuGl hvGe|
gvb 5 e†w«¬ Kiv nq, ZvnGj b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM 2.4  107 m s1 cÉk² 81 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8
e†w«¬ KiGZ nGe|
C F C B F A
evqy 45 60 cm
1 bs wPò 2 bs wPò
K. ˆjG´Öi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê KvGK eGj? 1
28 KvP
L. ˆPvGLi DcGhvRb ÞgZv eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. 1bs wPGò ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. 2bs wPGò A I B AeÕ©vGb jÞÅeÕ§ ivLGj cÉwZweÁ¼ ˆKgb
K. ˆÕ²Gji mƒòwU wee†Z Ki| 1 nGe? iwkÄ wPòmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
L. iwOb eÕ§i AvGjvKxq Dcjwº¬ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 81 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M. KuvGP AvGjvi êM KZ? 3
K AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê nGjv ˆjG´Öi AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉavb AGÞi Dci
N. AvcZb ˆKvY KZ e†w«¬ ev nËvm KiGj cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ
AewÕ©Z ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y, hvi gGaÅ w`Gq ˆKvGbv iwkÄ AwZKÌg
weGf`Zj ˆNGl hvGe MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 KiGj cÉwZmiGYi ci ˆjG´Öi Aci c†Ó¤ w`Gq wbMÆZ nIqvi mgq
80 bs cÉGk²i Dîi AvcwZZ iwkÄi mgv¯¦ivGj wbMÆZ nq|
K ‰KGRvov wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅg I wbw`ÆÓ¡ eGYÆi AvGjvKiwkÄi ˆÞGò 
 L ˆhGKvGbv `ƒiGZ½i eÕ§ ˆ`Lvi RbÅ ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½
AvcZb ˆKvGYi mvBb ‰es cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi mvBb-‰i AbycvZ wbq¯Ÿ Kivi ÞgZvB ˆPvGLi DcGhvRb| DcGhvRb ÞgZvi KviGY
meÆ`v aË‚eK| ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi AvK‡wZ cÉGqvRb gZ e`Gj hvq, dGj ˆdvKvm
`ƒiGZ½i cwieZÆb NGU| Avi ‰B cwieZÆGbi KviGY jÞÅeÕ§i cÉk² 82 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
ˆhGKvGbv AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ ˆj´Ö ˆ^GK ‰KB `ƒiGZ½ A^Ævr îwUbvi Q
Ici m†Ó¡ weÁ¼ MwVZ nq ‰es Avgiv Zv ˆ`LGZ cvB| 30
M cÉ^gZ, ˆjG´Öi eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ `ywU| ˆh `yB ˆMvjGKi Ask wbGq gvaÅg (b)
ˆj´Ö MwVZ, ZvGì eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ mgvb bvI nGZ cvGi| w«¼ZxqZ O gvaÅg (a)
ˆj´Ö Dcv`vGbi cÉwZmiYvsGKi DcGiI ˆdvKvm `ƒi‚Z½ wbfÆi KGi| 45
weGkl ˆÞGò hw` eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ«¼q mgvb I ˆj´Ö Dcv`vGbi
r P
cÉwZmiYvsK 2 nq, ZGe  = 2 ˆjLv hvq|
 60
 ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,  = 2 = – 30cm K. cÉwZmivâ Kx? 1
L. gvbeG`Gn `y’wU ˆPvL ^vKv myweavRbK ˆKb? 2
= – 0.3m
1 1 M. (a) gvaÅGgi AvGcwÞK cÉwZmivâ wbYÆq Ki| 3
ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv, P= =
 – 0.3
=  3.33 D (Ans.) N. DóxcGKi gvaÅg `ywU ciÕ·i wewbgq Kiv nGj ‰es PO
N
 iwkÄ ‰KB AwfgyGL AvcwZZ nGj Kx NUGe? MvwYwZK
O weGkÏlYmn gZvgZ `vI| 4
82 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
O K ‰K ˆRvov wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅg I ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ eGYÆi AvGjvKiwkÄ ‰K

C gvaÅg ˆ^GK Aci gvaÅGg cÉwZm†Z nGj AvcZb ˆKvGYi mvBb ‰es
F A P A cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi mvBGbi AbycvZGK H eGYÆi AvGjvi RbÅ cÉ^g
gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ w«¼Zxq gvaÅGgi cÉwZmiYvâ eGj|
L `yBwU ˆPvL w`Gq ‰KwU eÕ§ ˆ`LGj Avgiv ˆKejgvò ‰KwU
eÕ§GKB ˆ`LGZ cvB| hwÌ cÉGZÅKwU ˆPvL Avcb Avcb îwUbvq
‰Lb, aiv hvK, OA jÞÅeÕ§wU `cÆGYi cÉavb ˆdvKvm (F) I ˆgi‚i
cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi, wK¯§ gwÕ¦Ó• `yBwU wf®² cÉwZweÁ¼GK ‰KwU
(P) gvGS AewÕ©Z| O ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ
cÉwZweGÁ¼ cwiYZ KGi| `yBwU ˆPvL ^vKvi RbÅ `ƒiZ½ wbfzÆjfvGe
cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb ˆdvKvm F w`Gq hvGe ‰es eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ
eivei Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci ‰KB cG^ wdGi AvmGe| cwigvc Kiv hvq| ZvQvov eÕ§i Zzjbvq `yBwU ˆPvGLi wewf®²
cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼qGK wcQGbi w`GK ewaÆZ KiGj Zviv O we±`yGZ AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ Wvb ˆPvL eÕ§wUi Wvb w`KUv êwk ‰es evg ˆPvL
wgwjZ nq A^Ævr cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q `cÆGbi w`GK O we±`y ˆ^GK eÕ§wUi evg w`KUv êwk ˆ`GL| `yB ˆPvL w`Gq eÕ§ ˆ`LGj `yBwU wf®²
wbMÆZ nGœQ eGj gGb nq| myZivs O nGe O we±`yi AevÕ¦e cÉwZweGÁ¼i DcwicvZb NGU ‰es eÕ§GK fvjfvGe ˆ`Lv hvq|
cÉwZweÁ¼| O ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼ OA nGe OA- M

‰i AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq- Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ,
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : `cÆGYi wcQGb sin 1 sin 45 AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 45
anb = =
cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ : AevÕ¦e ‰es wmav sin 2 sin 30 cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 30
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ 1
a-gvaÅg mvGcGÞ b gvaÅGgi
Avevi aiv hvK, `cÆYwUi cÉavb AÞ PC-‰i Dci jÁ¼ ‰KwU 2
= = 2 cÉwZmiYvâ, anb = ?
jÞÅeÕZz BO, hv eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê C I cÉavb ˆdvKvm F ‰i gvGS 1
2
AewÕ©Z| O ˆ^GK AvMZ cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj iwkÄ OQ
cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb ˆdvKvm F w`Gq hvGe ‰es cÉavb ˆdvKvm F  (a) gvaÅGgi AvGcwÞK cÉwZmivâ A^Ævr b gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ a
1 1
Mvgx Aci ‰KwU iwkÄ cÉwZdjGbi ci cÉavb AGÞi mgv±Zivj fvGe gvaÅGgi cÉwZmivâ bna = n = (Ans.)
a b 2
wbMÆZ nGe| cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| myZivs O
nGe O we±`yi evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| O ˆ^GK cÉavb AGÞi Dci AwâZ N M bs nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq anb > 1 myZivs b gvaÅg a gvaÅg AGcÞv
jÁ¼ BO nGe BO-‰i evÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼| wPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq- Nb| ‰Lb gvaÅg«¼q ciÕ·i Õ©vb wewbgq KiGj AvGjvK iwkÄ Nb
ˆ^GK nvjKv gvaÅGgi weGf` ZGj AvcwZZ nGe| ‰GÞGò Kx NUGe
O
Q Zv wbfÆi KiGe AvcZb ˆKvY I msKU ˆKvGYi gvGb Dci| msKU
ˆKvY c nGj Avgiv cvB,
A
B C F 1
P anb =
A
B sin c
ev, sinc = 1 = 1
anb 2
O R
 c = 45
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb : eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê I AmxGgi gvGS ˆhGnZz AvcZb ˆKvY 1 = 45 = C, ˆmGnZz ‰GÞGò cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY
cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ : evÕ¦e ‰es DGÎŸv cÉwZdjb NUGe bv| eis cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi gvb nGe 90 A^Ævr
cÉwZweGÁ¼i AvK‡wZ : weewaÆZ cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ gvaÅg«¼Gqi weGf`Zj ˆNuGl PGj hvGe|
cÉk² 83 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6nIqvi welqwU wPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvGbv nGjv| O we±`y ˆ^GK AvMZ
Acmvix iwkÄàœQ Dîj ˆjG´Ö AvcwZZ nIqvi ci ‰Gì AcmvwiZv
A I B `yB eÅwÚi ò‚wUMÉÕ¦ ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`y I `ƒi we±`y wbGÁ²i
‰KUz KGg hvq| ‰ iwkÄ àœQGK wcQGbi w`GK ewaÆZ KiGj Zviv O
QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| A^Ævr ˆPvGLi wbKU
eÅwÚ ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`y ˆPvGLi `ƒi we±`y
A 15 cm 100 cm
iwkÄàœQ O we±`y ˆ^GK AvmGQ eGj gGb nq| ‰GÞGò O nGœQ O
B 35 cm Amxg ‰i AevÕ¦e weÁ¼|
K. AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê Kx? 1 cÉk² 84 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5
L. `ƒi-`ƒivG¯¦ Še`yÅwZK msGKZ ˆcÉiGY AcwUKÅvj dvBevi wbGPi DóxcKwU co ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI
eÅenvi myweavRbK ˆKb? 2 30 cm
M. A eÅwÚi eÅen†Z Pkgvi ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. B eÅwÚi Pkgvi ˆj´Ö KxfvGe cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi Zv 2F F F 2F
iwkÄwPGòi gvaÅGg weGkÏlY Ki| 4
83 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K. ˆj´Ö KvGK eGj? 1
K AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê nGjv ‰KwU ˆjG´Öi AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉavb AGÞi Dci L. eÅvµ¦ cÉwZdjb eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
AewÕ©Z ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y, hvi gaÅ w`Gq ˆKvGbv iwkÄ AwZKÌg M. ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3
KiGj cÉwZmiGYi ci ˆjG´Öi Aci c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK wbMÆZ nIqvi mgq N. DóxcGKi ˆj´ÖwUi mvnvGhÅ KxfvGe ˆPvGLi ò‚wU `ƒi Kiv
AvcwZZ iwkÄi mgv¯¦ivjfvGe wbMÆZ nq| hvq? wPòmn ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
L `ƒi-`ƒivG¯¦ Še`yÅwZK msGKZ ˆcÉiGY AcwUKÅvj dvBevi eÅenvi 84 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
myweavRbK| KviY ‰GZ AvGjvi cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi agÆ  K `ywU ˆMvjxq c†Ó¤ «¼viv mxgve«¬ ˆKvGbv Õ¼œQ cÉwZmviK gvaÅgGK
eÅenvi KGi AvGjvi MwZGZ ˆKvGbv Z^Å cvVvGbv mÁ¿e nq| ‰QvovI ˆj´Ö eGj|
AcwUKÅvj dvBevGii eÅv´£DBW^ AGbK DœP nGq ^vGK| ‰i dGj
L hw` ‰KàœQ mgv¯¦ivj AvGjvKiwkÄ ˆKvGbv ZGj AvcwZZ nGq
ˆ`Lv hvq cÉvq 2000 ÛwjGdvb msGKZGK ‰K mGã ‰KwU cÉwZdjGbi ci Avi mgv¯¦ivj bv ^vGK ev Awfmvix ev Acmvix iwkÄàGœQ
AcwUKÅvj dvBevGii gaÅ w`Gq mçvjb Kiv hvq| ‰GZ cwiYZ bv nq, ZGe ‰ aiGbi cÉwZdjbGK eÅvµ¦ cÉwZdjb eGj|
msGKZàGjvi ZxeËZvi cÉvq ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv|
M A eÅwÚi ˆPvGL `yB aiGbi mgmÅv iGqGQ| ZvB KvGQi eÕ§
ˆ`Lvi RbÅ ‰es `ƒGii eÕ§ ˆ`Lvi RbÅ `yB aiGbi ˆj´Ö eÅenvi
KiGZ nGe| wPGò, ‰KàœQ mgv¯¦ivj AvGjvKiwkÄ ‰KwU Agm†Y ZGj AvcwZZ
wbKU we±`yi ˆÞGò: nGœQ| ‰GÞGò iwkÄàGjv Agm†Y ZGji wewf®² AvcZb we±`yGZ wewf®²
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, AvcZb ˆKvGY AvcwZZ nq, dGj ‰ mKj iwkÄi AvbylwãK
1 1 1 u = 25 cm = 0.25 m
+ = =P
u v f v = –15 cm = – 0.15 m cÉwZdjb ˆKvYI wewf®² nq| hvi dGj cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄàGjv Avi
1 1 1 mgv¯¦ivj ^vGK bv|
P = + P= =?
0.25 – 0.15 f
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

= – 2.67 D (Ans.)  30
`ƒi we±`yi ˆÞGò : ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,  = 2 = – 15cm [ˆj´ÖwU AeZj]
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, u =  = – 0.15m
1 1 1 v = – 100cm = – 1m 1 1
P= = +
f v u 1 ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv, P= =
 – 0.15
=  6.67 D (Ans.)
P= =?
1 1 f
P= + = – 1D (Ans.)
–1  N cÉ`î ˆj´ÖwU AeZj ˆj´Ö| ‰ ˆj´Ö «¼viv ˆPvGLi nËÕ¼ `†wÓ¡ `ƒi Kiv
hvq| ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv êGo ˆMGj nËÕ¼ `†wÓ¡ ò‚wUi D«¿e nq|
N B eÅwÚ `xNÆ `†wÓ¡ mÁ·®²| Zvi ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`yi `ƒiZ½ 35 cm
hv 25 cm AGcÞv êwk| ‰RbÅ ZvGK ‰gb ‰KwU Dîj ˆj´Ö
I
eÅenvi KiGZ nGe ˆhb 25 cm `ƒiGZ½ Õ©vwcZ eÕ§i ‰KwU AevÕ¦e
weÁ¼ 35 cm `ƒiGZ½ MwVZ nq| (K)
O
O O
(L)
aiv hvK, 25 cm `ƒiGZ½ O we±`yGZ Õ©vwcZ eÕ§ ˆPvL ˆ`LGZ cvq bv wK¯§ O
35 cm `ƒiGZ½ O we±`yGZ Õ©vwcZ eÕ§ ˆPvL ˆ`LGZ cvq| ‰KwU Dîj
(M)
ˆj´Ö eÅenvi KGi O we±`yGZ Õ©vwcZ ˆKvGbv eÕ§i weÁ¼ O we±`yGZ MwVZ
nËÕ¼ `†wÓ¡i ˆÞGò Amxg `ƒGii ˆKvGbv we±`y ˆ^GK AvMZ mgv±Zivj ZvQvov ‰Kgvò Dîj ˆj´ÖB ‰KB cvGk jÞÅeÕ§i ˆPGqI `ƒGi ˆmvRv
iwkÄàœQ PÞz ˆjG´Öi wKÌqvq îwUbvi mÁÃyGL I we±`yGZ cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb AevÕ¦e cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi| ‰GÞGò ZvB ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi mvgGb mnvqK
KGi (wPò- K) dGj ˆPvL Zv ˆ`LGZ cvq bv| wK±Zz Õ·Ó¡ `kÆGbi ˆj´Ö ev Pkgv wnGmGe ‰gb ÞgZv Z^v ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ wewkÓ¡ Dîj ˆj´Ö
mGeÆvœP `ƒGii O we±`y ˆ^GK AvMZ iwkÄàœQ îwUbvq cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb eÅenvi KiGZ nGe hv Õ¼vfvweK ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`y N- ‰ Õ©vwcZ
KGi (wPò- L) ‰es ˆPvL Zv ˆ`LGZ cvq| Amxg `ƒGii ˆKvGbv we±`y jÞÅeÕ§i weÁ¼ ò‚wU-cƒYÆ ˆPvGLi wbKUwe±`y O ˆZ MVb KGi|
ˆ^GK AvMZ mgv±Zivj iwkÄàœQGK ˆPvGL AvcwZZ nIqvi cƒGeÆ hw` cÉk² 86 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5
‰gbfvGe Acmvix Kiv hvq ˆhb Zv O ˆ^GK AvmGQ eGj gGb nq M
(wPò- M), ZGe ˆPvL ZvGK O we±`yGZ ˆ`LGZ cvGe| mgv±Zivj
iwkÄàœQGK Acmvix àGœQ cwiYZ Kiv hvq AeZj ˆj´Ö «¼viv| 2f f
myZivs, Amxg `ƒGii ˆKvGbv eÕ§GK ˆ`LGZ nGj ˆPvGLi mvgGb ‰gb O
‰KwU AeZj ˆjG´Öi Pkgv
eÅenvi KiGZ nGe ˆhb eÕ§i ‰KwU AevÕ¦e ˆmvRv cÉwZweÁ¼ ò‚wUcƒYÆ 40 cm M
ˆPvGLi `ƒiwe±`y O ˆZ MwVZ nq| K. eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê Kx? 1

L. wPwKrmvGÞGò AcwUKÅvj dvBevGii eÅenvi wjL| 2
cÉk² 85 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6 M. ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3
bvwdGmi `v`y KvGQi wRwbm Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvb bv| PÞzGivM weGklæ N. DÚ ˆj´ÖwU ˆPvGLi Kx aiGbi ò‚wU `ƒixKiGY mnvqK?
`v`yGK + 2.25D ÞgZvmÁ·®² ˆj´Ö Pkgv wnmvGe eÅenvi Kivi wPòmn eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
civgkÆ w`Gjb| 86 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K. ˆj´Ö KvGK eGj? 1 K ˆjG´Öi ˆKvGbv c†Ó¤ ˆh ˆMvjGKi Ask weGkl ˆmB ˆMvjGKi
L. ˆPvGLi mvgGb gkvj Lye `Ë‚Z NyivGj AvàGbi e†î ˆ`Lv hvq ˆKb? 2 ˆK±`ÊGK ˆjG´Öi H c†GÓ¤i eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê eGj|
M. `v`yi Pkgvi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki|  3
L wPwKrmv ˆÞGò ‰G´£vÕ•wc ‰i gvaÅGg cvKÕ©jxi ÞZ, iÚevnx
N. `v`yGK abvñK ÞgZvi ˆj´Ö eÅenvGii civgkÆ ˆèvi agbx ev wkivi eÐK Aêv n†`wcGíi fvjfàGjvi wKÌqv ˆ`Lvi RbÅ
ˆhŒwÚKZv wPòmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
AcwUKÅvj dvBevi eÅen†Z nq| AcwUKÅvj dvBevGii AvGjvi cƒYÆ
85 bs cÉGk²i Dîi AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi aGgÆi RbÅ ˆ`Gni AfÅ¯¦Gii Aã-cÉZÅã
K `ywU ˆMvjxq c†Ó¤ «¼viv mxgve«¬ ˆKvGbv Õ¼œQ cÉwZmviK gvaÅgGK ˆ^GK cÉwZdwjZ AvGjv Lye mnGRB evBGi ‰Gm aiv ˆ`q| dGj
ˆj´Ö eGj| Avgiv Zv ˆ`LGZ cvB|
L ˆPvGLi mvgGb ˆKvGbv eÕ§ ivLGj îwUbvq Zvi cÉwZweÁ¼ MwVZ  M
nq ‰es Avgiv eÕ§wUGK ˆ`LGZ cvB| ‰Lb hw` eÕ§wUGK ˆPvGLi Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
mvgGb ˆ^GK mwiGq ˆbIqv nq ZvnGj mwiGq ˆbIqvi 0.03 ˆmGK´£ P = = 1 1
= 5 D (Ans.) ˆj´ÖwUi, 2f = 40 cm
f 0.2
chÆ¯¦ ‰i `kÆb Abyf„wZ gwÕ¦GÓ• ˆ^GK hvq| ˆPvGLi mvgGb gkvj `Ë‚Z  ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,
40
MwZGZ NyivGj ‰wU e†îvKvi cG^ 0.03s ‰i ˆPGq Kg mgGq AeÕ©vb f= cm = 20 cm = 0.2 m
2
cwieZÆb KGi ˆdGj eGj ˆPvGL gkvjGK AvàGbi e†Gîi gGZv ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv, P = ?
ˆ`Lvq|
N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆj´ÖwU Dîj ˆj´Ö| ‰ ˆj´ÖwU ˆPvGLi `xNÆ
M `†wÓ¡ ò‚wU `ƒixKiGYi RbÅ mnvqK| wbGP wPòmn `xNÆ `†wÓ¡ ò‚wU
Avgiv Rvwb, P = f
1 ˆÌqv AvGQ, `ƒixKiGY Dîj ˆjG´Öi eÅenvi eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv|
Pkgvi ÞgZv, P = + 2.25 D
1 1
ev, f = P = +2.25 ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = ?
O I
= 0.44 m = 44 cm (Ans.)
N Avgiv Rvwb Dîj ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv abvñK| `v`yGK abvñK
(K)
ÞgZvmÁ·®² ˆj´Ö ev Dîj ˆj´Ö eÅenvGii civgkÆ ˆèvi ˆhŒwÚKZv
wbGP wPGòi mvnvGhÅ weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv|
bvwdGmi `v`y KvGQi wRwbm Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvb bv eGj Avgiv ejGZ O
I
cvwi Zvi ˆPvGL `xNÆ`†wÓ¡ ò‚wU iGqGQ| ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix
ÞgZv KGg hvIqvi KviGY `xNÆ `†wÓ¡ ò‚wUi D«¿e nq| ‰B ò‚wU `ƒi (L)
KiGZ ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv evovGZ nq| ‰RbÅ mnvqK
ˆj´Ö wnGmGe Dîj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi Kiv nq|
O
25 cm O
I
(M)
`xNÆ `†wÓ¡i ˆÞGò KvGQi ˆKvGbv we±`y O ˆ^GK AvMZ iwkÄàœQ PÞz ev, sin 1 = 0.664  sin 90 = 0.664
ˆjG´Öi wKÌqvq îwUbvi wcQGb I we±`yGZ cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi (wPò-  1 = 41.61
K) dGj ˆPvL Zv ˆ`LGZ cvq bv| wK¯§ ò‚wUcƒYÆ ˆPvGLi Õ·Ó¡ `kÆGbi KvP gvaÅGg cƒGeÆi AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 28
wbKUZg we±`y O ˆ^GK AvMZ iwkÄàœQ PÞz ˆjG´Öi wKÌqvq îwUbvq AZ‰e, AvcZb ˆKvY e†w«¬ KiGZ nGe (41.61  28) = 13.61|
cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi (wPò-L) ‰es ˆPvL Zv ˆ`LGZ cvq| ‰Lb hw` A^Ævr AvcZb ˆKvY cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq 13.61 evovGj cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ
KvGQi we±`y O ˆ^GK AvMZ Acmvix iwkÄàœQGK ˆPvGL AvcwZZ weGf`Zj ˆNuGl hvGe|
nIqvi cƒGeÆ Dîj ˆjG´Öi mvnvGhÅ AcmvwiZv ‰KUz KwgGq ‰gb cÉk² 88 hGkvi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 4
Kiv hvq ˆhb Zv O ˆ^GK AvmGQ eGj gGb nq (wPò-M), ZGe ˆPvL A
Zv O we±`yGZ ˆ`LGZ cvGe|

evqy 60 B
45
evqy
cvwb
K. KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY KvGK eGj? 1

28 KvP L. cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi kZÆàGjv Kx? 2
M. AB AvGjvKiwkÄ cvwbGZ cÉGek Kivi ci 11 w`K
K. ˆÕ²Gji mƒòwU wee†Z Ki| 1 cwieZÆb KiGj evqy mvGcGÞ cvwbi cÉwZmiYvâ wbYÆq Ki|3
L. iwOb eÕ§i AvGjvKxq Dcjwº¬ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 N. DóxcGKi cvòwU mgyG`Ëi cvwb «¼viv cƒYÆ KiGj
M. KuvGP AvGjvi êM KZ? 3 cÉwZmiYvGâi gvb 1.40 nGj AvGjvKiwkÄ AvcwZZ iwkÄ
N. AvcZb ˆKvY KZ e†w«¬ ev nËvm KiGj cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ ˆ^GK KZUv êuGK hvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
weGf`Zj ˆNGl hvGe MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 88 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
87 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K wbw`ÆÓ¡ iGOi AvGjvKiwkÄ Nb gvaÅg ˆ^GK nvjKv gvaÅGg
K ‰KGRvov wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅg I wbw`ÆÓ¡ eGYÆi AvGjvKiwkÄi ˆÞGò wZmiGYi mgq AvcZb ˆKvGYi ˆh gvGbi RbÅ cÉwZmiY ˆKvY ‰K
cÉ
AvcZb ˆKvGYi mvBb ‰es cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi mvBb-‰i AbycvZ mgGKvY nq, ZvGK H nvjKv gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ Nb gvaÅGgi KÌvw¯¦
meÆ`v aË‚eK| ˆKvY eGj|
L PÞz ˆj´Ö KZ‡ÆK AvGjv cÉwZmwiZ nGq îwUbvq weÁ¼ MVb KGi|  L cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi kZÆ `yBwU| h^v:
i. AvGjvK iwkÄGK AekÅB Nb gvaÅg ˆ^GK nvjKv gvaÅGgi
îwUbv ˆ^GK gwÕ¦GÓ• MgbKvix iW I ˆKvb ˆKvGli gGaÅ ˆKvb
ˆKvlàGjv eYÆ msGe`bkxj| wZb aiGYi ˆKvb ˆKvl AvGQ- bxjeYÆ, AwfgyGL ˆhGZ nGe ‰es `yB gvaÅGgi weGf` ZGj AvcwZZ
nGZ nGe|
jvjeYÆ ‰es meyR eYÆ msGe`bkxj ˆKvl| ˆKvGbv iwOb eÕ§ hLb
ii. Nb gvaÅGg AvcZb ˆKvY KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvGYi ˆPGq eo nGZ nGe|
AvgvGì ˆPvGLi mvgGb AvGm, ZLb ‰B wZb aiGbi ˆKvlàGjv eÕ§i
eYÆ AbymvGi wf®² wf®² fvGe AbyiwYZ nq| ˆKvGbv eYÆ hZB wgkÉ ev  M ‰LvGb, AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 90  60 = 30
RwUj ˆnvK bv ˆKb ˆPvL mKj eYÆGK gvò wZbwU eGYÆ aviY KGi Avgiv Rvwb, AvGjvK iwkÄ evqy ˆ^GK cvwbGZ cÉGek KiGj cÉwZmwiZ
‰es gwÕ¦GÓ• Z^Å ˆcÉiY KGi| gwÕ¦Ó• Avevi weGkl cÉwKÌqvq iwkÄ AwfjGÁ¼i w`GK êuGK hvq|
eYÆàGjv Avjv`v KGi ˆ`q| ‰fvGeB Avgiv iwOb eÕ§i AvGjvKxq  cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = (30  11)
Dcjw«¬ cvB| = 19
evqyi mvGcGÞ cvwbi cÉwZmiYvâ, anw = ?
M
Avgiv Rvwb, anw = sin 1
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, AvcZb ˆKvY, sin 2
sin 1 sin 28 1 = 28 sin 30
bna = = =
sin 2 sin 45 cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 45 sin 19
= 0.664 a gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, anw = 1.54 (Ans.)
Avevi, ca = 3  108 m s1 N

cb b gvaÅGg AvGjvi êM, cb = ?
bna = c Avgiv Rvwb, anw = sin 1 ‰LvGb,
a
ev, cb = ca  bna
sin 2 evqyi mvGcGÞ mgyG`Ëi cvwbi
sin 30 cÉwZmiYvâ,
= 3  108 m s1  0.664 ev, 1.40 =
sin r
anw = 1.40
= 1.99  108 m s1 (Ans.) sin 30
ev, sin 2 = AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = 30
N ˆÌqv AvGQ, 1.40
cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = ?
cÉwZmwiZ iwkÄ weGf`Zj ˆNuGl ˆMGj cÉwZmiY ˆKvY, 2 = 90 ev, sin 2 = 0.357
AvcZb ˆKvY, 1 = ? ev, 2 = sin1 (0.357)
Avgiv Rvwb, ev, 2 = 20.92
sin 1 AvGjvKiwkÄ AvcwZZ iwkÄ nGZ AwfjGÁ¼i w`GK
= n = 0.664
sin 2 b a (30  20.92) = 9.08 êuGK hvq| (Ans.)
cÉk² 89 XvKv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 5 cÉk² 90 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4
kvwKj 20cm ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i ‰KwU Dîj ˆj´Ö wbGq eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê cvwb
nGZ 30cm `ƒGi cÉavb AGÞi Dci ‰KwU jÞÅeÕ¦y îGL ˆjG´Öi nw = 1.33
wecixZ cvGk iwÞZ c`Ævq cÉwZweÁ¼ ˆ`LGZ ˆcj| KvP
K. AvGjvi cÉwZmiY KvGK eGj? 1
L. KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY gƒjZ ‰KwU AvcZb ˆKvY@eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 ng = 1.52
M. DwÍÏwLZ ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv KZ? 3

N. jÞÅeÕ¦ywU hw` cƒeÆveÕ©v nGZ ˆjG´Öi w`GK 15cm mivGbv K. AvGjvi cÉwZdjGbi mƒò wjL| 1
nq ZGe weGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb ˆ`Lvi RbÅ kvwKjGK Kx eÅeÕ©v L. `ycyi êjv cÉPí îvG`Ë Dîµ¦ evjyPGi nuvUvi mgq AbwZ`ƒGi
wbGZ nGe, iwkÄwPGòi mvnvGhÅ Zv DcÕ©vcb Ki| 4 Rjivwk AvGQ eGj gGb nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
89 bs cÉGk²i Dîi M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cvwbi mvGcGÞ KuvGPi cÉwZmiYvâ
K ‰K Õ¼œQ I mgmî½ gvaÅg nGZ Aci ‰K Õ¼œQ I mgmî½ gvaÅGg wbYÆq Ki| 3
AvGjvK iwkÄi MgbKvGj w`K cwieZÆb Kivi NUbvGK AvGjvi N. KvP nGZ cvwbGZ cÉwZmiGYi ˆÞGò AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb
cÉwZmiY eGj| KZ AGcÞv êwk nGj cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb NUGe? 4
90 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L Nb gvaÅg nGZ nvjKv gvaÅGg AvGjvi cÉwZmiGYi êjvq
AvcZb ˆKvGYi ˆh gvGbi RbÅ cÉwZmiY ˆKvY mGeÆvœP (90) nq  K cÉwZdjGbi `ywU mƒò iGqGQ|
A^Ævr cÉwZm†Z iwkÄ gvaÅg«¼Gqi weGf`Zj ˆNuGl hvq, ZvGK nvjKv i. AvcwZZ iwkÄ, AvcZb we±`yGZ weGf`ZGji Dci AwâZ
gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ Nb gvaÅGgi KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY eGj| myZivs msævbymvGi, AwfjÁ¼ I cÉwZdwjZ iwkÄ ‰KB mgZGj ^vGK|
KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY gƒjZ ‰KwU AvcZb ˆKvY| ii. AvcZb ˆKvY I cÉwZdjb ˆKvY ciÕ·i mgvb|
L `ycyi êjv cÉPí îvG`Ë Dîµ¦ evjyPGi nuvUvi mgq AbwZ`ƒGi
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, Rjivwk AvGQ eGj gGb nIqvi KviY gixwPKv| AvGjvi cƒYÆ
Dîj ˆj´ÖwUi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = + 20cm = + 0.2m AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjGbi KviGY gixwPKv m†wÓ¡ nq| `ycyiGejv mƒGhÆi
êi KiGZ nGe, ‰i ÞgZv, P = ? cÉPí ZvGc Dîµ¦ evwj msj™² evqy Dîµ¦ nGq nvjKv nq ‰es DcGii
1 1
Avgiv Rvwb, P =  = + 0.2m = + 5m = + 5D (Ans.)
–1 w`GK hvIqvi mgq KÌgk NbZi nGZ ^vGK| DuPz ˆKvb jÞÅeÕ¦y ˆ^GK
AvGjvKiwkÄ cw^GKi ˆPvGL Avmvi mgq NbZi gvaÅg ˆ^GK jNyZi
N jÞÅeÕ¦ywUi Avw` AeÕ©vb wQj ˆj´ÖwUi eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê nGZ gvaÅGg cÉGek KGi chÆvqKÌwgK cÉwZmiGYi dGj ‰Kmgq AvcZb
30cm `ƒGi cÉavb AGÞi Dci| jÞÅeÕ¦ywU hw` cƒeÆveÕ©vb nGZ ˆKvY, msKU ˆKvY AGcÞv eo nGq hvIqvq cƒYÆAfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb
ˆjG´Öi w`GK 15cm mivGbv nq ZGe jÞÅeÕ¦ywUi bZyb AeÕ©vb nGe NGU ‰es cw^GKi ˆPvGL jÞÅeÕ¦yi DÎŸv weÁ¼ aiv cGo| ˆhGnZz,
Dîj ˆj´Ö nGZ (2  20cm + 30 cm – 15cm) = 55cm > 2  20 Avgiv wbî cvwbGZ AvKvGki weÁ¼ ˆ`GL AfÅÕ¦, ZvB cw^GKi KvGQ
cm A^Ævr jÞÅeÕ¦yi AeÕ©vb Dîj ˆj´Ö nGZ 2f `ƒiGZ½i evBGi| gGb nq Zvi AbwZ`ƒGi Rjivwk AvGQ ‰es Zvi cÉwZdjb NGUGQ|
myZivs cÉwZweGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb nGe ˆjG´Öi Aci cvGk ˆj´Ö nGZ f ‰es  M ‰LvGb,
2f `ƒiGZ½i gGaÅ| A^Ævr ˆj´Ö nGZ cÉwZweGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½ x nGj, 20cm < evqyi mvGcGÞ cvwbi cÉwZmiYvâ, n = 1.33
a w
x < 40 cm| cÉwZweÁ¼ jÞÅeÕ¦yi mvGcGÞ DÎŸv ‰es LweÆZ nGe| evqyi mvGcGÞ KvGPi cÉwZmiYvâ, n = 1.52
a g
mswkÏÓ¡ iwkÄwPò wbÁ²i…c: cvwbi mvGcGÞ KvGPi cÉwZmiYvâ, n = ? w g
L
ang 1.52
P Avgiv Rvwb, wng = n = 1.33 = 1.143
a w
F2 Q 2F2  cvwbi mvGcGÞ KvGPi cÉwZmiYvâ 1.143 (Ans.)
O
Q 2F1 F1
P N Avgiv Rvwb, AvGjvKiwkÄ Nb gvaÅg ˆ^GK nvjKv gvaÅGg
hvIqvi mgq AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb msKU ˆKvGYi ˆPGq eo nGj
L
ˆmwU cÉwZmiGYi cwieGZÆ Nb gvaÅGgi AfÅ¯¦Gi cƒYÆ cÉwZdwjZ nq|
‰Lb, ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 20cm
gGb Kwi, msKU ˆKvY, c nGj cÉwZmiY ˆKvY = 90
jÞ eÕ§i `ƒiZ½, u = 55 cm 1 1
weGÁ¼i `ƒiZ½, v = ? ‰es KvP mvGcGÞ cvwbi cÉwZmiYvâ, gnw = n = 1.143 = 0.875
w g
1 1 1 sinc
Avgiv Rvwb, v + u = f  gnw =
sin90
1 1 1 1 1 7
ev, v = u  f = 20 cm – 55 cm = 220 cm ev, sinc = gnw  sin90
220 cm ev, sinc = 0.875  1
v= = 31.43 cm ev, c = 61.04
7
A^Ævr cieZxÆ AeÕ©vGb weÁ¼ ˆ`LGZ nGj kvwKjGK ˆjG´Öi 31.43 myZivs, KvP nGZ cvwbGZ cÉwZmiGYi ˆÞGò AvcZb ˆKvGYi gvb
cm wcQGb c`ÆvwUGK Õ©vcb KiGZ nGe| 61.04 AGcÞv êwk nGj cƒYÆ AfÅ¯¦ixY cÉwZdjb NUGe|
cÉk² 91 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4 92 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
P K ˆKvGbv ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ev Acmvix Kivi mvg^ÆÅGK Zvi ÞgZv
1 eGj|
L wigv FYvñK ev Acmvix ÞgZvi ˆj´Ö eÅenvi KGi| myZivs, ˆm
A O B
nËÕ¼`†wÓ¡ ò‚wUGZ AvKÌv¯¦| ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv êGo ˆMGj
b gvaÅg (b) (ev ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ KGg ˆMGj) Aêv PÞz ˆMvjGKi AvKvi eo nGq
yR ab= 1.414 ˆMGj ˆPvGL ‰B ò‚wU ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ‰i…c ò‚wU mÁ·®² ˆPvL KvGQi
eÕ§mgƒn Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ ˆcGjI `ƒGii eÕ§mgƒn Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvq bv|
K. AÅvKzqvm wnDgvi KvGK eGj? 1 cÉGqvRbxq ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i AeZj ev Acmvix ÞgZvi Pkgv
L. a ‰es b gvaÅGgi gGaÅ ˆKvb gvaÅgwU êwk Nb? eÅvLÅv eÅenvGi ˆPvGLi ‰B ò‚wU `ƒi Kiv hvq|
Ki| 2 M DóxcK gGZ ‰es AeZj ˆjG´Öi cÉavb ˆdvKvGmi msævbymvGi,
M. b gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ a gvaÅGgi cÉwZmiYvâ wbYÆq Ki| 3 DÚ AeZj ˆjG´Öi cÉavb ˆdvKvm ˆjG´Öi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê nGZ x cm
N. 1 = 0 nGj cÉwZm†Z iwkÄwU ˆKvb cG^ hvGe? ˆÕ²Gji mƒGòi `ƒiGZ½ AewÕ©Z| A^Ævr AeZj ˆj´ÖwUi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,
AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 x
91 bs cÉGk²i Dîi  =  x cm = 
100
m
K KwYÆqv I PÞz ˆjG´Öi gaÅeZÆx ˆh Õ©vbwU cwiÓ•vi jeYvÚ `ËeGY Avevi, ˆÌqv AvGQ, AeZj ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv,

cƒYÆ ^vGK, ZvGK AÅvKzqvm wnDgvi eGj| P =  2.25D =  2.25m1
L a I b gvaÅGgi gGaÅ b gvaÅgwU êwk Nb| KviY AvGjvK iwkÄ Avgiv Rvwb, P = 1
nvjKv gvaÅg ˆ^GK Nb gvaÅGg cÉGek KiGj AwfjGÁ¼i w`GK mGi 
hvq ‰es cÉ`î wPò nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq AvGjvK iwkÄ a ˆ^GK b ˆ^GK ev,  2.25m1 = x
1
=
100 1
m
x
hvIqvi mgq AwfjGÁ¼i w`GK mGi wMGqGQ| myZivs b gvaÅGgi NbZ½  m
100
êwk|
100
M Avgiv Rvwb,
 x=
2.25
= 44.44 cm
1 ‰LvGb,  x ‰i gvb 44.44 cm (Ans.)
anb=
bna
a gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ b gvaÅGgi
1 N wigvi ˆPvL nËÕ¼`†wÓ¡ ev ÞxY`†wÓ¡ ò‚wUGZ AvKÌv¯¦| ‰ ˆPvGLi
ev, bna =  cÉwZmiYvâ, anb = 1.414
a b
b gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ a gvaÅGgi
ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv Õ¼vfvweGKi Zzjbvq êwk| ZvB `ƒieZÆx
1
=
1.414 cÉwZmiYvâ, ba = ? ˆKvGbv eÕ§ nGZ ˆh AvGjvK iwkÄàœQ AvGm Zv PÞzGjG´Ö cÉwZmiGYi
= 0.71 ci îwUbvi mvgGb ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ ˆdvKvm KGi, A^Ævr `ƒieZÆx eÕ§i
N 1 = 0 nGj AvGjvK iwkÄ AwfjÁ¼ eivei cÉwZmwiZ nGe| cÉwZweÁ¼ MwVZ nq îwUbvi mvgGbi ˆKvGbv AeÕ©vGb, îwUbvi Ici
ˆÕ²Gji mƒòvbymvGi, AvcZb ˆKvGYi mvBb ‰es cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi bq| ZvB ‰i…c ˆPvL `ƒieZÆx eÕ§mgƒn Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvq bv| ‰
mvBGbi AbycvZ ‰KwU aË‚e msLÅv ‰GK gvaÅGgi cÉwZmiYvâ eGj| msKÌv¯¦ iwkÄwPò wbÁ²i…c
sin 
A^Ævr anb = sin 2 ‰LvGb,
2 1 = 0 = AvcZb ˆKvY
sin0 2 = cÉwZmiY ˆKvY
ev, 1.414 = sin 
anb = 1.414 = a gvaÅGgi mvGcGÞ
2
0
ev, sin 2 = 1.414 b gvaÅGgi cÉwZmiYvâ
ev, sin 2 = 0 = sin0 wK¯§ nËÕ¼`†wÓ¡ ò‚wU mÁ·®² ˆPvL KvGQi eÕ§ nGZ (2q wPGòi O we±`y)
 2 = 0
AvMZ iwkÄmgƒnGK Lye êwk euvKvGZ (ev Awfmvix KiGZ) cvGi bv
A^Ævr AvGjvK iwkÄ ˆh cG^ AvmGe ˆmB cG^B cÉwZmwiZ nGe|
hG^Ó¡ cwigvY| ZvB PÞzGjG´Öi «¼viv MwVZ KvGQi eÕ§mgƒGni
cÉk² 92 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 6 cÉwZweÁ¼ îwUbvi Ici MwVZ nq| ‰ KviGY nËÕ¼`†wÓ¡ ò‚wU mÁ·®²
wigvi Pkgvi ÞgZv, P =  2.25D. ˆjG´Ö AvcwZZ iwkÄ cÉavb ˆPvL KvGQi eÕ§mgƒnGK Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvq| ZGe ˆPvGLi ò‚wUi
AGÞi mgv¯¦ivGj ‰Gm cÉwZmiGYi ci ˆjG´Öi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cwigvGYi Ici wbfÆi KGi Õ·Ó¡ `kÆGbi `ƒiZg `ƒiZ½ wbaÆvwiZ nq|
x ˆm.wg. `ƒiGZ½ AcmvwiZ nq| ‰ msKÌv¯¦ iwkÄwPò wbÁ²i…c:
K. ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv KvGK eGj? 1
L. wigvi ˆPvGLi ò‚wU eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. "x" ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3 O
N. hw` wigv Pkgv eÅenvi bv KGi, ZLb PÞz ˆjG´Ö ˆh cÉwZweÁ¼
MwVZ nq, Zv iwkÄwPò ‰uGK eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
cÉk² 93 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4 cÉk² 94 wmGjU êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4
L1 iéb `kg ˆkÉwYi Qvò| ˆPvGLi mgmÅvi RbÅ ˆm PÞz weGklGæi wbKU
ˆMj| WvÚvi Zvi ˆPvL cixÞv KGi ZvGK 5cm ˆdvKvGmi `ƒiGZ½i
‰KwU AeZj ˆjG´Öi Pkgv eÅenvi KiGZ ejGjb|
L
O F
L
K. AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê KvGK eGj? 1
L2 25 cm L. mij ˆcwiGÕ•vGc KgcGÞ `y’wU mgZj `cÆY eÅenvi Kiv
K. wbqwgZ cÉwZdjb KvGK eGj? 1 nq ˆKb? 2
L. evqyi mvGcGÞ nxiGKi cÉwZmiYvâ 2.42 ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2 M. WvÚvGii civgkÆ Abyhvqx iéGbi ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv KZ? 3
M. ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv wbYÆq Ki| 3 N. WvÚvGii civgkÆ Abyhvqx iébGK ˆj´Ö KxfvGe `ƒGii wRwbm
N. ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ `ƒGii eÕ¦y Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvb wK¯¦y KvGQi eÕ¦y ˆ`LGZ mvnvhÅ KiGe? 4
94 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvb bv| DóxcGKi aiGbi ˆj´ÖwU Zvi mgmÅv
mgvavb KiGZ cviGe wK? iwkÄ wPòmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4  K ˆjG´Öi AfÅ¯¦iÕ© cÉavb AGÞi Ici AewÕ©Z ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡
93 bs cÉGk²i Dîi we±`y, hvi gaÅ w`Gq ˆKvGbv iwkÄ AwZKÌg KiGj cÉwZmiGYi ci
ˆjG´Öi Aci c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK wbMÆZ nIqvi mgq AvcwZZ iwkÄi
K hw` ‰KàœQ mgv¯¦ivj AvGjvKiwkÄ ˆKvGbv gm†Y ZGj AvcwZZ nGq
mgv¯¦ivjfvGe wbMÆZ nq, ZvGK AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê eGj|
cÉwZdjGbi ci mgv¯¦ivj iwkÄàœQ ev Awfmvix ev Acmvix iwkÄàGœQ
cwiYZ nq ZGe ‰ aiGbi cÉwZdjbGK AvGjvi wbqwgZ cÉwZdjb eGj| L AvGjvi KÌwgK cÉwZdjb eÅenvi KGi ˆcwiGÕ•vc ŠZwi Kiv nq|
‰KwU jÁ¼v AvqZvKvi KvV ev avZe bGji gGaÅ `ywU mgZj `cÆYGK
L evqyi mvGcGÞ nxiGKi cÉwZmiYvâ 2.42 ejGZ eySvq, evqy nGZ
ciÕ·Gii mgv¯¦ivj ‰es bGji AGÞi mvG^ 45 ˆKvY KGi ivLv nq|
nxiGK AvGjvKiwkÄ cÉGeGki mgq ‰i AvcZb ˆKvGYi mvBb I `ƒGii eÕ¦y ˆ^GK mgv¯¦ivj AvGjvKiwkÄ cÉ^Gg
M1 `cÆGY AwfjGÁ¼i
cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi mvBb AbycvZ 2.42; cybivq, evqyGZ AvGjvi êM mvG^ 45 ˆKvGY AvcwZZ nq| AvcwZZ iwkÄ M `cÆY «¼viv 45
1
I nxiGK AvGjvi êGMi AbycvZ 2.42| ˆKvGY cÉwZdwjZ nGq bGji AÞ eivei ‰Gm M2 `cÆGY AvcwZZ
M nq| AvGjvKiwkÄ M2 `cÆGY cybivq cÉwZdwjZ nGq Abyf„wgKfvGe
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, ˆPvGL cGo dGj eÕ¦ywU ˆ`Lv hvq| mgZj `cÆY eÅenvi KGi ‰fvGe
P= =
1 1 ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒ iZ½ , AvGjvKiwkÄi w`K cwieZÆb KGi Avgiv mivmwi ˆ`LGZ cvB bv, ‰gb
f 0.25m  = 25cm = 0.25m eÕ¦yGKI ˆcwiGÕ•vGci mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LGZ cvB| ‰GÞGò ‰KwU gvò `cÆY
= 4m–1 = 4D (Ans.) ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv, P = ? eÅenvi Kiv nGj jÞÅeÕ¦y Kvw›ÞZ fwãGZ ˆ`LGZ cvIqv mÁ¿e bq|
N ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ `ƒGii eÕ¦y Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvb, wK¯¦y KvGQi eÕ¦y Õ·Ó¡ ZvB mij ˆcwiGÕ•vGc KgcGÞ `ywU mgZj `cÆY eÅenvi Kiv nq|
ˆ`LGZ cvb bv| ‰GÞGò H eÅwÚ `xNÆ`†wÓ¡ ò‚wUGZ AvKÌv¯¦|  M
DóxcGKi Dîj ev Awfmvix ˆj´ÖwU Zvi mgmÅv mgvavb KiGZ Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
cviGe| iwkÄwPò weeiY wbÁ²i…c: P= =
1 1 eÅen†Z AeZj ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½,
cÉwZKvi: ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv KGg hvIqvi RbÅ ‰ ò‚wUi  –0.05m
–1
f = –5cm = –0.05m
D«¿e nq| ZvB ‰ ò‚wU `ƒi Kivi RbÅ Z^v DÚ ˆPvGLi Awfmvix = –20 m = –20 D (Ans.) ÞgZv, P = ?
ÞgZv evovGbvi RbÅ mnvqK ˆj´Ö wnGmGe Dîj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi Kiv  N
nq|
25c
m
O
N wPò (K)
wPò : K
F
ZvQvov ‰Kgvò Dîj ˆj´ÖB jÞÅeÕ¦yi ˆPGq `ƒGi ˆmvRv AevÕ¦e weÁ¼
MVb KGi eGj ‰GÞGò ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi mnvqK ˆj´Ö wnGmGe ‰gb wPò (L)
ÞgZv Z^v ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½wewkÓ¡ Dîj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi KiGZ nGe hv
Õ¼vfvweK ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`y N ‰ Õ©vwcZ jÞÅeÕ¦yi weÁ¼, ò‚wUcƒYÆ
ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`y O ˆZ MVb KGi| ZvnGj N we±`yGZ Õ©vwcZ
jÞÅeÕ¦y ˆ^GK AvMZ iwkÄàœQ mnvqK ˆj´Ö ev Pkgv wnGmGe eÅen†Z F
Dîj ˆjG´Ö cÉwZm†Z nGq O we±`yGZ AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ MVb KiGe| ‰
weÁ¼wU ò‚wUcƒYÆ ˆPvGLi wbKU we±`yGZ MwVZ nIqvq ˆPvL webv ˆKÑGk wPò (M)
Zv Õ·Ó¡fvGe ˆ`LGZ cvGe|
gGb Kwi, ò‚wUcƒYÆ ˆPvGLi `ƒiwe±`y F A^Ævr F ‰i ˆPGq `ƒGi AewÕ©Z
ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y ‰ ˆPvL ˆ`LGZ cvq bv (wPò-K)| ˆPvGLi ÞxY`†wÓ¡ ò‚wU Avevi, jÞÅeÕ¦y hw` Zvi AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 10cm ˆcQGb mivGbv nq
`ƒi Kivi RbÅ AeZj ˆj´Ö Pkgv wnGmGe eÅenvi Kiv nq| ‰KwU ZGe jÞÅeÕ¦yi AeÕ©vb nGe ˆj´Ö nGZ  ‰es 2 `ƒiGZ½i gGaÅ|
nËÕ¼ `†wÓ¡mÁ·®² ˆPvL `ƒGii wRwbm fvGjvfvGe ˆ`LGZ cvq bv, wK¯¦y ˆmGÞGò evÕ¦e I DÎŸv cÉwZweÁ¼ ˆjG´Öi Aci cvGk MwVZ nGe hv
KvGQi wRwbm Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvq (wPò-L)| ‰GÞGò ˆPvGLi Õ·Ó¡ wbGPi iwkÄwPò nGZ Õ·Ó¡ `†kÅgvb|
`kÆGbi wbKU we±`y 25 cm ‰iI Kg nGZ cvGi| AwÞGMvjGKi L
eÅvmvaÆ êGo ˆMGj ev ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ KGg ˆMGj A^Ævr P R
Awfmvix ÞgZv êGo ˆMGj ‰ aiGbi ò‚wU ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ZvB ‰ ò‚wU
Q
`ƒi Kivi RbÅ Z^v ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv Kgvevi RbÅ F
C Q F O 2F
mnvqK ˆj´Ö ev Pkgv wnGmGe AeZj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi Kiv nq| ZvQvov
‰Kgvò AeZj ˆj´ÖB jÞÅeÕ¦yi ˆPGqI wbKGU ˆmvRv I AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ P
MVb KGi eGj ‰GÞGò ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi mvgGb mnvqK ˆj´Ö ev Pkgv L
wnGmGe ‰gb ÞgZv Z^v ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½wewkÓ¡ AeZj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi myZivs hw` jÞÅeÕ¦y Zvi AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 10cm mvgGb ‰es wcQGb
KiGZ nGe hv Amxg `ƒiGZ½ AewÕ©Z jÞÅeÕ¦yi weÁ¼ ò‚wUcƒYÆ ˆPvGLi mivGbv nq ZGe cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ ‰KB nGe bv|
`ƒi we±`yGZ MVb KGi (wPò-M)|
cÉk² 95 hGkvi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4 cÉk² 96 ewikvj êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 4
40cm eKÌZvi eÅvmvGaÆi ‰KwU Dîj ˆjG´Öi cÉavb AGÞi Ici
AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK 25cm `ƒGi ‰KwU jÞÅeÕ¦y ivLv nGjv|
K. cÉwZmiYvâ KvGK eGj? 1 40 cm
L. AvGjvi cÉwZmiY nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 P
C
M. ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv KZ? 3 F
N. hw` jÞÅeÕ¦y Zvi AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 10cm mvgGb ‰es wcQGb A B C
mivGbv nq ZGe cÉwZweGÁ¼i cÉK‡wZ ‰KB nGe wK? iwkÄwPGòi K. `¯¦ wPwKrmvq ˆKvb aiGbi `cÆY eÅenvi Kiv nq? 1
mvnvGhÅ gZvgZ `vI| 4 L. ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv –3.5d ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2
95 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M. A wPGò P nGZ 16 ˆm.wg. `ƒGi eÕ¦y ^vKGj weGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb,
K ‰KGRvov wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅg ‰es ˆKvGbv ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ eGYÆi
AvK‡wZ I cÉK‡wZ wPò ‰uGK eYÆbv Ki| 3
AvGjvKiwkÄ ‰K gvaÅg ˆ^GK Aci gvaÅGg cÉwZm†Z nGj AvcZb
ˆKvGYi mvBb ‰es cÉwZmiY ˆKvGYi mvBGbi AbycvZGK cÉ^g gvaÅg N. PÞz ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv êGo hvIqvi KviGY m†Ó¡ ò‚wUwU cÉwZKvGi
mvGcGÞ w«¼Zxq gvaÅGgi cÉwZmiYvâ eGj| DcGii ˆKvb ˆj´ÖwU DcGhvMx-ZyjbvgƒjK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg
L AvGjvi cÉwZmiY nIqvi KviY nGjv wewf®² gvaÅGg AvGjvi êGMi gZvgZ `vI| 4
wf®²Zv| AvGjvKxq nvjKv gvaÅg ˆ^GK Nb gvaÅGg AvGjvi cÉwZmiGYi 96 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mgq AvGjvKiwkÄ AwfjGÁ¼i w`GK êuGK hvq| wK¯¦y Nb gvaÅGg ˆ^GK K `¯¦ wPwKrmvq AeZj `cÆY eÅenvi Kiv nq|

nvjKv gvaÅGg AvGjvi cÉwZmiGYi êjvq AvGjvKiwkÄ AwfjÁ¼ ˆ^GK
L ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv, P = –3.5 d = –3.5m–1

`ƒGi mGi hvq| `ywU wf®² gvaÅg nIqv mGî½I gvaÅg«¼Gqi AvGjvKxq 1 1
NbZ½ mgvb nGj A^Ævr gvaÅg«¼Gq AvGjvi êM mgvb nGj ‰K gvaÅg ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = P = –3.5m–1 = –0.286m
nGZ Aci gvaÅGg AvGjvi MgGbi êjvq AvGjvK iwkÄi w`K cwieZÆb myZivs, ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv –3.5d ejGZ eySvq, ˆj´ÖwU AeZj ˆj´Ö ‰es
NGU bv, A^Ævr AvÞwiK AG^Æ cÉwZmiY NGU bv| ‰i ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ 0.286m|
M
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆÌqv AvGQ, M DóxcGKi A wPGò AeZj `cÆGYi eKÌZvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 40 cm

r 40cm
P= =
1 1 ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, myZivs, ‰i ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½, f = 2 = 2 = 20 cm > 16 cm
f 0.2m f = 20 cm = 0.2 m
= 5m–1 = 5D (Ans.) ÞgZv, P = ? myZivs A wPGò P nGZ 16 cm `ƒGi eÕ¦y ^vKv gvGb, AeZj `cÆGYi
N hw` jÞÅeÕ¦y Zvi AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK 10cm mvgGb mivGbv nq ZGe ˆgi‚ I ˆdvKvm `ƒiGZ½i gGaÅ jÞÅeÕ¦y ivLv| AZ‰e ‰GÞGò,
‰i AeÕ©vb nGe ˆjG´Öi AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê ‰es cÉavb ˆdvKvGmi gGaÅ| AevÕ¦e weGÁ¼i AeÕ©vb nGe `cÆGYi ˆcQGb; weÁ¼wU jÞÅeÕ¦yi Zyjbvq
ˆmGÞGò AevÕ¦e I ˆmvRv cÉwZweÁ¼ ˆjG´Öi ‰KB cvGk MwVZ nGe, hv weewaÆZ ‰es ˆmvRv nGe hv wbGPi iwkÄwPò nGZ Õ·Ó¡|
wbGPi iwkÄwPò nGZ Õ·Ó¡|
P L
P C
Q O F2 F
Q F1
R
L1
N PÞz ˆjG´Öi ÞgZv êGo ˆMGj nËÕ¼ `†wÓ¡ ò‚wU ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ‰ ò‚wU gGb Kwi, ò‚wUcƒYÆ ˆPvGLi `ƒiwe±`y F| A^Ævr F ‰i ˆPGq `ƒGi AewÕ©Z
cÉwZKvGi DóxcGKi wPGòi C ˆj´ÖwU (AeZj) DcGhvMx| ˆKvGbv eÕ¦y ‰ ˆPvL Õ·Ó¡fvGe ˆ`LGZ cvq bv (wPò-K)| nÇÕ¼
`†wÓ¡mÁ·®² ˆKvGbv ˆPvL `ƒGii wRwbm fvGjvfvGe ˆ`LGZ cvq bv, wK¯¦y
I KvGQi wRwbm Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`LGZ cvq (wPò-L)| AwÞGMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ
êGo ˆMGj ev ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ KGg ˆMGj A^Ævr
Awfmvix ÞgZv êGo ˆMGj ‰ aiGbi ò‚wU ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ZvB ‰ ò‚wU `ƒi
(K)
Kivi RbÅ Z^v ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi Awfmvix ÞgZv Kgvevi RbÅ mnvqK
ˆj´Ö ev Pkgv wnGmGe AeZj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi Kiv nq| ZvQvov ‰Kgvò
AeZj ˆj´ÖB jÞÅeÕ¦yi ˆPGqI wbKGU ˆmvRv I AevÕ¦e weÁ¼ MVb KGi
F I eGj ‰GÞGò ˆPvGLi ˆjG´Öi mvgGb mnvqK ˆj´Ö ev Pkgv wnGmGe
(L ‰gb ÞgZv Z^v ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½wewkÓ¡ AeZj ˆj´Ö eÅenvi KiGZ nGe
hv Amxg `ƒiGZ½ AewÕ©Z jÞÅeÕ¦yi weÁ¼ ò‚wUcƒYÆ ˆPvGLi `ƒiwe±`yGZ
MVb KGi (wPò-M)|
F I
(M)
`kg AaÅvq : wÕ©i we`yÅr

cÉk² 56 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7 ‰LvGb, A eGji PvRÆ, q1 = + 40C
B eGji PvRÆ, q2 = – 30C
A
B A I B ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = 300 cm = 3 m
+ 40 C
KzjÁ¼ aË‚eK, k = 9  109Nm2 C–2
 30 C
A I B ‰i gaÅKvi AvKlÆY ej, F = ?
300 cm Avgiv Rvwb,

q 1q 2
[KzjGÁ¼i aË‚eK k = 9  109Nm2C2] F=k
d2
wkLbdj-4 I 5 [P. êv. 19] 40C  30C
K. Zwor wefe KvGK eGj? 1 = 9  109Nm2C–2
(3m)2
[ˆKej gvb wbGq]
L. AfÅ¯¦ixY îvGai gvb evovGj Zwor cÉevn KGg hvq ˆKb? 2 12
= 1.2  10 N(Ans.)
M. A I B ‰i gaÅeZÆx eGji gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU ciÕ·i Amgvb wecixZ PvRÆ ‰i msGhvRK
N. A I B ‰i msGhvRK îLv eivei ˆKv^vq Zwor cÉvejÅ
îLvi evBGi wbiGcÞ we±`y cvIqv hvq| A
mgvb nGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 + 40 C  30 C
56 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 300 cm
x
K Amxg `ƒiZ½ ˆ^GK ‰KK abvñK AvavbGK ZworGÞGòi ˆKvGbv
300cm + x
we±`yGZ AvbGZ ˆh cwigvY KvR mÁ·®² nq, ZvGK H we±`yi Zwor
wefe eGj| we±`y wU ˆQvU PvRÆ w Ui evBGi, PvRÆ «¼Gqi msGhvRK mijGiLv eivei
KvQvKvwQ ^vGK|
L Avgiv Rvwb, Zwor eZÆbxGZ ZworGKvGli AfÅ¯¦ixY îva, eZÆbxi
awi,  30C PvRÆ nGZ x m `ƒiGZ½ PvRÆ«¼Gqi msGhvRK îLvi evBGi
ewntGivGai mvG^ ˆkÉwY msGhvGM hyÚ ^vGK| ‰Lb, hw` ˆKvGli
we±`ywU AewÕ©Z|
AfÅ¯¦ixY îvGai gvb e†w«¬ cvq, ZGe îvGai ˆkÉwY msGhvGMi wbqg
40 30
Abyhvqx eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva e†w«¬ cvGe| ‰Lb, ˆhGnZz, wbw`ÆÓ¡  k (3 + x)2 = k x2
ZwoœPvjK eGji RbÅ eZÆbxi gƒj Zwor cÉevn eZÆbxi ZzjÅGivGai 3+x 40 2
eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK, ZvB ejv hvq, AfÅ¯¦ixY îvGai gvb evovGj eZÆbxi ev, x = 30 = 3
Zwor cÉevn KGg hvq|
ev, 3 3 + 3 x = 2x
M 3 3
+ 40 C  30 C
ev, x =
2 3
 x = 19.39 m
A B
300 cm AZ‰e,  30 C PvRÆ nGZ 19.39 m `ƒGi PvRÆ«¼Gqi msGhvRK îLvi
evBGi Zwor cÉvejÅ kƒbÅ nGe|
cÉk² 57 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4 10  x 2 q
30
ev,  x  = qB = 20 = 1.5
20 C 30 C 15 C A
10  x
ev, x
= 1.225
ev, 10  x = 1.225x
A B P ev, x + 1.225x = 10
10 m ev, x(1 + 1.225) = 10
K. pn Rskb WvGqvW KvGK eGj? 1 10
ev, x = 2.225
L. Avgiv KxfvGe iwOb eÕ§i AvGjvKxq Dcjwº¬ cvB eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. A I B Avavb«¼Gqi gaÅKvi eGji gvb wbYÆq Ki| [aË‚eK k  x = 4.49 m
9 2 2
= 9 × 10 N m C ] 3 AZ‰e, P AvavbGK A Avavb nGZ 4.49m `ƒGi Õ©vcb KiGj ‰i
N. P AvavbGK A I B Avavb«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx ˆKvb Õ©vGb Õ©vcb Dci A I B Avavb«¼Gqi ˆKvGbv cÉfve ^vKGe bv|
KiGj ‰i Dci A I B Avavb«¼Gqi ˆKvGbv cÉfve ^vKGe bv? cÉk² 58 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGi ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
57 bs cÉGk²i Dîi A I B `yBwU AvwnZ eÕ§ ‰es C wbiGcÞ eÕ§| A I B ‰i Avavb
h^vKÌGg 5 C ‰es +10 C| B ‰i RbÅ A ‰i wbKUeZÆx ‰KwU
K ‰KwU p-UvBc AaÆcwievnx I ‰KwU n-UvBc AaÆcwievnxi
we±`y X ‰i Zwor ZxeËZv 2 NC1|
mg¯¼Gq m†Ó¡ RvskbGK pn Rvskb WvGqvW eGj|
K. Zwor kwÚ Kx? 1
L Avgiv hLb ˆKvGbv eÕ§ ˆ`wL ZLb eÕ§ ˆ^GK AvGjv ‰Gm PÞz L. îva I îvaKGZ½i gGaÅ ˆKvbwU c`vG^Æi ˆfŒZ AeÕ©vi
ˆj´Ö «¼viv cÉwZmwiZ nGq îwUbvq cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb KGi| îwUbv ˆ^GK
Dci wbfÆikxj? 2
ˆh bvfÆàGjv gwÕ¦GÓ• ˆMGQ ˆmàGjv nGjv iW I ˆKvb| ‰Gì gGaÅ
M. 'X' we±`yi Dci B ‰i Abyf„Z ej wbYÆq Ki| 3
ˆKvb ˆKvlàGjv eYÆ msGe`bkxj| wZb aiGbi ˆKvb AvGQ| bxj eYÆ
msGe`bkxj ˆKvb, jvj eYÆ msGe`bkxj ˆKvb ‰es meyR eYÆ N. 'C' eÕ§wUGK A ev B «¼viv abvñK PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ Kiv mÁ¿e
msGe`bkxj ˆKvb| ˆKvGbv iwOb eÕ§ hLb AvgvGì ˆPvGLi mvgGb wK? hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
AvGm, ZLb ‰B wZb aiGbi ˆKvlàGjv eÕ§i eYÆ AbymvGi wf®² wf®² 58 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
fvGe AbyiwYZ nq| ˆKvGbv eYÆ hZB wgkÉ ev RwUj ˆnvK bv ˆKb, K ˆKvGbv cwievnxi `yB cÉvG¯¦ wefe cv^ÆKÅ cÉGqvM Kiv nGj H

ˆPvL mKj eYÆGK gvò ‰B wZbwU eGYÆ aviY KGi| îwUbvi cwievnxGZ Zwor cÉevGni m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰i dGj BGjKUÇbàGjv ˆh kwÚ
ˆKvbàGjv ‰B aviYK‡Z Z^Å gwÕ¦GÓ• ˆcÉiY KGi| gwÕ¦Ó• Avevi ARÆb KGi ZvGK Zwor kwÚ eGj|
weGkl cÉwKÌqvi gvaÅGg mKj eYÆGK Avjv`v KGi ˆ`q| ‰fvGeB
Avgiv iwOb eÕ§i AvGjvKxq Dcjwº¬ cvB| L ˆKvGbv cwievnxi îvaKZ½ ‰i Dcv`vb I Zvcgvòvi Dci
wbfÆikxj| wK¯§ îva Dcv`vb I Zvcgvòv QvovI cwievnxi Š`NÆÅ I
Dîi: 5.4  1010 N cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdGji DciI wbfÆikxj| myZivs ejv hvq îva I
îvaKGZ½i gGaÅ îva ivwkwU c`vG^Æi ˆfŒZ AeÕ©vi Ici êwk
N A I B DfGqB abvñK| ZvB abvñK C AvavbGK ‰Gì
wbfÆikxj|
msGhvRK îLvi gvGS ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`yGZ Õ©vcb KiGj wbiGcÞ
we±`y cvIqv hvGe| gGb Kwi, A nGZ x `ƒiGZ½ P AvavbGK Õ©vcb M X we±`yi Dci B ‰i cÉhyÚ eGji gvb RvbGZ nGj X we±`yGZ
KiGj ‰i Dci A I B Avavb«¼Gqi ˆKvGbv cÉfve ^vKGe bv| wbGP Õ©vwcZ AvavGbi gvb RvbGZ nGe (ˆKbbv, F = qE)| ‰LvGb
wPGò ˆ`LvGbv nGjv| AvavGbi gvb bv ˆÌqvq eGji gvb wbYÆq Kiv mÁ¿e bq|
20 C 15 C 30 C ˆhGnZz X we±`yGZ B ‰i cÉvejÅ, Ex = 2NC1, X we±`yGZ ˆhGKvGbv
++ + ++ + ++ + qx PvRÆ Õ©vcb KiGj B KZ‡ÆK cÉhyÚ ej nGe,
+ A ++ + P + + + B ++ F X = q x Ex
+ ++ + + + + + ++ FX = 2qx (Ans.)
+ + x
+ + + +
(10x)
A P B N C eÕ§wUGK A eÕ§ «¼viv Zwor AvGek cÉwKÌqvq abvñK PvGRÆ
10 m
PvwRÆZ Kiv mÁ¿e; B eÕ§ «¼viv mÁ¿e bq| ‰B cÉwKÌqvq cÉ^Gg A
qA  qP
A KZ‡ÆK P ‰i Ici weKlÆY ej, FAP = k eÕ§wUGK C eÕ§i ‰K cÉvG¯¦i wbKGU aiv nq|
x2 A C A C A C C
qB  qP
B KZ‡ÆK P ‰i Ici weKlÆY ej, FBP = k
(10  x)2
P ˆZ A I B Avavb«¼Gqi cÉfve bv ^vKvi kZÆgGZ,
FAP = FBP ‰GZ C eÕ§i gyÚ BGjKUÇbàGjv A eÕ§i BGjKUÇbàGjv «¼viv weKwlÆZ
q q q q nGq wecixZ cÉvG¯¦ mGi hvq| ‰B AeÕ©vq A eÕ§wUGK bv mwiGq C
ev, k Ax2 P = k (10B  x)P2 eÕ§wUGK nvZ w`Gq Õ·kÆ KiGj ev f„-mshyÚ KiGj gyÚ BGjKUÇbàGjv
f„-c†GÓ¤ PGj hvGe| ‰Lb f„-msGhvM wewœQ®² KiGj abvñK cÉk² 60 hGkvi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6
AvavbàGjv C eÕ§i ‰KcÉvG¯¦ Ave«¬ ^vKGe| ‰evi A eÕ§wUGK 200 C 400 C
mwiGq wbGj abvñK AvavbàGjv C eÕ§wUi meÆò QwoGq coGe| dGj
A B
C eÕ§wU abvñK PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ nGe|
d = 10 m
cÉk²  59 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 7
Amxg nGZ +5 C Avavb A I B ‰i ZworGÞGò AvbGZ K‡ZKvR
+30 C
h^vKÌGg 200 J ‰es 300 J|
+20 C
K. KzjGÁ¼i mƒòwU wjL| 1
5 cm 50 cm 5 cm
L. AvwnZ eÕ§i ZworGÞGòi gGaÅ we±`yeÕ§ hZ`ƒi mGi hvGe
wefe ZZ nËvm cvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. A I B ‰i gGaÅ wKÌqvkxj ej wbYÆq Ki| 3
K. Zwor ZxeËZv KvGK eGj? 1 N. A I B ˆK cwievnx Zvi «¼viv hyÚ KiGj BGjKUÇb cÉevGni
L. Avjdv I Mvgv iwkÄi gGaÅ `yBwU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2 w`K MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
M. Avavb«¼Gqi gaÅKvi weKlÆY eGji gvb KZ? 3 60 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N. Avavb«¼q cwievnx Zvi «¼viv mshyÚ KiGj eGji gvGbi Kx K wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvaÅGg `yBwU we±`y AvavGbi gGaÅ wKÌqvkxj AvKlÆY ev
cwieZÆb nGe MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 weKlÆY eGji gvb Avavb«¼Gqi àYdGji mgvbycvwZK, gaÅeZxÆ
59 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `ƒiGZ½i eGMÆi eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK ‰es ‰B ej ‰Gì msGhvRK mijGiLv
K Zwor ˆÞGòi ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ ‰KwU ‰KK abvñK Avavb Õ©vcb eivei wKÌqv KGi|
KiGj ˆmwU ˆh ej Abyfe KGi, ZvGK H we±`yi Zwor ZxeËZv eGj| q
L V = k r mƒòvbymvGi AvwnZ eÕ§i ZworGÞGòi gGaÅ we±`yeÕ§ hZ

L Avjdv I Mvgv iwkÄi cv^ÆKÅ `yBwU wbÁ²i…c :
`ƒGi mGi hvGe wefe ZZ nËvm cvGe| KviY wefGei mvG^ `ƒiGZ½i
Avjdv iwkÄ Mvgv iwkÄ
mÁ·KÆ eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK| we±`yeÕ§ `ƒGi mGi ˆhGZ ^vKGj ‰i mvG^ `ƒiZ½
1| Avjdv iwkÄ abvñK 1| Mvgv iwkÄ Avavb e†w«¬ cvGe, dGj wefGei gvb ˆmB AbycvGZ KgGZ ^vKGe|
AvavbhyÚ KYvi cÉevn| wbiGcÞ, ZvwoZGPŒÁ¼K
M 1(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 7.2  1012 N
Ziã|
N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
2| ‰i fi nvBGWÈvGRb 2| ‰i ˆKvGbv fi ˆbB|
cigvYyi fGii Pvi àY| AvavGbi cwigvY, q = +5 C
q AvavbGK A we±`yi ZworGÞGò AvbGZ KvR, WA = 200 J
Dîi: 1.5  1013 N| A we±`yi wefe, VA = ?
N ˆhGnZz Dfq ˆMvjGKi AvKvi ‰KB (‰es aGi wbB Dcv`vbI Avgiv Rvwb,
‰KB), ZvB Avavb«¼qGK cwievnx Zvi «¼viv mshyÚ Kiv nGj + 30 C WA 200
VA = = V = 40 V
q 5
ˆ^GK + 20 C Avavb wewkÓ¡ ˆMvjGKi w`GK Avavb cwievwnZ nGe,
hZÞY bv ‰Gì DfGqi Avavb mgvb nq| mshyÚ AeÕ©vq Avavb Avevi,
mgvb nGq ˆMGj ˆKvGbv ZworcÉevn nGe bv| KviY Avavb mgvb nGq q AvavbGK B we±`yi ZworGÞGò wbGZ KvR, WB = 300 J
ˆMGj ZvGì gGaÅ ˆKvGbv wefe cv^ÆKÅ ^vKGe bv| B
W 300
we±`yi wefe, VB = qB = 5 V = 60 V
mvgÅveÕ©vq Zwor cÉevn e®¬ nIqvi ci msGhvMKvix Zvi LyGj wbGj
‰Gì gGaÅ KzjÁ¼ ej wKÌqv KiGe| ˆhGnZz A we±`yi wefGei Zzjbvq B we±`yi wefe êwk ZvB A I B
ˆMvjK«¼Gqi ˆgvU Avavb = (+ 30 C + 20 C) = + 50 C ˆK cwievnx Zvi «¼viv hyÚ KiGj ZworcÉevn nGe B ˆ^GK A ‰i
w`GK wK¯§ BGjKUÇb cÉevwnZ nGe A ˆ^GK B ‰i w`GK|
myZivs cÉwZwU ˆMvjGK AvavGbi cwigvY nGe, q = + 25 C
[we: `Ë: cÉGk² DcwÕ©Z Dcvîmgƒn eÅenvi KGi A I B ˆMvjGKi
gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = 0.6 m
qq
wefe wbYÆq Kiv cÉK‡ZcGÞ mÁ¿e bq| KviY ciL PvRÆwU (+ 5C)
25 C  25 C
weKlÆY ej, F = k d1 2 2 = 9  109 N m2 C2  (0.6 m)2 ˆK A I B Zwor ˆÞGòi ˆKvb we±`yGZ Avbv nGqGQ, Zv ‰LvGb
= 1.5625  1013 N DGÍÏL ˆbB| A I B ˆMvjGK cÉK‡Z wefe wbYÆq KiGZ nGj ciL
hv cƒGeÆi (F = 1.5  1013 N) Zzjbvq êwk| A^Ævr Avavb«¼qGK PvRÆwUGK A I B ˆMvjGKi c†GÓ¤ AvbGZ nGe ‰es K‡Z KvR wbYÆq
cwievnx Zvi «¼viv mshyÚ KGi Avevi wewœQ®² KiGj ‰Gì gGaÅ KGi wefe êi KiGZ nGe| wnmvGei myweavG^Æ Avgiv aGi wbwœQ ˆh,
weKlÆY ej cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq 1.5625  1013  1.5  1013 N = 6.25  PvRÆwUGK ˆMvjK«¼Gqi c†GÓ¤ Avbv nGqGQ ‰es ‰GZ K‡ZKvGRi
1011N e†w«¬ cvGe| cwigvY nq h^vKÌGg 200J I 300J|]
cÉk² 61 wmGjU êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5 mvgÅveÕ©vq A I B ‰i PvRÆ, qA = qr =
8030
= 25 C
2
+ 80C  30C
q q
 cÉhyÚ ej, F = k Ar2 B
(25)2
A = 9 × 109 × = 2.5 × 1014; hv weKlÆYagxÆ|
B (.15)2
‰LvGb, F < F. cƒGeÆi ej AvKlÆYagÆx ‰es cieZÆx ej weKlÆYagÆx|
A I B mgvb AvKvi I ‰KB Dcv`vGbi ŠZwi `yBwU avZe ej 15cm cÉk² 62 ewikvj êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5
`ƒGi ivLv AvGQ| F1 F2
K. Zwor AvGek KvGK eGj? 1 60C 30C q 2q
L. 1 C Avavb ejGZ Kx eyS? 2

M. A I B ‰i gaÅKvi eGji gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3 d = 1m d = 2m
N. A I B avZe Zvi w`Gq mshyÚ Kiv nGj eGji gvGbi wPò: 1 wPò: 2
ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb NUGe wKbv MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 K. i…cvi cÉGjc ˆ`qv ejGZ Kx êvS? 1
61 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L. ŠiwLK weeaÆGbi gvb 1.5 ejGZ Kx êvS? 2
K ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ eÕ§GK ‰KwU AvwnZ eÕ§i KvGQ ‰Gb Õ·kÆ bv
 M. DóxcK nGZ F1 ‰i gvb êi Ki| 3
KGi ÷ay ‰i DcwÕ©wZGZ eÕ§wUGK AvwnZ Kivi c«¬wZGK Zwor N. q ‰i gvb KZ nGj F2 = 4F1 nGe? 4
AvGek eGj| 62 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L 1 C PvRÆ ejGZ eySvq ˆKvGbv cwievnGKi gaÅ w`Gq ‰K K ‰KwU gm†Y ZGj cÉwZdjK AvÕ¦iY w`Gq `cÆY cÉÕ§Z Kiv nq| ‰B

AÅvwÁ·qvi mylg cÉevn ‰K ˆmGK´£ aGi PjGj ‰i ˆh ˆKvGbv AvÕ¦iY i…cvi nGj ZvGK iƒcvi cÉGjc jvMvGbv ev wmjfvwis ejv nq|
cÉÕ©GœQGì gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ PvGRÆi cwigvY nGœQ 1 C|
L ŠiwLK weeaÆGbi gvb 1.5 ejGZ eySvq ˆKvGbv `cÆY ev ˆjG´Ö
M MwVZ weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ I jÞÅeÕ§i Š`GNÆÅi AbycvZ 1.5 ev weGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ
+ 80C  30C jÞÅeÕ§i Š`GNÆÅi 1.5 àY|
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
A we±`yGZ Õ©vwcZ PvRÆ, q1 = + 60 C
A B
B we±`yGZ Õ©vwcZ PvRÆ, q2 = +30 C
15 cm
A I B ‰i gaÅeZxÆ `ƒiZ½, d = 1 m
‰LvGb, A eGji PvRÆ, q1 = + 80C KzjGÁ¼i aË‚eK, k = 9  109 N m2 C2
B eGji PvRÆ, q2 = – 30C
PvRÆ«¼Gqi gaÅeZxÆ wKÌqvkxj eGji gvb, F = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
A I B ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = 15 cm = 0.15 m
q1q2 60  30
KzjÁ¼ aË‚eK, k = 9  109Nm2 C–2 F =k
d2
= 9  109 
(1)2
A I B ‰i gaÅKvi AvKlÆY ej, F = ? = 1.62  1013 N (Ans.)
Avgiv Rvwb, N ‰LvGb, cÉ^g Avavb = q
q 1q 2 w«¼Zxq Avavb = 2q
F=k 2
d
`ƒiZ½, d = 2m
80C  30C
= 9  109Nm2C–2
(0.15m)2
[ˆKej gvb wbGq] ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, F1 = 1.62  1013 N
= 9.6  1014 N(Ans.) Avgiv Rvwb,
q  2q
N A I B mgvb AvKvi I ‰KB Dcv`vGbi `yB avZe ej nIqvq F2 = k
d2
A ‰i wefe B ‰i ˆPGq êwk nGe| KviY B ‰i ˆPGq A ‰i PvRÆ 2
êwk| cwievwnZvi «¼viv hyÚ KiGj A ˆ^GK wKQy cwigvGY abvñK ev, 4F1 = 9  109 2q 2
(2)
Avavb B ˆZ hvGe| dGj `ywU eGji AvavGbi cwigvY mgvb nGe| 9 2
ev, 4  1.62  10 = 9  10  2q
13
‰B AvavbàGjv `ywU ej I cwievnx ZvGii gGaÅ ew´ŸZ nGq ^vKGe| 4
cwievnx Zvi I ej `ywU wgwjZfvGe ‰KwU wmGÕ¡Gg cwiYZ nGe| ev, q2 = 4  4  1.62  1013
9
‰B wmGÕ¡Ggi wefe aË‚e nGe| dGj Zwor ZxeËZvi gvb kƒbÅ nGe ‰es 9  10  2
cwievnx«¼Gqi gGaÅ ˆKvGbv Zwor ej KvR KiGe bv| ev, q 2
= 14,400
msGhvMKvix ZviwU mvgÅveÕ©vq LyGj wbGj ‰Gì gGaÅ cybivq KzjÁ¼  q = 120 C
ej KvR KiGe| AZ‰e, q ‰i gvb 120 C nGj, F2 = 4F1 nGe|
cÉk² 63 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 5 cÉk² 64 hGkvi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 6
A B
q1(30C) I q2(40C) abvñKfvGe AvwnZ `yGUv eÕ¦yGK ciÕ·i nGZ
20m `ƒiGZ½ Õ©vcb Kiv nj| q1 eÕ¦yGK q2 ‰i ZworGÞGò ‰es q2
eÕ¦yGK q1 ZworGÞGò AvbGZ h^vKÌGg 25J ‰es 15J KvR mÁ·®²
KiGZ nq|
1m K. I’ˆgi mƒòwU wjL| 1
L. Še`yÅwZK msGhvGMi ˆÞGò AwZwiÚ ‰KwU Zvi eÅenvi Kiv
A I B eÕ¦yi Avavb h^vKÌGg 10C I 30C nq ˆKb? 2
K. wefe cv^ÆKÅ KvGK eGj? 1 M. q1 I q2 ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ AGaÆK Kiv nGj ‰Gì gaÅeZÆx
L. A eÕ¦ywUGK ‰KwU Õ¼YÆcvZ ZworexÞY hG¯ï avZe PvKwZGZ eGji gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3
Õ·kÆ KivGj hG¯ï cvZ«¼Gqi duvK evoGe bv KgGe? eÅvLÅv Ki| N. q1 I q2 ˆK cwievnx Zvi «¼viv mshyÚ KiGj BGjÙÌGbi cÉevn
M. A I B eÕ¦y«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx eGji gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3 ˆKgb nGe? MvwYwZK hywÚ `vI| 4
N. B eÕ¦ywUi mvnvGhÅ ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ cwievnGKi abvñK 64 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AvavGb AvwnZ Kiv mÁ¿e wK? wPòmn eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
63 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K Zvcgvòv wÕ©i ^vKGj ˆKvGbv cwievnxi gaÅ w`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦
ZworcÉevn ‰i `yBcÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆGKÅi mgvbycvwZK|
K we`yÅrevnx eZÆbxi ˆKvGbv ‰K we±`y nGZ Aci ‰K we±`yGZ
‰KwU ‰KK ab PvRÆ AvbGZ ˆh cwigvY KvR mvwaZ nq, ZvGK H  L Še`yÅwZK msGhvGMi ˆÞGò AwZwiÚ ‰KwU Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq|
we±`y«¼Gqi wefe cv^ÆKÅ eGj| ‰wU nGjv f„-msGhvM Zvi hv wbÁ²GivGai Zvi| ‰wU mvaviYZ
L A eÕ¦ywUGK ‰KwU Õ¼YÆcvZ ZworexÞY hG¯ï avZe PvKwZGZ Õ·kÆ Še`yÅwZK miévGgi avZe XvKbvi mvG^ mshyÚ ^vGK| wewf®² KviGY
KivGj hG¯ï cvZ«¼Gqi duvK evoGe KviY A eÕ¦ywU ab PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ ‰es eZÆbx ò‚wUhyÚ ^vKGZ cvGi| ˆhgb@ hw` Rxe¯¦ Zvi mwVKfvGe
ZworexÞY h¯¨wU APvwRÆZ| myZivs A eÕ¦ywUGK ZworexÞY hG¯¨ Õ·kÆ mshyÚ bv ^vGK ‰es Zv hw` Še`yÅwZK hG¯ï avZe XvKbvGK Õ·kÆ
KivGj hG¯ï cvZ«¼q abPvGRÆ PvwRÆZ nGe ‰es ciÕ·iGK weKlÆY Kivi KGi ZGe eÅenviKvix Še`yÅwZK kK& «¼viv AvKÌv¯¦ nGZ cvGib| avZe
dGj `ƒGi mGi hvGe| A^Ævr cvZ«¼Gqi gGaÅ duvK e†w«¬ cvGe| XvKbvwU f„-mshyÚ AeÕ©vq ^vKGj ‰gbwU NUGe bv| ‰GÞGò Rxe¯¦
Zvi ˆ^GK DœPgvGbi ZworcÉevn avZe XvKbv nGq f„-msGhvM Zvi
M Avgiv Rvwb,
qAqB ‰LvGb, w`Gq gvwUGZ PGj hvGe|
F= k
d2 A eÕ¦yi Avavb, qA = 10C M ˆÌqv AvGQ, PvRÆ«¼Gqi gvb, q1 = 30C, q2 = 40C
10  30
= 9  10 9
B eÕ¦yi Avavb, qB = 30C ‰Gì gaÅKvi bZyb `ƒiZ½, d = 20m/2 = 10 m
12
12
= 2.7  10 N Avavb«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, d = 1m Rvbv AvGQ, KzjGÁ¼i mƒGòi aË‚eK, k = 9  109 Nm2C–2
KzjGÁ¼i aË‚eK, k = 9  109 Nm2kg2 PvRÆ«¼Gqi gaÅKvi KzjÁ¼xq ej, F = ?
 A I B eÕ¦y `ywUi gaÅeZÆx eGji gvb 2.7  102 N (Ans.) qq
Avgiv Rvwb, F = k d1 2 2
N B eÕ¦ywUi mvnvGhÅ ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ cwievnKGK abvñK AvavGb
30C  40C
AvwnZ Kiv mÁ¿e bq| wbGP ‰wU wek`fvGe AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv: = 9  109 Nm2C–2 
(10m)2
i. B eÕ¦ywU abvñK PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ| ‰KwU AbvwnZ cwievnx PQ 11
= 1.08  10 N (Ans.)
wbB| B eÕ¦ywUGK cwievnx PQ ‰i P cÉvG¯¦ awi| AvGeGki dGj
cwievnxi P cÉvG¯¦ e«¬ FYvñK PvRÆ ‰es Q cÉvG¯¦ gyÚ abvñK N q2 ‰i ZworGÞGòi q1 = 30C AvavbGK AvbGZ W1 = 25 J KvR
PvRÆ Drc®² nGe| (wPò: (K)) mÁ·®² KiGZ nq|
ii. B eÕ¦ywUGK Õ¼Õ©vGb îGL cwievnxwU nvZ «¼viv Õ·kÆ Kwi wKsev myZivs, q2 ‰i ZworGÞGòi mswkÏÓ¡ we±`yi wefe,
W1 25J
cwievnx Zvi «¼viv cwievnxGK gvwUi mvG^ hyÚ Kwi, gvwU ˆ^GK V2 = =
q1 30C
= 0.83JC–1 = 0.83 volt
FYvñK PvRÆhyÚ BGjÙÌb ‰Gm Q cÉvG¯¦i abvñK PvRÆGK cÉkwgZ
Avevi, q1 ‰i ZworGÞGò q2 = 40C AvavbGK AvbGZ W2 = 15J
KiGe| (wPò: (L))
B P Q B P Q P Q KvR mÁ·®² KiGZ nq|
myZivs q1 ‰i ZworGÞGòi mswkÏÓ¡ we±`yi wefe,
++ –– ++ ++ –– – –
++ –– ++ ++ –– – –
W2 15J
V1 = = = 0.375 JC–1 = 0.375 volt
q2 40C
(K) (L) (M)
ˆhGnZy 0.83 volt > 0.375 volt
iii. ‰evi PQ cwievnxGK gvwU ˆ^GK wewœQ®² KGi B eÕ¦ywUGK
A^Ævr V2 > V1
mwiGq wbGj cwievnxi P cÉvG¯¦ e«¬ FY PvRÆàGjv `G´£ QwoGq
myZivs q1 PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ eÕ§i Zyjbvq q2 PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ eÕ§i wefe
coGe| ‰fvGe eÕ¦ywU FYvñK PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ nGe (wPò-M)|
A^Ævr ‰KwU abvñK AvavGbi eÕ¦yi gvaÅGg ‰KwU AbvwnZ eÕ¦yGK êwk A^Ævr, q2 PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ eÕ§i Zyjbvq q1 PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ eÕ¦yGZ gyÚ
FYvñK PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ Kiv nq| myZivs abvñK AvavGbi eÕ¦y w`Gq BGjÙÌGbi NbZ½ êwk| ZvB ‰GìGK cwievnx Zvi «¼viv mshyÚ KiGj
Zwor AvGek cÉwKÌqvq ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ eÕ¦yGK abvñK AvavGb AvwnZ BGjÙÌGbi cÉevn q1 PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ eÕ¦y nGZ q2 PvGRÆ PvwRÆZ eÕ¦yi w`GK
Kiv mÁ¿e bq| nGe|
‰Kv`k AaÅvq : Pj we`yÅr

cÉk²  115 XvKv êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8 N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ îvaàGjv mÁ¼wjZ DcKiY eÅenvi KGi evwoi

R2 = 60 
‰KwU KGÞi eZÆbxi wPò wbÁ²i…c : A
R1 = 40 
R1 = 40  R3 = 100  R4 = 150  R5 = 150 
R2 = 60 
+ –
V = 220 V
R3 = 100 
K. InGgi mƒòwU ˆjL| A 1
L. Še`yÅwZK ZvGi myBGPi mwVK msGhvM eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2 R4 = 150 
M. eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn wbYÆq KGiv| A 3 R5 = 150 
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ îvaàGjv mÁ¼wjZ DcKiY eÅenvi KGi
evwoi ‰KwU KGÞi eZÆbxi wPò Aâb KGi ‰i DcGhvwMZv
eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 4
V = 220 V
emZevwoGZ Še`yÅwZK DcKiYàGjv mieivn jvBGbi mvG^ mgv¯¦ivGj
K Zvcgvòv wÕ©i ^vKGj ˆKvGbv cwievnxi gaÅ w`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦ hyÚ Kiv nq| dGj meMyGjv DcKiY mgvb wefe jvf KGi|
ZworcÉevn ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆGKÅi mgvbycvwZK| îvaàGjvi gvb wf®² wf®² nIqvq îvaàGjv mgw®¼Z DcKiYàGjvi gaÅ
L we`yÅr mieivGn `yBwU jvBb ^vGK ‰KwU DœP wefe AbÅwU w`Gq ZwoGZi gvbI wf®² wf®² nGe| ˆh DcKiGYi îvGai gvb Kg
wbiGcÞ| ˆfvGÎŸRnxb wbiGcÞ ZviwU wbivc` wK¯§ DœP wefe Zvi gaÅ w`Gq êwk Zwor cÉevwnZ nGe| cÉwZwU DcKiGYi mvG^
ZviwU wecäbK| Avjv`v Avjv`v myBP ^vGK ˆhb ˆmàGjv Avjv`vfvGe wbq¯Ÿ Kiv hvq|
‰RbÅ DœP wefGei ZvGii mvG^ myBP msGhvM KGi myBGPi mvG^ myBPGK DœP wefGe mvG^ mshyÚ Kiv nq|
h¯¨wU hyÚ Kiv Dîg| KviY myBP Ad KiGj hG¯¨ DœP wefe cÉGek wPGòi eZÆbxwU emZevwoGZ eÅenvi KGi DcKiYàGjv PvjvGbv mÁ¿e|
KiGZ cvGi bv| dGj h¯¨wU cwieZÆb ev AbÅ ˆKvb ìKvGi wbivcG` wK¯§ ˆKvGbv KviGY AwaK gvòvi Zwor cÉevwnZ nGj DcKiYàGjv
Õ·kÆ Kiv hvq| wK¯§ wbiGcÞ ZvGi myBP msGhvM w`Gj myBP Ad
cyGo ˆhGZ cvGi ‰es `yNÆUbv NUGZ cvGi| emZevwoGZ AwaK cÉevn
AeÕ©vqI hG¯¨ DœP wefe ^vGK| dGj myBP Ad AeÕ©vGZI Õ·kÆ
RwbZ `yNÆUbv îva Kivi RbÅ wewf®² cÉevGni wdDR eÅenvi Kiv nq|
Kiv wbivc` bq| ‰ KviGY myBPGK Še`yÅwZK mieivn jvBGbi DœP
hw` ˆKvGbv KviGY jvBGb AwaK cÉevn hvq ZLb wdDR wbGR cyGo
wefe ZvGii mvG^ msGhvM ˆÌqv nq|
ˆmB AsGki msGhvM wewœQ®² KGi ˆ`q| dGj DcKiY àGjv bÓ¡ nIqv
M R1 I R2 ˆkÉwYGZ ^vKvq ZzjÅGiva, A ‰LvGb, ‰es mÁ¿veÅ `yNÆUbv ‰ovGbv hvq|
Rs = R1 + R2 îva, R1 = 40 
ev, Rs = 40 + 60 R2 = 60  ZvB ejv hvq, eZÆbxGZ ˆKvGbv wdDR eÅenvi bv Kivq, eZÆbxwU
 Rs = 100  R3 = 100  `yNÆUbv ‰ovGbvi RbÅ mÁ·ƒYÆ DcGhvMx bq|
Rs I R3 mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKvq ZzjÅGiva Rp1 nGj, R4 = 150 
1 1 1 R5 = 150  cÉk²  116 gqgbwmsn êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7
= +
Rp Rs R3 ZwoœPvjK ej, R1 = 100 
1
V = 220 V
1 1 1 2
ev, R = 100 + 100 = 100 eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva, R4 = 100 
p
1 Req = ?
R2 = 50  R3 = 50 
 Rp = 50 
1 eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn,
I=? 6V
R4 I R5 mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKvq ZzjÅGiva Rp2 nGj,

K. AaÆ-cwievnx KvGK eGj? 1
1 1 1 1 1 2 L. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ ‰es wefe cv^ÆGKÅi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wjL| A2
= + =
Rp R4 R5 150 150 150
+ = M. hw` R1 îvGai ZvGii eÅvmvaÆ 0.1 mm ‰es AvGcwÞK îva
2
 Rp = 75  1.7  10–8 m nq ZvnGj ‰i Š`NÆÅ KZ nGe? A 3
2
N. DóxcGKi eZÆbxi cÉwZwU îvGai gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ Zwor
 eZÆbxi ˆgvU ZzjÅGiva,
Req = Rp + Rp
‰KB bv wf®² nGe MvwYwZK hywÚmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 4
1 2
ev, Req = 50 + 75  Req = 125  116 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
 eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn, K ˆh mKj c`vG^Æi Zwor cwienb ÞgZv mvaviY Zvcgvòvq

V 220 cwievnx ‰es Acwievnx c`vG^Æi gvSvgvwS, ˆm mKj c`v^ÆGK
I= =
Req 125 AaÆcwievnx eGj| A
 I = 1.76 A (Ans.)
L ZwoœPvjK kwÚ I wefe cv^ÆGKÅi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wbGP ˆÌqv nGjv

bs ZwoœPvjK kwÚ wefe cv^ÆKÅ
5 10 
i. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ nGjv eZÆbxi eZÆbxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ nGjv
wefe cv^ÆGKÅi KviY| ZwoœPvjK kwÚi dj| 15 
ii. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ eZÆbxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ eZÆbxi îvGai

îvGai Dci wbfÆi KGi bv| Dci wbfÆi KGi|
11 V
M Avgiv Rvwb, A
 ‰LvGb, K. wiIGÕ¡U KvGK eGj? A 1
L
R1 =  îva, R1 = 100  L. îvGai nËvme†w«¬GZ we`yÅr cÉevn cwiewZÆZ nq ˆKb? A 2
A 0.1
eÅvmvaÆ, r = 0.1 mm = 1000 m M. DóxcGKi eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
RA
ev, L = 1 N. eZÆbxi îvaàGjvGK KxfvGe mvRvGj eZÆbxi ZworcÉevn 1
= 1  104 m A nGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4
100  3.14  108 AvGcwÞK îva,  = 1.7  108  m
ev, L = 1.7  108 117 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ZvGii cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A = r2
 L = 184.71 m (Ans.) K ˆh îvGai gvb cÉGqvRb Abyhvqx cwieZÆb Kiv hvq ZvGK

=   (1  104)2
cwieZxÆ îvaK ev wiIGÕ¡U eGj| A
= 3.14  108 m2
L Zwor cwievnxi ˆh aGgÆi RbÅ ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ we`yÅr
Š`NÆÅ, L = ?
evavMÉÕ© nq ZvGKB îva ejv nq| I’Ggi mƒò nGZ cvB, A
N R2, R3 I R4 îvaòq mgv¯¦ivGj ‰LvGb, I=
V
R
^vKvq ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, A îva, R1 = 100  1
1 1 1 1 R2 = 50  ev, I  R ; hLb V aË‚e
= + +
Rp R2 R3 R4
R3 = 50  A^Ævr, wefe cv^ÆKÅ aË‚e ^vKGj we`yÅr cÉevn I îva ciÕ·Gii
1 1 1 1
ev, R = 50 + 50 + 100 R4 = 100  eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK| îva êwk nGj we`yÅr cÉevn Kg nGe ‰es îva Kg
p
1 1 ZwoœPvjK ej, E = 6 V nGj we`yÅr cÉevn êwk nGe| dGj îvGai nËvm e†w«¬GZ we`yÅr
ev, R = 20 aiv hvK, eZÆbxi ˆgvU cÉevGniI nËvm e†w«¬ NGU| ‰QvovI Zvcgvòv e†w«¬GZ cwievnxi îva
p
 Rp = 20  ZzjÅGiva Req, e†w«¬ cvq ‰es we`yÅr cÉevn Kg nq|
gƒjÅ Zwor cÉevn, I = ? M eZÆbxGZ R1 I R2 ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ ‰LvGb,
ZzjÅGiva, Req = R1 + Rp ^vKvq ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, îva, R1 = 5 
ev, Req = 100 + 20 Rs = R1 + R2 = 5 + 10 = 15  R2 = 10 
 Req = 120  Avevi, Rs I R3 mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ^vKvq R3 = 15 
E eZÆbxi ˆgvU ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj,
eZÆbxi gƒj cÉevn, I = R 1 1 1
eq
= +
6 Rp Rs R3
ev, I = 120 1 1 1 2 1
ev, R = 15 + 15 = 15 = 7.5
p
 I = 0.05 A
 Rp = 7.5  (Ans.)
R1 ‰i gaÅw`Gq cÉevwnZ Zwor, IR = I = 0.05A
N Avgiv Rvwb,

Rp ‰i `yBcÉv¯¦ Z^v R2, R3 I R4 ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ
V = IR ‰LvGb,
Vp = IRp
V
ev, Vp = 0.05  20 ev, R= eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn, I = 1 A
I
 Vp = 1 V 11 eZÆbxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = 11 V
= = 11 
Vp 1 1 eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva, R = ?
R2 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn, IR2 = R = 50
2 A^Ævr eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva 11  nGj ‰i gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevn 1 A
 IR = 0.02 A
2 nGe|
Vp 1 10  I 15  îvaGK mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq ‰es 5  îvaGK ‰Gì
R3 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn, IR3 = R = 50
3 mvG^ ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ KiGj eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva 11  nGe|
 IR = 0.02 A 10 
3 5
15 
Vp 1
 R4 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn, IR4 = R = 100
4
 IR = 0.01 A
4
AZ‰e, DóxcGKi cÉwZwU îvGai gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ Zwor wf®²| 11 V

÷aygvò R2 ‰es R3 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ Zwor ‰KB| 10  I 15  mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj,
1
=
1
+
1
=
3+2 5 1
= = N Avgiv Rvwb, A
 ‰LvGb,
Rp 10 15 30 30 6 E2 ‘M’ nGZ cÉvµ¦,
P=
 Rp = 6  Req ZzjÅGiva, Req = 11 
Rp I 5  ˆkÉwYGZ ^vKvq ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, R = 6 + 5 = 11  (220)2 ZwoœPvjK kwÚ,
= = 4400 W
11
E = 220 V
ZvB 10  I 15  îva«¼qGK mgv¯¦ivGj ‰es ‰Gì mvG^ 5  ‰Kw`Gb eÅwqZ kwÚ,
mgq, t = 5 N¥Ÿv
îvaGK ˆkÉwYGZ ivLGj eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn 1 A nGe| W=Pt
ÞgZv, P = ?
cÉk²  118 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5 ev, W = 4400  5
eÅwqZ kwÚ, W = ?
wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI:  W = 22000 Wh =
22000
kWh = 22 kWh
R2 R3 1000
 30 w`Gb eÅwqZ kwÚ = 22 kWh  30
R1 R4 = 660 kWh = 660 unit
AZ‰e, eZÆbxwU cÉwZw`b 5 N¥Ÿv KGi PvjvGj 30 w`Gb 660 BDwbU
220 V
we`yÅr kwÚ eÅq nGe|
R1 = R2 = 5 , R3 = 5  ‰es R4 = 15  cÉk²  119 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7
K. mvwKÆU KvGK eGj? 1 2
L. evmvevwoGZ mgv¯¦ivj eZÆbx eÅenvi Kiv nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv A

2
B
2
KGiv| 2 2
M. wPòwUi gƒj Zwor cÉevn wbYÆq KGiv| 3

N. eZÆbxwU cÉwZw`b 5 N¥Ÿv KGi PvjvGj 30 w`Gb KZ BDwbU + –
6V
we`yÅr kwÚ eÅq nGe? MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 K. eZÆbx KvGK eGj? A 1
118 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L. we`yÅGZi wmGÕ¡g jm KxfvGe nq eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2
K Zwor cÉevGni mÁ·ƒYÆ c^GK mvwKÆU ev eZÆbx eGj| A M. eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
L evmvevwoGZ we`yÅZvqGbi RbÅ mgv¯¦ivj eZÆbx DcGhvMx| N. eZÆbxwU KxfvGe mvRvGj Zwor cÉevn 1.2 A nGe? wPGòi
mvnvGhÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4
evmvevwoGZ eZÆbxGZ Zwor DcKiYàGjv ‰gbfvGe mvRvGbv ^vGK
ˆh, cÉGZÅKwUi ‰K cÉv¯¦ ‰KwU mvaviY we±`yGZ ‰es Aci cÉv¯¦ AbÅ 119 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
‰KwU mvaviY we±`yGZ mshyÚ ^vGK, ‰ aiGbi msGhvMGK mgv¯¦ivj K Zwor cÉevn Pjvi mÁ·ƒYÆ c^GK Zwor eZÆbx eGj| A
eZÆbx eGj| ‰B msGhvGMi dGj cÉGZÅKwU DcKiY ‰KB ˆfvGÎŸR L we`yÅr mçvjGbi mgq cwievnx ZvGi ˆh we`yÅr kwÚ Zvc kwÚGZ
mieivn cvq, wK¯§ DcKiYàGjv wf®² wf®² cÉevn MÉnY KGi| ‰B i…cv¯¦wiZ nq ZvGK wmGÕ¡g jm eGj| we`yÅr Drcv`b ˆKG±`Ê Drc®²
eZÆbxGZ BœQvgGZv ˆKvGbv DcKiY Pvjy ev e®¬ Kiv hvq| ZvB we`yÅr kwÚ cwievnx ZvGii mvnvGhÅ cÉ^Gg mve-GÕ¡kGb ‰es ˆmLvb
ˆ^GK MÉvnK chÆvGq weZiY Kiv nq| we`yÅr mçvjGbi RbÅ ˆh
evmvevwoGZ ev M†Gn we`yÅZvqGbi RbÅ mgv¯¦ivj eZÆbx eÅenvi Kiv
cwievnx Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq ‰iI wKQz cwigvY îva AvGQ| dGj
nq| A
wKQz cwigvY we`yÅr kwÚ ZvGc i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| ‰ KviGY MÉvnK chÆvGq
M R1 I R2 îva«¼q ˆkÉwYGZ ^vKvq ‰LvGb, cÉvµ¦ we`yÅr kwÚ we`yÅr ˆKG±`Ê Drcvw`Z we`yÅr kwÚ AGcÞv Kg nq|
‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, A îva, R1 = R2 = 5 
R3 = 5 
‰fvGeB we`yÅGZi wmGÕ¡g jm nGq ^vGK| A
Rs = R1 + R2
ev, Rs = 5 + 5 R4 = 15  M 24 (M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 0.5 A
 Rs = 10  ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, N 24(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 2  ‰i `yBwU
Rs I R4 mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKvq ‰Gì E = 220 V îvaGK mgv¯¦ivGj îGL evwK `ywU îvaGK ‰Gì mvG^ ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ
ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj, gƒj cÉevn, I = ? KiGZ nGe|
1 1 1 cÉk²  120 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7
 = +
Rp Rs R4
ZgvGji evmvq 70 IqvGUi 3 wU dÅvb ‰es 20 IqvGUi 5 wU evwZ
1 1 3+2 5 1
= +
10 15
=
30
= = 
30 6 AvGQ| cÉwZw`b 15 N¥Ÿv KGi dÅvb ‰es 8 N¥Ÿv KGi evwZ PvjvGbv
 Rp = 6  nq| Zvi evmvi we`yÅr eÅeÕ©v 220 V we`yÅr mieivn jvBGbi mvG^
Rp I R3 ˆkÉwYGZ ^vKvq eZÆbxi ˆgvU ZzjÅGiva, mshyÚ|
Req = Rp + R3 K. ‰K wKGjvIqvU-N¥Ÿv KvGK eGj? A 1
ev, Req = (6 + 5)  L. `ƒi `ƒivG¯¦ we`yÅr cwienGbi ˆÞGò wKQy we`yÅr kwÚ AcPq
 Req = 11  nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2
E M. ‰KwU evwZi îva wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
Avgiv Rvwb, I = R
eq N. ZgvGji evmvq ‰KgvGm dÅvb I evwZi RbÅ ˆgvU KZ
220 BDwbU we`yÅrkwÚ LiP nGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4
= = 20 A (Ans.)
11
K wKGjvIqvU N¥Ÿv KvR ev kwÚi ‰KwU ‰KK| ‰K wKGjvIqvU K ˆh mKj c`vG^Æi Zwor cwienb ÞgZv mvaviY Zvcgvòvq
ÞgZv mÁ·®² ˆKvGbv h¯¨ ‰K N¥Ÿv aGi KvR KiGj ˆh kwÚ eÅq nq cwievnx ‰es Acwievnx c`vG^Æi gvSvgvwS, ˆm mKj c`v^ÆGK
ZvB ‰K wKGjvIqvU N¥Ÿv| A AaÆ-cwievnx eGj|
L `ƒi `ƒivG¯¦ we`yÅr ˆcÉiGYi ˆÞGò DîvcRwbZ kwÚ Þq I L ˆKvGbv Zwor Drm ‰KK abvñK AvavbGK eZÆbxi ‰K we±`y
ZwoGZi wmGÕ¡g jm nq, ‰ KviGY wKQy we`yÅr kwÚ AcPq nq| ˆ^GK Drmmn mÁ·ƒYÆ eZÆbx NywiGq Avevi H we±`yGZ AvbGZ ˆh
`ƒi `ƒivG¯¦ we`yÅr ˆcÉiGYi RbÅ eÅen†Z ZvGii wfZi w`Gq hZ êwk cwigvY KvR mÁ·®² KGi Zv nj H DrGmi ZworPvjK kwÚ| ˆKvb
Zwor cÉevn PGj, ‰wU ZZB Dîµ¦ nGZ ^vGK| ‰B ZvckwÚ ZworPvjK DrGmi AfÅ¯¦ixY îva r, evBGii eZÆbxi îva R I
cvwicvwk¼ÆK evqyGZ QwoGq cGo| ‰B ZvckwÚi Drcv`Gb Zwor eÅq cÉevn I nGj ZworPvjK kwÚ E nGj, E = I(R + r)| A
nq ‰es AcPq NGU| ‰Qvov Zvi hZ êwk Dîµ¦ nq ‰i îvaI ZZ M Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
evoGZ ^vGK| ‰ KviGY `ƒi`ƒivG¯¦ Zwor ˆcÉiGYi ˆÞGò wKQy cwigvY eÅwqZ we`yÅr kwÚ, W = Pt cÉwZwU evwZi ÞgZv = 25 W
we`yÅr kwÚ AcPq nq| A = (50  4) Wh 2 wU evwZi ˆgvU ÞgZv,
‰LvGb, = 200 Wh P = (2  25) W
M Avgiv Rvwb, A = 0.2 kWh = 50 W
V2 evwZi ÞgZv, P = 20 W
P= = 0.2 unit (Ans.) mgq, t = 4 hr
R wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = 220 V
V2 N

ev, R = evwZi îva, R = ? consumer unit
P N N
(220)2 L L
= = 2420  = 2.42 k N Earth
20 Supply
Cable
main
 1 wU evwZi îva 2.42 k (Ans.) switch
N
N L
N cÉwZw`b 15 N¥Ÿv KGi ‰LvGb,

L N
 25 W
N L
Socket
dÅvb PjGj 1 w`Gb dÅvGbi 70 W ‰i 3 wU dÅvGbi ˆgvU ÞgZv

L
25 W L L
L
RbÅ ˆgvU eÅwqZ kwÚ, = (70  3) W = 210 W N
W1 = P1 t 20 W ‰i 5 wU evwZi ˆgvU ÞgZv

= (210  15) Wh = (20  5) W = 100 W wPò : cÉ`î DcKiY eÅenvi KGi evmvevwoi RbÅ eZÆbxi bKkv|
= 3150 Wh Š`wbK dÅvb PvjvGbvi mgq, t = 15 h ‰LvGb, mvµÏvB ˆKej ˆ^GK Zwor MÉvnK cÉvG¯¦ ‰ AvGm| ˆmLvb ˆ^GK
= 3.15 kWh
1 wU KÞ we`yÅr mieivn Kiv nq| ‰LvGb 3 aiGbi KÅvej eÅenvi
cÉwZw`b 8 N¥Ÿv KGi evwZ ‰LvGb, Kiv nq@ jvBf (L), wbDUÇvj (N), MÉvD´£| MÉvnK cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK w^Ë wcb
R¾vjvGbv nGj 1 w`Gb evwZi Š`wbK evwZ PvjvGbvi mgq, t = 8 h mGKU w`Gq 2 wU 25 W ‰i evwZ I ‰KwU dÅvbGK mgv¯¦ivGj msGhvM
RbÅ ˆgvU eÅwqZ kwÚ, ˆÌqv nq| ‰GZ cÉwZwU jvBGbi mvG^ Avjv`v KGi myBP jvMvGbv
W2 = P2 t hvq| MÉvnK cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK AvGiKwU KÅvej myBGPi gvaÅGg ˆgBb mGKGU
= (100  8) Wh = 800 Wh = 0.8 kWh
hyÚ nq| ˆhLvb ˆ^GK 1 wU w^Ë wcb mGKU I 2 wU Uz-wcb mGKGU
1 w`Gb evwZ I dÅvGbi RbÅ ˆgvU eÅwqZ kwÚ, W = W2 + W2
msGhvM hvq| w^Ë wcb mGKUàGjvi mvG^ f„msGhvM ˆÌqv ^vGK|
= (3.15 + 0.8) kWh
= 3.95 kWh cÉk²  122 hGkvi êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8
 1 gvm ev 30 w`Gb evwZ I dÅvGbi RbÅ ˆgvU eÅwqZ kwÚ
= (3.95  30) kWh ‰KwU AwdGm 100 W ‰i wZbwU dÅvb ‰es 60 W ‰i PviwU evwZ
= 118.5 kWh 220 V wefev¯¦Gi mshyÚ AvGQ| cÉwZw`b dÅvb wZbwU 6 N¥Ÿv ‰es
= 118.5 unit [‹ 1 kWh = l unit] evwZ PviwU 8 N¥Ÿv KGi eÅenvi Kiv nq|
 ZgvjGì evmvq ‰KgvGm ˆgvU 118.5 unit we`yÅrkwÚ LiP nGe| K. Acwievnx c`v^Æ KvGK eGj? A 1
cÉk²  121 wmGjU êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8 L. ˆKvGbv cwievnx ZvGii Š`NÆÅ e†w«¬ KiGj îva e†w«¬ cvq
ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2
bewbwgÆZ evmvevwoi ‰KwU KGÞ we`yÅr msGhvGMi RbÅ ÛKwbwkqvb, M. ivwòKvGj eÅen†Z ‰KwU evwZi îva wbYÆq KGiv| A 3
ˆh mKj Še`yÅwZK DcKiGYi Pvwn`v w`GqGQb, Zv wbÁ²i…c: N. ‰KgvGm dÅvb I evwZi gGaÅ ˆKvbwUGZ êwk we`yÅr kwÚ
1. w^Ë-wcb mGKU 2 wU 2. Uz-wcb mGKU 2 wU eÅq nGe? MvwYwZKfvGe gZvgZ `vI| A 4
3. myBP 4 wU 4. evwZ 2 wU (cÉwZwU 25 W) 122 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
5. dÅvb 1 wU 6. Še`yÅwZK Zvi|
K ˆh mKj c`vG^Æi gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevn PjGZ cvGibv ZvGìGK
K. AaÆ-cwievnx c`v^Æ KvGK eGj? A 1
Acwievnx ev A¯¦iK c`v^Æ eGj| A
L. ˆKvGli ZwoœPvjK kwÚ ejGZ Kx êvSvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. evwZ `y’wU ‰KGò 4 N¥Ÿv eÅenvi KiGj, Kx cwigvY we`yÅr L ‰KwU ZviGK mylgfvGe ÛGb jÁ¼v KiGj îvGai Š`GNÆÅi
kwÚ eÅq nGe? wbYÆq KGiv| A 3 mƒòvbymvGi îva cwievnGKi Š`GNÆÅi mvG^ mgvbycvwZK nvGi e†w«¬
N. DwÍÏwLZ DcKiYàGjv eÅenvi KGi eZÆbxi bKkv Aâb cvGe| ˆhgb ˆKvGbv ZviGK ÛGb jÁ¼v KGi ‰i Š`NÆÅ Avw` Š`GNÆÅi
KGiv| 4 wZbàY KiGj îva cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq (3  3) ev 9 àY nGe| A
M 53 (M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 806.7  A
 M. eZÆbxwUi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N cÉwZw`b 6 N¥Ÿv KGi ‰LvGb,
 N. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ wÕ©i îGL DwÍÏwLZ îvaàwj «¼viv M†Gn eÅenvi
dÅvb PjGj 30 w`Gb dÅvGbi 100 W ‰i 3 wU dÅvGbi ˆgvU ÞgZv DcGhvMx eZÆbx Aâb KGi `yB eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn Zzjbv KGiv| 4
RbÅ ˆgvU eÅwqZ kwÚ, = (100  3) W = 300 W
W1 = P1t
60 W ‰i 4 wU evwZi ˆgvU ÞgZv K Zvcgvòv wÕ©i ^vKGj ˆKvGbv cwievnxi gaÅ w`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦

= (300  6  30) Wh
= (60  4) W = 240 W ZworcÉevn ‰i `yBcÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆGKÅi mgvbycvwZK|
= 54000 Wh
Š`wbK dÅvb PvjvGbvi mgq, t = 6 h L E ZwoœPvjK kwÚ ‰es r AfÅ¯¦ixY îva wewkÓ¡ ˆKvGbv ˆmGji
= 54 kWh
ZwoœPvjK kwÚ (E)
mvG^ R îva hyÚ KiGj eZÆbxi we`yÅr cÉevn, I =
cÉwZw`b 8 N¥Ÿv KGi evwZ Š`wbK evwZ R¾vjvGbvi mgq, t = 8 h ˆgvU îva (R + r)
R¾vjvGbv nGj 30 w`Gb evwZi E
ev, I = R + r
RbÅ ˆgvU eÅwqZ kwÚ,
W2 = P2t ev, E = IR + Ir
= (240  8  30) Wh = 57600 Wh = 57.6 kWh ev, E = V + Ir (‰LvGb V ewn:îvGai RbÅ wefe cZb)
 dÅvGbi eÅwqZ we`yÅrkwÚ (54 kWh) < evwZi eÅvwqZ we`yÅrkwÚ
‰Lb, ˆmGji gaÅw`Gq Zwor cÉevwnZ nIqvi mgq ‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi
(57.6 kWh) wewf®² aiGbi ivmvqwbK c`vG^Æi RbÅ Zwor cÉevn evavMÉÕ© nq|
myZivs ‰KgvGm evwZGZ êwk we`yÅr kwÚ eÅq nGe| ‰B evav Z^v AfÅ¯¦ixY îva AwZKÌg KiGZ V = Ir cwigvY
wefGei cZb nq|
cÉk²  123 ewikvj êvWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7  E = V + V ˆhGnZz V  0 ZvB V < E
10 
20 
dGj îvGai `y’cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ ˆKvGli ZwoœPvjK kwÚ AGcÞv
A B C
15  Kg nq|
M mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ `ywU 4 îvGai ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj

+ – 1 1 1 2
= + =
3V Rp 4 4 4
K. wefe cv^ÆKÅ KvGK eGj? A 1 4
 Rp = = 2
L. Zwor ‰i wmGÕ¡g jm ˆKb nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| A 2 2
M. B I C we±`yi wefe cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq KGiv| A 3 Avevi, ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ `ywU Rp ZzjÅGiva wewkÓ¡ mgv¯¦ivj mgevq I 2
N. DóxcGKi eZÆbxi îvaàGjvGK KxfvGe mvRvGj ZzjÅGiva 10  îvGai ZzjÅGiva R nGj,
R = Rp + Rp + 2
nGe? eZÆbx Aâb KGi MvwYwZK weGkÏlY KGiv| A 4 =2+2+2
123 bs cÉGk²i Dîi = 6 (Ans.)
K we`yÅrevnx eZÆbxi ˆKvGbv ‰K we±`y nGZ Aci ‰K we±`yGZ N wPGòi eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevn, I nGj, A
‰KwU ‰KK abvñK PvRÆGK AvbGZ ˆh cwigvY KvR mvwaZ nq, V ‰LvGb,
ZvGK H we±`y«¼Gqi wefe cv^ÆKÅ eGj| A I=
R ‘M’ nGZ ZzjÅGiva, R = 6
L we`yÅr mçvjGbi mgq cwievnx ZvGi ˆh we`yÅr kwÚ Zvc kwÚGZ 6
= = 1A
6 ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, V = 6V
i…cv¯¦wiZ nq ZvGK wmGÕ¡g jm eGj| we`yÅr Drcv`b ˆKG±`Ê Drc®²
M†Gn eÅenvi DcGhvMx eZÆbxGZ meKwU îva mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ^vKGe|
we`yÅr kwÚ cwievnx ZvGii mvnvGhÅ cÉ^Gg mve-ˆÕ¡kGb ‰es ˆmLvb
ˆ^GK MÉvnK chÆvGq weZiY Kiv nq| we`yÅr mçvjGbi RbÅ ˆh eZÆbxwU wbÁ²i…c
4Ω
cwievnx Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq ‰iI wKQz cwigvY îva AvGQ| dGj 4Ω
wKQz cwigvY we`yÅr kwÚ ZvGc i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| ‰ KviGY MÉvnK chÆvGq 2Ω
cÉvµ¦ we`yÅr kwÚ we`yÅr ˆKG±`Ê Drcvw`Z we`yÅr kwÚ AGcÞv Kg nq| 4Ω
dGj Zwor ‰i wmGÕ¡g jm ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| A 4Ω
M 11(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|
N 11(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ| A 6V
cÉk² 124 XvKv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6 mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ 4wU 4 îva I 1wU 2 îvGai ZzjÅGiva, R nGj,
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4+2 6
2 = + + + + = = A
R 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
4 2
 R = = 
4 4 6 3
4 V 6
 eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevn I nGj, I = = = 9A
6V R 2
K. I’ˆgi mƒòwU wjL| 1 3
L. ‰KwU eZÆbx Pvjy ^vKGj wefe cv^ÆGKÅi Zzjbvq ZwoœPvjK  I = 9I A^Ævr, eZÆbxwUGK M†Gn eÅenvi DcGhvMx eZÆbxi bÅvq Kiv
kwÚi gvb meÆ`v êwk ^vGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 nGj eZÆbxGZ Zwor cƒGeÆi 1A ‰i 9 àY A^Ævr 9A nGe|
cÉk² 125 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8 N DóxcGKi eZÆbxGZ mgv¯¦ivj mgevqwUGZ wefe cv^ÆKÅ nGe
A B ZwoœPvjK kwÚi mgvb hv V1 = 220V
‰Lb, A I B ‰i gGaÅ 10 îva hyÚ Kiv nGj, eZÆbxwU nGe
A 10 B
2 4 V
2 4 V
+ 
220V
K. ˆZRwÕ˜qZv KvGK eGj? 1
L. `ywU Amgvb abvñK AvavGbi wbiGcÞ we±`y Þz`ËZi AvavGbi 220V
wbKUZi ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 ‰Lb mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ V2 nGj,
M. cÉ`î eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn wbYÆq KGiv| 3 V2 =
RP
V ‰LvGb,
RP + R3 ‘M’ nGZ mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi ZzjÅGiva,
N. hw` A I B ‰i gvSLvGb 10 îva hyÚ Kiv nq ZGe wefe 4
4
cv^ÆKÅ wK cwieZÆb nGe? hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 3 RP = 
3
=  220
+ 10 A I B ‰i gaÅKvi îva, R3 = 10
3
K ˆKvGbv ˆgŒj ˆ^GK Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆfvGe ˆZRwÕKÌq KYv ev iwkÄ wbMÆgGbi = 25.88 V ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, V = 220V
NUbvGK ˆZRwÕ˜qZv eGj| A^Ævr, wefe cv^ÆKÅ 220 V nGZ KGg 25.88 V nq|
L q1 q2
AZ‰e, A I B ‰i gvGS 10 îva hyÚ Kiv nGj wefe cv^ÆKÅ
x dx (220  25.88) = 194.12 V nËvm cvGe|
+ d
+
gGb Kwi, d `ƒiGZ½ q1 I q2 abvñK PvRÆwewkÓ¡ `ywU eÕ§ ivLv AvGQ 10
ˆhLvGb, q1 < q2
‰Lb, q1 nGZ x `ƒiGZ½ wbiGcÞ we±`y nGj DÚ we±`yGZ Dfq PvRÆ 12
12
12
KZÆ†K m†Ó¡ Zwor cÉvejÅ mgvb I wecixZ nGe|
 E1 = E2
q q
ev, k x21 = k (d 2x)2 6 Volt
K. îva KvGK eGj? 1
q q
ev, x21 = (d 2x)2 L. f„msGhvM Zvi wbÁ² îvGai nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGiv| 3
x2 q
ev, (d  x)2 = q1 < 1 [ q1 < q2] N. eZÆbxi îvaàGjvGK KxfvGe mvRvGj cÉvq 3.14 IqvU Zwor
2
x2
ÞgZv cvIqv hvGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 4
ev, (d  x)2 < 1 126 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ev, x2 < (d  x)2 K cwievnxi ˆh aGgÆi RbÅ ‰i gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevn wewN³Z nq

ev, x < d  x ZvGK îva eGj| A
 wbiGcÞ we±`ywU q1 (Þz`ËZi) ‰i AwaK wbKUZi nGe| L wewf®² Še`yÅwZK h¯¨vsGki avZe AsGk wewf®² KviGY Še`yÅwZK
M eZÆbxGZ mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ R1 = 2 I R2 = 4 îvGai ZzjÅGiva Avavb Rgv nq| ˆKD ˆhb ‰ avZe Ask Õ·kÆ KGi `yNUÆ bvi mÁÃyLxb

RP nGj, bv nq, ‰KviGY h¯¨vskàGjvi avZe AskGK f„mshyÚ Kiv nq ˆhb
1 1 1 mwçZ PvRÆ mnGR f„wgGZ PGj ˆhGZ cvGi| Av`kÆ f„msGhvGMi ˆÞGò
= +
RP R1 R2 msGhvMKvix ZvGii îva kƒbÅ nIqv DwPr, AbÅ^vq h¯¨vskàGjv f„wg
1 R 2 + R1
ev, R = R R nGZ ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ wefe cv^ÆGKÅ ^vKGe, dGj ˆKD Õ·kÆ KiGj Zvi
P 1 2 kK LvIqvi mÁ¿vebv ^vGK| wK¯§ cÉK‡ZcGÞ kƒbÅ îvGai Zvi cvIqv
R 1R 2
ev, RP = R + R mÁ¿e bq| ‰KviGY Lye wbÁ² gvGbi îvGai Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq| A
1 2
24 4 M wPGòi eZÆbxGZ mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ wZbwU 12 îvGai ZzjÅGiva, Rp
 RP = =  1 1 1 1 3
2+4 3
nGj R = 12 + 12 + 12 = 12
 eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevn, I nGj, p
12
I=
V ‰LvGb,  Rp =
3
= 4
RP
ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, V = 220V Avevi, mgv¯¦ivj mgevqwUi mvG^ ˆkÉwYGZ ^vKv 10 îvGai
220
=
4 Zwor cÉevn, I = ? Z„jÅGiva Rs nGj
3 Rs = 10 + Rp
= 165 A (Ans.) = 10 + 4 = 14 (Ans.) A
N eZÆbxGZ, P = 3.14 W ÞgZv cvIqv ˆMGj ZzjÅGiva R nGj, M wPGòi eZÆbxi ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ R3 = 10 I R4 = 20 îvGai

V2 ‰LvGb, ZzjÅGiva, Rs1 nGj,
P=
R ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, V = 6V Rs1= R3 + R4 = 10 + 20 = 30 
V2
ev, R = P Avevi, mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ Rs1 I R5 = 20
62 îvGai ZzjÅGiva, Rp nGj,
= = 11.46 
3.14 1 1 1
= +
eZÆbxi îvaàGjvGK wbÁ²i…Gc mvRvGbv nGj ZzjÅGiva 11.47 nq: Rp Rs1 R5
12 12 1 1 2+3 5
= + = =
30 20 60 60
10 12
60
Rp = = 12
5
6V  ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ Rp, R1 = R2 = 10 îvGai ZzjÅGiva R nGj,
ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ `ywU 12 îvGai ZzjÅGiva Rs1 nGj, R = Rp + R1 + R2 = 12 + 10 + 10 = 32 (Ans.)
Rs1 = 12 + 12 = 24 N ‰LvGb,
ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ 12 I 10 îvGai ZzjÅGiva, Rs2 nGj, M. nGZ eZÆbxi ZzjÅ îva, R = 32 
Rs2 = 12 + 10 = 22 eZÆbxq ZwoœPvjK ej, E = 10V
mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ Rs1 I Rs2 ‰i ZzjÅGiva R nGj, myZivs, gƒj ev R1 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn
1 1 1 1 1 23 E 10 V
= = = I= = = 0.3125 A
R Rs1 + Rs2 24 + 22 264 R 32 
264 Rp ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ
R = = 11.47 Vp = RpI = 123  0.3125 A = 3.75 V
23
 R = R
dGj DÚfvGe eZÆbxwU mvRvGj cÉvµ¦ ÞgZv cÉvq 3.14 W nGe| Rs1 Z^v R3 ‰i gaÅw`qv
Vp 75 V
cÉk² 127 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4 I3 = = 0.125 A
Rs1 30 
R3 R4 Rs ‰i gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn
R1 R2 10 20 Vp 3.75 V
I5 = = = 0.1875
R5 20 
10 10
A B
R1 îvGai ÞgZv
R5 = 20
I I P1 = I2R1 = (0.3125)2  10 = 0.977 W
R3 îvGai ÞgZv
(K) P3 = I32R3 = (0.125)2  10 = 0.156 W
E = 10V
R5 îvGai ÞgZv
K. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
P5 = I52R5 = (0.1875)2  20 = 0.703 W
L. Zvcgvòv, Dcv`vb ‰es cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj aË‚e ^vKGj 100
jÞ Kwi, P1 > P5 > P3 A^Ævr R1 ‰i ÞgZv meÆvwaK|
wgUvi Š`GNÆÅi Zvi cÉÕ© eivei mgvb `yB UzKiv KiGj
îvGai wK cwieZÆb nGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 cÉk² 128 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7
M. ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGiv| 3 ( K1 )
R1 = 4
N. R1, R3 I R5 ‰i gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi ÞgZv êwk? MvwYwZKfvGe
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 ( K2 )
R2 = 4 R3 = 2
K ˆKvGbv Zwor Drm KZ‡ÆK ‰KK abvñK AvavbGK eZÆbxi ‰K
we±`y ˆ^GK mÁ·ƒYÆ eZÆbx NywiGq Avevi H we±`yGZ AvbGZ ˆh cwigvY E = 3V
KvR mÁ·®² nq, ZvGK H DrGmi ZwoœPvjK kwÚ eGj| A K. Zwor ZxeËZv KvGK eGj? 1
L Zvcgvòv, Dcv`vb I cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj AcwiewZÆZ îGL L. iycvi AvGcwÞK îva 1.6  10 m ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2
8
100 m Š`GNÆÅi ZvGii cÉÕ© eivei mgvb `yB UzKiv Kiv nGj cƒGeÆi M. K1 I K2 e®¬ AeÕ©vq eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGiv| 3
I cGii cÉwZwU UzKivi îva h^vKÌGg Ri I Rf nGj, A N. Dfq Pvwe e®¬ AeÕ©vq ‰es ˆKejgvò K1 e®¬ AeÕ©vq
Lf R1 ‰i ÞgZvi cv^ÆKÅ nGe wK? MvwYwZK eÅvLÅv `vI| 4

Rf
=
A Lf
= =
50
=
1 128 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Ri Li Li 100 2

A K Zwor ˆÞGòi ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ ‰KwU ‰KK abvñK Avavb Õ©vcb

Ri KiGj ˆmwU ˆh ej Abyfe KGi ZvGK H we±`yi Zwor ZxeËZv eGj|
 Rf =
2
L ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq ‰KK Š`NÆÅ I ‰KK cÉÕ©GœQGì
A^Ævr, `yB UzKiv ZvGii cÉwZwUi îva cƒGeÆi cyGiv ZviwUi îvGai ˆÞòdj wewkÓ¡ ZvGii îvaGK H ZvGii AvGcwÞK îva ejv nq|
AGaÆK nGe|
ZvnGj, i…cvi AvGcwÞK îva 1.6  10–8 m ejGZ êvSvq, wbw`ÆÓ¡ L ˆh ˆKvGbv cwievnK abvñK Avavb jvf KiGj ‰i wefe e†w«¬
Zvcgvòvq 1m Š`NÆÅ I 1m2 cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj wewkÓ¡ i…cvi cvq| wK¯§ cwievnKwU hw` AwZKvq ˆMvjK nq ZvnGj abvñK
ZvGii îva nGe 1.6  10–8  A Avavb e†w«¬i KviGY ‰i wefGei e†w«¬ ZZUv jÞYxq nq bv| ZvB
wekvj ˆKvGbv cwievnGK Avavb w`Gj ev cwievnK ˆ^GK Avavb
M K1 I K2 e®¬ AeÕ©vq eZÆbxwU wbÁ²i…c A
R1 = 4
wbGj evnÅZ ‰i wefGei ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv| ˆhgb mvMi ˆ^GK
‰K evjwZ cvwb ZzGj wbGj ev ‰K evjwZ cvwb ˆXGj w`Gj ‰i
cvwbZGji DœPZvi ˆKvGbvB cwieZÆb nq bv| AvgvGì c†wêx nGœQ
R2 = 4 R3 = 2 ˆZgwb ‰K AwZKvq cwievnK| ‰wU FYvñK AvavGbi ‰K wekvj
fvívi| ZvB ‰GZ wKQy BGjKUÇb ‰Gj ev ‰ ˆ^GK wKQy BGjKUÇb
PGj ˆMGj ‰i wefGei ˆZgb ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv| ZvB c†wêxi
E = 3V wefeGK kƒbÅ aiv nq|
ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ R2 = 4 I R3 = 2 îvGai ZzjÅGiva, Rs nGj M
Rs = R2 + R3 = 4 + 2 = 6 R1 = 2 R2 = 6
Avevi, mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ R1 = 4 I Rs = 6 îvGai ZzjÅGiva R
1 1 1 1 1 2+3 5
nGj, R = R + R = 6 + 4 = 12 = 12 I R3 = 5 R4 = 3
s 1
12
R= = 2.4 (Ans.)
5
VE = 12V
N K1 I K2 DfqB e®¬ AeÕ©vq eZÆbxGZ mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ R1 ‰es
R1 I R2 ‰i ZzjÅGiva Rs1 nGj, Rs1 = R1 + R2
R2 I R3 ‰i ˆkÉwY mgevGqi wefe cv^ÆKÅ mgvb hv ZwoœPvjK kwÚ
= (2 + 6)
E ‰i mgvb| A = 8
Avevi, K2 ˆLvjv îGL ˆKej K1 e®¬ ivLGj I R1 ‰i wefe cv^ÆKÅ R3 I R4 ‰i ZzjÅGiva Rs nGj, Rs = R3 + R4
2 2
ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, E ‰i mgvb nGe| = (5 + 3)
= 8
R1 = 4 Rs2 I Rs2 ‰i ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj,
1 1 1
= +
Rp Rs1 Rs2
1 1 1
3V
ev, R = 8 + 8
E = 6V p
 Rp = 4
V
 1g I w«¼Zxq ˆÞGò R1 ‰i ÞgZv h^vKÌGg P1 I P2 nGj,  Zwor cÉevn, I = R
P1 V12/R1 V12 E2 p
= = = =1 12V
P2 V22/R1 V22 E2 =
4
 P 1 = P2
= 3A (Ans.)
A^Ævr DfqGÞGò R1‰i ÞgZv mgvb nGe| N ‘M’ nGZ cvB,
cÉk² 129 mKj êvWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 8 Fig-1 ‰i Zwor cÉevn, I = 3A
2 6 R  Fig-2 ˆZ Kvw›ÞZ Zwor cÉevn, I1 = 2I
1 = (2  3)A
= 6A
V
I
5 3 2  Fig-2 ˆZ Kvw›ÞZ ZzjÅGiva, R =
I1
+ – 12V
=
12V Fig-2 12V 6A
Fig-1 = 2
R
K. Zwor AvGek KvGK eGj? 1
R1 = 1
L. c†wêxi wefeGK kƒbÅ aiv nq ˆKb? 2
M. wPò-1 (Fig-1) nGZ Zwor cÉevn wbYÆq KGiv| 3 R2 = 2
N. Fig-2 ˆZ R-‰i gvb KZ nGj Zwor cÉevn Fig-1 ‰i
Zwor cÉevGni w«¼àY nGe? 4 + –
129 bs cÉGk²i Dîi V
E = 12V
K ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ eÕ§GK ‰KwU AvwnZ eÕ§i KvGQ ‰Gb Õ·kÆ bv R I R2 ‰i ZzjÅGiva, Rp nGj,

KGi ÷ay ‰i DcwÕ©wZGZ eÕ§wUGK AvwnZ Kivi c«¬wZGK Zwor 1 1 1
= +
Rp R R2
AvGek eGj|
1 1 1  RP = 2 
ev, R = R + 2 E 12 V
1
p
2+R Avevi, I= =
RP 2 
=6A
ev, R = 2R
p MvwYwZK weGkÏlY ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, I > I
2R
 Rp = AZ‰e, meàGjv îva mgv¯¦ivGj mshyÚ KiGj m†Ó¡ Zwor cÉevn
R+2
wdDGRi Zwor cÉevGni ˆPGq êwk nIqvq wdDRwU AÞZ ^vKGe bv|
Rp I R1 ‰i ZzjÅGiva, Rs = Rp + R1
2R cÉk² 131 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 7
= +1
R+2 R1 = 5
2R + R + 2 3R + 2
= =
R+2 R+2 R2 = 10
kZÆgGZ, R3 = 5
Rs = R 10 A
3R + 2
ev, R + 2 = 2
r = 1
ev, 3R + 2 = 2R + 4 K. Zwor ejGiLvi mvG^ Zwor ZxeËZvi mÁ·KÆ Kx? 1
ev, R = 4  2 L. AvweÓ¡ I AvGekx AvavGbi cÉK‡wZ wKi…c ^vGK? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
 R = 2 M. eZÆbxi E I V ‰i gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| (E I V
AZ‰e, R ‰i gvb 2 nGj Fig-2 ‰i Zwor cÉevn, Fig-1 ‰i Zwor cÉPwjZ A^Æ enb KGi) 3
cÉevGni w«¼àY nGe| N. îvamgƒGni msGhvM cybweÆbÅÕ¦ KGi eZÆbxGZ w«¼àY
cÉk² 130 XvKv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5 ZworcÉevn cvIqv mÁ¿e wK? MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki|4
4 131 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
6
K Zwor ejGiLvi w`GKi mvG^ jÁ¼fvGe AewÕ©Z ‰KK ˆÞòdGji

I I gaÅ w`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦ ejGiLvi msLÅv Zwor ZxeËZvi mgvbycvwZK ‰es
Zwor ˆÞGòi ˆKvGbv we±`y w`Gq AwZKÌgKvix ejGiLvi mvG^ AwâZ
2A wdDR 12V Õ·kÆK H we±`yGZ Zwor ZxeËZvi w`K wbG`Æk KGi|
K.Zwor eZÆbx Kx? 1 L ˆKvGbv PvwRÆZ eÕ§i DcwÕ©wZGZ ˆKvGbv APvwRÆZ eÕ§ ÞYÕ©vqxfvGe
L.wmGÕ¡g jm KxfvGe KgvGbv hvq? 2 PvwRÆZ nIqvGK AvGek eGj| ˆh PvGRÆi DcwÕ©wZGZ AvGek NGU
M.eZÆbxwUi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3 ZvGK AvGekx PvRÆ ‰es APvwRÆZ eÕ§GK ˆh PvGRÆi D«¿e nq ZvGK
N.DóxcGKi eZÆbxwUi meàGjv îva mgv¯¦ivGj mshyÚ KiGj AvweÓ¡ PvRÆ eGj| AvGekx PvGRÆi Ici AvweÓ¡ PvGRÆi cÉK‡wZ wbfÆi
m†Ó¡ Zwor cÉevGni KviGY wdDRwU AÞZ ^vKGe wKbv, KGi| AvGekx PvGRÆi wbKUeZÆx cÉvG¯¦ wecwiZ RvwZq wK¯§ `ƒieZÆx
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 cÉvG¯¦ mgRvZxq PvRÆ AvweÓ¡ nq| ˆhgb AvGekx PvRÆ abvñK nGj
130 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wbKUeZÆx cÉvG¯¦ FYvñK ‰es `ƒieZÆx cÉvG¯¦ abvñK PvRÆ AvweÓ¡
K Zwor cÉevn Pjvi mÁ·ƒYÆ c^GK Zwor eZÆbx eGj|
 nGe|
L mçvjb jvBGbi Zwor cÉevn nËvm KGi wmGÕ¡g jm KgvGbv hvq| M DóxcGK nGZ cvB,
 1g îva, R1 = 5 
Avgiv Rvwb, R îvGai cwievnxi gaÅ w`Gq I Zwor cÉevn nGj 2q îva, R2 = 10 
ˆmGÞGò wmGÕ¡g jGmi cwigvY nq I2R| ˆhGnZz wmGÕ¡g jm, 3q îva, R3 = 5 
cÉevwnZ ZwoGZi eGMÆi mgvbycvwZK, ZvB ejv hvq, Zwor cÉevGni Zwor cÉevn, I = 10 A
gvb Kg nGj ZvGii îvaRwbZ wmGÕ¡g jmI Kg nq| ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ AfÅ¯¦ixY îva, r = 1 
cwigvY ÞgZvi RbÅ, DœP ˆfvGÎŸGR we`yÅr mçvjGbi dGj Zwor R1 I R3 îva«¼q ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ ^vKvq ZvGì ZyjÅGiva,
cÉevGni gvb Kg nq| DœP avcx UÇv´ÖdgÆvi eÅenvi KGi ‰gbwU Kiv Rs = R1 + R3 = 5  + 5  = 10 
nq| ‰Lb, Rs I R2 mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq hyÚ ^vKvq ZvGì ZzjÅGiva Rp
1 1 1 1 1 2
M 4(M)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 9 
 nGj, R = R + R = 10  + 10  = 10 
p s 2
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, 1g îva, R1 = 6   Rp = 5 

2q îva, R2 = 4  eZÆbxi ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, E = IRp + Ir
3q îva, R3 = 12  = 10 A (5  + 1 ) = 60 V
ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, E = 12 V eZÆbxq wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = I Rp = 10 A  5  = 50 V
wdDGRi AbyGgvw`Z cÉevn, I = 2 A  E I V ‰i gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ = (60  50) V = 10 V (Ans.)
îva wZbwU mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ AeÕ©vq ZzjÅGiva RP nGj, N DóxcK nGZ cvB,
1 1
= + + =
1 1 1
+
1
+
1 1g îva, R1 = 5 
RP R1 R2 R3 6  4  12  2q îva, R2 = 10 
1 2+3+1 6
ev, RP
= = 3q îva, R3 = 5 
12  12 
AfÅ¯¦ixY îva, r = 1  M ˆÌqv AvGQ, 1g wPGò, R1 = 50 

Zwor cÉevn, I = 10 A I1 = 0.2 A
VA = 20 V
‘M’ nGZ cvB, E = 60 V VB = ?
‰Lb, Zwor cÉevn w«¼àY KiGZ nGj eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva R nGj, ˆhGnZz I ‰i w`K A nGZ B ‰i w`GK myZivs VA > VB
E
2I =
R+r  I’ˆgi mƒòvbymvGi,
60 V A  V B = I1R 1
ev, 2  10 = R + 1  VB = VA  I1R1 = 20 V – 0.2 A  50  = 20 V – 10 V
= 10V (Ans.)
ev, 20R + 20 = 60
ev, 20R = 40 N ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB ZvGii îva, R1 = 50 
R=2 Š`NÆÅ, L1 = 2 m
A^Ævr eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva 2  nGj eZÆbxGZ w«¼àY cÉevn cvIqv mÁ¿e| cÉ Õ ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A 1 = 6.8  104 mm2 = 6.8  1010 m2
meàGjv îvaGK mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ KiGj ZzjÅGiva 2  nGe| RA
myZivs AB ZvGii Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK îva, 1 = L1 1
R
R11 1
R21 myZivs AB ZvGii Dcv`vGbi cwievnKZ½,

R3 1 L1 2m
1 = = =
R1A1 50   6.8  1010 m2
I 1
= 5.88  107 ( m)1
E Avevi, CD ZvGii îva, R2 = 33 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2+1+2 5 Š`NÆÅ, L2 = 3 m
= + + = + + = =
Rp R1 R2 R3 5  10  5  10  10 
cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj, A2 = 5  103 mm2 = 5  109 m2
 Rp = 2 
myZivs CD ZvGii Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK îva,
AZ‰e, îvamgƒGni msGhvM cybweÆbÅÕ¦ KGi mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq hyÚ
2 = R2A2
KiGj eZÆbxGZ w«¼àY Zwor cÉevn cvIqv mÁ¿e| L2
cÉk² 132 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 7 myZivs CD ZvGii Dcv`vGbi cwievnKZ½,
1 L 3m
2 = = R A2 =
R1 = 50  2 2 2 33   5  109 m2
VA = 20 V I1 = 0.2 A R2 = 33 
VB = 1.82  107 ( m)1
A
L1 = 2 m
B C
L2 = 3 m ˆhGnZz
D 1 > 2, myZivs AB ZvGii
cwievnKZ½ êwk|
A1 = 6.8  10 mm4 2
A2 = 5  10 mm 3 2
K. ZworGÞò KvGK eGj? 1 wPGò eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn 1.5 A
L. `yBwU we±`y AvavGbi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ AGaÆK KiGj ZvGì C 5 D 5 E
gGaÅ wKÌqvkxj KzjÁ¼ ej Kxi…c cwieZÆb nGe, eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. VB wbYÆq Ki| 3 5 10 
N. AB I CD ZvGii Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi cwievnKZ½
êwk? MvwYwZKfvGe eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 B
A
F
12 V
K. Zwor eZÆbx Kx? 1
K ˆKvGbv AvwnZ eÕ§i PvicvGk ˆh Açj RyGo ‰i cÉfve we`Ågvb
 L. ZwoGZi wmGÕ¡g jm eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
^vGK ˆmB AçjGK H AvwnZ eÕ§wUi ZworGÞò eGj| M. 5 wgwbGU DÚ ˆKvlwUi eÅwqZ kwÚ wbYÆq Ki| 3
L KzjGÁ¼i mƒòvbymvGi `ywU AvavGbi gaÅeZÆx AvKlÆY ev weKlÆY ej N. AD I DE AsGki `y B cÉ v G¯¦ i wefe cv^Æ K Å mgvb nGe wK?
Avavb«¼Gqi cwigvGYi àYdGji mgvbycvwZK ‰es ‰Gì gaÅeZÆx MvwYwZK hywÚ `vI| 4
`ƒiGZ½i eGMÆi eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK| myZivs Avavb«¼Gqi cwigvY wÕ©i (eZÆ b xi Zz j Å îva 10 , my Z ivs gƒ j cÉ evn mGeÆ v œP 1.2 A nGZ
^vKGj ‰Gì gaÅeZÆx KzjÁ¼ ej ‰Gì gaÅeZÆx `ƒiGZ½i eGMÆi cvGi| wK¯§ ‰GÞGò ˆ`qv AvGQ gƒj cÉevGni gvb 1.5 A hv ˆgvGUI
eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK| A^Ævr `ywU wbw`ÆÓ¡ AvavGbi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ d1 I d2 msMwZcƒYÆ bq|)
‰es Dfq ˆÞGò KzjÁ¼ ej h^vKÌGg F1 I F2 nGj, 133 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
2
F2 d 1
= 2 K Zwor cÉevn Pjvi mÁ·ƒYÆ c^GK Zwor eZÆbx eGj|
F1 d2
d L we`yÅr ˆKG±`Ê we`yÅr kwÚ mçvjGbi RbÅ ˆhmKj cwievnx Zvi
‰Lb `ƒiZ½ AGaÆK Kiv nGj, d2 = 21 eÅenvi Kiv nq ZvGZ wKQz cwigvY îva ^vGK| dGj ‰B îvaGK
F2 d12 AwZKÌGgi RbÅ ZworkwÚi ‰KwU Ask ZvGc cwiYZ nq| dGj ˆh
 = 2=4
F1 d 1 cwigvY Zwor kwÚ Drm ˆ^GK ˆcÉiY Kiv nq MÉvnK chÆvGq ˆm
22
cwigvY Zwor kwÚ cvIqv hvq bv| A^Ævr wKQz kwÚi AcPq ev jm
 F2 = 4F1
nq| ‰B jmB nj ZwoGZi wmGÕ¡g jm| R îvGai cwievnx ZvGii
A^Ævr Avavb«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ AGaÆK KiGj eGji gvb PviàY
ˆfZi w`Gq I gvGbi Zwor cÉevn nGj, wmGÕ¡g jGmi cwigvY I2R.
nGe|
M ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ R2 I R3 ‰i ZzjÅ îva,
 A^Ævr Zvcgvòv, cwievnxi Š`NÆÅ I Dcv`vb AcwieZÆbkxj weGePbv
Rs1 = R2 + R3 = 5 + 5 = 10 KiGj ˆh cwievnxi cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj êwk, Zvi îva Kg ‰es
ˆh cwievnxi cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj Kg, Zvi îva êwk nq|
C R3 = 5  D R4 = 5  E
AbÅfvGe ejGj, ˆgvUv ZvGii îva Kg mi‚ ZvGii îva êwk|
R2 = 5  R1 = 10  M ˆÌqv AvGQ, îvamgƒn,

R1 = 12 , R2 = 6 , R3 = 5 , R4 = 4  I R5 = 5 
B A F cÉ`î eZÆbx AbymvGi, 12  I 6  îva«¼q mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq AvGQ|
myZivs ‰i ZzjÅGiva RP1 nGj,
1 1 1 1+2 3 1
= + = = =
mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ Rs1 I R1 ‰i ZzjÅ îva, Rp nGj, RP1 12  6  12  12  4 
1 1 1 1 1 1+1 1  RP1 = 4 
= + = + = = Avevi, 4  I 5  îva«¼q mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq hyÚ| myZivs ‰Gì
Rp Rs1 R1 10  10  10  5 
 Rp = 5  ZzjÅGiva RP2 nGj,
Avevi, 1
=
1
+
1
=
5+4
=
9
Rp I R4 ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ| myZivs eZÆbxi ZzjÅ îva, RP2 4  5  20  20 
R2 = Rp + R4 = 5  + 5  = 10  20
 RP2 = 
9
Avgiv Rvwb, eÅwqZ kwÚ,
V2 (12 V)2 ‰Lb, RP1, 5 , I RP2 îvaòq ˆkÉwY mgevGq
W= t=  300 s = 4320 J = 4.32 kJ| myZivs ZvGì ZzjÅGiva, Rs nGj,
R 10 
5 wgwbGU DÚ ˆKvlwUi eÅwqZ kwÚi cwigvY 4.32 kJ (Ans.) 20
Rs = RP1 + 5  + RP2 = 4  + 5  + 
9
we:`Ë: DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ eZÆbxi cÉevn 1.5 A, hv DcGivÚ mgvavGb 36 + 45 + 20 101
cÉvµ¦ gvGbi mvG^ AmãwZcƒYÆ| = = 
9 9
N ‘M’ nGZ AD AsGki ZzjÅ îva, Rp = 5  Rs = 11.22 
eZÆbxi ZzjÅ îva = Req = 10  myZivs msGhvMwUi ZzjÅGiva 11.22  (Ans.)
V 12 V
myZivs eZÆbxi cÉevn, I = R = 10  = 1.2 A N ˆÌqv AvGQ, eZÆbxi ZworcÉevn, I = 12.98 A
eq
ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, V = 220 V
AD ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ, VAD = I  Rp = 1.2  5 = 6 V
eZÆbxGK cybweÆbÅÕ¦ KiGj îvGai cwigvY hw` R nq ZGe,
DE ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ, VDE = I  R4 = 1.2  5 = 6 V V = IR
ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, VAD = VDE V 220 V
R= =
myZivs, AD I DE AsGki `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ«¼q mgvb nGe| I 12.98 A
= 16.949 
cÉk² 134 wmGjU êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8 myZivs eZÆbxGK ‰gbfvGe webÅÕ¦ KiGZ nGe hvGZ eZÆbxi ZzjÅ
12  4
5 îvGai gvb 16.949  nq|
eZÆbxGK wbGÁ²vÚ fvGe msGhvM w`Gj ZzjÅ îvGai gvb 16.949 nGe:
6 5 5 4
12 
220 V 6 5
K. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
L. cwievnxi cÉÕ©GœQ` I îva KxfvGe mÁ·wKÆZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 220 V
M. msGhvMwUi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3 msGhvMwUGZ 5  I 6  îva«¼q mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq, ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva
N. DóxcGKi msGhvMwU KxfvGe cybweÆbÅÕ¦ KiGj Zwor cÉevn RP1 nGj,
12.98A cvIqv hvGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY KGi eZÆbx 1
=
1
+
1
=
6+5
=
11
RP1 5  6  30  30 
AsKb Ki| 4
134 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ev, RP1 = 30 
11
K ˆKvb Zwor Drm ‰KK abvñK AvavbGK eZÆbxi ‰K we±`y Avevi, 4  I 5  îva«¼q mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq hyÚ| myZivs ‰Gì
ˆ^GK Drmmn mÁ·ƒYÆ eZÆbx NywiGq Avevi H we±`yGZ AvbGZ ˆh ZzjÅGiva RP2 nGj,
cwigvY KvR mÁ·®² KGi, Z^v Drm ˆh Zwor kwÚ eÅq KGi, ZvGK 1
=
1
+
1
=
5+4
=
9
H DrGmi ZworœPvjK kwÚ eGj| RP2 4  5  20  20 
20
L wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq wbw`ÆÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi cwievnxi Š`NÆÅ wÕ©i ^vKGj
  RP2 = 
9
cwievnxi îva ‰i cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdGji eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK, myZivs, ‰Lb, RP1, 5  I RP2 îvaòq ˆkÉYx mgevGq hyÚ myZivs ‰Gì
1
R Z„jÅGiva,
A
30
Rs = RP1 + 5  + RP2 =
20
 + 12  +  R4 I R5 ‰i gvb mgvb ‰es ‰iv mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ZvB Dfq îvGai
11 9
gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn nGe gƒj cÉevGni AGaÆK, myZivs R4 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq
270 + 1188 + 220 1678
=
99
=
99
 Zwor cÉevn, I4 = 1.5 A
 Rs = 16.949   R4 îvGai ÞgZv, P4 = I42R4 = (1.5)2  2 W
myZivs DcGivÚ MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg ˆ`Lv hvGœQ ˆh DcGii = 4.5 W
wPGòi bÅvq msGhvM w`Gj ZyjÅGiva nq 16.949 ‰es eZÆbxGZ ‰LvGb, P1 > P 2 > P4
12.98 A Zwor cÉevn cvIqv hvq|

AZ‰e, R1, R2 ‰es R4 ‰i gGaÅ R1 îvGai ÞgZv meGPGq êwk|
cÉk² 135 hGkvi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 7 R = 4 2
R2 = 4 R1 = 8
R1 = 8
R3 = 4
R3 = 4 RR44===3
2 R5 = 2
RR44===3
2 R5 = 2
E = 33V
E = 33V
K. Zwor aviK Kx? 1
K. Zwor aviK Kx? 1
L. ‰KwU Zvgvi ZviGK mylgfvGe ÛGb jÁ¼v Kiv nGj îvGai
L. ‰KwU Zvgvi ZviGK mylgfvGe ÛGb jÁ¼v Kiv nGj îvGai
cwieZÆb eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
cwieZÆb eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. eZÆbxi ZzjÅ îva wbYÆq Ki| 3 M. eZÆbxi ZzjÅ îva wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. R1, R2 ‰es R4 ‰i gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi ÞgZv êwk N. R1, R2 ‰es R4 ‰i gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi ÞgZv êwk
MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
K KvQvKvwQ Õ©vwcZ `yBwU Zwor cwievnxi gaÅeZxÆ Õ©vGb A¯¦iK
K KvQvKvwQ Õ©vwcZ `yBwU Zwor cwievnxi gaÅeZxÆ Õ©vGb A¯¦iK 

c`v^Æ îGL Zwor Avavbi…Gc kwÚ mçq KGi ivLvi hvw¯¨K ˆKŒkjB c`v^Æ îGL Zwor Avavbi…Gc kwÚ mçq KGi ivLvi hvw¯¨K ˆKŒkjB
Zwor aviK| Zwor aviK|
L
L Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv cwievnxi îva, R =  A

L L Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv cwievnxi îva, R =  A

ˆKvGbv ZviGK ÛGb jÁ¼v KiGj ‰i Š`NÆÅ e†w«¬ cvq ‰es ‰KB mvG^ ˆKvGbv ZviGK ÛGb jÁ¼v KiGj ‰i Š`NÆÅ e†w«¬ cvq ‰es ‰KB mvG^
cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj nËvm cvq| wK¯§ AvqZb AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK| cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj nËvm cvq| wK¯§ AvqZb AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK|
‰Lb Š`NÆÅ n àY Kiv nGj hw` cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj A nq ZGe ‰Lb Š`NÆÅ n àY Kiv nGj hw` cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj A nq ZGe
AL = nLA = AvqZb (V) [ L = nL] AL = nLA = AvqZb (V) [ L = nL]
A A
ev, A = ev, A = n
n
nL L nL L
myZivs bZzb îva, R =  A = n2  A = n2R myZivs bZzb îva, R =  A = n2  A = n2R
n n
AZ‰e, ‰KwU Zvgvi ZviGK mylgfvGe ÛGb hZ àY jÁ¼v Kiv nGe, AZ‰e, ‰KwU Zvgvi ZviGK mylgfvGe ÛGb hZ àY jÁ¼v Kiv nGe,
îvaI Zvi eGMÆi mgvbycvGZ evoGe| îvaI Zvi eGMÆi mgvbycvGZ evoGe|
M 11(M)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 11 
 M 11(M)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: 11 

N ˆÌqv AvGQ, N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
ˆKvGli ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, E = 33 V ˆKvGli ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, E = 33 V
ZzjÅGiva, R = 11  [‘M’ Ask nGZ] ZzjÅGiva, R = 11  [‘M’ Ask nGZ]
E 33 E 33
 ZworcÉevn, I = R = 11 A = 3 A  ZworcÉevn, I = R = 11 A = 3 A
R1 = 8  îvGai gaÅ w`Gq ˆgvU ZworcÉevn 3 A R1 = 8  îvGai gaÅ w`Gq ˆgvU ZworcÉevn 3 A
 R1 îvGai RbÅ ÞgZv, P1 = I 2R1 = (3)2  8 W = 9  8 W  R1 îvGai RbÅ ÞgZv, P1 = I 2R1 = (3)2  8 W = 9  8 W
= 72 W = 72 W
R2 I R3 ‰i gvb mgvb ‰es ‰iv mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ZvB Dfq îvGai R2 I R3 ‰i gvb mgvb ‰es ‰iv mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ZvB Dfq îvGai
gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn nGe gƒj cÉevGni AGaÆK, myZivs R2 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn nGe gƒj cÉevGni AGaÆK, myZivs R2 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq
3A 3A
Zwor cÉevn, I2 = 2 = 1.5 A Zwor cÉevn, I2 = 2 = 1.5 A
 R2 îvGai RbÅ ÞgZv, P2 = I22R2 = (1.5)2  4 W  R2 îvGai RbÅ ÞgZv, P2 = I22R2 = (1.5)2  4 W
=9W =9W
R4 I R5 ‰i gvb mgvb ‰es ‰iv mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ZvB Dfq îvGai N ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva, R = 8.73 
gaÅ w`Gq cÉevn nGe gƒj cÉevGni AGaÆK, myZivs R4 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq ˆÌqv AvGQ, mgq, t = 30  6 h = 180 h
Zwor cÉevn, I4 = 1.5 A wefe, V = 12 V
 R4 îvGai ÞgZv, P4 = I42R4 = (1.5)2  2 W eÅwqZ kwÚ, W = ?
= 4.5 W Avgiv Rvwb, Zwor ÞgZv,
‰LvGb, P1 > P2 > P4 V2 122
P= = = 16.495 W
AZ‰e, R1, R2 ‰es R4 ‰i gGaÅ R1 îvGai ÞgZv meGPGq êwk| R 8.73
cÉk² 137 XvKv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6 myZivs ‰K gvGm eÅwqZ kwÚ,
Pt 16.495180
W= kW h = = 2.97 kWh = 2.97 unit
wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki I cÉk²àwji Dîi `vI: 1000 1000
4 myZivs ‰K gvGm we`yÅr wej = 2.97  5 = 14.85 UvKv (Ans.)
6 cÉk² 138 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 5
2 3 20
20
20
12V 2
K. MRI ‰i cƒYÆi…c wjL| 1
L. mi‚ ZvGii ˆPGq ˆgvUv ZvGi we`yÅr êwk cÉevwnZ nq ˆKb? 2
M. eZÆbxwUi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. DóxcGKi eZÆbxwU Š`wbK 6 N¥Ÿv KGi Pvjy ivLGj cÉwZ
BDwbU 5 UvKv nvGi ‰K gvGm KZ UvKv we`yÅr wej V = 3 volt
cwiGkva KiGZ nGe? (‰K gvm = 30 w`b) 4 K. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ KvGK eGj? 1
137 bs cÉGk²i Dîi L. 10 KzjÁ¼ Avavb ejGZ Kx eyS? 2
K MRI ‰i cƒYÆi…c nGjv Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
 M. eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. eZÆbxi cÉwZwU îvGai gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ Zwor cÉevGni gvb
L ˆgvUv ZvGii cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj mi‚ ZvGii cÉÕ©GœQGì ‰KB nGe wKbv, MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
ˆÞòdGji ˆPGq êwk eGj ˆgvUv ZvGii îva Kg| KviY, wbw`ÆÓ¡ 138 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Zvcgvòvq wbw`ÆÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi ˆKvGbv cwievnxi îva cÉÕ©GœQGì
ˆÞòdGji eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK| Avevi ˆh ZvGii îva Kg ˆmB ZvGi  K ˆKvGbv Zwor Drm ‰KK abvñK AvavbGK eZÆbxi ‰K we±`y
êwk we`yÅr cÉevwnZ nq| ‰ KviGY mi‚ ZvGii ˆPGq ˆgvUv ZvGi ˆ^GK Drmmn mÁ·ƒYÆ eZÆbx NywiGq Avevi H we±`yGZ AvbGZ ˆh
we`yÅr êwk cÉevwnZ nq| cwigvY KvR mÁ·®² KGi, ZvGK H DrGmi ZwoœPvjK kwÚ eGj|
M L 10 KzjÁ¼ Avavb ejGZ eySvq
R2 = 4 i. ˆKvGbv cwievnGKi gaÅ w`Gq ‰K AÅvwÁ·qvi (1A) cÉevn 10
ˆmGK´£ aGi PjGj ‰i ˆh ˆKvGbv cÉÕ©GœQ` w`Gq ˆh cwigvY
Avavb cÉevwnZ nq Zv 10 KzjÁ¼|
R3 = 6
R1 = 2 R4 = 3 ii. ˆKvGbv cwievnGKi gaÅ w`Gq 10A cÉevn 1 ˆmGK´£ aGi PjGj
‰i ˆhGKvGbv cÉÕ©GœQ` w`Gq ˆh cwigvY Avavb cÉevwnZ nq Zv
10 KzjÁ¼|
12V M DóxcK nGZ cvB,

R5 = 2
1g îva, R1 = 20
R1 I R2 îva«¼q ˆkÉYx mgevGq hyÚ eGj ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva,
2q îva, R2 = 20
Rs1 = R1 + R2 = 2 + 4 = 6
3q îva, R3 = 20
R5 I R4 îva«¼q ˆkÉYxmgevGq hyÚ eGj ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, Rs2 = R4 +
R1 I R2 îva«¼q ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj ^vKvq ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva nGj,
R5 = 2 + 3 = 5 1 1 1
Rs2 I R3 ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKvq ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, Rp nGj, = +
Rp R1 R2
1 1 1 1 1 1
=
Rp Rs2 R3
+ ev, R = 20 + 20
p
1 1 1 1 2
ev, R = 5 + 6 ev, R = 20
p p
1 11  Rp = 10
ev, R = 30
p R3 îva Rp ‰i mvG^ ˆkÉwY mgevGq ^vKvq ZzjÅGiva, Rs = R3 + Rp
30 = 20 + 10 = 30 (Ans.)
ev, Rp = 11 = 2.73
‰Lb, Rs1 I Rp ciÕ·i ˆkÉYx mgevGq hyÚ eGj ZzjÅGiva, N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
Rs = Rs1 + Rp = (6 + 2.73)  = 8.73 (Ans.)
1g îva, R1 = 20
2q îva, R2 = 20 1g îva, R1 = 4
3q îva, R3 = 20 2q îva, R2 = 4
‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB, eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva, Rs = 30; eZÆbxi wefe, V = 3 3q îva, R3 = 2
volt 4^Æ îva, R4 = 3
V 3 5g îva, R5 = 4
eZÆbxi gƒj cÉevn I nGj, I = R = 30 = 0.1A
s
R1 I R2 îva«¼q mgv¯¦ivGj mshyÚ eGj ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, Rp nGj,
awi, R1, R2 I R3 îvGai gaÅ w`Gq h^vKÌGg I1 , I2 I I3 Zwor cÉevwnZ 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
nGqGQ| = + = + =
Rp R1 R2 4 4 4
1
R1 I R2 îvGai `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ,  R = 2
p1
V1 = IRp = 0.1  10 = 1V
V1 1 R3 I R4 îva«¼q ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ ^vKvq ‰Gì ZzjÅGiva, Rs1 nGj,
 R1 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevn, I1 = = = 0.05A Rs = R3 + R4 = (2 + 3) = 5
R1 20 1
V1 1
R2 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevn, I2 = = = 0.05 A Rs ‰es R5 mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ| ZvGì ZzjÅGiva Rp2 nGj,
1
R2 20
1 1 1 1 1 9
R3 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevn, I3 = I1 + I2 = (0.05 + 0.05)A = + = + =
Rp Rs1 R5 5 4 20
2
= 0.1A
20
R1 I R2 ‰i gaÅ w`Gq ‰KB cwigvY Zwor cÉevwnZ nGe wK¯§ R3 ‰i  Rp2 = 9 = 2.22
gaÅ w`Gq wf®² gvGbi Zwor cÉevwnZ nGe| Rp I Rp ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ ^vKvq eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva,
1 2
cÉk² 139 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6 Rs = Rp1 + Rp2 = 2 + 2.22 = 4.22 (Ans.)
wbGPi eZÆbxwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
4
2 1g îva, R1 = 4
2q îva, R2 = 4
4
4 3 3q îva, R3 = 2
4^Æ îva, R4 = 3
6V 5g îva, R5 = 4
ZwoœPvjK kwÚ, E = 6V
K. ˆRbvGiUi KvGK eGj? 1 ‘M’ Ask nGZ cvB,
L. B´ŸviGbUGK mKj ˆbUIqvGKÆi Rbbx ejv nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva, Rs = 4.22
M. eZÆbxwUi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3  eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn, I = E = 6 = 1.42 A
N. meàGjv îva mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKGj Zwor cÉevGni Kxi…c Rs 4.22
cwieZÆb nGe? MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg gZvgZ `vI| 4 meàGjv îva mgv¯¦ ivGj ^vKGj ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
139 bs cÉGk²i Dîi = + + +
R R R R R R 4 4 2 3 4
+ = + + + +
p 1 2 3 4 5
K ˆh Zwor h¯¨ hvw¯¨K kwÚGK Zwor kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi ZvGK =
3 + 3 + 6 + 4 + 3 19
=
ˆRbvGiUi eGj| 12 12
12
L B´ŸviGbU nGjv ‘ˆbUIqvGKÆi ˆbU IqvKÆ’| ‰wU ‰KwU Av¯¦RÆvwZK ev, Rp = 19 = 0.63
ˆbUIqvKÆ hv mshyÚ KGiGQ wewf®² ˆ`Gki cÉvq, 4,00,000 ‰i êwk E
‰GÞGò, Zwor cÉevn, I = R = 0.63 = 9.52A
6
ˆQvU ˆQvU ˆbUIqvKÆGK| B´ŸviGbU nGjv ‰gb ‰K`j ˆbUIqvKÆ hv p
AmsLÅv KwÁ·DUvi, ˆgvGWg, ÛwjGdvb jvBb w`Gq ŠZwi| ‰me AZ‰e, meàGjv îva mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKGj Zwor cÉevn (9.52  1.42)
= 8.1 A e†w«¬ cvGe (Ans.)
Dcv`vb ciÕ·Gii mvG^ ˆfŒZfvGe mshyÚ| ‰ ˆbUIqvKÆ ciÕ·Gii
mvG^ ˆhGKvGbv AGbKàGjv ˆQvU ˆQvU ˆbUIqvGKÆi mgwÓ¡ ‰es mKGj cÉk² 140 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 4
wgGj ‰KwU ‰KK ˆbUIhvGKÆi gZ KvR KGi| ‰ KviGY B´ŸviGbUGK 5
mKj ˆbUIqvGKÆi Rbbx ejv nq| A B C
10
M
 15
RR11=4 
R3=2 
3V
B I C we±`yi gGaÅ wefe cv^ÆKÅ 2.2V|
K. Zwor AvGek KvGK eGj? 1
RR22=4 R4=3
RR55=4 L. FYvñK AvavGb AvwnZ ZworexÞY hG¯ï PvKwZi msÕ·GkÆ
+
FYvñK AvavGb AvwnZ eÕ§ AvbGj Kx NGUeÅvLÅv Ki| 2

M. 10 îvGai gaÅ w`Gq Kx cwigvY Zwor cÉevwnZ nGe? 3
6V N. îvaK wZbwU eZÆbxGZ KxfvGe msGhvM KiGj ZzjÅGiva 7.5
ˆÌqv AvGQ,  nGe? MvwYwZKfvGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4
140 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K. AvGcwÞK îva KvGK eGj? 1
K ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ eÕ§GK ‰KwU AvwnZ eÕ§i KvGQ ‰Gb Õ·kÆ bv
 L. InGgi mƒòwU eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
KGi ÷ay ‰i DcwÕ©wZGZ eÕ§wUGK AvwnZ Kivi c«¬wZGK Zwor M. R1, R2 ‰es R3 îvaàGjvGK Avjv`vfvGe ˆkÉwYGZ I
AvGek eGj| mgv¯¦ivj mw®²GeGk mshyÚ KiGj Dfq ˆÞGò ZzjÅGivGai
gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3
L FYvñK AvavGb AvwnZ ZworexÞY hG¯ï cvZ«¼Gq FYvñK N. mgv¯¦ivj mw®²GeGk mshyÚ cÉGZÅKwU îvGai wecixZ ivwki mgwÓ¡
Avavb ^vKvq ‰iv duvK nGq hvGe| ‰Lb PvKwZi msÕ·GkÆ FYvñK
ZzjÅGivGai wecixZ ivwki mgvb gZvgGZi wfwîGZ hywÚ `vI| 4
AvavGb AvwnZ eÕ§ AvbGj ZworexÞY hG¯ï duvK AvGiv êGo hvGe|
KviY, Avgiv Rvwb mgagÆx Avavb ciÕ·iGK weKlÆY KGi ‰es ‰
weKlÆY eGji gvb PvRÆ«¼Gqi gvGbi mgvbycvwZK| eÕ§ ‰es K ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq ‰KK Š`NÆÅ I ‰KK cÉÕ©GœQGì
ZworexÞY hG¯¨ FYvñK Avavb ^vKvq Zwor exÞY h¯¨ FYvñK ˆÞòdj wewkÓ¡ ˆKvGbv cwievnxi îvaGK H Zvcgvòvq ‰i
PvGRÆi gvb cƒeÆvGcÞv e†w«¬ cvq| dGj Zviv ciÕ·iGK AvGiv êwk Dcv`vGbi AvGcwÞK îva eGj|
weKlÆY KiGe, dGj ZworexÞY hG¯ï cvZ«¼Gqi duvK cƒeÆvGcÞv L wÕ©i Zvcgvòvq ˆKvGbv cwievnxi gaÅw`Gq cÉevwnZ Zwor ‰i
êGo hvGe| `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆGKÅi mgvbycvwZK|
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, B I C we±`yi gGaÅ wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = 2.2 V
 VA I VB
B I C we±`yi gGaÅ îva, R = 10  A B
Zwor cÉevn, I = ? gGb Kwi, AB ‰KwU cwievnx Zvi| ‰i `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe h^vKÌGg
Avgiv Rvwb, V = IR VA ‰es VB| hw` VA > VB nq, ZvnGj cwievnxi `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe
V 2.2
ev, I = R = 10 = 0.22 A (Ans.) cv^Æ KÅ nGe, V = VA  VB ‰es A cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK B cÉvG¯¦i w`GK Zwor
cÉevn PjGe|
we:`Ë: ‰LvGb DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ B I C we±`y«¼Gqi wefe cv^ÆGKÅi ‰Lb, wÕ©i Zvcgvòvq I’ˆgi mƒòvbymvGi,
gvb eÅenvi KGi Zwor cÉevGni gvb wbYÆq Kiv nGqGQ| DóxcGK V
DÚ WvUvwU cÉGqvRGbi AwZwiÚ nIqvq ‰GÞGò ˆKD hw` gƒj eZÆbxi I  V ev, I = R = aË‚eK|
ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq KGi BC AsGki Zwor cÉevn wbYÆq KGi, ˆmGÞGò ‰B aË‚eKGK H Zvcgvòvq H cwievnxi îva eGj| wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq
cÉvµ¦ gvb DcGivÚ c«¬wZGZ wbYÆqK‡Z gvGbi ˆPGq mvgvbÅ c†^K wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwievnxi îva aË‚e nq|
nGjI Zv MÉnYGhvMÅ nGe| M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
N DóxcK nGZ cvB, 1g îva, R1 = 10
1g îva, R1 = 5  2q îva, R2 = 15
2q îva, R2 = 10  3q îva, R3 = 25
3q îva, R3 = 15  ˆkÉwY mgevGq ZzjÅGiva, Rs = ?
R1 I R2 îvaKGK ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ KGi ‰i mvG^ R3 îvaK mgv¯¦ivGj mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq ZzjÅGiva, Rp = ?
hyÚ KiGj ZzjÅGiva 7.5 nGe| wbGP eZÆbxwU AsKb Kiv nGjv| Avgiv Rvwb, ˆkÉwY mgevGqi ˆÞGò,
R1 = 5 R2 = 10 R s = R1 + R 2 + R3
= 10 + 15 + 25
R3 = 15 = 50 (Ans.)
Avevi, mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi ˆÞGò,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31
= + + = + + =
Rp R1 R2 R3 10 15 25 150
3V
150
R1 I R2 îva«¼q ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ ^vKvq ZvGì ZzjÅGiva Rs nGj, ev, Rp = 31 
Rs = R1 + R2 = 5 + 10 = 15 
 Rp = 4.84 (Ans.)
R3 îva, Rs ‰i mvG^ mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ ^vKvq ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj,
1 1 1 N

= +
Rp Rs R3 R1
1 1 1
ev, R = 15 + 15 A
I1
I2
R2 B
p
1 2
ev, R = 15 I3
R3
I
p I
 Rp = 7.5 
+ 
cÉk² 141 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6 I I
R1 = 10 awi, R1, R2 ‰es R3 îva wZbwU DcGii wPò AbymvGi mgv¯¦ivj
A R2 = 15 B
mw®²GeGk mshyÚ Kiv nGqGQ| ‰GÞGò wZbwU îvGai `yB cÉvG¯¦ ‰KB
R3 = 25 wefe cv^ÆKÅ V eRvq AvGQ| îvGai gvGbi wewf®²Zvi RbÅ ZvGì
I
I cÉGZÅGKi gaÅ w`Gq Avjv`v gvGbi Zwor cÉevwnZ nGœQ| ‰GÞGò
I + V  I eZÆbxi gƒj cÉevn I, A msGhvM we±`yGZ ‰Gm wZbwU fvGM wefÚ nGq
cybivq B we±`yGZ ‰Gm wgwjZ nGqGQ| R1, R2 I R3 îvGai gaÅ w`Gq eZÆbxGZ îvaòq mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq
cÉevwnZ Zwor cÉevGni gvb h^vKÌGg I1, I2 ‰es I3| myZivs mgv¯¦ivj mshyÚ AvGQ| aiv hvK, R1, R2, R3
c^àGjvi cÉevn I1, I2 I I3-‰i ˆhvMdj msGhvM we±`y A ‰i cÉevn I ‰LvGb, eZÆbxi îvaòq,
îvaòGqi ZzjÅGiva Rp|
R1 = 5
‰i mgvb| 
1 1
= + +
1 1
R2 = 10
A^Ævr, I = I1 + I2 + I3 .......... (i) Rp R 1 R2 R3
R3 = 15
1 1 1 11
‰GÞGò, cÉGZÅK îvGai `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ V nIqvq I’ˆgi = + + =
5 10 15 30
mƒò cÉGqvM KGi cvB, I1 = V , I2 = V ‰es I3 = V 30
R1 R2 R3  Rp = = 2.727 (Ans.)
11
(i) bs mgxKiGY, I1, I2 I I3-‰i gvb ewmGq cvB,
I=
V V V
+ +
N ‰LvGb, R1 = 5, R2 = 10, R3 = 15 ‰es wefe V = 40V
R1 R2 R 3 ‰Lb, cÉGZÅKwU îvGai ‰K cÉv¯¦ A cÉvG¯¦i mvG^ ‰es Aci cÉv¯¦ B
1 1 1 cÉvG¯¦i mvG^ hyÚ| A^Ævr cÉGZÅK îvGai `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ,
=V
( + +
R1 R2 R3 )
........... (ii)
VA – VB = V = 40V
eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj, I = V ....................... (iii) ‰Lb aiv hvK, îvaòGqi gGaÅ h^vKÌGg I1, I2 ‰es I3 Zwor cÉevwnZ nGœQ,
Rp
ZvnGj, R1 îvGai ˆÞGò, V = I1R1
(ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY Zzjbv KGi cvB, V 40
V 1 1 1 ev, I1 = R = 5 = 8A
Rp
=V
( + +
R1 R2 R3 ) R2 îvGai ˆÞGò, V = I2R2
1
ev, 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 V 40
Rp R1 R2 R 3 ev, I2 = R = 10 = 4A
2
A^Ævr, mgv¯¦ivj mw®²GeGk mshyÚ cÉGZÅKwU îvGai wecixZ ivwki ‰es R îvGai ˆÞGò, V = I R
3 3 3
mgwÓ¡ ZzjÅGivGai wecixZ ivwki mgvb| V 40
cÉk² 142 wmGjU êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6 ev, I3 = R = 15 = 2.676 A
3
5 AZ‰e, ejv hvGœQ ˆh eZÆbxwUGZ îvaàGjvi `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ
A 10 B ‰KB wK¯§ îvaàGjvi gvb wf®² ‰es ˆhGnZz Zwor cÉevn îvGai
15
eÅvÕ¦vbycvwZK| ZvB ‰Gì gaÅ w`Gq cÉevwnZ ZwoGZi gvb wf®² wf®²|
  3
40V 3
K. AvGcwÞK îva KvGK eGj? 1
3
L. ÛwjwfkGb BGjKUÇb Mvb KxfvGe KvR KGi? 2 I
M. eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3 Fuse
+ –
9V
N. îvaàGjvi `yB cÉvG¯¦ wefe cv^ÆKÅ ‰KB wK¯§ îvaàGjvi gaÅ
K. Avavb Kx? 1
w`Gq cÉevwnZ ZwoGZi gvb wf®²MvwYwZKfvGe hywÚ `vI| 4 L. 1 kWh ˆK RyGj cÉKvk Ki| 2
M. DóxcGKi eZÆbxi ZyjÅGiva KZ? 3
K wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq ‰KK Š`NÆÅ I ‰KK cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj N. îvGai cwieZÆb bv KGi eZÆbxwUi îvaàwj KxfvGe mvRvGj
wewkÓ¡ ˆKvGbv cwievnxi îvaGK H Zvcgvòvq ‰i Dcv`vGbi ZworcÉevn 2A nGe, wPòmn eYÆbv Ki| 4
AvGcwÞK îva eGj| 143 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L ÛwjwfkGbi wcKPvi wUDGei wcQGbi cÉvG¯¦ BGjKUÇb Mvb K c`v^Æ m†wÓ¡Kvix ˆgŒwjK KYvmgƒGni (BGjKUÇb I ˆcÉvUb)
mshyÚ ^vGK| wfwWI msGKZ MÉnGYi ci BGjKUÇb Mvb myBGqi bÅvq ˆgŒwjK I ŠewkÓ¡ÅgƒjK agÆB nGœQ Avavb|
mi‚ BGjKUÇb exg QyuoGZ ^vGK| wUwfi c`Ævi cÉwZcÉf dmdGi
L 1 kWh = 1 kW  1h

BGjKUÇb Mvb ˆ^GK hLb BGjKUÇb exg ‰Gm cGo ZLb ‰GZ
= 103W  3600s [‹ 1 kW = 103W; 1h = 3600s]
AvGjvK SjGKi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰ Dä¾j I Abyä¾j AvGjvKwe±`yi = 3.6  106 Ws
mg®¼GqB wUwfi c`Ævq Dä¾j I Abyä¾j AvGjvKwe±`y I SjGKi m†wÓ¡ = 3.6  106 J [‹ 1 W = 1 Js1]
nq| ‰B Dä¾j I Abyä¾j AvGjvKwe±`yi mg®¼GqB wUwfi c`Ævq dzGU
M ‰LvGb, cÉ`î îvaàGjv h^vKÌGg,

DGV KÅvGgiv ˆ^GK cvVvGbv Qwe| R1 = 3
M
 R2 = 3
I1 R1 R3 = 3
A I2 R2 B
R1, R2 I R3 îva wZbwU mgv¯¦ivj mw®²GeGk hyÚ AvGQ| îva
wZbwUi ZzjÅGiva Rp nGj,
I3 R3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= + + = + + =
I R p R 1 R 2 R3 3 3 3 3
 
ev, 1 = 1
I 40V Rp
 Rp = 1 (Ans.) M

N ‰LvGb, InGgi mƒò nGZ ˆÌqv AvGQ,
eZÆbxi ZwoœPvjK ej, E = 9V Avgiv Rvwb, eZÆbxi A I B we±`yi gaÅKvi îva,
Zwor cÉevn, I = 2A V = IR R = 9
ZzjÅGiva, R = ? = 10A  9 AB AsGki gaÅ w`Gq ZworcÉevn,
= 90 volt (Ans.) I = 10A
Avgiv Rvwb, E = IR
E 9 eZÆbxi A I B we±`yi gaÅKvi wefe
R = = = 4.5 
I 2 cv^ÆKÅ, V = ?
3
‰Lb 3 ‰i `ywU îvaGK mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ KiGj ZzjÅGiva 2 = N DóxcGKi eZÆbxi îvamgƒn,

R1 = 9, R2 = 6, R3 = 3
1.5| ‰i mvG^ AewkÓ¡ 3 îvaGK mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ KiGj ˆgvU
‰GìGK mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ Kivq ZyjÅGiva RP nGj,
eZÆbxi îva (3 + 1.5) = 4.5 nGe| 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
eZÆbxi ZzjÅGiva, Rx = (R1 | | R2) + R3 = + + =
RP R1 R2 R3 9 6 3
+ +
1
=
(R1 + R1 ) + R
1 2
3 =
2+3+6
18
1
=
(13 + 13) + 3 =
11
18
= 4.5  18
 RP = = 1.636 
‰GÞGò eZÆbxwU nGe wbÁ²i…c: 11
3 ˆKvGli ZwoœPvjK ej, E = 180V
3 myZivs mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi ˆÞGò,
E
3
eZÆbxi gaÅ w`Gq ZworcÉevGni gvb, I = R
P
I 180V
=
= 110A

1.636

wK¯§ DóxcGKi eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevn 10 A|
Fuse 9V
AZ‰e, eZÆbxi cÉevngvòvi cwieZÆb = 110A – 10A = 100A (e†w«¬
cÉk² 144 XvKv êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 6 cvGe) (Ans.)
9 B 6 C 3
A D cÉk² 145 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 5
A R B 10 20 30
10 A 10 A
(K) I = 0.6A
180 V
+  ( K) +  ( K)
K. Zwor cÉevn KvGK eGj? 1 12V
wPò-L
wPò-K
L. ZworGÞGòi mKj we±`yGZ ZxeËZv mgvb bq ˆKb? 2
M. DwÍÏwLZ eZÆbxi A I B we±`yi wefe cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 3 K. Zwor AvGek Kx? 1
N. eZÆbxi ˆfvGÎŸR wÕ©i îGL DGÍÏwLZ îvaàGjvGK L. Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ KiGj cwievnxi îva e†w«¬ cvq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv
mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ KiGj eZÆbxi cÉevngvòvi Kx cwieZÆb nGe? Ki| 2
MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4 M. “K” wPò ˆ^GK îvGai gvb wbYÆq Ki| 3
144 bs cÉGk²i Dîi N. “L” bs wPGòi îvaàGjvGK mgv¯¦ivj mw®²GeGk hyÚ KGi Rs
> RP mÁ·KÆwUi ˆhŒwÚKZv wPòmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
K ˆKvGbv cwievnxi cÉÕ©GœQGì gaÅ w`Gq jÁ¼fvGe cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 145 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆh cwigvY Avavb AwZKÌg KGi, ZvGK ZworcÉevn eGj|
K ˆKvGbv AbvwnZ eÕ¦yGK ‰KwU AvwnZ eÕ¦yi KvGQ ‰Gb Õ·kÆ bv

L ZworGÞò m†wÓ¡Kvix PvRÆ ˆ^GK hZ `ƒGi hvIqv hvq Zwor
KGi ÷ay ‰i DcwÕ©wZGZ eÕ§wUGK AvwnZ Kivi c«¬wZGK Zwor
ejGiLvàGjv Acmvix nGZ ^vGK| A^Ævr ejGiLvàGjv ciÕ·i ˆ^GK
AvGek eGj|
`ƒGi mGi ˆhGZ ^vGK| dGj ejGiLvi mvG^ jÁ¼fvGe AewÕ©Z ‰KK
ˆÞòdGji gaÅw`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦ ejGiLvi msLÅv KgGZ ^vGK| Zwor L cwievnxi ˆh aGgÆi RbÅ eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevGn evavi m†wÓ¡ nq,
ZxeËZv, DÚ ejGiLvi mvG^ jÁ¼fvGe AewÕ©Z ‰KK ˆÞòdGji ZvGK cwievnxi îva eGj| Zvcgvòv evoGj cwievnGKi gyÚ
gaÅw`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦ ejGiLvi msLÅvi mgvbycvwZK| ‰KviGY BGjKUÇbàGjv DGîwRZ nq eGj ‰Gì MwZkwÚ e†w«¬ cvq ‰es
ZworGÞò m†wÓ¡Kvix PvRÆ ˆ^GK hZ `ƒGi hvIqv hvq ZxeËZvi gvb ZZ cwievnxi gaÅ w`Gq Pjvi mgq cwievnxi AYyàGjvi mvG^ msNGlÆ
KgGZ ^vGK| dGj ZworGÞGòi me we±`yGZ Zwor ZxeËZv mgvb nq wjµ¦ nq| dGj, cÉevn Pjvi cG^ evavi m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰ KviGY
bv| Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ KiGj îva e†w«¬ cvq|
M Avgiv Rvwb,
 i
ev, is = 4p
V = IR ‰LvGb,
V 12V 1
ev, R = I = 0.6A = 20  wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = 12V myZivs, ˆMŒb Kyíjxi cÉevngvòv gyLÅ Kzíjxi 4 àY nGe|
Zwor cÉevn, I = 0.6A
 R = 20  (Ans.)
îva, R = ? M

N ˆkÉwY mgevGqi ˆÞGò eZÆbxwU nGe wbÁ²i…c :
 W = Vit mgq, t = 5
= 15  1.5  300 = 5  60 sec
10 20 30
= 6750 Ws = 300 sec
= 6750 J [ Ws = J] wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = 15V
Zwor cÉevn, i = 1.5 A
( K) 5 wgwbGU DÚ ˆKvlwUi eÅwqZ kwÚi cwigvY 6750 J (Ans.)
 ˆkÉwY mgevGq ZyjÅGiva, Rs nGj, ‰LvGb, N 10(N)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| (Dîi: mgvb nGe|)

R s = R1 + R2 + R 3 1g îva, R1 = 10
= 10 + 20 + 30 2q îva, R2 = 20 cÉk² 147 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 5
= 60
3q îva, R3 = 30 A 10 B 10 C 5
D
mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi ˆÞGò eZÆbxwU nGe wbÁ²i…c:
10 I I
B
20
16 V
30
K. ZworexÞY h¯¨ KvGK eGj? 1
(k) L. evwoi Še`yÅwZK h¯¨cvwZ wbivc` ivLvi RbÅ Kx eÅeÕ©v
MÉnY Kiv DwPZ? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
 mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq ZyjÅGiva RP nGj,
1 1 1 1 M. C I D ‰i wefe cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 3
= + +
RP R1 R 2 R3 N. îvaàGjvGK KxfvGe mshyÚ KiGj eZÆbxi cÉevngvòv 2.5 àY
1 1 1 6+3+2 11 nGe? wPòmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
= ( +
10 20 30
+ –1 =) 60 (–1 = –1
60 ) 147 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
60
 RP =  = 5.45 
11 K ˆh hG¯ï mvnvGhÅ ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGZ AvavGbi AwÕ¦Z½ I cÉK‡wZ wbYÆq

 ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, Rs > RP A^Ævr ˆkÉwY mgevGq ZyjÅGiva > mgv¯¦ivj Kiv hvq ZvGK ZworexÞY h¯¨ eGj|
mgevGq ZyjÅGiva| L evwoi Še`yÅwZK h¯¨cvwZ wbivc` ivLvi RbÅ ˆh mKj eÅeÕ©v
cÉk² 146 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 6 MÉnY Kiv DwPZ ˆmàGjv nGjv:
C 5 5
1. mvwKÆU êËKvi; 2. wdDR; 3. myBGPi mwVK msGhvM; 4. f„-
D E
msGhvM Zvi
5 10 M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
eZÆbxi îvamgƒn, R1 = 10, R2 = 10, R3 = 5
B A F eÅvUvixi ZwoœPvjK ej, E = 16 V
eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevn 1.5A ‰es ˆKvGli ˆfvGÎŸR 15V C I D ‰i wefe cv^ÆKÅ, VCD = ?
K. ˆRbvGiUi KvGK eGj? 1 îvaàGjv ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ ^vKvq ‰Gì ZyjÅGiva,
L. ‰KwU UÇv´ÖdgÆvGii ˆMŒYKzíjxi cvK msLÅv gyLÅ Kzíjxi 4 RS = R1 + R2 + R3 = 10 + 10 + 5 = 25
àY nGj cÉevngvòvi Kx cwieZÆb nGe? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2  eZÆbxi ZworcÉevn, I = E = 16V = 0.64A
Rs 25
M. 5 wgwbGU DÚ ˆKvlwUi eÅwqZ kwÚ wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. AD I DE AsGki `yB cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆKÅ mgvb nGe wK? myZivs C I D ‰i wefe cv^ÆKÅ, VCD = IRCD
= IR3
MvwYwZK hywÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4 = 0.64A  5
146 bs cÉGk²i Dîi = 3.2 volt (Ans.)
K ˆh hG¯ï mvnvGhÅ hvw¯¨K kwÚGK Zwor kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ Kiv 
 N eZÆbxi cÉevngvòv cƒGeÆi Zyjbvq 2.5 àY nGZ nGj eZÆbxi
nq, ZvGK ˆRbvGiUi eGj| 1
ZyjÅGiva cƒGeÆi 2.5 ev, 0.4 àY nGZ nGe A^Ævr cwiewZÆZ AeÕ©vq,
L Avgiv Rvwb,
eZÆbxi ZyjÅGiva, Req = Rs  0.4 = 25  0.4
is n p
= ‰LvGb, = 10
ip n s ns = 4np 10 gvGbi ZyjÅGiva cvIqv hvGe hw`, R1 = 10 I R2 = 10
i n np = gyLÅ Kzíjxi cvK msLÅv
ev, is = 4np îva«¼qGK mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ KGi ‰Gì mvG^, R3 = 5 îvaGK
p p
ns = ˆMŒY Kzíjxi cvK msLÅv ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ Kiv nq|
‰gZveÕ©vq, MvwYwZK weGkÏlY wbÁ²i…c :
R1 I R2 ‰i ZyjÅGiva RP nGj, R1 I R3 ZyjÅGiva Rp nGj,
1 1 1 1 1 1+1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1+1 2 1
= + = + = = = = + = + = = =
RP R1 R2 10 10 10 10 5 Rp R1 R3 20 20 20 20 10
 RP = 5  Rp = 10
Rp I R3 ˆkÉwYGZ hyÚ ^vKvq mvgwMÉK ZyjÅGiva, Rp I R2 ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ weavq ‰Gì ZyjÅGiva,
Req = Rp + R3 = 5 + 5 = 10 Rs = Rp + R2 = 10 + 10 = 20 (Kvw›ÞZ ZyjÅGiva)
myZivs îvaàGjvGK wbGÁ²vÚ wPGòi bÅvq mshyÚ KiGj eZÆbxi mswkÏÓ¡ eZÆbx wbÁ²i…c:
cÉevngvòv 2.5 àY nGe| R1=20
R1=10 R2=10
R3=5 I
A R2=10
I R3=20
I
I
16V (K)
cÉk² 148 wmGjU êvWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 5 ivnxGì evmvq wZbwU evwZ AvGQ| evwZ wZbwUi MvGq 100W-220V,
R3=20 60W-220V ‰es 40W-220V ˆjLv AvGQ|
K. Zwor ÞgZv Kx? 1
A i B L. ‰KwU evwZi MvGq 220V–32W ˆjLv AvGQ; ‰i A^Æ Kx? 2
R1=20 R2=10 M. wZbwU evwZ cÉwZw`b 6 N¥Ÿv KGi R½vjvGj 31 w`Gbi ‰K
i
K
i gvGm KZ BDwbU we`yÅr LiP nGe? 3
K. InGgi mƒòwU wjL| 1 N. w«¼Zxq evwZwUi wdjvGgG´Ÿi îva cÉ^g evwZwUi wdjvGgG´Ÿi
L. Zwor eZÆbxGZ mvwKÆU êËKvGii f„wgKv Kx? 2 îva AGcÞv êwk, MvwYwZK hywÚmn weGkÏlY Ki| 4
M. eZÆbxwUi ZyjÅGiva wbYÆq Ki| 3 149 bs cÉ Gk² i Dîi
N. R1, R2 I R3 ‰i mg¯¼q KxfvGe eZÆbxi ZyjÅGiva 20  K ˆKvGbv Še`yÅwZK h¯¨ ev DcKiY cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ ˆh cwigvY Zwor
cvIqv hvGe? MvwYwZK hywÚi gvaÅGg weGkÏlY Ki| 4 kwÚ AbÅ ‰K ev ‰KvwaK kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦i KiGZ cvGi, ZvGK H h¯¨
148 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ev DcKiGYi ZworÞgZv eGj|
K Zvcgvòv wÕ©i ^vKGj ˆKvGbv cwievnxi gaÅ w`Gq ZworcÉevGni  L ‰KwU evwZi MvGq 220V – 32W ˆjLvi A^Æ nGjv, evwZwU
gvb ‰i `y’cÉvG¯¦i wefe cv^ÆGKÅi mgvbycvwZK| 220V wefe cv^ÆGKÅ cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 32 J cwigvY we`yÅr kwÚGK AbÅ
L Zwor eZÆbxGZ wbivcîvgƒjK ˆKŒkj wnGmGe mvwKÆU êËKvi eÅenvi kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦i KGi|
Kiv nq| ‰wU mvaviYZ evwoi mÁÃyL ìRvi AvGkcvGk Õ©vcb Kiv nq|
M 31 w`Gbi ˆgvU N¥Ÿv msLÅv, t = 31  6 hr = 186 hr
hLb ˆKvGbv eZÆbxGZ wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvGbi AwaK Zwor cÉevwnZ nq ZLb mvwKÆU
evwZwU wZbwUi ˆgvU ÞgZv, P = 100 W + 60W + 40W = 200 W
êËKvi eZÆbxi Zwor mieivn e®¬ KGi ˆ`q| mvwKÆU êËKvi evwoi ˆKvGbv Pt
wbw`ÆÓ¡ AsGki Zwor mieivn wewœQ®² KGi| eZÆbxGZ mvwKÆU êËKvi bv  eÅwqZ BDwbU msLÅv = 1000
^vKGj AwZwiÚ Zwor cÉevGni RbÅ evwoi Zwor miévg webÓ¡ nGq ˆhGZ 200  186
= kWhr = 37.2 kWhr
cvGi, ‰gbwK Aw™²KvíI NUGZ cvGi| 1000
= 37.2 unit (Ans.)
M
R1 I R2 ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ weavq ˆÌqv AvGQ, N ˆÌqv AvGQ,
‰Gì ZyjÅGiva, eZÆbxi îvamgƒn, cÉ ^g evwZi ÞgZv, P1 = 100W ‰es wefecv^ÆKÅ, V = 220V
Rs = R1 + R2 = 20 + 10 = 30 R1 = 20, R2 = 10, V2
 cÉ^g evwZi wdjvGgG´Ÿi îva R1 nGj, P1 = R
Rs I R3 mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq hyÚ weavq R3 = 20 2 2
1
‰Gì ZyjÅGiva Rp nGj, Zy j ÅGiva, R eq = ?  R1 = =

V (220V)
= 484
1 1 1 1 1 2+3 5 P1 100W
= + = +
Rp Rs R3 30 20 60 60
= = Avevi, w«¼Zxq evwZi ÞgZv, P2 = 60 W ‰es wefe cv^ÆKÅ, V = 220V
V2
 Rp =
60
= 12  w«¼Zxq evwZi wdjvGgG´Ÿi îva R2 nGj, P2 = R
5 2
V2 (220V)2
myZivs mgMÉ eZÆbxi ZyjÅGiva, Req = 12 (Ans.)  R2 = =
P2 60W
= 806.7 
N DóxcKgGZ, R1 = 20, R2 = 10, R3 = 20 ˆhGnZy 806.7 > 484
R1, R2 I R3 ‰i mg¯¼Gq eZÆbxi ZyjÅGiva 20 cvIqv hvGe hw` R1 A^Ævr R2 > R1
I R3 mgv¯¦ivGj hyÚ Kiv nq ‰es ‰ mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi mvG^ R2 myZivs w«¼Zxq evwZwUi wdjvGgG´Ÿi îva cÉ^g evwZwUi wdjvGgG´Ÿi
ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ Kiv nq| îva AGcÞv êwk|
«¼v`k AaÅvq : we`yÅGZi ˆPŒÁ¼K wKÌqv

cÉk² 53 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2 wWwm ˆfvGÎŸR cÉGqvM KiGj cÉevwnZ ZwoGZi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe
bv, dGj ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞGòi I ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe bv ‰es dÅvivGWi
RP = 350
mƒòvbymvGi ˆmGK´£vwi KGqGj ˆKvGbv ZwoœPvjK kwÚ AvweÓ¡ nGe
RS = 750
VP = 220V bv| ‰ KviGY wPò-2 ‰ ˆMŒYKz´£jxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ kƒbÅ|
cÉk² 54 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
c`v^ÆweævGbi wkÞK cÉ^g wkÞv^ÆxGK A¯¦wiZ Zvgvi Zvi, wmwjívi
AvK‡wZi eÕ§ (KuvPv ˆjvnv) I eÅvUvwi w`Gjb ‰es w«¼Zxq wkÞv^ÆxGK
mshyÚ Zvi, eÅvUvwi, myBP, ‰KB gvGbi wZbwU îva w`Gq ˆkÉwY I
mgv¯¦ivj eZÆbx ŠZwi KiGZ ejGjb|
K. AvB.wm (IC) KvGK eGj? 1 K. Zvwor ˆPŒÁ¼K AvGek KvGK eGj? 1
L. wmGÕ¡g jm ˆKb nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 L. `ƒi-`ƒivG¯¦ we`yÅr ˆcÉiGYi RbÅ ˆgvUv Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq
M. wPò:1 ˆ^GK ˆMŒYKzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR (wefe cv^ÆKÅ) wbYÆq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
KGiv| 3 M. DóxcGKi DcKiYàGjv w`Gq cÉ^g wkÞv^Æx KxfvGe ZvwoZ PzÁ¼K
N. wPò:2 ‰ ˆMŒYKzíjxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ kƒbÅ ˆKb? ˆhŒwÚKfvGe ŠZwi KiGe Zv ˆZvgvi cvVÅeBGqi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 N. w«¼Zxq wkÞv^Æxi ŠZwi Kiv eZÆbx `ywUi Zwor cÉevn ˆKgb
53 bs cÉGk²i Dîi nGe, Zv wPòmn ˆZvgvi gZvgZ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
K Þz`Ë cwimGi wbwgÆZ AmsLÅ WvGqvW, UÇvbwRÕ¡i, îwRÕ¡i ‰es 54 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
KÅvcvwmUGii mg®¼Gq MwVZ ‰K aiGbi weGkl mgw®¼Z eZÆbxGK K ‰KwU MwZkxj PzÁ¼K ev Zworevnx eZÆbxi mvnvGhÅ AbÅ ‰KwU

AvB.wm. (I.C) eGj| e«¬ eZÆbxGZ ZwoœPvjK kwÚ ev Zwor cÉevn Drc®² nIqvi NUbvGK
L we`yÅr cwienGbi mgq cwievwni îvGai RbÅ ˆh cwigvY we`yÅr ZvwoZGPŒÁ¼K AvGek eGj|
kwÚ Þq nq ZvGK wmGÕ¡g jm ejv nq| we`yÅr Drcv`b ˆKG±`Ê L `ƒi-`ƒivG¯¦ Zwor cvVvGbvi mgq ˆh Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq Zvi
Drc®² we`yÅr kwÚ cwievnx ZvGii mvnvGhÅ cÉ^Gg mve-GÕ¡kGb ‰es îva, R I Zwor cÉevn I nGj DÚ ZvGi Zwor cÉevGni RbÅ eÅwqZ
ˆmLvb ˆ^GK MÉvnK chÆvGq weZiY Kiv nq| we`yÅr mçvjGbi RbÅ Zwor ÞgZv, P = I2R hv ZvckwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nGe|
ˆh cwievnx Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq ‰iI wKQz cwigvY îva AvGQ| ‰ îva hZ êwk nGe Zwor kwÚi AcPqI êwk nGe| ‰ KviGY ‰
dGj wKQz cwigvY we`yÅr kwÚ ZvGc i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| R îvGai ˆKvGbv îvGai gvb Kg ivLv nq|
cwievnx ZvGii gaÅ w`Gq I gvGbi Zwor cÉevwnZ nGj ZvGZ wmGÕ¡g Avgiv Rvwb wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi ŠZwi ˆKvGbv
jGmi cwigvY I2R| ‰ KviGY MÉvnK chÆvGq cÉvµ¦ we`yÅr kwÚ we`yÅr wbw`ÆÓ¡ Š`GNÆÅi ZvGii îva, R ‰i cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdGji
ˆKG±`Ê Drcvw`Z we`yÅr kwÚ AGcÞv Kg nq| 1
eÅvÕ¦vbycvwZK  R  A
M wPò-1 ‰ ˆMŒY Kz´£jxi ˆfvGÎŸR Vs nGj,
Vs Ip Vp/Rp ‰LvGb, dGj cÉÕ©GœQGì ˆÞòdj hZ êwk îva ZZ Kg| ‰ KviGY `ƒi
= =
Vp Is Vs/Rs gyLÅ Kz´£jxi ˆfvGÎŸR, Vp = 220V `ƒivG¯¦ we`yÅr cwienGb ˆgvUv Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq|
Vs V p R s
ev, V = R  V gyLÅ Kz´£jxi îva, Rp = 350Ω M ˆjvnv, ˆKvevÎŸ Avi wbGKj ‰B wZbwU avZzi weGkl ˆPŒÁ¼Kxq agÆ
V
p
2
p
R
s
ˆMŒY Kz´£jxi îva, Rs = 750Ω AvGQ| ‰àGjvGK ‰GjvGgGjvfvGe ^vKv AmsLÅ ˆQvU ˆQvU PzÁ¼K wnGmGe
ev, V s2 = R s KÍ¸bv Kiv hvq| ˆhGnZz meàGjv ˆQvU PzÁ¼K ‰GjvGgGjvfvGe AvGQ ZvB
p p
1 cyGiv ˆjvnvi UzKGivUv ˆKvGbv PzÁ¼K wnGmGe KvR KGi bv|
V R
()
ev, V s = Rs
p p
2
wK¯§ hLb ‰UvGK ‰KUv KGqj ev mwjbGqGWi gvGS ˆXvKvGbv nq ‰es
ˆmB mwjbGqGW we`yÅr cÉevwnZ Kiv nq ZLb ˆmUv ˆh ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞò ŠZwi
1 1
R 750
V =V ( ) 2
( ) 2 KGi ˆmUv ˆjvnvi UzKivi ˆQvU ˆQvU PzÁ¼KàGjvGK mvwie«¬ KGi ˆdGj
s
s p = 220  = 322.05 V (Ans.)
R 350
p
ZvB we`yÅr cÉevGni RbÅ ŠZwi ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞGòi mvG^ mvG^ ˆjvnvi wbRÕ¼
N UÇv´ÖdgÆvGi ˆjvnvi ˆKvGii ‰K cvGk ^vKv cÉvBgvwi KGqGj ‰wm ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞò ‰Kò nGq AGbK kwÚkvjx ‰KUv ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞò ŠZwi nGq
wefe cÉGqvM Kiv nGj KGqGj Zwor cÉevGni cwieZÆb NUGe ‰es hvq| ‰fvGe ŠZwi Kiv PzÁ¼KGK ejv nq ZvwoZPzÁ¼K|
KGqj I ˆjvnvi ˆKvGi Zwor cÉevGni cwieZÆGbi dGj m†Ó¡ ‰Lb c`v^ÆweævGbi wkÞK cÉ^g wkÞv^ÆxGK ˆh DcKiYàGjv ˆ`b
ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞòI evoGe-KgGe| Avevi ˆjvnvi ˆKvGii AbÅ cvGkI Zvi Zv nGZ A¯¦wiZ Zvgvi ZviGK wmwjívi AvK‡wZi eÕ§i PvicvGk
cuÅvPvGbv AvGQ| ˆmB ˆmGK´£vwi KGqGji gvGSI ˆjvnvi ˆKvGii ˆcuwPGq mwjbGqW ŠZwi KiGe| AZtci DÚ mwjbGqWGK eÅvUvwii
ˆfZi w`Gq ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞòwUi KÌgvMZ cwieZÆb nGZ ^vKGe, hvi mvG^ hyÚ Zwor cÉevwnZ Kiv nq ‰es mwjbGqGWi gvGS KuvPv ˆjvnvi
KviGY ‰B KGqGj ‰KwU AvweÓ¡ ZwoœPvjK kwÚ cvIqv hvGe| UzKiv cÉGek KwiGq ZvwoZPzÁ¼K ŠZwi KiGe|
‰B cÉwKÌqvi bvg ZvwoZGPŒÁ¼K AvGek cÉwKÌqv| dÅvivGWi mƒò nGZ  N gGb Kwi, R mggvGbi wZbwU îva w`Gq h^vKÌGg ŠZwiK‡Z ˆkÉwY
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆMŒY KzíjxGZ AvweÓ¡ ZwoœPvjK kwÚi RbÅ ˆMŒY
I mgv¯¦ivj eZÆbx wbg³i…c
KzíjxGZ ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞGòi cwieZÆb AvekÅK| ‰Lb cÉvBgvwi KGqGj
R
R R R
R
R ‰KwU UÇv´ÖdgÆvGii gyLÅKzíjx I ˆMŒYKzíjxi cvKmsLÅvi AbycvZ 1
Is  50| H hG¯ï gyLÅKzíjxi ZworcÉevn 5 A ‰es ˆfvGÎŸR 220 V|
E IP E K. mwjbGqW Kx? 1
ˆkÉwY mgevGq hyÚ eZÆbxGZ ZzjÅGiva, Rs nGj, L. ˆgvUiGK ˆRbvGiUGii wecixZ h¯¨ ejv nq ˆKb? 2
Rs = R + R + R = 3R M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Vp  Vs wbYÆq Ki| 3
Avevi, mgv¯¦ivj mgevGq hyÚ eZÆbxGZ Z„jÅGiva Rp nGj, N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK MvwYwZKfvGe ˆ`LvI ˆh UÇv´ÖdgÆvGi
1 1 1 1 3 gyLÅ ‰es ˆMŒYKzíjxGZ Še`yÅwZK ÞgZv aË‚e ^vGK| 4
= + + =
RP R R R R 56 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
R
 RP =
3 K mwjbGqW nGjv ˆcuPvGbv ZvGii Kzíjx hvi gaÅ w`Gq Zwor cÉevwnZ
‰Lb, ˆkÉwY eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevn, IS I mgv¯¦ivj eZÆbxGZ Zwor nGj KzíjxGZ `í PzÁ¼GKi bÅvq kwÚkvjx ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞò ŠZwi nq|
cÉevn, IP nGj, L ˆgvUi I ˆRbvGiUGii MVb ‰KB nGjI ‰i KvR wecixZ eGj
E ˆgvUiGK ˆRbvGiUGii wecixZ h¯¨ ejv nq| ˆgvUi Zwor kwÚGK
E R hvw¯¨K kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi| Aciw`GK ˆRbvGiUi hvw¯¨K kwÚGK
IP RP 3 3E 3R ZworkwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi| Avevi Zworevnx ZvGii Dci
= = = × =9
IS E E R E
RS 3R ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞGòi cÉfveGK KvGR jvwMGq ˆgvUi ŠZwi Kiv nq| Aciw`GK,
 Ip = 9Is .
ZvwoZGPŒÁ¼K AvGek bxwZi Ici wfwî KGi ˆRbvGiUi ŠZwi Kiv nq|
A^Ævr, mgv¯¦ivj mgevGqi eZÆbxGZ Zwor cÉevn ˆkÉwY mgevGqi ‰ me KviGY ˆgvUiGK ˆRbvGiUGii wecixZ h¯¨ ejv nq|
eZÆbxi Zwor cÉevGni bqàY nGe| M DóxcK nGZ cvB,

n 1
cÉk² 55 hGkvi êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8 gyLÅ I ˆMŒY Kzíjxi cvKmsLÅvi AbycvZ, nP = 50
S
‰KwU UÇv´ÖdgÆvGii gyLÅKzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR 450V, cvKmsLÅv 100wU ‰es Avgiv Rvwb, VP = nP = 1
VS nS 50
cÉevn 1.5A nGj ˆMŒYKzíjxGZ cÉevn 6.15A cvIqv hvq|
 VP : VS = 1 : 50 (Ans.)
K. ˆZRwÕ˜qZv KvGK eGj? 1 
N 5(N)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c|
L. ˆZRwÕ˜q ˆgŒGji AaÆvqy eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. ˆMŒYKzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR wbYÆq KGiv| 3 cÉk² 57 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8
N. 1.5 kW ÞgZvi ‰KwU ZworGgvUi UÇv´ÖdgÆviwUi mvnvGhÅ
PvjvGbv mÁ¿e wK bv Zv MvwYwZK weGkÏlGYi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 4
55 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆKvGbv ˆgŒj ˆ^GK Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆfvGe ˆZRwÕKÌq KYv ev iwkÄ
wbMÆgGbi NUbvGK ˆZRwÕ˜qZv eGj|
K. ‰bwRIMÉvwd Kx? 1
L ˆh mgGq ˆKvGbv ˆZRwÕ˜q c`vG^Æi ˆgvU cigvYyi wVK AGaÆK
L. Õ·xKvi KxfvGe KvR KGi? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
cwigvY ÞqcÉvµ¦ nq, ZvB nj H ˆgŒGji AaÆvqy| aiv hvK ˆKvGbv
M. wPò-1 ‰ A I B ‰i gGaÅ ˆKvbwU Dîi ˆgi‚? eÅvLÅv Ki|3
ˆgŒGj 8,00,000wU ˆZRwÕ˜q cigvYy AvGQ| ‰i AGaÆK A^Ævr
N. wPò-2 ‰ ZviwU ˆKvb w`GK jwº¬ ej Abyfe KiGe?
4,00,000wU cigvYy Þq nGq ˆKvGbv bZzb ˆgŒGj i…cv¯¦wiZ nGZ ˆh weGkÏlY Ki| 4
mgq jvGM ZvB H c`vG^Æi AaÆvqy| AaÆvqyi gvb ˆgŒGji cigvYyi 57 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Avw` msLÅvi Dci wbfÆi KGi bv| ˆhGKvGbv msLÅK cigvYyi RbÅ
‰KwU weGkl ˆZRwÕ˜q ˆgŒGji AaÆvqy ‰KwU aË‚e msLÅv| A^Ævr  K ‰bwRIMÉvwd nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU cÉwZweÁ¼ ŠZwii cixÞv ˆhLvGb
ˆgŒjwUi ˆhGKvGbv msLÅvi cigvYyi cieZÆx AGaÆK msLÅK ÞqcÉvµ¦ kixGii iÚbvwjKv mgƒn ˆ`Lvi RbÅ ‰ÝGi eÅenvi Kiv nq| ‰
nGZI mgvb mgq jvMGe| cixÞvi gvaÅGg iÚevnx wkiv ev agbx àGjv mi‚, eÐK I cÉmvwiZ
nGqGQ wKbv, Zv wbYÆq Kiv hvq|
M ˆMŒY Kzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR VS nGj,
L Õ·xKvGii KvhÆKÌg: AwaKvsk jvDW Õ·xKvi nj PjKzíjx
VS IP gyLÅ Kzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR, VP = 450V jvDWÕ·xKvi| ‰GZ ^vGK
= 1. êjbvK‡wZi ‰KwU Õ©vqx PzÁ¼K hv ‰KwU kwÚkvjx ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞò
VP IS gyLÅ Kzíjxi cÉevn, IP = 1.5A
IP ŠZix KGi|
 VS = ()
IS
VP ˆMŒY Kzíjxi cÉevn, IS = 6.15A
2. ‰KwU ˆQvU KGqj ev Zvi Kzíjx SzjvGbv ^vGK| ‰B KzíjxwU
1.5 gyÚfvGe `yjGZ cvGi|
= ( )
6.15
 450
3. Zvi Kzíjxi mvG^ kâz AvK‡wZi KvMR jvMvGbv ^vGK|
= 109.76V (Ans.) hLb kõ ˆ^GK ŠZix cwieZÆx Zwor cÉevn ‰ Zvi Kzíjx w`Gq
N 2(N)bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîGii Abyi…c| Dîi: PvjvGbv hvGe bv| cÉevwnZ nq, ZLb Zvi KzíjxwU AMÉcøvr hvIqv Avmv KGi| ‰GZ
KvMGRi kâzwU KwÁ·Z nq| dGj kGõi m†wÓ¡ nq|
M wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ A I B ‰i gGaÅ B cÉv¯¦ Dîi ˆgi‚| UÇv´ÖdgÆvi| Avgiv Rvwb ˆh, UÇv´ÖdgÆvi ZvwoGPŒÁ¼K AvGek bxwZGZ
eÅvLÅv: B cÉvG¯¦i w`K ˆ^GK ˆ`LGj Zwor cÉevnGK Nwoi KuvUvi KvR KGi|
wecixZ w`GK cÉevwnZ nGZ ˆ`Lv hvGe| ZvB KvGQi cÉvG¯¦ A^Ævr B wK¯§ DóxcGK hw` VP Zwor DrmwU AC ‰i cwieGZÆ DC ˆbqv nq,
cÉvG¯¦ Dîi ˆgi‚ m†wÓ¡ nGe| ZvnGj UÇv´ÖdgÆviwU KvR KiGe bv| KviY UÇv´ÖdgÆvGii gyLÅ KzíjxGZ
N wPGò cÉ`î `yBwU `í PzÁ¼GKi gGaÅ ‰KwU Zworevnx Zvi| DC Drm jvMvGbv nGj ‰GZ ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞGòi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe bv,
ˆPŒÁ¼K ejGiLvàGjv Dîi ˆgi‚ ˆ^GK `wÞY ˆgi‚GZ cÉevwnZ nGœQ| dGj ˆMŒY Kzíjxi gGaÅ w`Gq AwZKÌv¯¦ Zwor ejGiLviI ˆKvGbv
Avevi ZviwUi (+) cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK () cÉvG¯¦i w`GK Zwor cÉevwnZ cwieZÆb nGe bv| dGj ZvwoZGPŒÁ¼K AvGeGki kZÆvbyhvqx, ‰GZ
nGœQ| ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞòwU ‰B ZwoZevnx ZvGii Dci ‰KwU ej cÉGqvM ˆMŒY KzíjxGZ ˆKvGbv cÉKvi ZwoœPvjK ej AvweÓ¡ nGe bv|
KiGe| ‰es ‰B eGji w`K wbÁ²gyLx nGe| KviY ZvGii wfZi w`Gq cÉk² 59 ewikvj êvWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 6
Zwor cÉevGni dGj ZvGii DcGii AsGk m†Ó¡ ˆPŒÁ¼K ejGiLvi w`K
ivwKeGì evmvq we`yÅr msGhvGMi wefe cv^ÆGKÅi gvb 220V wK¯§
‰es PzÁK ¼ ˆgi‚«¼Gqi RbÅ m†Ó¡ ejGiLvi w`K ‰KB nIqvq ej
ZvGì evmvq wdÌGRi RbÅ ìKvi 660V| ˆm ‰B RbÅ ‰KwU
îLvi NbZ½ e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| cÞv¯¦Gi ZvGii wbGPi AsGk ˆPŒÁ¼K ej
UÇv´ÖdgÆvi ŠZwi KGiGQ hvi gyLÅ KzíjxGZ cvKmsLÅv 200wU|
îLvàGjvi w`K wecixZ nIqvq ejGiLvi NbZ½ nËvm ˆcGqGQ|
K. Zwor PzÁ¼K AvGek Kx? 1
cÉk² 58 hGkvi êvWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8 L. AvweÓ¡ Zwor cÉevn KxfvGe e†w«¬ Kiv hvq? 2
M. ivwKGei UÇv´ÖdgÆvGii ˆMŒY KzíjxGZ cvKmsLÅv KZ? 3
N. MvwYwZKfvGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, gyLÅ Kzíjxi Zwor cÉevn ˆMŒY
V
Epp= 20V V
Ess = 55V
Kzíjxi Zwor cÉevGni 2.5 àY| 4
59 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K. AaÆvqy Kx? 1
K cwieZÆbkxj ˆPŒÁ¼K ˆÞGòi «¼viv ˆKvGbv eZÆbxGZ ZwoœPvjK

L. ‰gAviAvB eÅ^vnxb I wbivc` îvM wbYÆq c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
kwÚ ev Zwor cÉevn m†wÓ¡i NUbvGK Zwor PzÁ¼K AvGek eGj|
M. Is wbYÆq Ki| 3
N. Vp Zwor Drm AC ‰i cwieGZÆ DC ˆbqv nq ZGe, L AvweÓ¡ Zwor cÉevn wbGÁ²vÚfvGe e†w«¬ Kiv hvq
UÇv´ÖdgÆviwUi wKÌqv ˆKŒkj eÅvLÅv Ki| i. PzÁG¼ Ki ˆgi‚kwÚ e†w«¬ KGi|
4
58 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ii. PzÁK ¼ GK ev Zvi Kz´£jxGK `Ë‚Z Avbv-ˆbIqv KGi|
K ˆh mgGq ˆKvGbv ˆZRwÕ˜q c`vG^Æi DcwÕ©Z ˆgvU AÞZ cigvYyi iii. Zvi Kzíjxi cvK ev cuÅvGPi msLÅv e†w«¬ KGi|
wVK AGaÆK cwigvY ÞqcÉvµ¦ nq, ZvGK H c`vG^Æi AaÆvqy eGj| M
L ‰g Avi AvB hG¯ï kwÚkvjx ˆPŒÁ¼KGÞò ‰es îwWI Ziã Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
eÅenvi KGi kixGii ˆKvGbv Õ©vGbi ev AGãi weÕ¦‡Z cÉwZweÁ¼ MVb Vp n p
= gyLÅ Kzíjxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ, Vp = 220V
Vs n s ˆMŒY Kyíjxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ, Vs = 660V
Kiv nq| ‰g Avi AvBGqi gvaÅGg cÉvµ¦ cÉwZweÁ¼ kixGii AfÅ¯¦Gii Vs
mewKQy ˆ`LGZ mvnvhÅ KGi| ‰B hG¯¨ ‰ÝGi ev AbÅ ˆKvGbv aiGbi ev, n s = n p  gyLÅ Kzíjxi cvK msLÅv, np = 200 wU
Vp
ÞwZKi wewKiY eÅenvi Kiv nq bv| ZvB ejv hvq, ‰gAviAvB 660 ˆMŒY KzíjxGZ cvK msLÅv, ns = ?
= 200 
eÅ^vnxb I mÁ·ƒYÆ wbivc` îvM wbYÆq c«¬wZ| 220
= 600 wU (Ans.)
M
I V
Avgiv Rvwb, IS = VP ˆÌqv AvGQ, N

P S gyLÅ Kzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR, VP = 20 V Avgiv Rvwb, Vp = Is DóxcK nGZ cvB,
VP
 IS =  IP
VS
ˆMŒY Kzíjxi ˆfvGÎŸR, VS = 55 V V s Ip gyLÅ Kzíjxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ, Vp = 220V
220 Is
20 V gyLÅ Kzíjxi cÉevn, IP = 2 A ev, = ˆMŒY Kzíjxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ, Vs = 660V
= 2A 660 Ip
55 V ˆMŒY Kzíjxi cÉevn, IS = ? Is 1 awi, gyLÅ Kzíjxi Zwor cÉevn = Ip
= 0.73A (Ans.) ev, =
‰es ˆMŒY Kzíjxi Zwor cÉevn = Is
Ip 3
N DóxcGK ‰KwU ˆÕ¡c Avc ev AvGivnx UÇv´ÖdgÆvi ˆ`LvGbv ev, Ip = 3  Is
nGqGQ| ˆh UÇv´ÖdgÆvi AÍ¸ wefGei AwaK Zwor cÉevnGK AwaK AZ‰e, gyLÅ Kzíjxi Zwor cÉevn ˆMŒY Kzíjxi Zwor cÉevGni 3 àY
wefGei AÍ¸ Zwor cÉevGn i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi ZvB ‰wU AvGivnx A^Ævr 2.5 àGYi êwk|
PZz`Æk AaÅvq : Rxeb euvPvGZ c`v^Æweævb

cÉk² 30 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8 K. ˆRbvGiUi KvGK eGj? 1
Avnv` mvGnGei n†`wcGíi agbxGZ eÐK cixÞv Kivi RbÅ WvÚvi L. BGjKwUÇK NwoGZ ˆÕ¡cWvDb UÇv´ÖdgÆvi eÅenvi Kiv nq
ZvGK ‰KwU ˆgwWGKj ÛGÕ¡i civgkÆ ˆ`b| wekÉvgKvjxb mgGq ˆKb? 2
wZwb KwÁ·DUvi I ˆgvevBj eÅenvi KGi mgq eÅq KGib| M. WvÚvGii ˆ`qv cixÞvwU eYÆbv KGiv| 3
AaÅvq 13 I 14 ‰i mg®¼Gq N. DóxcGKi h¯¨ `ywUi KvhÆKix eÅenvGii Kx c`GÞc ˆbqv
ˆhGZ cvGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi KwÁ·DUvi I ˆgvevBj eÅenvi ˆ^GK m†Ó¡ Õ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅvi wPwKrmvi
K ˆh Zwor h¯¨ hvw¯¨K kwÚGK Zwor kwÚGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi, ZvGK ˆPGq ‰B mgmÅv m†wÓ¡ nGZ bv ˆÌqvUvB eyw«¬gvGbi KvR| AvgvGì
ˆRbvGiUi eGj| mZKÆ nGZ nGe ˆhb ‰me Õ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅvi m†wÓ¡ bv nq| wKQy mnR
wbqg ˆgGb PjGjB Avgiv ‰B aiGbi mgmÅv ˆ^GK iÞv ˆcGZ
L ˆh UÇv´ÖdgÆvi AwaK wefGei AÍ¸ Zwor cÉevnGK AÍ¸ wefGei cvwi| ˆhgb:
AwaK Zwor cÉevGn i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi, ZvGK ˆÕ¡c WvDb UÇv´ÖdgÆvi 1. KwÁ·DUvGi KvR Kivi mgq mwVKfvGe emGZ nGe ‰es ˆmvRv
eGj| BGjKwUÇK NwoGZ evmvevwoi wefGei Zzjbvq Kg wefe mÁ·®² mvgGb ZvKvGZ nGe|
we`yÅr cÉGqvRb| ZvB DÚ ˆÞGò ˆÕ¡c WvDb UÇv´ÖdgÆvi cÉGqvRb| 2. KvGRi duvGK duvGK A¯¦Z Avav N¥Ÿv ci ci 5 wgwbGUi RbÅ
M n†`wcGíi agbxGZ eÐK cixÞv Kivi RbÅ ‰bwRIMÉvwd Kiv nGjI wekÉvg wbGZ nGe ‰es Kuva I NvoGK wijÅvÝ KiGZ
cÉGqvRb| WvÚvGii ˆ`qv cixÞvwU wQj ‰bwRIMÉvwd| w`GZ nGe|
‰bwRIMÉvwd nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU cÉwZweÁ¼ ŠZwii cixÞv ˆhLvGb 3. ˆgvevBj ev KwÁ·DUvGii wÕ˜bwU ˆhb ˆPvL ˆ^GK 50-60
kixGii iÚbvwjKvmgƒn ˆ`Lvi RbÅ ‰ÝGi eÅenvi Kiv nq| ˆmw´ŸwgUvi `ƒGi ^vGK| wÕ˜b ˆ^GK wbMÆZ wewf®² ÞwZKi
mvaviY ‰Ý-î KGi iÚbvwj fvGjvfvGe ˆ`Lv hvq bv eGj iwkÄi nvZ ˆ^GK ˆPvLGK euvPvGZ wÕ˜b wdÎŸvi eÅenvi Kiv
‰bwRIMÊvwd Kivi mgq iÚbvwjGZ weGkl Contrast Material ev ˆhGZ cvGi|
Šemv`†kÅ Zij (WvB) XzwKGq ˆÌqv nq| iÚbvwji ˆh AskUzKz 4. cÉwZ 10 wgwbU ci ci wKQyÞGYi RbÅ nGjI `ƒGii ˆKvGbv
cixÞv KiGZ nGe wVK ˆmLvGb WvB ˆÌqvi RbÅ ‰KwU mi‚ ‰es wKQyi w`GK ZvKvGZ nGe, ‰GZ ˆPvGL Avivg`vqK nGe|
bgbxq bj ˆKvGbv ‰KwU AvUÆvwi w`Gq kixGi XzwKGq ˆÌqv nq| ‰B gvbwmK mgmÅv:
mi‚ ‰es bgbxq bjwUGK eGj KÅvwÛvi| KÅvwÛvi w`Gq iÚbvwji KwÁ·DUvi I ˆgvevBj eÅenvGi ˆhme kvixwiK mgmÅv nGZ cvGi
wbw`ÆÓ¡ RvqMvq WvB ˆÌqvi ci ˆmB ‰jvKvq ‰Ý-î ˆbIqv nq| Zvi ˆPGq AGbK ài‚Zi mgmÅv nGœQ gvbwmK mgmÅv| B´ŸviGbU
WvB ^vKvi KviGY ‰Ý-îGZ iÚbvwjàGjvGK Õ·Ó¡ ˆ`Lv hvq| WvB mnRjfÅ nIqvi KviGY AvRKvj cÉvq mevB ‰wU eÅenvi KiGZ
cGi wKWwbi mvnvGhÅ ˆQuGK Avjv`v Kiv nq ‰es cÉmÉvGei mvG^ cvGi| B´ŸviGbGU ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb Z^Å I ævGbi fvívi D¯ÃyÚ KGi
kixi ˆ^GK êi nGq hvq| mvaviYZ ˆhme mgmÅv cixÞv Kivi RbÅ ivLv AvGQ wVK ˆmiKg mvgvwRK ˆbUIqvKÆ RvZxq mvwfÆGmi gvaÅGg
WvÚviiv ‰bwRIMÉvg Kivi civgkÆ ˆ`b, ˆmàGjv nGœQ: AmGPZb eÅenviKvixGì ˆgvnMÉÕ© KGi ivLvi eÅeÕ©vI KGi ivLv
(a) n†`wcGíi evBGii agwbGZ eÐGKR nGj- iÚbvwj eÐK nGj iGÚi AvGQ| gGbvweævbxiv MGelYv KGi ˆ`LvGZ ÷i‚ KGiGQb ˆh, gvbyl
Õ¼vfvweK cÉevn nGZ cGi bv, n†rwcGí hG^Ó¡ iÚ mieivn Kiv bv ˆhfvGe gv`GK AvmÚ nGq hvq ˆmfvGe AwZwiÚ KwÁ·DUvi eÅenvi,
nGj ˆmwU wVKfvGe KvR KiGZ cvGi ‰es nvUÆ AÅvUvGKi B´ŸviGbU ev mvgvwRK ˆbUIqvGKÆ AvmÚ nGq ˆhGZ cvGi| AwZwiÚ
Avkâv êGo hvq| KwÁ·DUvi ˆMg ˆLGj g†ZzÅeiY KGiGQ, ‰iKg D`vniYI AvGQ|
(b) agwb cÉmvwiZ nGj KvGRB me mgqB gGb ivLGZ nGe AvaywbK cÉhywÚ gvòB fvGjv bq|
(c) wKWwbi agwbi AeÕ©vàGjv êvSvi RbÅ c†wêxGZ ˆhgb AGbK AcÉGqvRbxq ‰es ÞwZKi cÉhywÚ AvGQ wVK
(d) wkivi ˆKvGbv mgmÅv nGj ˆmiKg fvGjv cÉhywÚi AceÅenvGii KviGY ˆmwU AvgvGì RxeGb
wmwU Õ•Åvb wKsev ‰gAviAvB Kivi mgq mKj cixÞv kixGii Awfkvc nGq ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| ZGe ‰mGei wbqw¯¨Z eÅenviB
evBGi ˆ^GK Kiv nq| ‰bwRIMÉvg Kivi mgq ‰KwU KÅvwÛvi AvgvGì mKj mgmÅvi mgvavb w`GZ cvGi|
kixGii ˆfZGii iÚbvwjGZ ˆXvKvGbv nq eGj ˆKvGbv iKg mvRÆvwi
bv KGiB ZvrÞwYKfvGe iÚbvwj eÐGKi wPwKrmv Kiv mÁ¿e| cÉk² 31 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
N DóxcGKi h¯¨cvwZ eÅenvGii dGj c†wêx ˆhgb PGj ‰GmGQ Bgb mvGnGei eyK eÅ^v, eyK aodcovwb, `Ë‚Z n†`Õ·±`b| ZvB
AvgvGì nvGZi gyGVvq, ˆZgwb m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ bvbvb iKg mgmÅv| WvÚvGii kiYvc®² nGj ZvGK BwmwR cixÞv Kivi civgkÆ w`Gjb|
myZivs ‰Gì ˆ^GK mGeÆvœP myweav ˆcGZ ‰Gì KvhÆKi eÅenvi K. ‰g Avi AvB ‰i cƒYÆi…c Kx? 1
KiGZ nGe| L. wfwWI KbdvGiG´Ö eÅen†Z msGKZ Kxi…c eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
AvgvGì ˆ`Gk we`yÅGZi Lye Afve ZvB ‰me wWfvBm Ah^v eÅenvi M. DóxcGKi cixÞvi mvnvGhÅ DÚ îvM wKfvGe kbvÚ KiGe
KGi we`yÅGZi AcPq Kie bv| AGbGK AvaywbK ˆhvMvGhvM eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
eÅeÕ©vGK eÅenvi KGi bvbv iKg AcivagƒjK KvR KGi| ‰Gì N. DóxcGKi îvM wbYÆGq AbÅ ˆKvGbv cÉhywÚi mvnvGhÅ Kiv
ˆ^GK mveavb ne ‰es ‰i mvnvGhÅ Avgiv wbGRivI ˆKvGbv hvGe wKbv DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
AcivGai KvR Kie bv| 31 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Õ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅv: K MRI ‰i cƒYÆi…c nGjv Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

DÚ h¯¨ `ywUi Awbqw¯¨Z eÅvcK eÅenvGii dGj wewf®² Õ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅvi
m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| L wfwWI KbdvGiG´Ö eÅen†Z msGKZ Zwor PzÁ¼Kxq Ziã AvKvGi
hviv AwaKÞY aGi KwÁ·DUvi wbGq KvR KGi, KwÁ·DUvGii wK- ˆcÉiY Kiv nq| Avgiv Rvwb, Zwor PzÁK
¼ xq Ziã AÅvbvjM msGKZ|
êvWÆ I gvDGmi `xNÆÞY I `xNÆw`b eÅenvGii dGj ZvGì nvGZi ZvB wfwWI KbdvGiG´Ö msGKZ MÉnY I ˆcÉiY Kiv nq AÅvbvjM
iM, Õ²vqy, KewR, evü, Kuva I NvGo AwZwiÚ Pvc cGo| KvGRB AvKvGi, wK¯§ KbdvGiG´Ö eÅen†Z h¯¨vsGki gGaÅ eÅen†Z msGKZ
KvGRi duvGK hG^Ó¡ wekÉvg bv wbGj ‰me AGã eÅ^vmn bvbv iKg wWwRUvj msGKZ|
mgmÅvi m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| ‰Qvov `xNÆÞY ‰KUvbv ˆgvevBj wÕ˜Gbi M 2(M) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|

w`GK ZvwKGq ^vKGj ˆPvGLI bvbv iKg mgmÅvi m†wÓ¡ nq| N 2(N) bs m†Rbkxj cÉGk²vîi `ËÓ¡eÅ|


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AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi 1

gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ

bƒÅbvâ eGj| A wbGiU ejwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2.5 cm

w«¼Zxq AaÅvq: MwZ

ˆkl 40 sec mylg g±`Gb wÕ©i nIqvi ˆÞGò,

cÉk²  103 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6 ˆeM (m/sec) 0 5 10 15 20 20 20 15 10

v2 = u2 + 2as Avw`GeM, u = 2 cm cÉGeGki ci Y

ev, s = 2  1.25  104 2

80 ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv| wK¯§ w`GKi cwieZÆb nIqvq H eÕ§i

0 10 20 0 10 20 KiZ ZGe ˆgvU KZ mgq jvMZ? 4

K. gvòv KvGK eGj? 1 20

4 cÉk² 116 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 1

1 K AwfKlÆR Z½iGYi gvòv nGjv [g] = LT2|

v (m/s) Z½iGYi gvb 2m/s2 hv aË‚egvGbi|

F 1500 15 gvjmn UÇvGKi fi,

KiGjb| dGj 5 sec ‰ UÇvKwU ˆ^Gg ˆMj| Lvwj UÇvK I gvGji fi

PZz^Æ AaÅvq : KvR, ÞgZv I kwÚ

‰KwU wÕ·És msMÉn KGiGQ| wÕ·ÉswUi Dci 800 J KvR Kivq Zv 8 B

bv| ZLb kvgxg wÕ·ÉswUGK AvGiv msKzwPZ Kij ˆhb eÕ§wUGK H A D

DœPZvq wbGÞc KiGZ cvGi|

Avgiv Rvwb, h = ut  2 gt2

C ev, vB2 = 19.6 (hmax  0.1)

DGóGkÅ iIbv nGq 70s ‰ Õ•zGj ˆcuŒQvq| iwbi eo fvB Rwbi fi

C D ‰KRb wKÌGKU ˆevjvGii cici `yBwU eGji MwZGeM h^vKÌGg 150

ˆewk KÓ¡mvaÅ nGe| ev, 0 = 1736.39m2s–2 – 19.6m/s2  h

L. cÅvPhyÚ cvwbi Kj hv NywiGq LyjGZ nq, mvevbhyÚ ˆfRv

ejGK cxob eGj|

iwbi fi, m = 50kg ev, x = 100  x 100m B

wmuwoi ˆgvU DœPZv, h = 4m ev, x + x = 100 x

ZvGK wefekwÚ eGj| C

cçg AaÅvq : c`vG^Æi AeÕ©v I Pvc

cÉwZwU ˆjvnvi UzKivi fi = 5 kg 9.8 m/s2|

K ˆKvGbv eÕ¦yGK Zij ev evqexq c`vG^Æ AvswkK ev mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc 1m

wbgwäZ KiGj eÕ¦ywU cÉevnxi IRGbi `i‚b IcGii w`GK ˆh jwº¬

= 7.85  103 m2 N ‰LvGb,

lÓ¤ AaÅvq : eÕ¦yi Ici ZvGci cÉfve

cÉk² 88 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3

wPò: 1 bs cvò wPò: 2 bs cvò

mµ¦g AaÅvq : Ziã I kõ

evqyGZ kGõi ˆeM, va = 347 m s1 

K hLb ˆKvGbv kõ gƒj kõ ˆ^GK Avjv`v nGq gƒj kGõi cybive†wî

Avgiv Rvwb, DóxcK nGZ cvB, Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,

AÓ¡g AaÅvq : AvGjvi cÉwZdjb

K. ˆdvKvm `ƒiZ½ KvGK eGj? A 1 F C

K AvGjvK ˆK±`Ê nGjv ˆjG´Öi AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉavb AGÞi Dci

beg AaÅvq : AvGjvi cÉwZmiY

AwfgyGL MgGbi ˆÞGò `yB gvaÅGgi weGf`ZGj KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvGYi ˆPGq N

b gvaÅGg AvGjvi ˆeM, cb = 2  108 m s1 ev, cb = ca  bna

ˆPvGLi `ƒiwe±`y O ˆZ MwVZ nq| K. eKÌZvi ˆK±`Ê Kx? 1

Zv O we±`yGZ ˆ`LGZ cvGe|

K. KÌvw¯¦ ˆKvY KvGK eGj? 1

M. DwÍÏwLZ ˆj´ÖwUi ÞgZv KZ? 3

`kg AaÅvq : wÕ©i we`yÅr

300 cm Avgiv Rvwb,

K. Zwor AvGek KvGK eGj? 1 60C 30C q 2q

L. 1 C Avavb ejGZ Kx eyS? 2

‰Kv`k AaÅvq : Pj we`yÅr

R4 I R5 mgv¯¦ivGj ^vKvq ZzjÅGiva Rp2 nGj,

ii. ZwoœPvjK kwÚ eZÆbxi wefe cv^ÆKÅ eZÆbxi ˆivGai