DbœZZi Rxebaviv 1

gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask

cÉ^g AaÅvq: D®²ZZi Rxebaviv
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cÉk² I Dîi
cÉk
 ² 1 beg ˆkÉwYi Qvò Zzwnb cÉvqB dvÕ¡ dzW Lvq| ‰Kw`b ˆm cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi NvUwZ ^vGK| cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi ‰B NvUwZi RbÅ ˆm
AmyÕ© nGq coGj Zvi evev ZvGK WvÚvGii wbKU wbGq ˆMGjb| AmyÕ© nGq cGo| ‰gZveÕ©vq WvÚvi ZvGK chÆvµ¦ cwigvY mylg
WvÚvi wKQy cixÞv-wbixÞv Kivi ci ejGjb, ZvGK chÆvµ¦ cwigvY Lv`Å MÉnY KiGZ eGjb| ˆKbbv mylg LvG`Å ˆ`Gni RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq
mylg Lv`Å ˆLGZ nGe|  wkLbdj-1 I 3 [Xv. ˆev. 2016] cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi meàGjv chÆvµ¦ cwigvGY ^vGK| ‰B Lv`Å MÉnY
K. cywÓ¡ Kx? 1 KiGj ˆ`Gni Avwgl, kKÆiv, ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ, wfUvwgb I LwbR jeGYi
L. Avgiv Avwgl RvZxq Lv`Å LvB ˆKb? 2 Pvwn`v mwVKfvGe cƒiY nq| dGj ˆ`n myÕ© I mej ^vGK ‰es ˆivM
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ZzwnGbi AmyÕ©Zvi KviY eÅvLÅv cÉwZGiva ÞgZv e†w«¬ cvq|
KGiv| 3 DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, ZzwnGbi myÕ©Zvi RbÅ WvÚvGii
N. Zzwnb mÁ·GKÆ WvÚvGii DwÚi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 DwÚwU h^v^Æ I ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|
1 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉk
 ² 2 civGMi gv AmyÕ©| ZvB ˆm cÉwZw`b ‰Kevi iv®²v KGi|
cÉvq ZvG`i ivGZi Lvevi bÓ¡ nGq hvq| ‰B RbÅ civM Zvi wcÉq
K ˆh wecvKxq cÉwKÌqvq RxeG`n cwiGek ˆ^GK cÉGqvRbxq Lv`ÅeÕ§

Lvevi dvÕ¡ dzW Lvq| Zvi evev ‰KRb weævb wkÞK| wZwb
MÉnY KGi ‰es AvîxKiGYi «¼viv ˆ`Gni kwÚ Pvwn`v cƒiY, ˆivM
Lv`ÅmvgMÉx bÓ¡ nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGib|  wkLbdj-2 I 3
cÉwZGiva, e†w«¬ I ÞqcƒiY KGi ZvB cywÓ¡|
[iv. ˆev. 2016]
L AvgvG`i ˆ`n ˆKvGli MVb ‰es KvhÆvewj AvwgGli mvnvGhÅ K. cywÓ¡ Kx? 1
wbqw¯¨Z nq| ‰Qvov ˆ`Gni AwÕ©, ˆcwk, ˆjvg, bL cÉf‡wZ Avwgl L. Lv`ÅcÉvY ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
w`Gq ŠZwi| ZvB ˆ`n ˆKvGli MVb I KvhÆvewj myÓ¤zfvGe mÁ·v`Gbi M. civGMi wcÉq Lv`ÅwUi AcKvwiZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
RbÅ Avgiv Avwgl RvZxq Lv`Å LvB| N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ `ËeÅàGjv bÓ¡ nIqvi KviY I
M ZzwnGbi AmyÕ©Zvi KviY Zvi Lv`Åvfvm| msiÞGYi Dcvq weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
DóxcK nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq, Zzwnb cÉvqB dvÕ¡ dzW Lvq| ‰wU ‰gb ‰K 2 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
aiGbi Lvevi, hv ‰i Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq eis ‰i gyLGivPK K cywÓ¡ nGjv cwiGek ˆ^GK cÉGqvRbxq Lv`ÅeÕ§ AvniY KGi
Õ¼vG`i RbÅ Drcv`b Kiv nq| ‰GZ AwZwiÚ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ I Lv`ÅeÕ§GK cwicvK I ˆkvlY Kiv ‰es AvîxKiY «¼viv ˆ`Gni
cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK, hv kixGii RbÅ LyeB Pvwn`v cƒiY, ˆivM cÉwZGiva, e†w«¬ I ÞqcƒiY Kiv|
ÞwZKi| ‰B AwaK cwigvGY PweÆ RvZxq Lvevi ˆLGj ˆ`n ‰àGjvGK
L RxGei Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ I cywÓ¡i RbÅ kKÆiv I Avwgl QvovI
PweÆKjvq i…cv¯¦i KGi| dGj ˆ`n Õ©ƒjKvq nGq cGo| ‰i djÕ¼i…c
weGkl ˆh Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi cÉGqvRb nq ZvB Lv`ÅcÉvY| ‰wU ŠRe
ˆ`Gn wewf®² aiGbi AmyÕ©Zv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ‰Qvov ‰GZ we`Ågvb
cÉK‡wZi ˆhŒwMK c`v^Æ| ‰B Dcv`vbwU mvaviYZ LvG`Å AwZ mvgvbÅ
AwZwiÚ cwigvY wPwb, `uvZ I Z½KGK bÓ¡ KGi ˆ`q| ‰GZ AvgvG`i
cwigvGY ^vKGjI wecvK wKÌqvq DrGmPGKi mvG^ ˆKv-‰bRvBg
ˆ`Gni RbÅ `iKvwi wfUvwgb I LwbR c`vG^Æi Afve iGqGQ| ZvB
wnGmGe Lv`ÅcÉvY KvR KGi| ‰wU cÉvYxi e†w«¬ I kixi myÕ© ivLvi
‰àGjv ˆLGj ˆ`Gni ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvq|
RbÅ AcwinvhÆ| ‰i AfvGe ˆ`Gni ÞqcƒiY I e†w«¬ mvabmn wewf®²
DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, Zzwnb AwZwiÚ dvÕ¡ dzW LvIqvi
KvR eÅvnZ nq|
KviGYB Zvi kixGii RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi NvUwZ ‰es
ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvIqvq AmyÕ© nGq cGo| M DóxcK nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq, civM dvÕ¡ dzW Lvq| ‰wU ‰gb ‰K
aiGbi Lvevi, hv ‰i Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq eis ‰i gyLGivPK
N DóxcGK Zzwnb mÁ·GKÆ WvÚvGii DwÚwU nGjv ZzwnbGK chÆvµ¦ Õ¼vG`i RbÅ Drcv`b Kiv nq| ‰GZ AwZwiÚ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ I
cwigvGY mylg Lv`Å ˆLGZ nGe| wbGP ‰B DwÚwUi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY Kiv cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK, hv kixGii RbÅ LyeB
nGjv ÞwZKi| ‰B AwaK cwigvGY PweÆ RvZxq Lvevi ˆLGj ˆ`n ‰àGjvGK
DóxcK nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq, Zzwnb cÉvqB dvÕ¡ dzW Lvq| ‰GZ AwZwiÚ PweÆKjvq i…cv¯¦i KGi| dGj ˆ`n Õ©ƒjKvq nGq cGo| ‰i djÕ¼i…c
ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ, PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK, wK¯§ wfUvwgb I LwbR c`vG^Æi ˆ`Gn wewf®² aiGbi AmyÕ©Zv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ‰Qvov ‰GZ we`Ågvb
Afve ^vGK| Zzwnb ‰B Lv`Å ˆewk LvIqvq Zvi kixGi LvG`Åi Dî× AwZwiÚ cwigvY wPwb, `uvZ I Z½KGK bÓ¡ KGi ˆ`q| ‰GZ AvgvG`i
Dcv`vbàGjv ˆewk cwigvGY ^vGK| dGj AbÅvbÅ LvevGii cÉwZ Zvi ˆ`Gni RbÅ `iKvwi wfUvwgb I LwbR c`vG^Æi Afve iGqGQ| ZvB
Pvwn`v Kg ^vGK| ZvB Zvi ˆ`Gni RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq wewf®² aiGbi ‰àGjv ˆLGj ˆ`Gni ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvq|
2 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

N DóxcGK Lv`ÅmvgMÉx bÓ¡ nIqv mÁ·GKÆ ejv nGqGQ| Lv`Å N DóxcGKi B ZvwjKvfzÚ Lv`ÅàGjv nGjv wfUvwgb wm RvZxq
mvaviYZ cÉvK‡wZK KviGY bÓ¡ nGq ^vGK| ZGe wewf®² ŠeævwbK Lv`Å| DwÍÏwLZ Lv`ÅàGjv QvovI wewf®² dj, ˆhgb@ AvgjwK,
Dcvq AejÁ¼b KGi Lv`Å msiÞY Kiv hvq| ˆcqviv BZÅvw`, wewf®² kvKmewR ˆhgb@ gyjvkvK, Kijv BZÅvw`GZ
Lv`Å bÓ¡ nevi AbÅZg KviYàGjv nGœQ RxevYy I QòvK «¼viv cÉPzi cwigvGY wfUvwgb wm ^vGK|
AvKÌv¯¦ nIqv ‰es cwiGekMZ KviGY ‰àGjvi `Ë‚Z e†w«¬, LvG`Åi
wfUvwgb wm Z½K, nvo I `uvZ BZÅvw`i ˆKvlmgƒnGK ciÕ·Gii mvG^
gGaÅ we`Ågvb DrGmPGKi cwigvY e†w«¬, cwiGeGki Av`ËÆZv, Zvc I
ˆRvov jvwMGq gReyZ Muv^ywb cÉ`vb KGi| `uvZ I gvwo kÚ ivLvi
AGÁÏi cwigvY e†w«¬| hw`I DcGivÚ KviYàGjv ‰KKfvGe ˆKvb
cvkvcvwk kixGii ÞZ cybMÆVGb mvnvhÅ KGi| ‰QvovI ˆ`Gni ˆivM
Lv`ÅGK bÓ¡ KiGZ cvGi bv| KGqKwU KviY ‰KGò msNwUZ nevi
dGjB gƒjZ Lv`Å bÓ¡ nGq ^vGK| D`vniYÕ¼i…c ejv hvq, cwiGeGki cÉwZGivGai cvkvcvwk ˆÕ²n, Avwgl I AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmGWi wecvK
Av`ËÆZv e†w«¬i mvG^ mvG^ RxevYyi e†w«¬ NGU ‰es Zvcgvòv e†w«¬i KvGR f„wgKv ivGL|
dGj Lv`ÅeÕ§GZ we`Ågvb DrGmPGKi cwigvY e†w«¬ NUvi KviGYB ˆKvGbv KviGY ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ B ZvwjKvfzÚ wfUvwgb wm RvZxq Lv`Å
Lv`Å bÓ¡ nGq ^vGK| Dcv`vb MÉnY bv KiGj ‰i ZxeË AfvGe Zvi Õ•vwfÆ ev `uvGZi gvwo
ZGe wKQy ŠeævwbK Dcvq AejÁ¼b KiGj Lv`ÅGK bÓ¡ nIqv ˆ^GK w`Gq iÚcov ˆivM nGe| wfUvwgb wm ‰i AfvGe AwÕ©i MVb kÚ I
euvwPGq msiÞY Kiv mÁ¿e| ˆhgb avb, Pvj, Mg I mwilvGK ˆivG` gReyZ nGZ cviGe bv| Zvi Z½GK Nv nGj, ˆmB ÞZ ÷KvGZ ˆ`wi
÷wKGq Av`ËÆZvi cwigvY KgvGbvi gvaÅGg QòvK I eÅvKGUwiqvi nGe| `uvGZi gvwo dzGj `uvGZi ‰bvGgj DGV hvGe| dGj `uvZ `yeÆj
e†w«¬ I ‰bRvBGgi wKÌqvGK cÉwZnZ Kiv hvq| ‰Qvov KuvPv nGq AKvGj SGi coGe| ‰QvovI ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg wMGq
kvKmewR, dj, gvQ ‰es gvsm `Ë‚Z cPbkxj nIqvq ‰G`iGK mnGR Vvív jvMvi cÉeYZv evoGe|
ˆiwdÌRvGikb ev wdÌwRs c«¬wZGZ msiÞY Kiv hvq| DcGivÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ‰ K^v Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, KvGiv Lv`Å Dcv`vGb
ZvQvovI ˆcqviv, AvGcj, Avbvim ˆiwdÌRvGikb ‰es Rym A^ev wfUvwgb wm ‰i Afve ^vKGj Zvi gvivñK Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ mgmÅv nIqvi
ˆRwj ŠZwi KGi msiÞY Kiv hvq| mÁ¿vebv ^vGK|
cÉk
² 3 A wWGgi Kzmyg mwilvi ˆZj wPbv ev`vg cÉk
² 4
LvG`Åi gyLÅ Dcv`vbmgƒn
B ˆjey cyw`bvcvZv dzjKwc
 wkLbdj-1 I 4 [w`. ˆev. 2016] Pvj, wPwb, Kjv gvQ, `ya, Wvj ev`vg, wN, cwbi
K. Rvâ dzW Kx? 1 P Q R
L. WÈvM AvmwÚ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2  wkLbdj-1 [Kz. ˆev. 2016, P. ˆev. 2016]
M. A Lv`Å ˆ`Gn KxfvGe KvR KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 K. BMI ‰i cƒYÆbvg Kx? 1
N. hw` ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ B Lv`Å Dcv`vb bv Lvq ZvnGj Kx nGe? L. ˆRic&^Åvjwgqv ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 M. DóxcGK ‘P’ wbG`ÆwkZ Dcv`vGbi KvR eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
3 bs cÉGk²i Dîi N. DóxcGK ‘Q’ wbG`ÆwkZ Dcv`vb cÉvYxG`n MVGbi RbÅ
K Rvâ dzW nGœQ ‰K aiGbi Lvevi hvGZ PweÆ, jeY, KveÆGbU
 AcwinvhÆ gZvgZ `vI| 4
BZÅvw` ÞwZKviK `ËGeÅi cwigvY ˆewk ^vGK| 4 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L KÌgvMZ gv`K`ËeÅ ˆmeGbi KviGY hLb ‰gb AeÕ©v m†wÓ¡ nq K BMI ‰i cƒYÆbvg nGjv Body Mass Index.

ˆh gv`K`ËGeÅi mvG^ gvbyGli Š`wnK I gvbwmK mÁ·KÆ MGo DGV
L wfUvwgb A ‰i Afve `xNÆÕ©vqx nGj ˆPvGLi KwYÆqvq Avjmvi
‰es gvbyl evaÅZvgƒjKfvGe gv`K ˆmeb QvovI bvbv mgmÅvq cGo
ZLb ‰ AeÕ©vGK ejv nq WÈvM AvmwÚ| WÈvGMi Dci ˆKvGbv eÅwÚi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰B AeÕ©vB nGjv ˆRic&^Åvjwgqv | ‰ AeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ nGj
eÅwÚ cyGivcywi A®¬ nGq hvq| ‰wU ˆPvGLi ‰KwU gvivñK ˆivM|
AvmwÚ bvbvfvGe RvMGZ cvGi| ˆhgb ˆKŒZ„nj, mãG`vl, nZvkv
`ƒi Kivi RbÅ, gvbwmK h¯¨Yv jvNe Kivi RbÅ, cvwievwiK Akvw¯¦ M DóxcGK 'P' wbG`ÆwkZ Dcv`vb nGjv LvG`Åi ‰KwU gyLÅ Dcv`vb
BZÅvw`| ‘kKÆiv’| kKÆiv kixGii KgÆÞgZv evovq ‰es ZvckwÚ Drcv`b
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ A ZvwjKvi Lv`ÅàGjv ˆÕ²n RvZxq Lv`Å| Lv`Å KGi| RxeG`Gn wecvKxq KvGRi RbÅ ˆh kwÚ jvGM Zv k¼mGbi mgq
wcivwgGW ˆÕ²n RvZxq LvG`Åi AeÕ©vb me ˆ^GK DcGi| kKÆivi RviGYi gvaÅGg cvIqv hvq|
Lv`ÅeÕ§i gGaÅ ^vKv ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ ˆ`Gn meÆvwaK Zvc I kwÚ Drcv`b cÉwZ MÉvg kKÆiv RviGY 4.1 wKGjvKÅvjwi kwÚ Drc®² nq|
KGi| ˆ`Gni cywÓ¡ I e†w«¬i RbÅ ‰ Dcv`vbwU AZÅvekÅK| ˆÕ²n ™ÏvBGKvGRb cÉvYxG`Gn Lv`Å NvUwZGZ ev AwaK cwikÉGgi mgq kwÚ
c`v^Æ ˆ`n ˆ^GK ZvGci AcPq ˆiva KGi ‰es fwelÅGZi RbÅ Lv`Å mieivn KGi| ˆmjyGjvR ‰KwU AcvPÅ cÉK‡wZi kKÆiv| ‰wU AuvkhyÚ
fvívi wnGmGe KvR KGi| Z½GKi gm†YZv I mRxeZv eRvq ivGL Lv`Å ‰es ˆKvÓ¤ KvwVbÅ ˆivaK| ivBGevR I wW-AwÝmivBGevR
‰es PgÆGivM cÉwZGiva KGi| mGeÆvcwi ˆÕ²n c`vG^Æ `ËeYxq bvgK ˆcG´ŸvR kKÆiv ˆKvGl wbDwKÑK ‰wmW wW‰b‰ I Avi‰b‰
wfUvwgbmgƒn, ˆhgb: A, D, E I K ˆkvlGY mnvqZv KGi| MVGb Ask ˆbq| ‰Qvov LvG`Å ˆcÉvwUb wKsev dÅvGUi Afve nGj
‰fvGeB ˆÕ²n RvZxq Lv`Å ˆ`nGK myÕ© I mej ivLGZ KvR KGi| kKÆiv ˆ^GK ‰àGjv msGkÏl ev ŠZwi nq|
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 3

N DóxcGK 'Q' ‰ iGqGQ gvQ, `ya, Wvj; hv w`Gq LvG`Åi ‰KwU nGe| meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ welq nGjv ZvGK wbqwgZ eÅvqvg KiGZ
gyLÅ Dcv`vb AvwglGK wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| nGe| ZvnGj Zvi we‰gAvB KGg Av`kÆ gvGb ˆcuŒQvGZ cviGe|
Avwgl ˆ`Gni RbÅ AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ‰KwU gyLÅ Lv`Å Dcv`vb| cywÓ¡ AbÅ^vq Õ©ƒjZvRwbZ wewf®² mgmÅv ˆ`Lv w`Ge| Lv`ÅvfÅvm wbq¯¨Y I
weævGb hv ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Dcv`vb wnGmGe weGewPZ nq| ‰wU wbqwgZ eÅvqvg KGi we‰gAvB cwieZÆb Z^v Av`kÆ gvGb AvbGjB
cÉvwYG`Gni MVGb KvR KGi| ˆ`nGKvGli MVbeÕ§i ˆewkifvMB ingvb mvGne myÕ©fvGe Rxebhvcb KiGZ cviGeb|
AvwglhyÚ| ˆ`Gni AwÕ©, ˆcwk, ˆjvg, cvwLi cvjK, bL, c÷i wks AZ‰e, WvÚvi ingvb mvGneGK wbqwgZ eÅvqvg KiGZ I mylg
cÉf‡wZ ŠZwi nq Avwgl «¼viv| bZzb ˆKvl Drcv`Gb ‰wU cÉavb f„wgKv Lvevi ˆLGZ ˆh civgkÆ w`GqGQb Zv h^v^Æ|
cvjb KGi| iGÚi wnGgvG™Ïvweb ŠZwiGZ ‰es ˆ`n MVGb mvnvhÅKvix cÉk
 ² 6 iwbi B`vwbs LvIqvi cÉwZ AvKlÆY KGg ˆMGQ| me mgq
wewf®² DrGmPK I niGgvb MVGbI AvwgGli f„wgKv iGqGQ| AGMvQvGjvfvGe ^vGK| KgÆwegyLZv I nZvkv jÞÅ Kiv hvq| Mfxi
cÉvwYGKvGli MVb QvovI ‰i KvhÆvewjI AvwgGli mvnvGhÅ wbqw¯¨Z ivZ chƯ¦ e®¬yG`i mvG^ Avìv w`Gq AÕ¼vfvweKfvGe evmvq wdGi|
nq| cÉvwYG`Gni ÷Ó• IRGbi 50%-B Avwgl| ˆm cÉvq Zvi gvGqi KvGQ UvKvi RbÅ evqbv aGi ‰es evevi cGKU
AZ‰e, DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbv «¼viv cÉZxqgvb nq ˆh, 'Q' wbG`ÆwkZ ˆ^GK UvKv nvwZGq ˆbq|  wkLbdj-9 [h. ˆev. 2016]
Avwgl RvZxq Lv`Å cÉvwYG`n MVGbi RbÅ AcwinvhÆ|
K. WHO Kx? 1
cÉk
 ² 5 ingvb mvGnGei eqm 40 eQi| Zvi IRb 78 ˆKwR ‰es L. RvâdzW ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
DœPZv 1.75 wgUvi| wZwb cÉvqB kvixwiK mgmÅvq fzMGQb| WvÚvi M. Kx Kx cwiGekMZ KviGY iwbi ‰ cwiYwZ nGZ cvGi
ZvGK eÅvqvg KiGZ I mylg Lvevi ˆLGZ civgkÆ w`Gjb| eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
 wkLbdj-7 I 11 [wm. ˆev. 2016] N. iwbGK mwVK cG^ wdwiGq AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi Kx Kx
K. wfUvwgb we-KgGµÏÝ Kx? 1 c`GÞc MÉnY Kiv `iKvi? ˆZvgvi gZvgZmn weGkÏlY
L. ivGdR kixGii RbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆKb? 2 KGiv| 4
M. ingvb mvGnGei we‰gAvB wbYÆq KGiv| 3 6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N. WvÚvGii civgkÆ mwVK wKbv@ hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
K WHO nGjv World Health Organization ev wek¼ Õ¼vÕ©Å msÕ©v|
5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L Rvâ dzW ev dvÕ¡dzW nGœQ ‰gb ‰K aiGbi Lvevi, hv ‰i
K 12 cÉKvi wfUvwgb B-ˆK ‰KGò wfUvwgb B KgGµÏÝ ejv nq|
Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq eis ‰i gyLGivPK Õ¼vG`i RbÅ Drcv`b Kiv
L ivGdR gƒjZ AuvkhyÚ Lv`Å| ‰ Lv`Å ˆKvÓ¤KvwVbÅ, n†`GivM, nq| ‰Uv LvIqv Lye gRvi ‰es ‰UvGK Lye AvGe`bgq gGb nGZ
WvqvGewUm BZÅvw` cÉwZGiva KiGZ mÞg| ivGdRhyÚ Lv`Å kixGii cvGi, wK¯§ ‰Uv kixGii RbÅ fvGjv bq| ‰GZ cÉvqB AwZwiÚ
AwZwiÚ PweÆ KgvGZ mvnvhÅ KGi| ‰QvovI ‰B Lv`Å MÉnGY ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ ^vGK hv ‰GK myÕ¼v`y KGi ˆZvGj, wK¯§ ‰àGjv
wcî^wji ˆivM, Lv`Åbvwj I gjvkGqi KÅv´Övi, Ak¼Æ I AÅvGcw´£Km AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi| ‰GZ mvaviYZ cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK|
cÉf‡wZ AGbKvsGk nËvm cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv ^vGK| ‰RbÅ ivGdR
M DóxcGK ewYÆZ jÞYàGjv chÆGeÞY KiGj ˆevSv hvq, iwb
kixGii RbÅ ài‚Z½cyYÆ Lv`Å Dcv`vb|
gv`KvmÚ| ˆhme cwiGekMZ KviGY iwbi ‰ cwiYwZ nGZ cvGi
M DóxcGKi Z^Å nGZ cvB, ˆmàGjv wbGP eÅvLÅv KGiv nGjv
ingvb mvGnGei IRb = 78 ˆKwR iwbi ‰jvKvq nqGZv gv`K`ËeÅ mnRjfÅ| ˆm ˆeKviZ½ mgmÅvqI
DœPZv = 1.75 wgUvi fzMGQ| ‰Qvov Zvi PvicvGki AmvgvwRK cwiGek weivR KiGQ; ˆm
ˆ`Gni IRb (ˆKwR) wmGbgv A^ev ˆKvGbv wUwf wmwiqvGj gv`K wbGZ ˆ`LGQ| iwbi
Avgiv Rvwb, we‰gAvB = 2 AvkcvGk WÈvGMi igigv eÅemv ^vKGZ cvGi ev ˆmLvGb AmvgvwRK
[ˆ`Gni DœPZv (wgUvi)]
KvR I Aciva ˆewk nq A^ev ‰gb Õ©vGb ˆm evm KGi ˆhLvGb
78
AZ‰e, ingvb mvGnGei we‰gAvB = (1.75)2 WÈvM ˆbIqvi myGhvM ˆewk ^vGK|

= 25.47 (cÉvq) AvGjvPbvK‡Z meàGjv KviYB AvGkcvGki cwiGeGki cÉfvGe NGU| iwb
ev Zvi gGZv eqGmi ˆQGjiv ZvB mnGRB gv`KvmÚ nGq coGZ cvGi|
N DóxcGK ingvb mvGneGK WvÚvi wbqwgZ eÅvqvg KiGZ I mylg
Lvevi ˆLGZ civgkÆ w`Gjb hv AZů¦ Ri‚ix| KviY, myÕ©  N iwbGK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi f„wgKvB
RxebhvcGbi RbÅ gvbe kixGii mwVK gvGbi we‰gAvB ^vKv avb| Zvi evev-gv ZvGK gv`K wbivgq ˆK±`Ê ev nvmcvZvGj fwZÆ
cÉ
`iKvi| gvbyGli myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ we‰gAvB-i Av`kÆ gvb nGjv KivGeb ‰es Lye mnvbyf„wZi mvG^ Zvi wPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v ˆbGeb|
18.5–24.9| wK¯§ ingvb mvGnGei we‰gAvB 25.47 A^Ævr Zvi Zviv cÉ^Gg iwbGK Zvi WÈvM ˆbIqv e®¬zG`i ˆ^GK Avjv`v KiGeb|
kixGii IRb AwZwiÚ| kixGii IRb Lye ˆewk ˆeGo ˆMGj gvbyl jÞÅ ivLGeb ˆh, ˆKvGbvKÌGg ˆhb iwbi KvGQ gv`K`ËeÅ ˆcuŒQvGZ bv
KgÆwegyL nGq cGo| DœP iÚPvc, n†`GivM, Aemv`MÉÕ¦Zv BZÅvw` cvGi| Zviv iwbi gvbwmK wPwKrmv KivGeb hvGZ ˆm WÈvGMi K^v
bvbv iKg mgmÅvi cÉGKvc evGo| myÕ© Rxebhvcb KiGZ nGj ZvGK gGb bv AvbGZ cvGi| ‰RbÅ weGkl ˆKvGbv KvGR ZvGK hyÚ
KiGeb| iwbi mvG^ Õ¼vfvweK eÅenvi Kivi cvkvcvwk Zvi evev-gv
LvevGii cwigvY wKQyUv KgvGZ nGe, PweÆRvZxq Lvevi ‰woGq PjGZ
4 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

gv`K wbivgq ˆKG±`ÊiI mvnvhÅ wbGeb| ˆmLvGb iwbGK fwZÆ KiGj, nGq AKvGj SGi coGe| ‰QvovI ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg wMGq
wPwKrmK AvGÕ¦ AvGÕ¦ gv`GKi eÅenvi KwgGq ˆkGl ‰GKevGi ˆ`qv mnGR Vvív jvMvi cÉeYZv evoGe|
e®¬ KiGeb| hvGZ nVvr WÈvM e®¬ Kivi Lvivc cÉfveUv KGg hvq| DcGivÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ‰ K^v Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, KvGiv Lv`Å Dcv`vGb
iwbi Nyg wVKgGZv bv nGj ev Zvi ˆfZGi ˆewk AwÕ©iZv ev wfUvwgb C ‰i Afve ^vKGj Zvi Õ¼vÕ©Å Lvivc nIqvi Avkâv
weG`Ëvnxfve ˆ`Lv w`Gj wPwKrmK ZvGK Õ²vqy wkw^jKviK Jla I ^vGK| ZvB ejv hvq, wfUvwgb C hyÚ Lv`Å Õ¼vÕ©Å myiÞvq AZxe
NyGgi Jla ˆ`Geb| ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|
mGeÆvcwi iwbi evev-gv Zvi mvG^ e®¬ymyjf I mnvbyfzwZkxj
cÉk
 ² 8 SYÆv ˆeMGgi beg ˆkÉwY co~qv ˆQGj ˆkvfGbi gyGLi
AvPiGYi gvaÅGg cybeÆvmb KGi mgvGRi Õ¼vfvweK ˆmÉvGZ ‰Gb ZvGK
mvgGbi `yGUv `uvZ cGo ˆMGQ| KGqKUv `uvGZ ˆcvKv I gvwo ˆ^GK
Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq AvbGeb|
cÉvqB iÚ cGo| kixGii Pvgov LmLGm ˆ`Lvq| KGqK w`b ci ci
cÉk
² 7 1bs evMÆvi, wKÌmcm, wcrRv Vvív ˆjGM R¾i nq| ‰GZ Zvi cov÷bvq cÉvqB weN³ NGU| A^Æ KGÓ¡
2bs AvgjwK, ˆjey, cyw`bv cvZv ^vKv Zvi gv avi KGi wKQy UvKv ˆhvMvo KGi ˆkvfbGK ‰K
 wkLbdj-3 I 4 [e. ˆev. 2016] WvÚvGii KvGQ wPwKrmv KivGbvi RbÅ wbGj WvÚvi me wKQy wP¯¦v
K. wfGbMvi Kx? 1 KGi wKQy Jla I wbqwgZ UvUKv kvK-me&wR ‰es ˆjey, AvgjwKi
L. ˆKK, weÕ•zU I cvDi‚wUi gq`vi mvG^ ˆewKs ˆmvWv gZ djàGjv AekÅB ˆLGZ ejGjb|  wkLbdj-4 [e. ˆev. 2016]
ˆgkvGbv nq ˆKb? 2 K. cywÓ¡ Kx? 1
M. DóxcGKi 1bs mvwii Lv`ÅàGjv KZUzKz Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ L. ewWgvm BbGWÝ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. ˆkvfGbi DwÍÏwLZ kvixwiK mgmÅvàGjvi KviY weGkÏlY
N. “DóxcGK 2bs mvwii Lv`ÅàGjv Õ¼vÕ©Å myiÞvq AZxe KGiv| 3
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ”@ hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 N. ˆ`n myÕ© ivLvi ˆÞGò DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ LveviàGjvi
7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ài‚Z½ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
K wfGbMvi nGjv ‰wmwUK ‰wmGWi 5% Rjxq `ËeY|
 8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L ˆKK, weÕ•zU I cvDi‚wUi gq`vi mvG^ ˆewKs ˆmvWv ev cvDWvi  K cywÓ¡ nGjv cwiGek ˆ^GK cÉGqvRbxq Lv`ÅeÕ§ AvniY KGi
ˆgkvGbv nq ‰àGjvGK ˆdvjvGZ| Zvc w`Gj ˆewKs ˆmvWv ev NaHCO3 Lv`ÅeÕ§GK cwicvK I ˆkvlY Kiv ‰es AvîxKiY «¼viv ˆ`Gni
ˆfGO CO2 Drc®² nq| hv ˆKK, weÕ•zU I cvDi‚wUGK ˆdvjvq| Pvwn`v cƒiY, ˆivM cÉwZGiva, e†w«¬ I ÞqcƒiY Kiv|
M DóxcGK 1bs ZvwjKvfzÚ Lv`ÅàGjv nGœQ Rvâ dzW| ‰àGjv  L ˆ`Gni DœPZvi mvG^ IRGbi mvgémÅ iÞv Kivi mƒPKB nGjv
‰gb ‰K aiGbi Lvevi, hv Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq gyLGivPK Õ¼vG`i ewWgvm BbGWÝ| DœPZvi mvG^ ˆ`Gni IRGbi mvgémÅ ^vKGj
w`GK jÞÅ ˆiGL Drcv`b Kiv nq| ‰àGjv LvIqv Lye gRvi ‰es
cywÓ¡MZ w`K ˆ^GK kixi myÕ© ejv nq| ewWgvm BbGWÝ wbYÆGqi
‰àGjvGK Lye AvGe`bgq gGb nGZ cvGi, wK¯§ ‰àGjv kixGii RbÅ
mƒò nGjv
fvGjv bq| ‰GZ cÉvqkB AwZwiÚ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ ^vGK, hv ‰GK
myÕv¼ `y KGi ˆZvGj, wK¯§ ‰àGjv AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi| ‰GZ mvaviYZ cÉPzi we‰gAvB = ˆ`Gni IRb (ˆKwR) 2
cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK| Avi wPcm I gPgGP fvRv [ˆ`Gni DœPZv (wgUvi)]
LvevGi cÉvwYR PweÆ DœPgvòvq ^vGK hv Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ LyeB ÞwZKi| M DóxcK Abyhvqx ˆkvfGbi kvixwiK mgmÅvàGjvi KviY wfUvwgb
Avgiv hLb AwaK cwigvGY PweÆ RvZxq Lvevi LvB, ZLb AvgvG`i C ‰i Afve| wfUvwgb C nGjv gƒjZ AÅvmKiweK ‰wmW, hv UvUKv
ˆ`n ‰àGjvGK PweÆKjvq i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi ‰es AwaK cwigvGY wPwb kvKmewR I dGj cÉPzi cwigvGY cvIqv hvq|
AvgvG`i `uvZ I Z½KGK bÓ¡ KGi w`GZ cvGi| ZvQvov ‰me LvG`Å kvK-mewR I djgƒj wfUvwgb ‘wm’ RvZxq LvG`Åi A¯¦fÆyÚ nIqvq
kixGii RbÅ `iKvwi wfUvwgb I LwbR c`vG^Æi NvUwZ iGqGQ| ‰àGjvi AfvGe wewf®² kvixwiK mgmÅvi mÁÃyLxb nGZ nq| LvG`Åi ‰B
ZvB ejv hvq, ‰ mKj Lv`Å Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RGbÅ ÞwZKi| ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Dcv`vbwUi ZxeË AfvGe AwÕ©i MVb kÚ I gReyZ nGZ cvGi
N DóxcGKi 2bs ZvwjKvfzÚ Lv`ÅàGjv nGjv wfUvwgb C RvZxq Lv`Å| bv| ‰GZ kixGii kwÚ KGg hvq ‰es Aem®² nGq cGo| kixGi
wfUvwgb wm Z½K, nvo I `uvZ BZÅvw`i ˆKvlmgƒnGK ciÕ·Gii mvG^ wfUvwgb ‘wm’ ‰i AfvGe Z½GK Nv nq I ÞZ ÷KvGZ ˆ`wi nq| Õ•vwfÆ
ˆRvov jvwMGq gReyZ Muv^ywb cÉ`vb KGi| `uvZ I gvwo kÚ ivLvi ˆivM nIqvi RbÅ LvG`Åi ‰ Dcv`vbwUi Afve cÉavbZ `vqx| ‰i dGj
cvkvcvwk kixGii ÞZ cybMÆVGb mvnvhÅ KGi| ‰QvovI ˆ`Gni ˆivM `uvGZi gvwo w`Gq iÚ cGo| ‰Qvov `uvGZi gvwo dzGj `uvGZi ‰bvGgj
cÉwZGivGai cvkvcvwk ˆÕ²n, Avwgl I AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmGWi wecvK DGV hvq ‰es `uvZ `yeÆj nGq AKvGj SGo cGo| LvG`Åi ‰
KvGR f„wgKv ivGL| Dcv`vbwUi AfvGe ˆ`Gni ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvq| dGj
ˆKvGbv KviGY ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ 2bs ZvwjKvfzÚ wfUvwgb wm RvZxq Lv`Å mnGR Vvív jvGM I KgÆwegyLZv m†wÓ¡ nq| ˆ`Gni IRb nVvr KGg
Dcv`vb MÉnY bv KiGj ‰i ZxeË AfvGe Zvi Õ•vwfÆ ev `uvGZi gvwo hvIqv, wMuGU ev ˆcwkGZ eÅv^v nIqv, Z½K I Pzj ÷Ó• nIqv BZÅvw`
w`Gq iÚcov ˆivM nGe| wfUvwgb wm ‰i AfvGe nvGoi MVb kÚ I mgmÅvàGjvI wfUvwgb ‘wm’ ‰i AfvGe nGq ^vGK|
gReyZ nGZ cviGe bv| Zvi Z½GK Nv nGj, ˆmB ÞZ ÷KvGZ ˆ`wi DcGivÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, ˆkvfGbi kvixwiK mgmÅvàGjv
nGe| `uvGZi gvwo dzGj `uvGZi ‰bvGgj DGV hvGe| dGj `uvZ `yeÆj wfUvwgb wm ‰i AfvGe nGqGQ|
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 5

N DóxcGKi Lv`ÅàGjv nGjv wfUvwgb wm RvZxq Lv`Å| DwÍÏwLZ N gwbGii ˆ`Gni kbvÚK‡Z ˆivMwU nGjv ‰BWm| KviY ‰BWm
Lv`ÅàGjv QvovI wewf®² dj, ˆhgb@ AvgjwK, ˆcqviv BZÅvw`, nGj gvbyGli Õ¼vfvweK ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvq| wbGP ‰BWm
wewf®² kvKmewR ˆhgb@ gyjvkvK, Kijv BZÅvw`GZ cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉwZGivGai Dcvq weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv
wfUvwgb wm ^vGK| ‰BWm cÉwZGiva Kivi meGPGq ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ welq nGjv, HIV msKÌgY
wfUvwgb wm Z½K, nvo I `uvZ BZÅvw`i ˆKvlmgƒnGK ciÕ·Gii mvG^ KxfvGe NGU ˆm mÁ¼G®¬ mevBGK mGPZb Kiv| AbÅGK msKÌwgZ bv
Kivi eÅeÕ©v AejÁ¼b Kiv ‰es wbGRGK HIV msKÌgY ˆ^GK
ˆRvov jvwMGq gReyZ Muv^ywb cÉ`vb KGi| `uvZ I gvwo kÚ ivLvi
myiwÞZ ivLv| ‰GÞGò iÚ`vb ev MÉnY, Awbqw¯¨Z ˆhŒb mÁ·KÆ ‰es
cvkvcvwk kixGii ÞZ cybMÆVGb mvnvhÅ KGi| ‰QvovI ˆ`Gni ˆivM WÈvM eÅenviKvixG`i wmwiGéi gvaÅGg HIV msKÌgGYi SzuwK mÁ¼G®¬
cÉwZGivGai cvkvcvwk ˆÕ²n, Avwgl I AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmGWi wecvK mKjGK AewnZ KGi ‰BWm ˆivGMi weÕ¦vi KgvGbv hvq| ‰Qvov
KvGR f„wgKv ivGL| miKvi cvkvcvwk wewf®² mvgvwRK msÕ©vàGjv giYeÅvwa ‰BWm-‰i
ˆKvGbv KviGY ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ B ZvwjKvfzÚ wfUvwgb wm RvZxq Lv`Å msKÌgY KxfvGe NGU ˆm mÁ¼G®¬ RbmGPZbZv m†wÓ¡ KiGj ‰ ˆivM
Dcv`vb MÉnY bv KiGj ‰i ZxeË AfvGe Zvi Õ•vwfÆ ev `uvGZi gvwo ˆ^GK RbmvaviYGK gyÚ Kiv mnR nGe|
w`Gq iÚcov ˆivM nGe| wfUvwgb wm ‰i AfvGe AwÕ©i MVb kÚ I cÉk
 ² 10 mvGbvqviv ˆeMg AvPvi msiÞGY wfGbMvi eÅenvi KGib
gReyZ nGZ cviGe bv| Zvi Z½GK Nv nGj, ˆmB ÞZ ÷KvGZ ˆ`wi ‰es dj, gvQ, gvsm, kvK-mewR, Pvj, Mg wewf®² c«¬wZGZ
nGe| `uvGZi gvwo dzGj `uvGZi ‰bvGgj DGV hvGe| dGj `uvZ `yeÆj msiÞY KGib| wK¯§ dj eÅemvqx ˆmvGnj wgqv dj msiÞGY
nGq AKvGj SGi coGe| ‰QvovI ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg wMGq digvwjb eÅenvi KGib| wkLbdj-2 [iv. ˆev. 2015]
K. mylg Lv`Å KvGK eGj? 1
mnGR Vvív jvMvi cÉeYZv evoGe|
L. KÅvjwi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
DcGivÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ‰ K^v Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, KvGiv Lv`Å Dcv`vGb M. mvGbvqviv ˆeMGgi eÅen†Z c«¬wZàGjv eYÆbv KGiv| 3
wfUvwgb wm ‰i Afve ^vKGj Zvi gvivñK Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ mgmÅv nIqvi N. mvGbvqviv ˆeMg I ˆmvGnj wgqvi eÅen†Z c«¬wZi gGaÅ
mÁ¿vebv ^vGK| ˆKvbwU Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi? hywÚmnKvGi AvGjvPbv
ZvB wfUvwgb wm RvZxq Lv`Å LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| KGiv| 4
cÉk
 ² 9 gwbGii ˆ`Gni IRb 60 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.8 wgUvi| 10 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mÁ·ÉwZ Zvi ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvIqvi K ˆh LvG`Å LvG`Åi QqwU Dcv`vbB àYvàY AbymvGi DchyÚ

KviGY bvbv iKg weij ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGœQ| WvÚvGii KvGQ ˆbIqv cwigvGY ^vGK ‰es ˆh Lv`Å MÉnY KiGj ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK KvRKGgÆi
nGj wewf®² cixÞv-wbixÞv ˆkGl WvÚvi RvbvGjb, ˆm ‰KwU NvZK RbÅ DchyÚ cwigvY KÅvjwi cvIqv hvq, ZvGK mylg Lv`Å eGj|
eÅvwaGZ AvKÌv¯¦| wkLbdj-7 I 10 [Xv. ˆev. 2015] L KÅvjwi kwÚi ‰KK| ‰K MÉvg cvwbi Zvcgvòv 1 (wWwMÉ)
K. ˆKvb wfUvwgGbi AfvGe ˆewiGewi bvgK ˆivM nq? 1 ˆmjwmqvm e†w«¬ Kivi RbÅ ˆh kwÚi cÉGqvRb nq, ˆm cwigvY
L. Lv`Å ejGZ Kx eyS? 2 ZvckwÚ nGœQ ‰K KÅvjwi| ‰K MÉvg Lv`Å RviGYi dGj ˆh cwigvY
M. gwbGii ˆ`Gni we‰gAvB (BMI) wbYÆq KGiv| 3 ZvckwÚ Drc®² nq, ZvGK LvG`Åi KÅvjwi eGj| ‰K nvRvi KÅvjwi
N. gwbGii ˆ`Gni kbvÚK‡Z ˆivMwU cÉwZGivGai Dcvq mgvb ‰K wKGjvKÅvjwi|
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 M mvGbvqviv ˆeMGgi Lv`Å msiÞGY eÅen†Z c«¬wZàGjvi eYÆbv
9 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wbGP ˆ`Iqv nGjv
÷Ó•KiY t Lv`Å eÕ§GK ÷wKGq msiÞY Kiv ‰KwU cÉvPxb c«¬wZ|
K wfUvwgb B1 ‰i AfvGe ˆewiGewi bvgK ˆivM nq|

÷Ó•KiY c«¬wZGZ Lv`ÅeÕ§ ˆ^GK cvwb ÷wKGq QòvK I eÅvKGUwiqv e†w«¬
L ˆhme `ËeÅ Avnvi ev MÉnY KiGj RxeG`Gni cywÓ¡ I e†w«¬mvab, ‰es ‰bRvBg wKÌqvGK cÉwZnZ Kiv nq ‰es AGbKw`b chƯ¦ msiÞY
ÞqcƒiY, Zvc I kwÚ Drcv`b ‰es ˆivM cÉwZGiva, kwÚ e†w«¬ cÉf‡wZ Kiv hvq| mvGbvqviv ˆeMg Pvj, Mg ‰ c«¬wZGZ msiÞY KGib|
KvR mÁ·®² KGi Zv-B Lv`Å| ˆiwdÌRvGikb t ‰B c«¬wZGZ RxevYyi eske†w«¬ I ‰bRvBGgi wKÌqv
LvG`Å QqwU Dcv`vb ^vGK| h^v: kKÆiv, Avwgl, ˆÕ²n, wfUvwgb, ˆKvGbvUvB `xNÆw`Gbi RbÅ cÉwZGiva Kiv hvq bv| ZvB wZwb ‰
LwbR jeY ‰es cvwb| ‰àGjvi gGaÅ kKÆiv, Avwgl I ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ ev c«¬wZGZ KuvPv kvK-mewR, dj, iv®²v Kiv Lv`Å wKQyw`Gbi RbÅ
dÅvU ˆ`n cwiGcvlK Lv`Å, hviv ˆ`Gni cywÓ¡, e†w«¬ I kwÚ Drcv`Gb msiÞY KGib|
mnvqK| wfUvwgb, LwbR jeY I cvwb ˆ`n msiÞK Lv`Å Dcv`vb, msiÞK `ËeÅ t ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ «¼viv LvG`Åi cPb ˆiva Kiv hvq|
hviv ˆ`Gni ˆivM cÉwZGivGa mnvqZvKvix| ‰àGjvGK msiÞK `ËeÅ eGj| ˆhgb AvPvi, PvUwb, mm cÉf‡wZGZ
wfGbMvi eÅenvi KGi RxevYyi e†w«¬ ˆiva Kiv hvq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, wZwb AvPvi msiÞY KGi|
gwbGii ˆ`Gni IRb 60 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.8 wgUvi| wPwb ev jeGYi `ËeGY msiÞY t jeGYi `ËeYGK eËvBb eGj| wPwb I
60 jeGYi Nb `ËeY RxevYyG`i ewntAwfmÉeGYi «¼viv AYyRxeàGjvGK
 gwbGii ˆ`Gni we‰gAvB = = 18.5 (cÉvq)
1.8  1.8 a»sm KGi Lv`ÅGK cPb ˆ^GK iÞv KGi| ‰B c«¬wZGZ wZwb
myZivs gwbGii ˆ`Gni we‰gAvB nGjv 18.5| AvPvi, gvQ `xNÆw`b msiÞY KiGZ cviGeb|
6 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

N mvGbvqviv ˆeMg AvPvi msiÞGY wfGbMvi eÅenvi KGib| mwVK N gyÚvGii gGZv Amvay eÅemvqxG`i KZ‡ÆK Lv`Å`ËGeÅ welvÚ
cwigvGY wfGbMvi «¼viv Lv`Å msiÞY KiGj Zv Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ eÅenvi cÉwZGiva Kivi RbÅ
ÞwZKi bq| ‰Qvov dj, gvQ, gvsm, kvK-mewR, Pvj, Mg cÉf‡wZ i. ˆfvÚv AwaKvi iÞvq ˆfvÚv AvBb AviI KwVbfvGe cÉGqvGMi
msiÞGY wZwb ÷Ó•KiY, ˆiwdÌRvGikb, wPwb ev jeGYi `ËeY eÅenvi eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe|
KGib| hv Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi nqbv| Aciw`GK dj eÅemvqx ii. wewf®² msev`gvaÅg ˆhgb BGjKUÇwbK wgwWqv I msev`cGòi
ˆmvGnj wgqv dj msiÞGY digvwjb eÅenvi KGib| digvwjb nGœQ gvaÅGg eÅvcK cÉPvGii «¼viv mgvGR mGPZbZv e†w«¬ KiGZ
welvÚ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ hv Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ LyeB ÞwZKi| ‰i nGe|
`xNÆGgqv`x eÅenvGi gvbeG`Gn bvbv RwUj ˆivM AvKÌgY KiGZ iii. RbMYGK mGPZb nGZ nGe ‰ aiGbi dj KÌq bv Kivi
cvGi| ˆhgb e`nRg, cvZjv cvqLvbv, ˆcGUi bvbv cxov, eÅvcvGi|
k¼vmKÓ¡, nuvcvwb, wjfvi I wKWwb bÓ¡ nIqvmn KÅv´ÖvGii gGZv iv. hviv ‰ aiGbi ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ cÉGqvM KGi Lv`Å msiÞY KGi
giYeÅvwa chƯ¦ nGZ cvGi| digvwjGbi `xNÆGgqv`x eÅenvGi ‰es dj cvKvq, ZvG`i ‰ aiGbi AcivGai RbÅ KwVb
ˆgGqG`i MfÆRvZ m¯¦vb weKjvãI nevi mÁ¿vebv ^vGK| kvwÕ¦gƒjK eÅeÕ©v MÉnGY miKviGK DG`ÅvM wbGZ nGe|
ZvB ejv hvq, Lv`Å msiÞGY ˆmvGnj wgqvi eÅen†Z c«¬wZ Õ¼vGÕ©Åi v. ‰ eÅvcvGi övgÅgvb Av`vjZI BwZevPK f„wgKv ivLGZ cvGi|
RbÅ ÞwZKi| cÉk
 ² 12 dinv` cÉwZw`b e®¬zG`i mvG^ Avìv w`Gq AGbK ivGZ
cÉk
 ² 11 gyÚvi ‰KRb Amr dj weGKÌZv| ˆm (i) cPb ˆ^GK dj evmvq wdGi| Zvi gv ZvGK ivGZ Lvevi ˆLGZ ejGj dinv` ej ˆh,
iÞv, (ii) KuvPv djgƒj `xNÆw`b msiÞY Kiv ‰es (iii) `Ë‚Z dj Zvi Þzav ˆbB| ‰Kw`b mKvjGejv dinvG`i evev Zvi ˆkvevi NGi
cvKvGbvi RbÅ bvbv aiGbi ÞwZKi c`v^Æ eÅenvi KGi| wMGq ˆ`LGjb, dinv` AGMvQvGjvfvGe weQvbvq ÷Gq AÕ¼wÕ¦Geva
wkLbdj-7 [w`. ˆev. 2015] KiGQ| Zvi evev ‰ AeÕ©vi K^v RvbGZ PvBGj ˆm eGj Zvi wKQy
K. WHO Kx? 1 nq bvB| wkLbdj-9 [Kz. ˆev. 2015]
L. dvÕ¡ dzW ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 K. UwÝb KvGK eGj? 1
M. gyÚvi ii bs KvRwU KxfvGe KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 L. mylg Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
N. gyÚvGii gZ AbÅvbÅ eÅemvqxG`iGK cÉwZGiva Kivi RbÅ Kx M. dinvG`i ‰i…c AvPiGYi RbÅ mgvR I cwievi KZUzKz `vqx?
Kx eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? 4 eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
11 bs cÉGk²i Dîi N. dinv`GK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdGi AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi
f„wgKv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
K WHO nGjv World Health Organization ev wek¼ Õ¼vÕ©Å msÕ©v|
12 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L Rvâ dzW ev dvÕ¡dzW nGœQ ‰gb ‰K aiGbi Lvevi, hv ‰i
K eÅvKGUwiqv Lv`Å bÓ¡ KGi ˆh weGkl aiGbi welvÚ Dcv`vb
Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq eis ‰i gyLGivPK Õ¼vG`i RbÅ Drcv`b Kiv Drc®² KGi ˆmàGjvGK UwÝb eGj|
nq| ‰Uv LvIqv Lye gRvi ‰es ‰UvGK Lye AvGe`bgq gGb nGZ
cvGi, wK¯§ ‰Uv kixGii RbÅ fvGjv bq| ‰GZ cÉvqB AwZwiÚ L ˆh LvG`Å QqwU Dcv`vbB àYvàY AbymvGi DchyÚ cwigvGY ^vGK
ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ ^vGK, hv ‰GK myÕ¼v`y KGi ˆZvGj, wK¯§ ‰àGjv ‰es ˆh Lv`Å MÉnY KiGj ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK KvR-KGgÆi RbÅ DchyÚ
cwigvY KÅvjwi cvIqv hvq, ZvB mylg Lv`Å| ˆ`Gni RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq
AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi| ‰GZ mvaviYZ cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK|
Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi meàGjvB cwigvY gGZv ^vGK eGj ‰ Lv`Å ˆ`Gni
M dj eÅemvqx gyÚvGii (ii) bs KvRwU nGjv ÞwZKviK ivmvqwbK KÅvjwi Pvwn`v cƒiY KGi, Kjv ˆKvGli e†w«¬ I MVb eRvq ivGL
c`v^Æ eÅenvi KGi KuvPv djgƒj `xNÆw`b msiÞY Kiv| ‰ KvRwU ‰es ˆ`Gni kvixi e†îxq KvhÆvewj myÓ¡fvGe wbq¯¨Y KGi| mGeÆvcwi
wZwb ˆhfvGe KGib wbGP Zv eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv kixi myÕ© mej ivLGZ mylg Lv`Å ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ivGL|
i. KuvPv djgƒj `xNÆw`b msiÞGYi wZwb KvjUvi (Culter) bvGgi M dinvG`i AvPiY nGZ Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, ˆm gv`KvmÚ| dinvG`i ‰i…c
niGgvb RvZxq ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ dGji MvGq ˆÕ·É KGib| ‰GZ AvPiGYi RbÅ mgvR I cwievi AGbKLvwb `vqx|
dj `Ë‚Z cwicØ nq, wK¯§ cvGK bv| ‰i dGj wZwb `xNÆw`b aGi mvgvwRK ˆhme KviY ‰wUi RbÅ `vqx ˆmàGjv nGjv 1|
‰àGjv wewKÌ KiGZ cvGib| hv ˆgvGUI Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ fvGjv bq| gv`K`ËGeÅi mnRjfÅZv; 2| ˆeKviZ½; 3| AmvgvwRK cwiGek; 4|
ii. wZwb KuvPv djgƒj UvUKv ivLGZ ev cPb ˆivGa djgvwjb bvgK weG`kx wmGbgv ev ˆKvGbv wUwf wmwiqvj ˆ`Lv; 5| AvkcvGk WÈvGMi
welvÚ c`v^Æ ‰àGjvGZ ˆgkvb| ‰GZ djgƒj bv cGP `xNÆw`b igigv eÅemv; 6| AmvgvwRK KvR I Aciva ˆewk nq, ˆmme
UvUKv ^vGK| ‰B digvwjb wgwkÉZ Lv`Å MÉnGYi dGj gvbeG`Gn Õ©vGb evm Kiv; 7| ˆhLvGb WÈvM ˆbIqvi myGhvM ev `j ^vGK|
bvbviKg RwUj ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nq| cvwievwiK ˆhme KviY ‰wUi RbÅ `vqx ˆmàGjv nGjv 1| evev-gvi
iii. Sodium benzoate-nGjv Benzoic Acid ‰i jeY| ‰wU weGkl wbq¯¨GYi Afve; 2| nZvkv; 3| ‰KvwKZ½ I wbtmãZv; 4| m¯¦vGbi
KGi CÕ¡ bvgK QòvK ‰i e†w«¬GK cÉwZnZ KGi| dGji im, ˆecGivqv fveGK cÉkqÉ ˆ`Iqv; 5| cwievi ˆ^GK wewœQ®²Zv; 6|
dGji kuvm BZÅvw` msiÞGYi RbÅ Sodium benzoate Lye m¯¦vGbi cÉwZ hðnxbZv; 7| DMÉ Rxebhvòv ev gvbwmKZv; 8| Lvivc
DcGhvMx| mvnPhÆ|
‰fvGeB dj eÅemvqx gyÚvi wewf®² ÞwZKviK ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ DcwiDÚ mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK KviYàGjv ˆ`GL ejv hvq,
eÅenvi KGi KuvPv djgƒj `xNÆw`b msiÞY KGib| dinvG`i gv`KvmÚ nIqvGZ AGbKUv f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 7

N dinv`GK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi f„wgKv UwÝb Õ²vqyZ¯¨GK AvKÌgY KGi g†ZzÅ chƯ¦ NUvGZ cvGi| DóxcK nGZ
eÅvcK| ˆ`Lv hvq, myjZvb mvGne cÉvqB ˆnvGUGji Lvevi LvB| ˆnvGUGji
Zvi evev-gv ZvGK gv`K wbivgq ˆK±`Ê ev nvmcvZvGj fwZÆ KivGeb Lvevi ivLvi RvqMv mvaviYZ mÅvZGmuGZ nq| ZvB ˆmLvGb
‰es Lye mnvbyf„wZi mvG^ Zvi wPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v ˆbGeb| eÅvKGUwiqvi AvKÌgGY welvÚ c`v^Æ UwÝb Drc®² nq| ‰ Lvevi
Zviv cÉ^Gg dinv`GK Zvi WÈvM ˆbIqv e®¬yG`i ˆ^GK Avjv`v KiGeb| LvIqvi KviGYB myjZvb mvGne AmyÕ© nGq coGjb|
jÞ ivLGeb ˆh, ˆKvGbvKÌGg ˆhb dinvG`i KvGQ gv`K`ËeÅ ˆcuŒQvGZ bv N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Lv`Å msiÞY c«¬wZ A^Ævr digvwjGbi
cvGi| Zviv dinvG`i gvbwmK wPwKrmv KivGeb hvGZ ˆm WÈvGMi K^v eÅenvi ˆgvGUI mwVK bq| eZÆgvGb `ya, dj, gvQ ‰gbwK gvsmGK
gGb bv AvbGZ cvGi| ‰RbÅ weGkl ˆKvGbv KvGR ZvGK hyÚ KiGeb| cPb ˆ^GK iÞv Kivi RbÅ digvwjb bvgK welvÚ ‰K ivmvqwbK
ˆm ˆh gv`K`ËGeÅ AvmÚ nq, ˆmwU ‰GKevGi e®¬ bv KGi gvòv KwgGq c`v^Æ hG^œQ eÅenvi Kiv nGœQ| ‰wU Lv`Å`ËeÅ msiÞGYi RbÅ
KwgGq wKQyw`b ZvGK gv`K`ËeÅwU w`Gq ˆkGl ‰GKevGi Zv ˆ`qv e®¬ eÅenvi wbwl«¬| wK¯§ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk wKQy Amvay I weGeKewRÆZ
KiGeb| ‰GZ nVvr KGi WÈvM e®¬ Kivi Lvivc cÉfveUv KGg hvq| eÅemvqx digvwjbGK Lv`Å msiÞGY eÅenvi KiGQ| ‰wUi
dinvG`i Nyg wVKgGZv bv nGj ev Zvi ˆfZGi ˆewk AwÕ©iZv ev `xNÆGgqvw` eÅenvGi gvbeG`n bvbv RwUj ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGZ cvGi|
weG`Ëvnxfve ˆ`Lv w`Gj Zviv ZvGK Õ²vqy wkw^jKviK Jla I NyGgi Jla ˆhgb e`nRg, cvZjv cvqLvbv, ˆcGUi cxov, k¼vmKÓ¡, nuvcvwb,
ˆ`Geb| wjfvi I wKWwb bÓ¡ nIqvmn KÅv´ÖvGii gGZv giYeÅvwaI nGZ
mGeÆvcwi dinvG`i evev-gv Zvi mvG^ e®¬ymyjf I mnvbyf„wZkxj cvGi| digvwjGbi `xNÆGgqvw` eÅenvGi ˆgGqG`i MfÆRvZ m¯¦vb
AvPiGYi gvaÅGg cybeÆvmb KGi mgvGRi Õ¼vfvweK ˆmÉvGZ ‰Gb ZvGK weKjvãI nGZ cvGi|
Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq AvbGeb| myZivs, DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Lv`Å msiÞY c«¬wZwU mwVK bq|
cÉk
² 13 PvKzwiRxex myjZvb mvGneGK cÉvqB ˆnvGUGj ˆLGZ nq| cÉk
 ² 14 iwbi B`vwbs LvIqvi cÉwZ AvKlÆY KGg ˆMGQ| me mgq
wZwb AmyÕ© nGq covq ZvGK WvÚvGii KvGQ wbGq hvIqv nGjv| AGMvQvGjvfvGe ^vGK| KgÆwegyLZv I nZvkv jÞÅ Kiv hvq| Mfxi
WvÚvi ejGjb, Zvi food poisoning nGqGQ| wZwb AviI ejGjb, ivZ chƯ¦ e®¬yG`i mvG^ Avìv w`Gq AÕ¼vfvweKfvGe evmvq wdGi|
Aaybv Lv`Å msiÞGY digvwjGbi eÅenvGi ‰ aiGbi AmyÕ©Zv nGZ ˆm cÉvq Zvi gvGqi KvGQ UvKvi RbÅ evqbv aGi ‰es evevi cGKU
cvGi| wkLbdj-8 [P. ˆev. 2015] ˆ^GK UvKv nvwZGq ˆbq| wkLbdj-9 [wm.ˆev.2015]
K. AcwinvhÆ AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmGWi msLÅv KqwU? 1 K. WHO Kx? 1
L. WÈvM AvmwÚ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 L. RvâdzW ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. myjZvb mvGnGei AmyÕ©Zvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. Kx Kx cwiGekMZ KviGY iwbi ‰ cwiYwZ nGZ cvGi
N. Lv`Å msiÞGY DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZwU mwVK wKbv hywÚ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4 N. iwbGK mwVK cG^ wdwiGq AvbGZ Zvi evev gvi Kx Kx
13 bs cÉGk²i Dîi c`GÞc MÉnY Kiv `iKvi? ˆZvgvi gZvgZmn weGkÏlY
K AcwinvhÆ AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmGWi msLÅv 8wU|
 KGiv| 4
L KÌgvMZ gv`K`ËeÅ ˆmeGbi KviGY hLb ‰gb AeÕ©v m†wÓ¡ nq ˆh 14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
gv`K`ËGeÅi mvG^ gvbyGli Š`wnK I gvbwmK mÁ·KÆ MGo DGV ‰es K WHO nGjv World Health Organization ev wek¼ Õ¼vÕ©Å msÕ©v|
gvbyl evaÅZvgƒjKfvGe gv`K ˆmeb Qvov I bvbv mgmÅvq cGo ZLb L Rvâ dzW ev dvÕ¡dzW nGœQ ‰gb ‰K aiGbi Lvevi, hv ‰i
‰ AeÕ©vB nGjv WÈvM AvmwÚ| WÈvGMi Dci ˆKvGbv eÅwÚi AvmwÚ Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq eis ‰i gyLGivPK Õ¼vG`i RbÅ Drcv`b Kiv
bvbvfvGe RvMGZ cvGi| ˆhgb ˆKŒZznj, mãG`vl, nZvkv `ƒi Kivi nq| ‰Uv LvIqv Lye gRvi ‰es ‰UvGK Lye AvGe`bgq gGb nGZ
RbÅ, gvbwmK h¯¨Yv jvNe Kivi RbÅ, cvwievwiK Akvw¯¦ BZÅvw`| cvGi, wK¯§ ‰Uv kixGii RbÅ fvGjv bq| ‰GZ cÉvqB AwZwiÚ
M myjZvb mvGne Food Poisoning-‰ Avò×v¯¦| mvaviYZ cuPv Lv`Å ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ ^vGK, hv ‰GK myÕ¼v`y KGi ˆZvGj, wK¯§ ‰àGjv
MÉnY KiGjB gvbyGli ‰ AeÕ©v ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| cÉvK‡wZK KviGY me AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi| ‰GZ mvaviYZ cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK|
aiGbi Lv`Å bÓ¡ ev LvIqvi AbycGhvMx nGq cGo| Lv`Å bÓ¡ nIqvi M DóxcGK ewYÆZ jÞYàGjv chÆGeÞY KiGj ˆevSv hvq, iwb
KviYàGjv nGœQ- RxevYy I QòvK «¼viv AvKÌv¯¦ nIqv ‰es cwiGeGki gv`KvmÚ| ˆhme cwiGekMZ KviGY iwbi ‰ cwiYwZ nGZ cvGi
KviGY ˆmàGjvi `Ë‚Z e†w«¬, LvG`Åi gGaÅ DrGmPGKi e†w«¬, cwiGeGk ˆmàGjv wbGP eÅvLÅv KGiv nGjv-
Av`ËÆZv, Zvc I AGÁÏi cwigvY e†w«¬| ‰B KviYàGjv ‰KKfvGe iwbi ‰jvKvq nqGZv gv`K`ËGeÅ mnRjfÅ| ˆm ˆeKviZ½ mgmÅvqI
Lv`ÅGK bÓ¡ KGi bv| KGqKwU KviY ‰KGò msNwUZ nGq Lv`Å bÓ¡ fzMGQ| ‰Qvov Zvi PvicvGki AmvgvwRK cwiGek weivR KiGQ; ˆm
KGi| ˆhgb cwiGeGk Av`ËÆZv e†w«¬ ˆcGj RxevYyi e†w«¬ NGU| wmGbgv A^ev ˆKvGbv wUwf wmwiqvGj gv`K wbGZ ˆ`LGQ| iwbi
Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ ˆcGj Lv`ÅeÕ§i DrGmPGKi cwigvGYi e†w«¬ NGU AvkcvGk WÈvGMi igigv eÅemv ^vKGZ cvGi ev ˆmLvGb AmvgvwRK
Lv`ÅGK bÓ¡ KGi| KvR I Aciva ˆewk nq ‰gb Õ©vGb ˆm evm KGi| ˆhLvGb WÈvM
eÅvKGUwiqv Lv`Å bÓ¡ KGi ‰K aiGbi welvÚ Dcv`vb Drc®² KGi| ˆbIqvi myGhvM ev `j ˆewk ^vGK|
‰B welvÚ Dcv`vbàGjvGK UwÝb eGj| ‰B UwÝbàGjv wewf®² AvGjvPbvK‡Z meàGjv KviYB AvGkcvGki cwiGeGki cÉfvGe NUGQ|
iKGgi nq| LvG`Åi ‰ AeÕ©vGK Avgiv food poisoning ewj| wKQy iwb ev Zvi gGZv eqGmi ˆQGjiv ZvB mnGRB gv`KvmÚ nGq coGQ|
8 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

N iwbGK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdGi AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi f„wgKvB cÉavb| gvQ/gvsm/wWg 58
Zvi evev-gv ZvGK gv`K wbivgq ˆK±`Ê ev nvmcvZvGj fwZÆ KivGeb `ya 30 wg.wj.
‰es Lye mnvbyf„wZi mvG^ Zvi wPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v ˆbGeb| wPwb/ào 58
Zviv cÉ^Gg iwbGK Zvi WÈvM ˆbIqv e®¬zG`i ˆ^GK Avjv`v KiGeb| jÞ dj 1Uv
ivLGeb ˆh, ˆKvGbvKÌGg ˆhb iwbi KvGQ gv`K`ËeÅ ˆcuŒQvGZ bv cvGi| N AvwKGei myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ mwVK Lv`Å Dcv`vb evQvB Kiv Ri‚ix|
Zviv iwbi gvbwmK wPwKrmv KivGeb hvGZ ˆm WÈvGMi K^v gGb bv A^Ævr ZvGK mylg Lv`Å ˆLGZ nGe|
AvbGZ cvGi| ‰RbÅ weGkl ˆKvGbv KvGR ZvGK hyÚ KiGeb| iwbi mylg Lv`Å ejGZ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Lv`ÅeÕ§GK ˆevSvq bv| ‰B Lv`Å
mvG^ Õ¼vfvweK eÅenvi Kivi cvkvcvwk Zvi evev-gv gv`K wbivgq gƒjZ wewf®² Lv`ÅeÕ§i ‰gb mgvnvi, hvi gGaÅ Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi
ˆKG±`ÊiI mvnvhÅ wbGeb| ˆmLvGb iwbGK fwZÆ KiGj, wPwKrmK AvGÕ¦ meàGjvB cwigvYgGZv ^vGK ‰es hv ˆ^GK Õ¼vfvweK KvR-KGgÆi
AvGÕ¦ gv`GKi eÅenvi KwgGq ˆkGl ‰GKevGi ˆ`qv e®¬ KiGeb| hvGZ RbÅ DchyÚ cwigvY KÅvjwi cvIqv hvq| ˆhgb ‰KRb cƒYÆ eqÕ•
nVvr WÈvM e®¬ Kivi Lvivc cÉfveUv KGg hvq| iwbi Nyg wVKgGZv bv
myÕ© KgÆkxj cyi‚Gli cÉZÅn cÉvq 2500  3000 wKGjvKÅvjwi
nGj ev Zvi ˆfZGi ˆewk AwÕ©iZv ev weG`Ëvnxfve ˆ`Lv w`Gj wPwKrmK
kwÚi cÉGqvRb| ‰ kwÚ ev KÅvjwi Avgiv Lv`Å ˆ^GK cvB| mylg
ZvGK Õ²vqy wkw^jKviK Jla I NyGgi Jla ˆ`Geb|
Lv`Å MÉnY bv KiGj AmyL-wemyLmn kixGi wewf®² mgmÅv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|
mGeÆvcwi iwbi evev-gv Zvi mvG^ e®¬ymyjf I mnvbyfzwZkxj
ˆhgb- kKÆivi AfvGe wKGUvwmm, AvwgGli AfvGe ˆKvqvwkqiKi,
AvPiGYi gvaÅGg cybeÆvmb KGi mgvGRi Õ¼vfvweK ˆmÉvGZ ‰Gb ZvGK
ˆewiGewi, Õ•vwfÆ BZÅvw` ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| h^vh^ LwbR jeGYi
Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq AvbGeb|
AfvGe wecvGK mgmÅv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| hG^Ó¡ cvwb cvb bv KiGjI
cÉk
 ² 15 AvwKe `kg ˆkÉwYGZ cGo| Zvi eqm 16 eQi| ˆm Abyi…c mgmÅv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|
wVKgZ ˆLGZ Pvq bv| cov÷bvq Abxnv I KvRKGgÆ kvixwiKfvGe ˆmRbÅ AvwKGei Š`bw±`b Lv`Å ZvwjKvq ‰gb aiGbi Lv`Å ^vKv
`yeÆj| evev WvÚvGii kiYvc®² nGj, Š`wbK mylg Lv`Å ZvwjKv `iKvi, hvGZ ˆm LvG`Åi gGaÅ QqwU Dcv`vbB mwVK cwigvGY ^vGK|
ˆ`wLGq Lv`Å MÉnGYi civgkÆ ˆ`b| wkLbdj-1 [h. ˆev. 2015] DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ Bnv Õ·Ó¡Z ˆh, AvwKGei
K. Lv`Å Kx? 1 myÕv¼ GÕ©Åi RbÅ LvG`Åi Dcv`vb evQvB ài‚Zc
½ ƒYÆ|
L. RvâdzW ÞwZKi ˆKb? 2 cÉk
 ² 16 cqwòk eQi eqmx ˆgvkviid mvGnGei IRb 85 ˆKwR
M. WvÚvGii civgGkÆi AvGjvGK AvwKGei Lv`Å ZvwjKv ŠZwi ‰es DœPZv 1.6 wgUvi| B`vwbs wZwb ˆ`Gni Õ©„jZvRwbZ KviGY
KGiv| 3 AÕ¼wÕ¦Geva Kivq WvÚvGii kiYvc®² nGjb| WvÚvi mvGne ZvGK
N. AvwKGei myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ LvG`Åi Dcv`vb evQvB ài‚Z½cƒY Æ Lvevi wbq¯¨GYi cvkvcvwk kvixwiK cwikÉg Kivi K^v ejGjb|
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 wkLbdj-7 [e. ˆev. 2015]
15 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K. ivGdR Kx? 1
K Lv`Å nGjv ˆmB me AvnvhÆÅ eÕ§, hv cywÓ¡i «¼viv RxeG`Gni e†w«¬,
 L. mylg Lvevi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
kwÚ Drcv`b, ˆivM cÉwZGiva Z^v cywÓ¡, e†w«¬ I ÞqcƒiY KGi| M. ˆgvkviid mvGnGei we‰gAvB wbYÆq KGiv| 3
L RvâdzGW mvaviYZ cÉPzi cwigvGY cÉvwYR PweÆ I wPwb ^vGK| N. ˆgvkviid mvGnGei cÉwZ WvÚvGii civgkÆ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
Avgiv hLb AwaK cwigvGY RxâdzW LvB, ZLb AvgvG`i ˆ`n 16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
‰àGjvGK PweÆKjvq i…cv¯¦wiZ KGi| dGj ˆ`n Õ©„jKvq nGq cGo| K kmÅexR, Wvj, Avjy, ˆLvmv mGgZ UvUKv dj ‰es kvKmewR

‰Qvov ‰GZ we`Ågvb AwaK cwigvGY wPwb AvgvG`i `uvZ I Z½KGK BZÅvw`i `xNÆ Z¯§gq AskB ivGdR|
bÓ¡ KGi w`GZ cvGi| ‰QvovI ‰me LvG`Å AvgvG`i RbÅ wfUvwgb I L ˆh LvG`Å QqwU Dcv`vbB àYvàY AbymvGi DchyÚ cwigvGY ^vGK
LwbR c`vG^Æi Afve iGqGQ| ZvB RvâdzW cÉGqvRbxq kixGii RbÅ ‰es ˆh Lv`Å MÉnY KiGj ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK KvR-KGgÆi RbÅ DchyÚ
ÞwZKi| cwigvY KÅvjwi cvIqv hvq, ZvB mylg Lv`Å| ˆ`Gni RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq
M DóxcK nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq, AvwKGei eqm 16 eQi ‰es B`vwbs
 Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi meàGjvB cwigvY gGZv ^vGK eGj ‰ Lv`Å ˆ`Gni
Zvi kvixwiK `yeÆjZvi KviGY covGjLvq Abxnv ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| ZvB KÅvjwi Pvwn`v cƒiY KGi, Kjv ˆKvGli e†w«¬ I MVb eRvq ivGL
WvÚvi AvwKGei kixGi mwVK e†w«¬ I myÕ© ^vKvi RbÅ mylg Lv`Å ‰es ˆ`Gni kvixie†îxq KvhÆvewj myÓ¡fvGe wbq¯¨Y KGi| mGeÆvcwi
MÉnGYi civgkÆ ˆ`q| WvÚvGii civgGkÆi AvGjvGK AvwKGei Lv`Å kixi myÕ© mej ivLGZ mylg Lv`Å ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ivGL|
ZvwjKv wbGP ˆ`Iqv nGjv M ˆgvkviid mvGnGei IRb 85 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.6 wgUvi|

Lv`Å cwigvY (MÉvg) IRb
Zuvi we‰gAvB = DœPZv2
fvZ ev i‚wU 438
Wvj 50 85
= = 33.203 (cÉvq)
cvZveüj mewR 88 1.6  1.6
Avjy 116 N gvbyGli myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ we‰gAvB-i Av`kÆ gvb nGjv 18.5
AbÅvbÅ mewR 88 24.9, ˆhLvGb ˆgvkviid mvGnGei we‰gAvB 33.203| myZivs,
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 9

ˆgvkviid mvGnGei we‰gAvB Õ¼vfvweGKi Zzjbvq AZů¦ ˆewk| N DóxcGKi Lv`ÅàGjv nGjv wWg, `ya I KwjRv| ‰ Lv`ÅàGjv
wZwb Õ©„jZvq AvKÌv¯¦| ‰GZ Zvi WvqvGewUm ‰es DœP iÚPvcmn Avwgl, ˆÕ²n I wfUvwgb Lv`Å Dcv`vGb cvIqv hvq| wfUvwgb cÉvYxi
n†`hG¯¨i wewf®² AmyGL AvKÌv¯¦ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv iGqGQ| WvqvGewUm Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ I kixi myÕ© ivLvi RbÅ AcwinvhÆ| ‰wU wecvK
nGj wKWwb ‰es ˆPvL bÓ¡ nGq hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv ^vGK| DœP iÚPvGc wKÌqvi DrGmPGKi mvG^ ˆKv-‰bRvBg wnGmGe KvR KGi| ‰i
nvUÆ AÅvUvK I gwÕ¦GÓ• iÚÞiGYi mÁ¿vebv ^vGK| ‰Qvov Õ©„jZvq AfvGe ˆ`Gni ÞqcƒiY e†w«¬mvabmn wewf®² KvGR eÅvnZ nq|
AvKÌv¯¦ nGj PjvGdivq eüwea mgmÅv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es `yNUÆ bvq ˆ`Gni AwÕ©, ˆcwk, wewf®² AãZ¯¨, iÚKwYKv cÉf‡wZ AwaKvskB
AvKÌv¯¦ nIqvi SzuwK ˆeGo hvq| ZvB Õ©„jZv h^vmÁ¿e cwinvi KiGZ Avwgl «¼viv ŠZwi| kwÚ Drcv`b I iÚ cwienGb Avwgl cÉavb
nGe| ‰ DGóGkÅ Lvevi wbq¯¨GYi cvkvcvwk kvixwiK cwikÉg KiGZ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| ˆ`Gni Afů¦iÕ© RviK immgƒn Avwgl «¼viv
nGe| myZivs ˆgvkviid mvGnGei cÉwZ WvÚvGii civgkÆ mwVK wQj| ŠZwi| ˆKvlxq wecvK wKÌqv mnvqZvq AvwgGli cÉGqvRb nq| ˆ`n
ˆ^GK Zvc AcPq ˆiva KGi ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ KvGR jvGM| PgÆGivM
cÉk
 ² 17 w`bgRyi Avjg w`b AvGb w`b Lvq| B`vbxs Zvi Õ¨x iÚ cÉwZGivGa LvG`Åi ‰ Dcv`vbwU f„wgKv cvjb KGi| wfUvwgb ‰, wW,
kƒbÅZvq ‰es ˆQGj ivZKvbv ˆivGM fzMGQ| Wvt DfqGK wWg, `ya, B I ˆK ‰ PviwU Dcv`vb `Ëexf„Z KGi ˆ`Gni MÉnY DcGhvMx
KwjRv ˆewk KGi ˆLGZ eGjb| wK¯§ AvjGgi cGÞ ˆmàGjv ˆKbv Dcv`vGb cwiYZ KiGZ ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ mvnvhÅ KGi|
mÁ¿e nGœQ bv| wkLbdj-1 myZivs wWg, `ya I KwjRvGZ we`Ågvb wfUvwgb, Avwgl I ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ
K. cwiGcvlK Kx? 1 ˆ`Gn ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
L. Lv`ÅcÉvY ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 cÉk
 ² 18 UzÁ·v ivZ ˆRGM cov÷bv KGi| kvKmewR ‰GKevGiB
M. AvjGgi Avq Abyhvqx Zvi cwievGii m`mÅG`i ˆKvb ˆLGZ Pvqbv| B`vwbs ˆm ivGZ Kg ˆ`GL| wkLbdj-4
aiGbi Lv`Å w`Gj mevB myÕ© ^vKGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 K. AvwgGli ˆgŒwjK Dcv`vb Kx? 1
N. DóxcGKi Lv`Å Dcv`vbàGjvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 L. wfUvwgb wm-‰i KvR wjL| 2
17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi M. UzÁ·vi Kx ˆivM nGqGQ ‰es ˆKb? 3
K LvG`Åi ˆhme ŠRe ev A‹Re Dcv`vb RxGei RxebxkwÚi ˆhvMvb N. Õ¼vÕ©Å iÞvq kvKmewRi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg@ hywÚmn
ˆ`q ˆmàGjvB cwiGcvlK| DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4
18 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L RxGei Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ I cywÓ¡i RbÅ kKÆiv I Avwgl QvovI weGkl

ˆh Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi cÉGqvRb nq ZvB Lv`ÅcÉvY| ‰wU mvaviYZ LvG`Å K AvwgGli ˆgŒwjK Dcv`vb nGjv KveÆb,nvBGWÈvGRb, AwÝGRb I
AwZ mvgvbÅ cwigvGY ^vGK| wecvK wKÌqvq DrGmPGKi mvG^ ˆKv- bvBGUÇvGRb|
‰bRvBg wnGmGe Lv`ÅcÉvY KvR KGi| ‰wU cÉvYxi e†w«¬ I kixi myÕ© L wfUvwgb ‘wm’ ‰i KvR@
ivLvi RbÅ AcwinvhÆ| ‰B Dcv`vbwU ŠRe cÉK‡wZi ˆhŒwMK c`v^Æ| i. Z½K, nvo, `uvZ BZÅvw`i ˆKvl mgƒnGK ciÕ·Gii mvG^ ˆRvov

‰i AfvGe ˆ`Gni ÞqcƒiY I e†w«¬ mvabmn wewf®² KvR eÅvnZ nq| jvwMGq gReyZ Mv^ywb cÉ`vb KGi|
ii. kixGii ÞZ cybMVÆGbi KvGR cÉGqvRb nq|
M w`bgRyi Avjg Zvi Avq Abyhvqx cwievGii m`mÅG`i RbÅ DœP
iii. `uvZ I gvwo kÚ ivGL|
gƒGjÅi Lv`Å KÌq KiGZ cvGib bv| ZvB Zvi cwievGii mKj iv. Z½K gm†Y I Däj ivGL|
m`GmÅi cywÓ¡i Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mylg Lv`Å w`GZ cviGj mevB myÕ©
M ˆhGnZz UzÁ·v kvK-mewR ‰K`gB Lvq bv ‰es B`vwbs cÉvqB
^vKGZ cvGi|
ivGZ ˆPvGL Kg ˆ`GL| myZivs UzÁ·vi kixGi wfUvwgb 'A' ‰i Afve
mylg Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi meàGjvB cwigvYgGZv ^vGK ‰es hv ˆ^GK
nIqvq ivZKvbv ˆivM nGqGQ| Dw«¿ä DrGmi gGaÅ KÅvGivwUb mg†«¬
Õ¼vfvweK KvRKGgÆi RbÅ DchyÚ cwigvY KÅvjwi cvIqv hvq| ˆhgb- kvK-mewR ˆhgb jvjkvK, KPzkvK, cuyBkvK, KjwgkvK, WvUv kvK,
‰KRb cƒYÆeqÓ• myÕ© KgÆkxj cyi‚Gli cÉZÅn cÉvq 2500-3000 cyw`bv cvZv, MvRi, wgwÓ¡ Kzgov, ˆXuom, evav Kwc, gUi÷wUGZ cÉPzi
wKGjvKÅvjwi kwÚi cÉGqvRb| ‰ kwÚ ev KÅvjwi Avgiv Lv`Å ˆ^GK wfUvwgb A cvIqv hvq|
cvB| ˆmRbÅ AvgvG`i Š`bw±`b Lv`ÅZvwjKvq ‰gb aiGbi Lv`Å ^vKv myZivs UzÁ·v wfUvwgb A mg†«¬ Lvevi bv LvIqvq Zvi ivZKvbv
`iKvi, hvGZ ˆm LvG`Åi gGaÅ QqwU Dcv`vbB mwVK cwigvGY ^vGK| ˆivGMi m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ|
mylg Lv`Å cÉK‡wZGZ cvIqv hvq bv| ‰ Lv`Å ŠZwi KGi wbGZ nq| N wewf®² cÉKvi ŠeævwbK MGelYvq Rvbv ˆMGQ, hviv wbqggZ
mylg Lv`ÅZvwjKv ŠZwii mgq gvbyGli eqm, wjãGf`, Kx iKg AwaK cwigvGY kvKmewR RvZxq Lv`Å ˆLGq ^vGK ZvG`i
KvR KGi A^Ævr AwaK cwikÉgx, gvSvwi cwikÉg, ռ͸ cwikÉgx BZÅvw` ˆKvÓ¤KvwVbÅ, n†`GivM, WvqvGewUm I Lv`ÅbvwjGZ KÅv´Övi nIqvi
weGePbv Kiv `iKvi| ‰ welqàGjv I AvjGgi Avq weGePbvq ˆiGL mÁ¿vebv Kg| ‰Qvov wbqwgZ chÆvµ¦ cwigvGY kvKmewR MÉnYB cvGi
ˆm wWg I KwjRv BZÅvw`i cwieGZÆ Wvj, wkGgi wewP, gUi÷wU, ˆivM evjvBGqi wewf®² aiGbi SuywK ˆ^GK gvbylGK gyÚ ivLGZ|
ev`vg BZÅvw` Kg `vgx LvG`Åi mg®¼Gq mylg Lv`Å wbwøZ KiGZ kvKmewRGZ wewf®² wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY ^vGK| ‰me wfUvwgb I
cvGi| myZivs AvjGgi Avw^ÆK mãwZi mvG^ mvgémÅ ˆiGL LvG`Åi LwbR jeY ˆ`Gni ˆivM cÉwZGiva KGi| ˆhgb@ wfUvwgb A
ivZKvbv ˆivM, wfUvwgb B LvIqvq Ai‚wP, gyL I wRGf Nv, ˆPvL
me Dcv`vb we`Ågvb ^vGK ‰gb Lv`Å A^Ævr mylg Lv`Å MÉnGY Zvi w`Gq cvwb cov, ˆcGjMÉv ˆivM I iÚkƒbÅZv, wfUvwgb C Õ•vwfÆ ˆivM
cwievi myÕ©, mej I ˆivMgyÚ ^vKGZ cviGe|
10 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

‰es wfUvwgb E e®¬ÅvZ½ cÉwZGiva KGi| Aciw`GK ˆjŒn RvZxq  cÉk² 20 kvgxg I kvÁÃx beg ˆkÉwYi Qvò-Qvòx| kvgxg cÉwZw`b
LwbR jeY iÚkƒbÅZv, gv^v ˆNviv, eyK aodo Kiv, KÅvjwmqvg dzUej, ˆUwbm, KvevwW ˆLGj| Avi kvÁÃx `wo jvdvq, ˆ`Œovq I `Ë‚Z
RvZxq LwbR jeY wiGKUm I AwÕ¡IgÅvGjwmqv ˆivM ‰es dmdivm ˆeGM nuvGU| wkLbdj-11
RvZxq LwbR jeY wiGKUm, AwÕ©ÞqZv I `¯¦Þq cÉwZGiva KGi| K. mylg Lv`Å Kx? 1
ZvB ejv hvq, Õ¼vÕ©Å iÞvq kvK-mewRi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| L. gvbeG`Gn ˆÕ²n c`vG^Æi `ywU KvR wjL| 2
cÉk
² 19 M. DóxcGKi `y’RGbi `y’iKg ˆLjvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
bvg Avw`e kvwdb my`xc N. DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ KvRàGjv ZvG`i kixi I gb MVGb Kx
eqm (eQi) 35 15 40 aiGbi f„wgKv ivGL? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
IRb (ˆKwR) 78 45 80 20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
DœPZv (wgUvi) 1.9 1.5 1.8 K ˆh Lv`ÅeÕ¦y ˆ`Gni KÅvjwi Pvwn`v cƒiY KGi, Kjv-ˆKvGli e†w«¬
Lv`Åvfvm mylg PweÆ RvZxq PweÆ RvZxq Lv`Å I MVb eRvq ivGL ‰es ˆ`Gni kvixie†îxq KvhÆvewjGK myÓ¤zfvGe
Lv`Å Lv`Å Kg AwaK MÉnY KGi wbq¯¨Y KiGZ cvGi ZvB mylg Lv`Å|
MÉnY KGi MÉnY KGi
L gvbeG`Gn ˆÕ²n c`vG^Æi `ywU KvR nGjv:
wkLbdj-7
i. ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ ˆ`n ˆ^GK ZvGci AcPq ˆiva KGi ‰es fwelÅGZi
K. wfUvwgb ‘B’ ‰i Dîg Drm Kx? 1
RbÅ Lv`Å fv´£vi wnGmGe KvR KGi|
L. mylg Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. Avw`Gei BMI wbYÆq KGiv| 3 ii. Z½GKi gm†YZv I mRxeZv eRvq ivGL ‰es PgÆGivM cÉwZGiva
N. myÕv¼ GÕ©Åi RbÅ kvwdb I my`xGci Lv`ÅvfÅvm cwieZÆb KGi|
KiGZ nGe-weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 M DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ `yBRb nGjv kvgxg I kvÁÃx| A^Ævr ‰KRb
19 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ˆQGj I AbÅRb ˆgGq| ZvB Zviv `yB iKg ˆLGj| wbGÁ² ‰i KviY
K wfUvwgb ‘B’ ‰i Dîg Drm nGjv hK‡Z, wWg, meyR, kvK-mewR eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv:
BZÅvw`| eqm, Š`wnK MVb, mvaviY Õ¼vÕ©Å cÉf‡wZ w`K weGePbv KGi
L mylg Lv`Å ejGZ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Lv`ÅeÕ§GK bv eywSGq wewf®² eÅvqvGgi AfÅvm Kiv DwPZ| ˆQGjG`i ˆh aiGbi eÅvqvGgi cÉGqvRb
Lv`Å eÕ§i mgvnviGK ˆevSvq| ˆh LvG`Å QqwU Lv`Å Dcv`vbB nq, ˆgGqG`i Zv nq bv| Avevi ‰gb KZàGjv eÅvqvg AvGQ ˆQGj I
àYvàY AbymvGi DchyÚ cwigvGY ^vGK ‰es ˆh Lv`Å MÉnY KiGj ˆgGq DfGqB KiGZ cvGi| ˆhgb: ˆ`ŒoSuvc, muvZviKvUv, nuvUv, jvd
ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK KvR-KGgÆi RbÅ DchyÚ cwigvY KÅvjwi cvIqv hvq ˆ`Iqv, `uwo ˆLjv, KvevwW, wewf®² cÉKvi Avmb BZÅvw`| ˆQGjiv
ZvB mylg Lv`Å| mvaviYZ KzwÕ¦, WvGÁ¼j, eviGej, dzUej, ˆUwbm, nwK, ˆMvÍÏvQyU,
M Avgiv Rvwb, Lvwj nvGZ eÅvqvg BZÅvw` ˆewk KGi ^vGK| hw`I AvRKvj ˆgGqiv
†`‡ni IRb (†KwR) ‰ aiGbi eÅvqvGg AvMÉnx nGœQ|
BMI =
[†`‡ni D”PZv (wgUvi)]2 bvixG`Gni weGkl MVGbi RbÅB bvixi cGÞ KLGbv KwVb kÉghyÚ
Avw`Gei IRb = 78 ˆKwR I DœPZv 1.9 wgUvi eÅvqvg Kiv DwPZ bq| ˆgGqG`i eÅvqvg KiGZ nGj `uwo jvdvGbv
78 78 78 (Skipping), ˆ`ŒovGbv, `Ë‚ZGeGM nuvUv cÉf‡wZ AfÅvm KGi iÚ mçvjb
AZ‰e, Avw`Gei BMI = = =
(1.9)2 1.9  1.9 3.61 evwoGq ˆ`Gni AwZwiÚ ˆg` KgvGbv I ˆ`nGK hG^Ó¡ nvjKv KiGZ
= 21.61 (cÉvq) cvGi| ‰Qvov ˆhvM Avmb, Lvwj nvGZ eÅvqvg, eËZPvix I bvGPi gvaÅGg
N wk÷ R¯Ã MÉnGYi ci Zvi ˆ`Gni e†w«¬ NUGZ ^vGK ‰es cieZÆx Aã Pvjbv Kiv hvq| cwiwgZ eÅvqvg ˆhgb Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ DcKvix,
Škke, ŠKGkvi ˆcwiGq ˆhŒeb I cÉvµ¦eqGÕ• DcbxZ nq| cÉvµ¦ eqGm ˆZgwb cÉGqvRGbi Kg ev AwZwiÚ eÅvqvg Õ¼vGÕ©Åi cGÞ ÞwZKi|
myÕv¼ GÕ©Åi RbÅ cÉGqvRb ˆ`Gni DœPZvi mvG^ ˆ`Gni IRGbi ‰KUv  N DóxcGK kvgxg I kvÁÃx ˆLjvayjvmn wewf®² kvixwiK eÅvqvg KGi|
mvgémÅ| we‰gAvB mƒPK «¼viv ˆ`Gni DœPZvi mvG^ IRGbi ‰B Avgiv mKGjB Rvwb, Õ²vqyZ¯¨ kixGii gvsmGcwk wbq¯¨Y KGi| ZvB
mvgémÅGK cÉKvk Kiv nq| DœPZvi mvG^ hw` ˆ`Gni IRGbi
Zviv hw` wbqwgZ ˆLjvayjv I gvsmGcwki eÅvqvg KGi, ZvnGj mnGRB
mvgémÅ ^vGK, ZGeB cywÓ¡MZ w`K ˆ^GK kixiGK myÕ© ejv nq|
Zv Õ²vqyZ¯¨GK mGZR I mwKÌq KGi ˆZvGj| ‰i dGj ZvG`i Õ²vqyZG¯¨i
QGK ˆ`Lv hvq, my`xGci Zzjbvq kvwdGbi eqm AGbK Kg| 15 eQi
weKvk NUGe| ÷ay ZvB bq, wbqwgZ kixiPPÆvi gaÅ w`Gq hw` kixGii
eqmx kvwdGbi ˆ`Gni AviI e†w«¬ NUGe| dGj Zvi Õ¼vÕ©Å wVK
ivLGZ ‰es we‰gAvB ‰i gvb Av`kÆ gvòvq ivLGZ ZvGK AbÅvbÅ wewf®² ˆ`nZ¯¨ ev ŠRe Z¯¨àGjvGK mwKÌq KGi ˆZvjv hvq, ZvnGj
LvevGii mvG^ chÆvµ¦ PweÆ RvZxq Lv`ÅI MÉnY KiGZ nGe| AbÅw`GK ZviI chÆvµ¦ weKvk NUGe| dGj ZvG`i Š`wbK KvRKgÆ mÁ·v`b
my`xGci 40 eQi cvi nGq hvIqvq Zvi ˆ`Gni Avi ˆZgb ˆKvGbv Kivi ÞgZv AGbKvsGk ˆeGo hvGe| Š`wbK wbqwgZ KGqK wgwbU
e†w«¬ NUGe bv, dGj AwaK PweÆRvZxq Lv`Å MÉnY Zvi ˆ`Gni mwçZ kixiPPÆvi gaÅw`GqB Zviv kixGii cwicvK Kivi ÞgZv evovGZ
PweÆi cwigvYGK evwoGq w`Ge ‰es ˆm AwaK Õ©„j nGq hvGe hv Zvi cviGe, iÚ PjvPGji ÞgZv fvGjv KiGZ cviGe, ZvG`i cvPb ÞgZv
kixGii myÕ©Zvi RbÅ ügwK nGq `uvovGe| fvGjv nGe, k¼vm-cÉk¼vm fvGjv nGe, kixGii Zvc wbq¯¨Y AviI myÓ¤z
KvGRB kvwdb I my`xc DfqGK ZvG`i eZÆgvb Lv`ÅfÅvm cwieZÆb nGe| ˆgvUK^v, ‰KUv myÕ© kixGii AwaKvi nGZ cviGe|
KiGZ nGe| A^Ævr kvwdbGK PweÆ RvZxq Lvevi evovGZ nGe ‰es gGb ivLGZ nGe, gvsmGcwki mwKÌqZv ‰me eÅvcvGi ‰KwU weGkl
my`xcGK KgvGZ nGe| ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv MÉnY KGi|
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 11

cÉk²eÅvsK
 Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² L Body Mass Index ev BMI ˆ`Gni IRGbi mvG^ DœPZv
mvgémÅGK wbG`Æk KGi ^vGK| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gni PweÆi cwigvGYi
cÉk
 ² 21
wbG`ÆkK nGjv BMI| myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ BMI ‰i Av`kÆ gvb nGjv
gvLb
18.5-24.9| gvb ‰i ˆewk nGj ˆ`Gni IRb ˆewk aiv nq, hv
wN, ˆZj kixGii wewf®² ˆivM ˆhgb DœP iî×Pvc, ˆÕ¡ÈvK cÉf‡wZ ˆivGMi
wgwÓ¡ Kzgov, cyuBkvK KviY| Avevi BMI gvb 18.5 ‰i Kg nGj ˆ`n AcywÓ¡RwbZ
Pvj, Avjy, AvUv mgmÅvq fzMGQ eGj aiv nq| ˆ`nGK myÕ© ivLGZB BMI-i gvb
wPò: K Rvbv DwPZ ‰es ˆmB gGZv eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv DwPZ|
wkLbdj-1 mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RbÅ
K. ˆmjyGjvR Kx? 1 Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe 
L. mylg Lv`Å wcivwgW ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
M Avwglhyî× LvG`Åi cywÓ¡gƒjÅ ˆewk nevi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv|
M. wPò-K ‰i AvGjvGK mylg LvG`Åi gƒj weGePÅ welqàGjv
wjL| 3 N gvbeG`Gn Avwgl RvZxq LvG`Åi f„wgKv weGkÏlY KGiv|
N. myÕ©-mej ˆ`Gni RbÅ DóxcGKi wPò-K ‰i ‘LvG`Åi  cÉk
² 23 wkÞK KÑvGm KB gvGQi ài‚Z½ AvGjvPbv KiGZ wMGq
cwiwgZ eÅenvi AZÅvekÅKxq’– hywÚ w`Gq weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 eGjGQb ˆh ‰B gvGQ ‰KaiGbi wfUvwgb cÉPzi cwigvGY cvIqv hvq|
21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wfUvwgbwU DÚ gvQ QvovI wgwÓ¡ Kzgov, ˆXuom, euvavKwc, Avg,
K ˆmjyGjvR nGjv ˆej, Avg, Kjv, ZigyR, ev`vg, ÷Kbv dj I KuvVvj BZÅvw`GZ hvIqv hvq| wZwb AvGiv eGjb ˆh, ‰B wfUvwgbwU
me aiGbi kvKmewRGZ DcwÕ©Z ‰K aiGbi mƒß AvukhyÚ Lv`Å AvgvG`i ˆ`Gni AGbK DGÍÏLGhvMÅ KgÆmÁ·v`b KGi| wkLbdj-4
Dcv`vb| K. AvîxKiY Kx? 1
L. “AvwgGli cwiPq AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmW w`Gq”@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
L kKÆiv RvZxq Lv`Å wbPz Õ¦Gi ˆiGL chÆvqKÌGg cwigvYMZ w`K M. wkÞGKi DwÍÏwLZ wfUvwgb AvgvG`i ˆ`Gn Kx Kx KvR
weGePbv KGi kvKmewR, djgƒj, Avwgl, ˆÕ²n I PweÆ RvZxq Lv`ÅGK mÁ·v`b KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
mvRvGj ˆh Kv͸wbK wcivwgW ŠZwi nq ZvB mylg Lv`Å wcivwgW| ‰ N. DóxcGKi wfUvwgbwUi AfveRwbZ ˆivM I cÉwZKvi
Lv`Å wcivwgW AvgvG`i cÉwZ ˆejvi LvevGi cÉGqvRbxq mKj cywÓ¡ eÅeÕ©v AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
Dcv`vb iGqGQ wKbv Zv wbwøZ KiGZ mvnvhÅ KGi| 23 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RbÅ
K cwicvKK‡Z Lv`Å ˆkvwlZ nGq ˆ`nGKvGli ˆcÉvGUvµÏvRGg
Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe  msGhvwRZ nGj ZvGK AvîxKiY eGj|
M mylg Lv`Å wcivwgW ŠZwiGZ weGePÅ welq eÅvLÅv KGiv|
 L Avwgl ‰KwU AwZ cÉGqvRbxq Lv`Å Dcv`vb| Avwgl ˆ`Gn

N myÕ©Zvi RbÅ mylg Lv`Å cwiwgZ MÉnY cÉGqvRb weGkÏlY KGiv|
 cwicvK nIqvi ci AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmGW cwiYZ nq| ‰RbÅ AvwgGli
cÉk
² 22 cwiPq AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmW w`Gq|
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RbÅ
Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe 
M wfUvwgb A ‰i KvR eÅvLÅv KGiv|

N wfUvwgb A ‰i AfveRwbZ ˆivM I ‰i cÉwZKvi eÅeÕ©v

AvGjvPbv KGiv|
cÉk
 ² 24 kvwdGbi wKQyw`b hver `uvGZi gvwo w`Gq iÚ coGQ|
wkLbdj-1
WvÚvGii KvGQ ˆMGj WvÚvi ZvGK AÅvmKiweK AÅvwmWhyÚ Lvevi
K. BMI Kx? 1
LvIqvi civgkÆ ˆ`b ‰es AviI eGjb ‰K aiGbi LwbR c`v^Æ
L. Body Mass Index Rvbv Ri‚wi ˆKb? 2
`uvGZi MVGbi RbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| wkLbdj-4 I 5
M. wPGòi Lv`ÅàGjvi cywÓ¡gƒjÅ ˆewk nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv
K. wfUvwgb we KgGµÏÝ KvGK eGj? 1
KGiv| 3
L. A®¬Z½ cÉwZGivGa wfUvwgb ‘‰’ ˆKb Ri‚wi? 2
N. gvbeRxeGb wPGòi Lv`ÅàGjvi f„wgKv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M. kvwdGbi WvÚvi ˆh Lv`Å MÉnGYi civgkÆ ˆ`b ˆmàGjv ˆ`Gn
22 bs cÉGk²i Dîi Kx Kx KvR KGi? 3
K ˆ`Gni DœPZvi mvG^ IRGbi mvgémÅ iÞv Kivi mƒPKB nGjv
 N. mKj eqmx gvby Gli RbÅ WvÚvGii DwÍÏ w LZ LwbR c`vG^Æ i
ewW gvm BbGWÝ ev BMI| ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
12 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉk

 ² 27
K 12wU we wfUvwgGbi mg®¼Gq MwVZ `jGK wfUvwgb we KgGµÏÝ wfUvwgb Drm
ejv nq| X AvUv, Wvj, ev`vg, ˆZjexR
L wfUvwgb ‘‰’ ‰i AfvGe ivZKvbv ˆivM nq| ‰i Afve Y
hK‡Z, `ya, wWg, MvGQi KwP WMv, AâzwiZ exR
`xNÆÕ©vqx nGj ˆPvGLi KwbÆqvi Avjmvi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰ AeÕ©v PjGZ
^vKGj eÅwÚ mÁ·ƒYÆ A®¬ nGq ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰gZveÕ©vq wfUvwgb ‘‰’
Z ˆXuwK QvUv Pvj, hK‡Z, UvUKv dj I mewR
mg†«¬ Lvevi MÉnYB ‰ ˆivGMi nvZ ˆ^GK cÉwZKvi cvIqvi Dîg wkLbdj-4
Dcvq| ZvB A®¬Z½ cÉwZGiva wfUvwgb ‘‰’ MÉnY Ri‚wi| A K. ˆmjy GjvR Kx? 1
L. ivGdR KxfvGe ˆKvÓ¤KvwVbÅ `ƒi KGi? 2
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RbÅ
M. X, Y I Z wfUvwgGbi AfveRwbZ ˆivMàGjv AvGjvPbv
Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe 
KGiv| 3
M gvbeG`Gn wfUvwgb wm-‰i KvR eÅvLÅv KGiv| N. eqm Abyhvqx DÚ wfUvwgbàGjv ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvGY
N ˆ`Gni myÕ©Zvi iÞvi RbÅ KÅvjwmqvGgi f„wgKv weGkÏlY KGiv| LvIqv DwPr@ QGKi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvI| 4
cÉk
² 25 mylg LvG`Åi ˆKvGbv weK͸ ˆbB| Lv`Å mÁ·GKÆ wbGÁ²i `ywU 
cÉk
² 28 WvqwiqvGZ kixi ˆ^GK cÉPzi cvwb I LwbR jeY ˆei nGq
welq LyeB ài‚Z½cYÆ| h^v- (A) ivGdRhyÚ Lvevi, (B) Lv`Å hvq| ‰GZ ˆ`Lv ˆ`q cvwb kƒbÅZv I AÁÐÞvGii fvimvgÅnxbZv|
msiÞGY ivmvqwbK `ËGeÅi eÅenvi| wkLbdj-6 I 8 AwZwiÚ cvwb kƒbÅZvq I AÁÏÞvGii fvimvgÅ nxbZvq g†ZzÅI nGZ cvGi|
K. ˆmvwWqvg ˆebRGqU Kx? 1 wkLbdj-5 I 6
L. cÉwZw`b UvUKv UK RvZxq Lvevi MÉnY Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆKb? 2 K. AÁÐÞvGii fvimvgÅ bÓ¡ nGj Kx ˆivM nq? 1
M. DóxcGKi (A) RvZxq Lvevi AvgvG`i RbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆKb–
L. G`Gn cvwbi DrmàGjv Kx Kx? 2
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AeÕ©vq cvwb kƒbÅ nGj Kx Kx mgmÅv
N. DóxcGKi (B) RvZxq `ËeÅvw` eÅenvGii fvGjv I g±`
nGZ cvGi ‰es cÉwZKvGii Dcvq Kx? 3
w`KàGjv hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AeÕ©vq cvwb QvovI AbÅ ˆh Dcv`vbwU
25 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
kixi ˆ^GK ˆei nGq hvq| Zvi KvR ‰es AfveRwbZ
K ˆmvwWqvg ˆebRGqU nGjv ˆebRwqK ‰wmGWi jeY| ˆivM DGÍÏL KGiv? 4
L UvUKv UK RvZxq LvevGi wfUvwgb ’wm’ ^vGK| wfUvwgb wm-i cÉk
 ² 29 NUbv-1: mvqvb e®¬yG`i cvÍÏvq cGo cÉ^Gg ˆbkvi UÅveGjU
AfvGe Õ•vwfÆ ˆivM nq, AwÕ©i MVb kÚ ev gReyZ nGZ cvGi bv, I cGi ˆnGivBb ˆmeGb AfÅÕ¦ nGq coj| ‰K mgq ˆm AmyÕ© nGq
Z½GK Nv nq, ÞZ ÷KvGZ ˆ`wi nq| ‰Qvov ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg covq Zvi cwievi ZvGK iÞv Kivi RbÅ Zrci nGq IGV|
hvq| ZvB cÉwZw`b UvUKv UKRvZxq Lvevi LvIqv cÉGqvRb| NUbv-2: mvwe»i wmwiGéi gvaÅGg WÈvM ˆbq ‰es Awbqw¯¨Z ˆhŒb mGÁ¿vGM
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RbÅ AfÅÕ¦ nGq cGo| ‰K mgq ˆm giY eÅwaGZ AvKÌv¯¦ nq| wkLbdj-9
Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe  K. ˆKvGKb Kx? 1
M ivGdRhyî× LvevGii ài‚Z½ eÅvLÅv KGiv|
 L. Õ¼vÕ©Å iÞvi mvG^ aygcvGbi Kxi…c mÁ·KÆ iGqGQ? 2
N Lv`Å msiÞGY ivmvqwbK `ËeÅ eÅenvGii KviY I f„wgKv weGkÏlY
 M. mvqvGbi cwievi KxfvGe mvqvGbi AvmwÚ eySGZ cviGe-
KGiv| eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. mvqvb I mvwe»Gii gGaÅ KvGK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq
 AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk²
Avbv mnRZi nGe gZvgZ `vI| 4
cÉk
² 26
cÉk
 ² 30 kwdGKi eo fvB ‰KwU fvBivmRwbZ `ƒivGivMÅ ˆivGM
4^Æ AvKÌv¯¦| ‰B ˆivGM msKÌwgZ fvBivmwU Zvi ˆ`Gni ˆivM cÉwZGiva
3q ÞgZv axGi axGi bÓ¡ KGi w`GœQ| DGÍÏLÅ 1981 wLËÕ¡vGõ meÆcÉ^g
2q AvGgwiKv ‰B ˆivM wPwn×Z nq, ZGe AvwdÌKvi ˆ`kàGjvGZ ‰
1g ˆivGMi cÉGKvc ˆewk| wkLbdj-10
A
K. KvjUvi Kx? 1
wkLbdj-1
K. Lv`Å Kx? 1 L. KvG`iGK AcwinvhÆ ‰wmW ejv nq ‰es ˆKb? 2
L. gv`Kvmî× ev WÈvM wbfÆiZv ejGZ Kx eyS? 2 M. kwdGKi eo fvBGqi ˆivM cÉ wZGiva ÞgZv KxfvGe bÓ¡
M. wcivwgGWi ˆKvb Õ¦Gii Lvevi cwigvGY ˆewk ˆLGZ nGe nGq hvGœQ@AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DwÍÏ w LZ ˆivMwUi RxevYy kwdGKi fvBGqi kixGi KxfvGe
N. gvbeG`Gn 4^Æ chÆvGqi ˆh Lv`Å Zvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 cÉGek KGiGQ eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? 4
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 13

wbGRGK hvPvB Kwi

ˆmU-1
weævb welq ˆKvW : 1 2 7
mgq: 30 wgwbU m†Rbkxj eüwbeÆvPwb cÉk² gvb-30
1. RvwiGbi ˆ`Gni IRb 60 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 9. ˆKvbwU cywÓ¡i BsGiwR kõ 20. wfUvwgb-B5-‰i bvg Kx?
1.5 wgUvi nGj, we‰gAvB KZ? K Nutrients L Nicotin K wbqvwmb L ˆKvevjvwgb
K 26.7 L 27.7 M Nutrition N Vitamin M wcwiWwÝb N AGUvGmvg
M 28.7 N 29.7 10. ˆKvbwUGK dj kKÆiv eGj? 21. wKGmi AfvGe ˆewiGewi ˆivM nq?
2. nvGoi AbÅZg cÉavb Dcv`vb nGjv K dÌzKGUvR L ™ÏyGKvR K wfUvwgb B2 L wfUvwgb D
K KÅvjwmqvg L gÅvMGbwmqvg M jÅvKGUvR N ™ÏvBGKvGRb M wfUvwgb B1 N wfUvwgb B2
M KveÆb N cUvwkqvg 11. avb, Mg, fzëv nGjv  22. ˆKvbwUi AfvGe ˆivM cÉwZGivaK ÞgZv
3. ˆRic^Åvjwgqv ˆivM i. ˆk¼Zmvi ‰i cÉavb Drm KGg wMGq mnGR Vvív jvGM?
i. wfUvwgb A ‰i AfvGe nq K wfUvwgb-A L wfUvwgb-B12
ii. Avwgl ‰i cÉavb Drm
ii. wfUvwgb C ‰i AfvGe nq
iii. Dw«¿R kKÆivi cÉavb Drm M wfUvwgb-D N wfUvwgb-C
iii. ˆPvGLi KwYÆqvGZ Avjmvi nq
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? 23. wfUvwgb-D cvIqv hvq
K i I ii L ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii i. ˆZjmg†«¬ gvGQ ii. hK‡r-‰
M i I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. euvavKwcˆZ
4. kKÆivi ˆÞGò cÉGhvRÅ@ 12. ˆ`n ˆKvGli MVGb ˆewkifvGMB Kx hyÚ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?
i. dÌzKGUvRGK dj kKÆiv eGj K i I ii L i I iii
^vGK?
ii. eYÆnxb I M®¬nxb M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K dÅvU L ˆcÉvwUb
iii. Dw«¿` ˆ`Gn ‰wU ˆk¼Zmvi wnmvGe gRy` 24. ˆKvbwU `uvGZ dmdivm I gÅvMGbwmqvGgi
^vGK M KvGeÆvnvBGWÈU N myGKÌvR
mvG^ hyÚ nGq mwçZ ^vGK?
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? 13. ˆ`Gni Z½K ÷Ó• I LmLGm nGq hvq
K ˆjŒn L dmivm
K i I ii L ii I iii ˆKvbwUi AfvGe? M KÅvjwmqvg N cvwb
M i I iii N i, ii I iii K kKÆiv L Avwgl 25. mqvweGb ˆKvbwU ^vGK?
wbGPi ZvwjKvwU jÞ Ki ‰es 5 I 6 bs cÉGk²i M wfUvwgb N ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ K ˆjŒn L KÅvjwmqvg
Dîi `vI| 14. KW gvQ I MvRi nGZ Kx cvIqv hvq? M wfUvwgb-B-12 N ^vqvwgb
MÉ‚c A MÉ‚c B MÉ‚c C MÉ‚c D
K wfUvwgb-we wbGPi AbyGœQG`i AvGjvGK 26 I 27bs cÉGk²i
i. i. KuvPv i. e†Ø i.
AvgjKx gwiP gƒjvkvK L wfUvwgb-wm Dîi `vI:
ii. ˆjey ii. KuvPv ii. QòvK ii. aGb M wfUvwgb-B ˆbvgvGbi `uvGZi gvwo w`Gq iÚ covq WvÚvi
Avg cvZv N wfUvwgb-‰ ZvGK ˆewk ˆewk wfUvwgb C mg†«¬ Lvevi ˆLGZ
iii. iii. iii. gvQ iii. 15. wfUvwgb we-5 ‰i AfvGe ˆKvb ˆivM ˆ`Lv civgkÆ w`Gjb|
UGgGUv ˆcqviv Kijv ˆ`q? 26. ˆbvgvGbi ˆKvb ˆivM nGqGQ?
5. ZvwjKvq ˆKvb LvevGii AfvGe AÅvwbwgqv K ˆcGjMÉv K ivZKvbv L wiGKUm
ˆ`Lv ˆ`q? M AÅvwbwgqv N Õ•vwfÆ
L ˆewi ˆewi
K MÉ‚c A L MÉ‚c B
M ˆPvGL Qvwb cov 27. ˆbvgvGbi LvIqv `iKvi
M MÉ‚c C N MÉ‚c D
N ivZKvbv i. AvgjKx ii. ÷KGbv dj
6. ZvwjKvq wfUvwgb-wm mg†«¬ Lvevi nGjv
16. wfUvwgb - C Kx bvGg cwiwPZ? iii. ˆjey
i. MÉ‚c A I MÉ‚c B
ii. MÉ‚c C I MÉ‚c D K AÅvwmwUK ‰wmW wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ?
iii. MÉ‚c A I MÉ‚c D L AwjwqK ‰wmW K i I ii L i I iii
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M AÅvmKiweK ‰wmW
K i I ii L i I iii 28. Ethylene bvgK ivmvqwbK eÅenvi KGi dj
N dÅvwU ‰wmW
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii cvKvGbvi KZw`b ci evRviRvZ Kiv
17. `uvZ I gvwo kÚ ivGL ˆKvb wfUvwgb?
7. KÅvjwmqvGgi Drm nGœQ  DwPZ?
K we-2 L we-1
i. ˆQvU gvQ K 2@3 L 3@4
ii. dj M wm N ‰
M 4@5 N 7@8
iii. KPzkvK 18. ˆKvbwU `†wÓ¡kwÚ wVK ivGL? 29. HIV RxevYy ˆKvb ˆKvlGK bÓ¡ KGi?
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K wfUvwgb-D K iÚGKvl L hK‡ZGKvl
K i I ii L i I iii L wfUvwgb-A M Z½KxqGKvl N Õ²vqyGKvl
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M wfUvwgb-C 30. ˆKvbwU ˆKvÓ¤KvwVbÅ ˆivaK?
8. ˆÕ²n RvZxq Lv`Å `nGb KZUzKz kwÚ Drc®² N wfUvwgb-E K ™ÏyGKvR
nq? 19. ÷aygvò cÉvwYR Drm ˆ^GK ˆKvbwU cvIqv hvq? L ˆmjyGjvR
K 4.1 kcl/gm L 4.1 kcl/kg K wfUvwgb-D L wfUvwgb-E M myGKÌvR
M 9 kcl/gm N 9 kcl/kg M wfUvwgb-B1 N wfUvwgb-A N jÅvKGUvR
14 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

weævb welq ˆKvW : 1 2 7

mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK cÉk² gvb-70
1. dinv` cÉwZw`b e®¬zG`i mvG^ Avìv w`Gq AGbK ivGZ evmvq wdGi| K. KÅvjwmqvGgi AfvGe eqÕ• gwnjvG`i Kx ˆivM nq? 1
Zvi gv ZvGK ivGZ Lvevi ˆLGZ ejGj dinv` ej ˆh, Zvi Þzav ˆbB| L. cÉwZw`b wfUvwgb “wm” RvZxq Lv`Å LvIqv cÉGqvRb ˆKb? 2
‰Kw`b mKvjGejv dinvG`i evev Zvi ˆkvevi NGi wMGq ˆ`LGjb, dinv` M. DóxcGK A ‰i Lv`ÅàGjv kixGi Kx f„wgKv cvjb KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
AGMvQvGjvfvGe weQvbvq ÷Gq AÕ¼wÕ¦Geva KiGQ| Zvi evev ‰ AeÕ©vi K^v N. 12 eQGii ‰KwU wk÷ hw` DóxcGKi B ‰i Lv`ÅàGjv bv Lvq ZGe
RvbGZ PvBGj ˆm eGj Zvi wKQy nq bvB| Kx nGe– weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
K. UwÝb KvGK eGj? 1 7. LvG`Åi gyLÅ Dcv`vb wZbwU nGjv h^vKÌGg A, B, C| A nGjv gvbyGli
L. mylg Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 cÉavb Lv`Å, B nGjv KveÆb, nvBGWÈvGRb, AwÝGRb, bvBGUÇvGRGbi mg®¼Gq
M. dinvG`i ‰i…c AvPiGYi RbÅ mgvR I cwievi KZUzKz `vqx? eÅvLÅv KGiv|3 ŠZwi, C nGjv dÅvwU ‰wmW I w™ÏmviGji mg®¼Gq ŠZwi|
N. dinv`GK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdGi AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi f„wgKv K. AÅvwbwgqv ˆivM nq ˆKvb wfUvwgGbi AfvGe? 1
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 L. KvjUvi Kx KvGR eÅenvi Kiv nq@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
2. mygGbi IRb 90 ˆKwR| DœPZv 1.6 wgUvi| Zvi ˆ`Gni 60-75% cvwb| M. gvbeG`Gn C ‰i KvR ài‚Z½cƒYÆ@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Lye MiGg Zvi ˆ`Gni 12% cvwb KGg hvIqvq ˆm ài‚Zi AmyÕ© nGq coj| N. gvbeG`Gn A I B ‰i cy w Ó¡MZ ài‚ Z ½ weGkÏ l Y KGiv| 4
K. ‰w´Ÿ AwÝGW´Ÿ wnmvGe KvR KGi ˆKvb wfUvwgb? 1 8. iwnGgi Š`wnK IRb 54 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 5 dzU 4 Bwç| wewf®²
L. ˆRic^Åvjwgqv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 cÉKvi Lv`Å chÆvµ¦ ˆLGjI ivGdR RvZxq Lv`Å ˆm hG^Ó¡ Kg Lvq|
M. mygGbi ˆ`Gni fimƒwP wbYÆq KGiv| 3 K. Lv`Å KvGK eGj? 1
N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK mygGbi AmyÕ© nGq covi KviY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 L. cÉv wYR AvwgGli cy
w Ó¡gƒ j Å ˆewk ˆKb? 2
3. ‰bvgyj mvGne ‰jvKvi MYÅgvbÅ eÅwÚ| cuvP IqvÚ bvgvR Av`vqmn M. iwnGgi ewW gvm BbGWÝ (BMI) wbYÆq KGiv| 3
mgvR KjÅvYgƒjK me KvGRB Zvi AMÉYx f„wgKv| ‰ iKg ‰KwU mvgvwRK N. DóxcGKi DwÍÏ w LZ Lv`Å Kg LvIqvi KviGY iwng Kx mgmÅvq coGZ
AbyÓ¤vGb wMGq ‰bvgyj mvGne AmyÕ© nGq coGj ZvGK cvk¼ÆeZÆx ‰KwU cvGi eGj Zzwg gGb Ki@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
wKÑwbGK wbGq hvIqv nq| ˆmLvGb cƒGeÆ eÅen†Z ‰KwU wmwié «¼viv ZvGK 9.
BbGRKkb ˆ`Iqv nq| B`vbxs ‰bvgyj mvGnGei Nvo I eMGj AmnÅ eÅ^v
nGœQ, IRbI w`b w`b KGg hvGœQ|
K. LDL-‰i cƒYÆi…c Kx? 1
L. kKÆiv I AvwgGli gGaÅ `ywU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2
M. ‰bvgyj mvGne ˆhfvGe, ˆh ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQb, NUbvwU ˆ^GK
wkÞYxq welqwU eYÆbv KGiv| 3
K. wfGbMvi wK? 1
N. ‘eZÆgvb cwiwÕ©wZGZ ‰bvgyj mvGnGei cÉwZ mevi AvPiY ˆKgb
L. Body Mass Index Rvbv Ri‚wi ˆKb? 2
nGe’- hywÚ mnKvGi ˆZvgvi gZvgZ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 M. wPGòi Lv`ÅàGjvi cywÓ¡gƒjÅ ˆewk nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
4. N. gvbeRxeGb wPGòi Lv`ÅàGjvi f„wgKv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
wfUvwgb Drm 10.
A WvUv kvK
K ˆcqviv wN, ˆZj D
D wWGgi Kzmyg gvQ, gvsm, wWg C
L kmÅ`vbvi ˆZj
K. ˆk¼ZmvGii cÉavb Drm Kx? 1 cuyBkvK, Avg, Rvg B
L. ivGdRhyÚ Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 Pvj, AvUv, Avjy A
M. ‘K’ ‰i AfvGe AvgvG`i kixGi Kx Kx mgmÅvi m†wÓ¡ nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki ‘L’ AvgvG`i kixGi ˆKvb KvR KGi? DîGii mcGÞ K. ivGdR Kx? 1
hywÚ `vI| 4 L. mylg Lv`Å wcivwgW Kx? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
5. gvneye ‰KRb wbgÆvY kÉwgK| KvR ˆkGl ˆm mvgvbÅ gRyix cvq| M. 'C' wPwn×Z LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ Kx Zv DGÍÏL KGiv| 3
`ËeÅgƒjÅ e†w«¬i KviGY ˆm ˆKvGbvfvGeB Rxebhvòvi eÅq ˆgUvGZ cviGQ bv| N. 'B' DGÍÏ w LZ Lv`Å ˆivM cÉ w ZGivGai ˆÞGò ˆKvGbv f„ w gKv AvGQ wK bv
LvevGii Pvwn`v ˆgUvGbv Zvi cGÞ AmÁ¿e nGq coGQ| ZvB ˆm cÉvqB PvGji Zv hywÚ `vI| 4
cwieGZÆ evRvi ˆ^GK Avjy wKGb AvGb| 11. cyÓ· AmyÕ© nIqvq WvÚvGii wbKU wbGj WvÚvwi cixÞvi ci Rvbv
K. AvgvG`i Lv`Å ZvwjKvq ˆKvb Dcv`vbwU ˆewk cwigvGY `iKvi? 1 ˆMj cyGÓ·i iGÚi ˆk¼ZKwYKvi ‘wU’ wjGÕ¹vmvBU bÓ¡ nGq hvIqvq ˆ`Gni
L. kKÆiv RvZxq LvG`Åi Drm wjL| 2 Õ¼vfvweK ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg ˆMGQ| WvÚvi ejGjb cyGÓ·i ˆivGMi
M. gvneyGei KÌqK‡Z mewRGZ ˆh LvG`Åvcv`vb cvIqv hvq Zvi ài‚Z½ cÉwZKvi ˆbB ZGe cÉwZGiva Kiv mKGjiB DwPZ| AviI ejGjb mKGji
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Õ¼vÕ©Å iÞvi RbÅ kixiPPÆv I wekÉvg LyeB ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ|
N. gvneyGei PvGji cwieGZÆ DÚ mewR ˆKbvi ˆhŒwÚKZv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 K. fimƒwP wbYÆGqi mƒòwU wjL| 1
6. L. Kx Kx c`v^Æ «¼ v iv Avwgl MwVZ? 2
M. cyGÓ·i ˆivM cÉwZGivGai Dcvq eYÆbv KGiv| 3
A kmÅ`vbvi ˆZj, mƒhÆgyLxi exR ˆZj, ˆjUzm cvZv
N. DóxcGK ewYÆ Z WvÚvGii ˆkl DwÚwUi h^v^Æ Z v hy w ÚmnKvGi AvGjvPbv
B AvgjKx, ˆjey, UGgGUv, cyw`bv cvZv KGiv| 4
m†Rbkxj eüwbeÆvPwbgGWj cÉk²cGòi Dîi
1 K 2 K 3 M 4 N 5 M 6 L 7 N 8 M 9 M 10 K 11 L 12 L 13 N 14 N 15 K
16 M 17 M 18 L 19 K 20 K 21 M 22 N 23 N 24 M 25 L 26 N 27 L 28 N 29 K 30 L
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 15

ˆmU-2
weævb welq ˆKvW : 1 2 7
mgq: 30 wgwbU m†Rbkxj eüwbeÆvPwb cÉk² gvb-30
1. ˆKvbwUi AfvGe ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg 12. ˆcÉvwUGb KqwU ˆgŒj ^vGK? 24. ˆKvbwU cÉvYxi ˆ`Gn Lv`Å NvUwZ ev AwaK
wMGq mnGR Vvív jvGM? K 1 L 2 cwikÉGg kwÚ mieivn KGi?
K wfUvwgb-A M 3 N 4 K ˆmjyGjvR L Õ¡vPÆ
L wfUvwgb-B12 13. agwbGZ PweÆ Rgv ˆiva KGi ˆKvb wfUvwgb? M ™ÏvBGKvGRb N wjwcW
M wfUvwgb-D K A L B 25. cÉvYxG`Gn AwÕ© I `G¯¦i cÉavbZ Dcv`vb
M E N K ˆKvbwU?
N wfUvwgb-C
2. RwUj Lv`Å ˆ^GK mij Lv`Å cwiYZ nIqvi 14. HIV msKÌgGYi mÁ¿vebv ˆbB ˆKvbwUGZ? K ˆjŒn
K jvjv L iÚ
cÉwKÌqvGK Kx eGj? L KÅvjwmqvg
M Akɂ N nuvwP
K AvîxKiY L cwicvK M KÅvWwgqvg
15. PweÆGZ `ËeYxq wfUvwgbàGjv Kx Kx?
M k¼mb N cÉGÕ¼`b N wRsK
K A, D, E, K L A, B
3. LvG`Åi mnvqK Dcv`vb ˆKvbwU? M C, D N K, D, B
26. gvbyGli Š`wbK KÅvjwi Pvwn`vi kZKiv KZ
K kKÆiv L wfUvwgb 16. ˆKvb Lv`ÅwU ˆ^GK ˆewk kwÚ cvIqv hvq? fvM kKÆiv RvZxq Lv`Å ˆ^GK MÉnY Kiv
M Avwgl N GÕ²n K Qvbv L wPwb DwPZ?
4. Õ•vwfÆ ˆivM nq ˆKvbwUi AfvGe? M MvRi N gvLb K 58-60%
K ‰mKiweK ‰wmW L 50-52%
17. ˆmjyGjvR nGjv 
L wfGbMvi M 48-50%
i. AcvPÅ cÉK‡wZi kKÆiv
M mvBwUÇK ‰wmW N 40-42%
ii. AuvkhyÚ Lv`Å
N ˆmvwWqvg evBKveÆGbU
iii. ˆKvÓ¤KvwVbÅ ˆivaK
27. LvG`Åi gyLÅ Dcv`vb nGœQ@
5. gvbyGli Pzj I bGL ˆKvb ˆcÉvwUb ^vGK? wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? i. ˆcÉvwUb
K ˆmjyGjvR L ˆKGivwUb ii. LwbR jeY
K i I ii L i I iii
M dvBGeËqb N RÅv¯¦wdj M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. dÅvU
6. KveÆb, nvBGWÈvGRb I AwÝGRGbi mg¯¼Gq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?
18. ˆ`n cwiGcvlK Lv`Å nGœQ
MwVZ Dcv`vb ˆKvbwU? K i I ii L i I iii
i. ˆcÉvwUb ii. kKÆiv
K ˆcÉvwUb L wfUvwgb M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. dÅvU
M ˆÕ²n N kKÆiv
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? 28. wfUvwgb B1 ‰i Drm nGœQ@
7. ˆKvbwU ˆKvÓ¤-KvwVbÅ `ƒi KGi? A K i I ii L i I iii
i. ˆXuwK QuvUv PvDj
K gjGUvR L ˆjKGUvR ii. UvUKv dj
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ™ÏyGKvR N ˆmjyGjvR iii. cÉvwYR Drm
19. Dw«¿` Avwgl ˆKvbwU?
8. ˆKvbwU wecvK wKÌqvq DrGmPGKi mvG^ ˆKv- K ev`vg L `ya
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?
‰bRvBg wnmvGe KvR KGi? M ˆQvjv N cwbi
K i I ii L i I iii
K kKÆiv L wfUvwgb 20. ˆKvbwU ivGdRhyÚ Lv`Å? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M Avwgl N ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ
K wPwb L kmÅ exR
wbGPi DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i
9. gvbeG`Gn kZKiv KZ fvM cvwb ^vGK? M fvZ N gay
Dîi `vI:
K 50 - 80 fvM 21. ZigyGR ˆKvbwU cvIqv hvq? Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ gƒGjÅi ˆPGq gyLGivPK Õ¼vG`i RbÅ
L 65 - 75 fvM K ™ÏyGKvR RvâdzW Drcv`b Kiv nq|
M 60 - 80 fvM L dÌzKGUvR 29. RvâdzW cÉPzi cwigvGY ˆKvbàGjv ^vGK?
N 60 - 90 fvM M myGKÌvR i. cÉvwY PweÆ
10. ˆ`Gn ^vqvwgGbi Pig Afve nGj ˆKvb N ˆmjyGjvR ii. wfGbMvi
ˆivGMi jÞY cÉKvk cvq? 22. KÅvjwmqvGgi kZKiv KZfvM AwÕ©GZ iii. wPwb
K ˆewiGewi ^vGK? wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?
L ˆcGjMÉv K 90 L 80 K i I ii L i I iii
M AÅvwbwgqv M 70 N 65 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N Õ•vwfÆ 23. hK‡GZ kKÆiv Kxi…Gc ^vGK? 30. RvâdzGW ˆKvbàGjv ^vGK bv?
11. gvbeG`Gn KZ aiGbi AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmW K ˆk¼Zmvi K kKÆiv I wfUvwgb
AvGQ? L ˆmjyGjvR L ˆÕ²n I LwbR jeY
K 20 L 18 M ™ÏvBGKvGRb M kKÆiv I ˆÕ²n
M 16 N 14 N dÌzKGUvR N wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY
16 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

weævb welq ˆKvW : 1 2 7

mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK cÉk² gvb-70
1. LvG`Å cwigvY gGZv kKÆiv, Avwgl ^vKGjI RxGei Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ I 7. gwbGii ˆ`Gni IRb 60 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.8 wgUvi| mÁ·ÉwZ Zvi
cywÓ¡i RbÅ AwZ mvgvbÅ cwigvGY AbÅ ‰KwU Dcv`vb we`Ågvb ^vGK| hv ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvIqvi KviGY bvbv iKg weij
wecvK wKÌqvq DrGmPGKi mvG^ ˆKv-‰bRvBg wnGmGe KvR KGi| Avevi ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGœQ| WvÚvGii KvGQ ˆbIqv nGj wewf®² cixÞv-wbixÞv ˆkGl
‰i ‰KwU Ask cvwbGZ `ËeYxq| WvÚvi RvbvGjb, ˆm ‰KwU NvZK eÅvwaGZ AvKÌv¯¦|
K. wbqvwmb Kx? 1 K. ˆKvb wfUvwgGbi AfvGe ˆewiGewi bvgK ˆivM nq? 1
L. Lv`Å msiÞY ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 L. Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. DóxcGK cÉ`î AbÅ Dcv`vbwUi KvR eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. gwbGii ˆ`Gni we‰gAvB (BMI) wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK cÉ`î cvwbGZ `ËeYxq Dcv`vbwUi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 N. gwbGii ˆ`Gni kbvÚK‡Z ˆivMwU cÉwZGivGai Dcvq weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
2. AvwKe `kg ˆkÉwYGZ cGo| Zvi eqm 16 eQi| ˆm wVKgZ ˆLGZ 8.
Pvq bv| cov÷bvq Abxnv I KvRKGgÆ kvixwiKfvGe `yeÆj| evev WvÚvGii wfUvwgb Drm
kiYvc®² nGj, Š`wbK mylg Lv`Å ZvwjKv ˆ`wLGq Lv`Å MÉnGYi civgkÆ ˆ`b| X AvUv, Wvj, ev`vg, ˆZjexR
K. Lv`Å Kx? 1 Y hK‡Z, `ya, wWg, MvGQi KwP WMv, AâzwiZ exR
L. RvâdzW ÞwZKi ˆKb? 2 Z ˆXuwK QvUv Pvj, hK‡Z, UvUKv dj I mewR
M. WvÚvGii civgGkÆi AvGjvGK AvwKGei Lv`Å ZvwjKv ŠZwi KGiv| 3
K. ivGdR Kx? 1
N. AvwKGei myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ LvG`Åi Dcv`vb evQvB ài‚Z½cƒY
Æ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
3. PvKzwiRxex myjZvb mvGneGK cÉvqB ˆnvGUGj ˆLGZ nq| wZwb AmyÕ© L. ivGdR KxfvGe ˆKvÓ¤K vwVbÅ `ƒ i KGi? 2
nGq covq ZvGK WvÚvGii KvGQ wbGq hvIqv nGjv| WvÚvi ejGjb, Zvi M. X, Y I Z wfUvwgGbi AfveRwbZ ˆivMàGjv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
food poisoning nGqGQ| wZwb AviI ejGjb, Aaybv Lv`Å msiÞGY
N. eqm Aby h vqx DÚ wfUvwgbàGjv ‰KwU wbw`Æ Ó ¡ cwigvGY LvIqv DwPr@
digvwjGbi eÅenvGi ‰ aiGbi AmyÕ©Zv nGZ cvGi| QGKi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvI| 4
K. AcwinvhÆ AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmW Kx? 1 9.
L. WÈvM AvmwÚ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 4^Æ
M. myjZvb mvGnGei AmyÕ©Zvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
3q
N. Lv`Å msiÞGY DGÍÏwLZ c«¬wZwU mwVK wKbvhywÚ DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4
4. dinv` cÉwZw`b e®¬zG`i mvG^ Avìv w`Gq AGbK ivGZ evmvq 2q
wdGi| Zvi gv ZvGK ivGZ Lvevi ˆLGZ ejGj dinv` ej ˆh, Zvi Þzav 1g
A
ˆbB| ‰Kw`b mKvjGejv dinvG`i evev Zvi ˆkvevi NGi wMGq ˆ`LGjb,
K. cwicvK Kx? 1
dinv` AGMvQvGjvfvGe weQvbvq ÷Gq AÕ¼wÕ¦Geva KiGQ| Zvi evev ‰
L. gv`Kvmî× ev WÈvM wbfÆiZv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
AeÕ©vi K^v RvbGZ PvBGj ˆm eGj Zvi wKQy nq bvB|
M. wcivwgGWi ˆKvb Õ¦Gii Lvevi cwigvGY ˆewk ˆLGZ nGe eÅvLÅv KGiv|3
K. UwÝb KvGK eGj? 1
L. mylg Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 N. gvbeG`Gn 4^Æ chÆvGqi ˆh Lv`Å Zvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M. dinvG`i ‰i…c AvPiGYi RbÅ mgvR I cwievi KZUzKz `vqx? eÅvLÅv 10. WvqwiqvGZ kixi ˆ^GK cÉPzi cvwb I LwbR jeY ˆei nGq hvq|
KGiv| 3 ‰GZ ˆ`Lv ˆ`q cvwb kƒbÅZv I AÁÐÞvGii fvimvgÅnxbZv| AwZwiÚ cvwb
N. dinv`GK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdGi AvbGZ Zvi evev-gvi f„wgKv kƒbÅZvq I AÁÏÞvGii fvimvgÅ nxbZvq g†ZzÅI nGZ cvGi|
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 K. AÁÐÞvGii fvimvgÅ bÓ¡ nGj Kx ˆivM nq? 1
5. gyÚvi ‰KRb Amr dj weGKÌZv| ˆm (i) cPb ˆ^GK dj iÞv, (ii) L. G`Gn cvwbi DrmàGjv Kx Kx? 2
KuvPv djgƒj `xNÆw`b msiÞY Kiv ‰es (iii) `Ë‚Z dj cvKvGbvi RbÅ bvbv M. DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ AeÕ©vq cvwb kƒbÅ nGj Kx Kx mgmÅv nGZ cvGi
aiGbi ÞwZKi c`v^Æ eÅenvi KGi| ‰es cÉwZKvGii Dcvq Kx? 3
K. WHO Kx? 1 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AeÕ©vq cvwb QvovI AbÅ ˆh Dcv`vbwU kixi ˆ^GK
L. dvÕ¡ dzW ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 ˆei nGq hvq| Zvi KvR ‰es AfveRwbZ ˆivM DGÍÏL KGiv| 4
M. gyÚvi ii bs KvRwU KxfvGe KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 11. NUbv-1: mvqvb e®¬yG`i cvÍÏvq cGo cÉ^Gg ˆbkvi UÅveGjU I cGi
N. gyÚvGii gZ AbÅvbÅ eÅemvqxG`iGK cÉwZGiva Kivi RbÅ Kx Kx ˆnGivBb ˆmeGb AfÅÕ¦ nGq coj| ‰K mgq ˆm AmyÕ© nGq covq Zvi
eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? 4 cwievi ZvGK iÞv Kivi RbÅ Zrci nGq IGV|
6. mvGbvqviv ˆeMg AvPvi msiÞGY wfGbMvi eÅenvi KGib ‰es dj, NUbv-2: mvwe»i wmwiGéi gvaÅGg WÈvM ˆbq ‰es Awbqw¯¨Z ˆhŒb mGÁ¿vGM
gvQ, gvsm, kvK-mewR, Pvj, Mg wewf®² c«¬wZGZ msiÞY KGib| wK¯§ AfÅÕ¦ nGq cGo| ‰K mgq ˆm giY eÅwaGZ AvKÌv¯¦ nq|
dj eÅemvqx ˆmvGnj wgqv dj msiÞGY digvwjb eÅenvi KGib| K. ˆKvGKb Kx? 1
K. ˆmjyGjvR Kx? 1 L. Õ¼vÕ©Å iÞvi mvG^ aygcvGbi Kxi…c mÁ·KÆ iGqGQ? 2
L. KÅvjwi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. mvqvGbi cwievi KxfvGe mvqvGbi AvmwÚ eySGZ cviGe- eÅvLÅv
M. mvGbvqviv ˆeMGgi eÅen†Z c«¬wZàGjv eYÆbv KGiv| 3 KGiv| 3
N. mvGbvqviv ˆeMg I ˆmvGnj wgqvi eÅen†Z c«¬wZi gGaÅ ˆKvbwU N. mvqvb I mvwe»Gii gGaÅ KvGK Õ¼vfvweK RxeGb wdwiGq Avbv mnRZi
Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi? hywÚmnKvGi AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 nGe- gZvgZ `vI| 4
m†Rbkxj eüwbeÆvPwbgGWj cÉk²cGòi Dîi
1 N 2 K 3 L 4 K 5 L 6 N 7 N 8 L 9 K 10 K 11 K 12 N 13 M 14 N 15 K
16 N 17 N 18 N 19 K 20 L 21 N 22 K 23 M 24 M 25 L 26 K 27 L 28 N 29 L 30 N
DbœZZi Rxebaviv 17

ˆmU-3
weævb welq ˆKvW : 1 2 7
mgq: 30 wgwbU m†Rbkxj eüwbeÆvPwb cÉk² gvb-30
1. ˆKvGbv eÅvwÚi IRb 80 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.8 DóxcK ˆ^GK 13 I 14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 23. LvG`Åi KvR nGjv
nGj, Zvi BMI KZ? mvGqg eqm cuvP eQi| Zvi Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ nGœQ bv| ˆm i. ˆ`Gni MVb, e†w«¬mvab, ÞqcƒiY I
K 26.2 L 23.4 cÉvqB ˆcGUi cxovq ˆfvGM ‰es Zvi kixi dzGj hvq| iÞvGeÞY Kiv
M 24.7 N 25.5 13. mvGqg Kx ˆivGM fzMGQ? ii. ˆ`Gni Zvc Drcv`b KGi KgÆkwÚ cÉ`vb
2. ™ÏvBGKvGRb Kx? K wiGKUm L wKGUvmm Kiv
K Dw«¿` kKÆiv L cÉvYxR kKÆiv M gÅvivmgvm N ˆKvqvwkqiKi iii. ˆ`Gn ˆivM cÉwZGiva Kiv
M Dw«¿` ˆcÉvwUb N cÉvYxR ˆcÉvwUb 14. ˆh Lv`ÅàGjvi AfvGe mvGqGgi ‰ ˆivM nGqGQ Zv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?
3. 10 MÉvg `B-‰ 69 MÉvg Avwgl AvGQ| ‰wU ˆ^GK nGjv K i I ii L ii I iii

Kx cwigvY kwÚ cvIqv hvGe? i. gvQ, gvsm I cwbi M i I iii N i, ii I iii

K 17.58 Cal L 16.95 Cal ii. Wvj, ev`vg I ˆQvjv 24. wfUvwgb ‰i Drm nGjv
M 18.69 Cal N 19.71 Cal iii. wjPz, ZigyR I Avbvim i. ˆjUzm cvZv
4. ˆmjyGjvR mg†«¬ dj ˆKvbwU?| wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? ii. kmÅ`vbvi ˆZj
K Avg L ˆcqviv K i I ii L i I iii iii. mƒhÆgyLxi exGRi ˆZj

M ˆcuGc N Rvg M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?

5. AvwgGl bvBGUÇvGRGbi cwigvY kZKiv KZ? 15. iGÚ MÉvg kKÆiv `nGb KZ kwÚ Drc®² nq? K i I ii L i I iii

K 12 L 15 K 4.1 wKGjvKÅvjwi M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

M 16 N 20 L 3.1 wKGjvKÅvjwi 25. gvbeG`Gn KZ cÉKvi AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmW AvGQ?

M 2.1 wKGjvKÅvjwi K 10 L 16
6. wbGKvwUwbK ‰wmW nGœQ
K B1 L B2 N 1.4 wKGjvKÅvjwi M 20 N 64
M B5 N B12 16. iGÚ ˆKvGjGÕ¡iGji cwigvY ˆeGo ˆMGj ˆKvbwU 26. LvG`Å cÉvq KZ aiGbi dÅvwU ‰wmW cvIqv hvq?
7. ˆKvbwU ivGdRhyÚ Lv`Å? LvIqv DwPZ bq? K 20 L 25
K wPwb L kmÅexR K ÷UwK gvQ L ˆQvU gvQ M 15 N 30
M fvZ N gay M Lvwmi gvsm N gyiwMi gvsm 27. ˆ`Gn ^vqvwgGbi Pig Afve nGj ˆKvb ˆivGMi
8. LvG`Åi ˆKvb Dcv`vbwU wgwÓ¡ Õ¼v`hyÚ? 17. ‰KwU wk÷i cÉwZw`b Kx cwigvY ˆjŒn cÉGqvRb? jÞY cÉvKk cvq?
K ˆcÉvwUb L ˆÕ²n K 5gm L 10gm K ˆewiGewi L ˆcGjMÉv
M 15gm N 20gm M AÅvbwgqv N Õ•vwfÆ
M kKÆiv N wfUvwgb
18. MvRGi ˆKvbwU cvIqv hvq? 28. ‰KwU evo¯¦ wk÷i cÉGZÅn Kx cwigvY KÅvjwmqvg
9. ˆKvbwU ˆ`Gni KgÆ`ÞZv e†w«¬ I ZvckwÚ
K ™ÏyGKvR L dÌzGÙvR cÉGqvRb nq?
Drcv`b KGi?
M myGKÌvR N ˆmjyGjvR K 500-600 mg
K kKÆiv L Avwgl
19. dvÕ¡ dzW Lvevi Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi KviY@ L 450-550 mg
M wfUvwgb N ˆÕ²n
i. ‰wU KLGbv mylg LvG`Åi gGaÅ cGo bv M 400-450 mg
10. KÅvGivwUbGqW mg†«¬ Lv`Å nGœQ
ii. ˆ`Gn Õ©ƒjvKvq nGq cGo N 300-400 mg
K gvQ L MvRi
iii. ‰GZ chÆvµ¦ cÉvwYR PweÆ ^vGK hv Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ DóxcK ˆ^GK 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI:
M `ya N gvsl
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? gwZGbi ˆ`Gn wbGKvwUwbK ‰wmGWi ռ͸Zvq ˆcGjMÉv
11. LvG`Åi gyLÅ Dcv`vGbi A¯¦f„ÆÚ K i I ii L i I iii ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ˆivMwU AvKÌv¯¦ nIqvq Zvi wRn»v
i. wfUvwgb ii. kKÆiv M ii I iii N i, ii I iii cwieZÆb nGqGQ|
iii. Avwgl 20. ‰mKiweK ‰wmW ˆKvb RvZxq wfUvwgb? 29. gwZGbi ˆ`Gn ˆivMwU ˆKvb wfUvwgGbi AfvGe
wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K wfUvwgb-wm L wfUvwgb-wW nq?
K i I ii L i I iii M wfUvwgb-‰ N wfUvwgb-we K B1 L B2
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 21. AÅvwbwgqv ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆKvbwUi AfvGe? M B5 N C
12. ˆPvGLi RbÅ LyeB `iKvwi cywÓ¡hyÚ Lvevi nGjv K ^vqvwgb L wbqvwmb 30. gwZGbi ˆ`Gn AfveRwbZ mgmÅv
i. wfUvwgb ‰, wm I B mg†«¬ Lvevi M wcwiWwÝb N ivBGevdÑÅvwfb i. Z½GK jvjGP `vM cov
ii. dÅvwU ‰wmW hyÚ Lvevi 22. nvGoi AbÅZg cÉavb Dcv`vb ˆKvbwU? ii. Z½K LmLGm nIqv
iii. Mvp meyR kvKmewR K KÅvjwmqvg iii. ˆVuvGUi `ycvGk dvUj aiv

wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? L bvBGUÇvGRb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M cvwb K i I ii L i I iii

M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N AwÝGRb M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

18 cv‡Äix gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj weÁvb

weævb welq ˆKvW : 1 2 7

mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK cÉk² gvb-70
1.  cwci evev ‰KRb PvKzwiRxex| Zvi evevi mvgvbÅ AvGq cwc I Zvi 6.
aƒgcvb welcvb gv`KGK bv eGjv
fvBGqiv ˆjLvcovi LiPmn msmvGii mKj KvR PGj| dGj `yB fvBGevb
mylg Lv`Å ˆLGZ cvGi bv| ˆm RbÅ Zviv bvbv AmyGL ˆfvGM| evev ZvG`iGK
wbGq WvÚvGii kiYvc®² nGj WvÚvi ZvG`i RbÅ cÉwZw`b QqwU Dcv`vb
wewkÓ¡ Lvevi ˆLGZ eGjb| ˆcvÕ¡vi-1 ˆcvÕ¡vi-2
K. cywÓ¡ Kx? 1 K. ‰KwU cwiwPZ Rvâ dzGWi bvg wjL| 1
L. ivGdR ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 L. ‰BWmGK NvZK eÅvwa ejv nq ˆKb? 2
M. cwci evev KxfvGe Zvi m¯¦vbG`i Kg LiGP mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGZ M. ˆcvÓ¡vi ‘1’ ‰i Kzdj eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
cvGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ˆcvÓ¡vi ‘2’ ‰i mgmÅv mgvR I ˆ`Gki D®²wZi cwicw¯©@ weGkÏlY
N. DóxcGK cÉ`î QqwU Dcv`vb wewkÓ¡ LvG`Åi MyYvàY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 KGiv| 4
2. 7.
A avb, Pvj, Mg, mwilv wfUvwgb AfveRwbZ ˆivM
B12 AÅvwbwgqv
B KuvPv kvK-mewR, dj, gvQ, gvsm C Õ•vwfÆ
C ˆcqviv, AvGcj, Avbvim D wiGKwUm
K. RvâdzW Kx? 1 K. KwVb ˆÕ²n c`v^ÆàGjvGK Kx eGj? 1
L. dzW cqRwbs ejGZ Kx eyS? 2 L. wfUvwgbGK ŠRweK cÉfveK ejv nq ˆKb? 2
M. QGKi Lv`Åàwj KxfvGe msiÞY Kiv hvq eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. ZvwjKvi ˆivMàGjvi cÉwZKvi eÅeÕ©v wjL| 3
N. DóxcGKi Lv`ÅàGjv msiÞGYi ài‚Z½ eYÆbv KGiv| 4 N. gvbeG`Gn ‰ aiGbi wfUvwgGbi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
3. ivqnvGbi eqm 12 eQi| mKvjGejv ˆLRyGii ào w`Gq i‚wU ˆLGq ˆm 8. kvqjv Rvgvb nuvUvPjv Lye Kg KGib| KvwqK cwikÉg KGib bv ejGjB
Õ•zGj ˆMj| `ycGy i Õ•zj ˆ^GK wdGi Avjyi ZiKvwi w`Gq fvZ ˆLj| PGj| wK¯§ wZwb Lye ˆfvRb wejvmx gvbyl| B`vbxs Zvi kixGii IRGbi ˆek
weKvGj ˆm Avevi fzëv fvRv ˆLj| ˆeGo ˆMGQ| eZÆgvGb Zvi IRb 78 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.6 wgUvi|
K. AvgvG`i Š`wnK IRGbi KZfvM cvwb? 1
K. Lv`Å Kx? 1
L. aygcvGbi `yBwU ÞwZKi w`K DGÍÏL KGiv| 2
L. Avgiv Lv`Å LvB ˆKb? 2 M. kvqjv RvgvGbi we‰gAvB (BMI) KZ? 3
M. ivqnvGbi LvIqv Lv`ÅàGjv kixGi Kx aiGbi f„wgKv ivGL eÅvLÅv N. kvqjv RvgvGbi DœPZvi mvG^ wK IRGbi mvgémÅ AvGQ eGj Zzwg
KGiv| 3 gGb KGiv? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
N. ivqnvGbi Lv`ÅZvwjKvwU Zvi RbÅ ˆgvGUI DcGhvMx bq- hywÚ cÉ`kÆb 9. Qvjvg mvGne evRvGi wMGq ˆ`LGjb evRvGi gvGQi ռ͸Zv iGqGQ|
KGiv| 4 ‰KRb RvbvGjb gvGQ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ cvIqv ˆMGQ ‰es mgÕ¦ gvQ evRvi
4 ˆ^GK ZyGj ˆbIqv nGqGQ| AbÅvbÅ Lv`Å `ËGeÅi Ici cixÞv PjGQ|
K. ˆXwK QuvUv PvGj Kx ˆewk ^vGK? 1
L. wfUvwgb ˆ`Gni RbÅ cÉGqvRb ˆKb? 2
M. Qvjvg mvGneGK evRvGii ˆjvKwU gvGQi gGaÅ cvIqv ˆh ivmvqwbK
wPò-K wPò-L wPò-M c`vG^Æi K^v ejGjb, gvbeG`Gn Zvi cÉwZwKÌqv eYÆbv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆh Amr eÅeÕ©v K^v ejv nGqGQ Zv ˆiva Kivi RbÅ
K. mylg Lv`Å KvGK eGj? 1 Kx Kx c`GÞc ˆbIqv ˆhGZ cvGi ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
L. cÉwZw`b wfUvwgb ‘wm’ RvZxq Lv`Å LvIqv cÉGqvRb ˆKb? 2 10.  15 eQiGi w`cyi IRb 45 ˆKwR ‰es DœPZv 1.5 wgUvi| B`vbxs
M. DóxcGKi ‘K’ bs wPGòi Lv`Å KxfvGe ‘L’ bs wPGòi Lv`Å nGZ Zvi Z½GK jvjGP `vM cGoGQ| LvIqvi ˆZgb i‚wP ˆbB|
Avjv`v eYÆbv KGiv| 3 K. cwicvK Kx? 1
N. ‘M’ bs wPGòi Lv`ÅwU ˆh aiGYi Zvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 L. AcwinvhÆ AÅvgvBGbv ‰wmW ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
5. Lv`Å Dcv`vb M. w`cyi ˆ`Gni BMI wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. w`cyi ˆ`Gn mgmÅvàGjv mgvavGbi Dcvq weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
11. Lv`Å`ËeÅ msiÞGYi RbÅ digvwjb AwaK nvGi eÅenvi Kiv nGœQ|
gƒLÅ Dcv`vb (A) ˆMŒY/ mnvqK Dcv`vb (B) ‰wU ‰KwU welvÚ ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ| hLb ‰wU AwZwiÚ cwigvGY eÅen†Z
nq ZLb ‰wU AvgvG`i LvevGii mvG^ kixGi cÉGek KGi| ‰i dGj bvbv
RwUj ˆivM AvgvG`i ˆ`nGK AvKÌgY KiGZ cvGi| B
kKÆiv Avwgl ˆÕ²n wfUvwgb LwbR jeY cvwb K. Fruit Sugar Kx? 1
K. cwiGcvlK KvGK eGj? 1 L. ivGdRfzÚ LvevGii ài‚Z½ wjL| 2
L. Dw«¿ä AvwgGli 2wU ŠewkÓ¡Å wjL| 2 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ivmvqwbK c`v^ÆwU kixGii RbÅ ÞwZKi eÅvLÅv
M. A AsGki Dcv`vGbi Drm eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 KGiv| 3
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