Ossification Dmch

OSSIFICATION
By Dr. Sanjay sah

Assistant professor
Department of Anatomy
GMC Bettiah
2024
DEVELOPMENTALLY TYPE OF BONES
1– MEMBRANOUS [DERMAL] BONES--- ossify in
membrane.[mesenchymal membrane].
Eg.---bones of vault of skull, facial bone
2---CARTILAGINOUS BONE---ossify in cartilage [derived
from preformed cartilaginous model]
Eg.-- bones of limbs, vertebral column, & thoracic
cage,
3—MEMBRANO-CARTILAGINOUS BONE—ossify partly
in membrane & partly in cartilage
Eg.-- clavicle,mandible,occipital,temporal,sphenoid
bone
ossification
• Process of gradual bone formation.[from mesoderm]
• Type---two
1.membranous ossification—
---also k/a direct ossification
--bones are directly formed from mesenchymal
rudiments/model
---relatively rapid process
2.Cartilaginous ossification-[endochondral ossif.]
--also k/a indirect ossification
--bones are formed from hyaline cartilage ,which is
derived from mesenchymal rudiment
---slow process
--Most of the bones of body is formed from this model.
calcification--- process of deposition of calcium
mesenchymal
rudiments/model
D
chondrification
I
R
E
hyaline cartilage calcification C
T
calcification Ossi
fica
BONE tion
indirect ossification
membranous ossification—
Mesenchymal cells
Membranous
condensation
bone
Mesenchymal
rudiments
formation of
vascularisation periosteum by
surrounding
mesenchymal cells
Differentiation into
osteoblast
Calcification/minerali
zation formation of
Formation of matrix trabeculae,osteocyte,
& collagen fibres by lamina, lacune
osteoblast
cartilaginous ossification—
Mesenchymal cells
cartilaginous
condensation
bone
Mesenchymal
rudiments
formation of
vascularisation periosteum by
surrounding
mesenchymal cells
chondrification
Calcification/minerali
zation formation of
trabeculae,osteocyte,
hyaline cartilage lamina, lacune
Few points
• Most of the bones of the body develops from
cartilaginous model.
• 1st bone to ossify in body --- clavicle
• Commonest congenital anomaly due to
defective membranous ossification ----
cleidocranial dysostosis.
• Commonest congenital anomaly due to
defective cartilaginous ossification ----
achondroplasia[dwarfism]—short curved arm
& legs.,, autosomal dominant disorder
Ossification centre
• Parts of long bone---epiphysis,, metaphysis,,
diaphysis.
• Ossification centre– the site where bone
formation begins.
• Type– two=== 1]. Primary ossif. Centre
2]. Secondary ossif. Centre
1]. Primary ossif. Centre—
--appear before birth exception-
cueniform,navicular bone
--may be single or multiple
--when multiple , appears simultaneously
--forms diaphysis
2]. Secondary ossif. Centre
--appear after birth ,, exception—lower end of
femur[ appear at or just before birth]
--usually multiple
--when multiple ,, not appear simultaneously,,
,,Appear at different age/time
--form epiphysis
--diaphysis & epiphysis are formed separately ,
they fuse at puberty .Fusion is completed by
age 25yrs. So height not increase after age
25.
LAW OF OSSIFICATION [Law of union
of epiphysis]
• a/c to this law, the epiphysis
(epiphyseal/sec.ossif. Centre) --- which appears
1st unites last and epiphyseal centre which appear
later unites first.
• Exception– fibula– epiphyseal centre of lower
end appear 1st & unites 1st
- epiphyseal centre of upper end appear late &
unites late.
[the epiphysis which unites last is present on
growing end of bone.]
Growing end of long bone
• Blood supply of long bone
• 1. by epiphyseal artery
• 2.metaphyseal artery
• 3.nutrient artery
• 4.periosteal artery
NUTRIENT ARTERY– it enters in medullary
cavity of bone through nutrient foramen.
...Direction of nutrient artery is always from
growing end of bone
example
• ‘’NA –go towards elbow joint & flee away from
knee joint.’’
upper end of humerus

is growing end
While
Lower end of radius &
ulna are growing end
lower end of
femur and
upper end of
tibia & fibula
are growing
end
GROWTH OF BONE
• Two types—
• 1. appositional growth--- it results in increase
in diameter of the long bone
• Done by osteoblast on the surface of bone.
• 2.Endochondral growth– responsible for the
increase in length of the long bone.
• Due to multiplication of the cells of the
epiphyseal plate of cartilage.
THANK U

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OSSIFICATION

By Dr. Sanjay sah

upper end of humerus

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