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    4.2.3. Ossification2

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    alexandra4wine
    The document discusses two types of bone development: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves the direct formation of bone from mesenchymal tissue and forms flat bones like the skull. Endochondral ossification involves the formation of bone from a cartilage model and forms long bones through the development of a primary ossification center and subsequent secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses.

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    4.2.3. Ossification2

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    alexandra4wine
    7 views9 pages
    The document discusses two types of bone development: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves the direct formation of bone from mesenchymal tissue and forms flat bones like the skull. Endochondral ossification involves the formation of bone from a cartilage model and forms long bones through the development of a primary ossification center and subsequent secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses.

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    4.2.3. Ossification2

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    The document discusses two types of bone development: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves the direct formation of bone from mesenchymal tissue and forms flat bones like the skull. Endochondral ossification involves the formation of bone from a cartilage model and forms long bones through the development of a primary ossification center and subsequent secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views9 pages

    4.2.3. Ossification2

    Uploaded by

    alexandra4wine
    The document discusses two types of bone development: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves the direct formation of bone from mesenchymal tissue and forms flat bones like the skull. Endochondral ossification involves the formation of bone from a cartilage model and forms long bones through the development of a primary ossification center and subsequent secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    BONE DEVELOPMENT

    1. Intramembranous ossification – development of flat bones of the skull, mandible,


    maxilla, clavicle
    - similarly formation of the compact bone in
    diaphysis
    2. Endochondral ossification – development of long & short bones
    Intramembranous ossification
    1. Condensation of mesenchyma = several primary ossification centra (bone blastema)
    2. Mesenchymal cells differentiate to osteoblasts
    3. Formation of new bone matrix (primary bone), followed by calcification
    4. Osteoblast are surrounded by bone matrix – change to osteocytes
    5. Newly formed islands of the bone - spicules

    6.Fusion of the spicules – gives


    the bone - spongy structure
    7. Cavities between spicules –
    bone marrow (mesenchymal
    origin)
    8. Several ossification centres
    grow radially – fuse – fully
    replace former mesenchymal
    tissue by bone
    9. Cranial flat bones:
    a./ two layers of compact bone (inner
    & outer plate)
    b./ central part – spongy bone (diploë)
    Cranial flat bones:
    a./ two layers of compact bone (inner & outer plate)
    b./ central part – spongy bone (diploë)
    Endochondral ossification
    1. Bone developes from hyaline cartilage model
    2. Development of short and long bones
    3. One primary ossification centre in the centre of future diaphysis (3rd month prenatal)
    hypertrophy of chondrocytes, disturbance of the cartilage and replacement by bone spicules;
    ossification continue longitudinally toward both epiphyses

    4. Two secondary ossification centra in both epiphyses (after birth in long bones)
    hypertrophy of chondrocytes, ossification and replacement of the cartilage by bone spicules goes
    radially – formation of spongy bone

    5. Cartilage on the future articular surfaces remains (persists through adult life)
    6. Between epiphysis and diaphysis epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage) remains to the
    age 20-25 – responsible for growing of the bone to the lenght
    Hyaline cartilage mod
    el for bone development

    Formation of the bone collar


    at the periphery of
    diaphysis
    Primary ossification
    centre in the diaphysis
    Result of ossification in long bone
    Formation of the bone by 2 processes:
    A. Result of endochondral ossification
    1. growing of the bone to the lenght
    2. formation of bone marrow cavity
    - firstly filled with bone spicules and bone marrow
    - later spicules are resorbed by osteoclasts
    B. Result of intramembranous (perichondral, periostal) ossification is thickening of
    the bone collar (of diaphysis)
    SECONDARY OSSIFICATION: Primary woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone with
    Haversian systems
    2. secondary
    ossification
    centre Epiphyseal plate – growing plate
    1. Resting zone

    2. Proliferative zone

    3. Hypertrophic cartilage zone

    4. Hypertrophic calcified cartilage zone

    5. Line of erosion (chondroclasts)

    6. Osteoid zone
    7. Ossiform zone
    LM:

    4.Hypertrophic calcified cartilage zone

    5.Line of erosion (multinucleated


    chondroclasts)

    6.Osteoid zone
    remnants of the cartilage (basophilic)
    osteoid (eosinophilic)

    7.Ossiform zone
    - bone spicules

    Bone marrow
    REMODELING OF THE BONE Secondary ossification
    - formation of new osteons (6,9)
    - older osteons replaced by new one
    become interstitial systems (11)

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