6.

0 Doors and Windows (2 hrs)

6.1 Doors: Frame, Shutters and their fixing details

6.2 Windows & Ventilation: Types & their fixing

details

1
Door:
 It is the screen/board used to seal an opening in to the building or between
spaces within the building.
 It is a moving structure that allows access and also blocks the user to enter.
What does door do?
Provides safety to occupants.
Allows light and air.
Insulates the exterior noise and loudness.
Resists the external temperature.
Provides privacy to the user.

2
Parts of a door:
1. Frame
2. Shutter
3. Fixtures
Horn Horn Fixture

Shutter

Frame

3
Terms related to doors and windows:

Frame: Enclosure that supports the whole system.

Shutter: Openable part of a door/window.
Head: Uppermost horizontal part in a frame.
Rebate: Depression made inside the frame
Jamb/Post: Vertical part in a frame.
Horn: Horizontal projection in a frame.

4
Sill: Lowermost horizontal part in a frame.
Style: Vertical outside member in a shutter.
Top rail: Uppermost horizontal part in a frame.
Lock rail/Middle rail: Horizontal member in
a shutter where lock arrangement is fixed.
Bottom rail: Lowermost horizontal part in a
shutter.
Intermediate/Cross rail: Additional horizontal
member present between top and bottom rails.
Mullion: Vertical member running in a shutter.
Transom: Horizontal bar that separates a door
and window, just above the door.

5
6
Types of doors:
A. Based on Shutter: B. Based on materials:
1. Battened door 1. Timber
2. Paneled door 2. Steel
3. Glazed door
3. Aluminum
4. Flush door
4. Others
5. Sliding door
6. Revolving door
7. Collapsible door
8. Rolling shutter door
9. Swing door
10. Louvered door

7
1. Battened door:
• Consists of series of battens.
• Normally 3 ledges are used.
• May or may not be secured with brace.
• Sometimes used as external door.
• Size of battens varies from 100 to 175mm
(width) and 20 to 32mm (thickness).
• Size of ledges varies from 100 to 200mm
(width) and 25 to 30 mm (thickness).
• Size of braces varies from 127-175 mm
(width) and 25-30 mm (thickness).

Battened, ledged, braced & framed Door

8
9
Battened, ledged & framed Door

Battened, ledged, braced & framed Door

10
2. Panelled door:
• Made with different panels of timber.
• Widely used in all types of buildings.
• Used as external door.

11
3. Glazed or Sash door:
• Same as paneled door but panels are made up of glass.
• Glass panels are fixed in timber frame.
• Used where the visibility of interior room is required.

12
13
4. Flush door:
•Has a framed skeleton and it is covered on both sides with laminated
boards or plywood .
•This door consists of a frame which has stiles, top, bottom and
intermediate rails which are covered on both sides.
•Easy to construct and economical than paneled door.
•Very common used.

14
A. Solid / Laminated Core Flush Door:
• Have solid blocks of wood inside.
• The solid core type flush doors
consist of stiles, top and bottom rails
each not less than 7.5cm wide.
• Mostly used as exterior door as it
provides better strength and insulation.

15
B. Hollow/Cellular Core Flush Door:
• Honeycomb cardboard is between the skin of the door.
• The honeycombed fiberboard provides
strength to the door.
• Light-weight door which is cheaper.
• Doesn’t insulates sound as it is thin.
• Only used as a interior door.

16
5. Sliding door:
• Consists of one or more panels fixed with wheels on their top or
bottom.
• Shutter slides with the help of runners and guide rails.
• Used in places where there the space for hinged door is limited.
(Eg. Shops, garage, etc.)

17
18
6. Revolving door:
• Has a center pivot which may be fixed on the top & bottom and rotates
about vertical axis.
• Provides entrance to one and exit to another person simultaneously.
• Used in places where the flow of people is frequent. (Eg. Library, bank,
etc.)
• Shutters are made of glass.

19
20
7. Collapsible door:
• Consists of channels and braces.
• Can be folded for opening and stretched for close.
• Made of light steel section.
• Provides safety, vision and ventilation to the insiders.
• Occupies less space.

21
8. Rolling shutter door:
• Made with the interlocking steel sheets coiled upon a drum at the top
of the opening.
• Occupies less space.
• Used for show room, stores etc.

22
9. Swing door:
• Swings in one or both direction.
• May have single or double shutter.
• Used in public buildings where
people are in rush.

23
10. Louvered Door:
• Door that has angled slats (thin piece of wood) for
admission of light and air.

24
 Types of doors

Rail

Stile

Battened door
Paneled door Glazed door Flush door

25
Types of doors

Inside

Outside

Collapsible door Rolling Shutter

Revolving door
Sliding door
Swing door

26
Louvered door

27
Windows and Ventilation
A window is a vented barrier that is secured in a wall opening.
Main purpose of window is to admit natural light and air and to give a
view to the outside.

If the opening is not less than 10% of the floor area, then the room is
naturally lighted.
Similarly, if the opening is not less than 5% of the floor area, then the
room is naturally ventilated.

28
29
Types of windows
Based on uses and Shutter Based on materials use
◦ Casement/ordinary window ◦ Timber
◦ Louvered window.
◦ Steel
◦ Pivoted window
◦ Corner window ◦ Aluminum
◦ Gable window ◦ PVC windows
◦ Dormer window ◦ Others
◦ Bay window
◦ Clerestory window
◦ Lantern light window
◦ Sky light window
◦ Sliding window

30
Ordinary windows
- Hinged at one end.
- Shutter opens just like a door.
- May or may not be glazed.
- Most common type of window.

31
Ordinary windows

32
Bay Windows:
- Such windows project outside the external wall.
- Provides wide vision.
- Slope angle is between 30-45 degree.

33
Clerestory Windows:
- Window located above eye level.
- Also known as overstorey window.
- Allows light and air inside the room.

34
Corner Windows:
- Provided at the corner of a room.
- Provided for better vision.

35
Dormer Windows:
- Such window is provided at the dormer end of a roof.
- Provides light and ventilation to the space below the roof.

36
Gable Windows:

37
Lantern Windows:

38
Louvered Windows:

- Series of slats/louvers are kept into the grooves present in the stiles.
- Louvers slope downward so as to avoid rain.
- Provides ventilation and light.
- Used widely in bathrooms.

39
Pivoted Windows:
Vertical
Pivoted

Horizontal
Pivoted

40
Sliding Windows:
- Shutter moves on roller and can slide both horizontally and vertically.

41
Skylight Windows:
- Fixed windows on the sloping roof.
- Allows light to admit evenly all over the room.

42
Types of windows

Corner window

Bay window

44
Types of windows

Dormer window

Sky light

Gable window

Louvered window

45
Types of windows

Lantern

Sliding
window

46
Process of fixing doors and windows
Wooden Door and window frames are fixed in openings at the time of wall
construction.
Holdfasts to required numbers are nailed on the frame before setting frame
to position.
Frame is carried to position and set with the help of ropes and poles.
Frame is than put to plumb (frame should be perfectly vertical).
Once the frame is set and leveled, the holdfasts are fixed in wall with
cement concrete etc.
Final checking of plumb is done, if required corrections are applied.
Shutters are finally fixed before painting works.
Aluminum and PVC frames are fixed after completing masonry work.

47
Ventilation
•Ventilator is the narrow opening with small height
provided near the roof or floor slab in the building.
•The main purpose of the ventilator is to facilitate air
flow in the building.
•It also acts to provide natural light.
•The shape and size of the ventilator is similar to the
window sections.
•Refer chapter 1 (Ventilation) for further information.

48
Types of ventilators
Side hung
Bottom hung
Horizontally pivoted
Vertically pivoted
Top hung
Vertically sliding

49