Lesson 2.1 - LNRS - COMPONENTS OF MATTER SHORTENED-1

Physical Science
Grade 10 Lesson 2
Term 1 MATTER &

MATERIALS
Topic:
Revise Matter & classification
(The materials of which an

object is composed. Mixtures:
heterogeneous and
homogeneous. Pure
substances: elements and
compounds. Names and
formulae of substances)
Matter:
Anything that occupies
space and has mass
is the stuff that makes
any object in the universe.
Levels
Microscopic
Macroscopic
small,
sub-microscopic
Focuses on particles, like atoms,
matter that that molecules and ions.
can be seen by
a naked eye in - matter that can’t be
our everyday seen by a naked eye.
lives.
Different objects are made of
different types of materials. The
properties of the materials
affect the properties of the
object.
Properties are the
characteristics of an object or
substance that make the
substance different from other.
(smell, hearing and taste)

Properties of matter that you should
know are:
✔ Materials can be strong or weak
– this is an ability to withstand
pull(tensile) or push
(compressional)forces and resist
bending .
✔ Materials that conduct heat are

called thermal conductors.
✔ Materials that conduct electricity
are electrical conductors.
✔ Brittle materials break
easily.
✔ Materials that are malleable

can be easily formed into
different shapes/flattened.
✔ Ductile materials are able to

be formed into long thin
wires.
✔ Magnetic materials have a
magnetic field/attracted by
magnets.
✔ Density is the mass per
unit volume.
✔ The boiling and melting
points of substance help
us to classify substances
as solids, liquids or gases
at a specific temperature.
A mixture is a combination of two
or more substances where the
substances are not bonded (or
joined) to each other and no
chemical reaction occurs
between the substances.
In a mixture the substances that
make up the mixture:
• Are not in a fixed ratio.
• Keep their physicals properties.
• Can be separated by mechanical
means.
Mixture
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Mixture is one that is Is one that is uniform,

non-uniform and the and where the different
different components of components of the
the mixture can be seen. mixture cannot be seen.
Phases of matter Name of mixture Example

Liquid-liquid Emulsion Oil in water
Solid-liquid Suspension Muddy water
Gas-liquid Aerosol Fizzy drinks
Gas-solid Smoke Smog
Exercise 1: Complete the following table
Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous

mixture mixture
Tap water
Concrete
Coca Cola
Soapy water
Black tea
Sugar water
Baby milk
formula
Pure substances are single substances;
they are not mixed with any other.
Pure Substances
Element Compounds
It is much more difficult to break down

pure substances into their parts, and
complex chemical methods are needed to
do this.
Element is a chemical substance
that can’t be divided or changed
into other chemical substances
by any ordinary chemical means.
The smallest unit of an element is the

atom.
-There are 112 officially named
elements
-118 known elements.
-Most are natural, some man-made.
– elements are on the Periodic able.
First 20 element and some of the common transition metals
Element Name Element Symbol Element Name Element Symbol
Hydrogen H Phosphorus P
Helium He Sulphur S
Lithium Li Chlorine Cl
Beryllium Be Argon Ar
Boron B Potassium K
Carbon C Calcium Ca
Nitrogen N Iron Fe
Oxygen O Nickel Ni
Fluorine F Copper Cu
Neon Ne Zinc Zn
Sodium Na Silver Ag
Magnesium Mg Platinum Pt
Aluminum Al Gold Au
Silicon Si Mercury Hg
USES:
CONDUCTORS:
-Allelectrical equipment; Thermal conductors:
- Making alloys e.g. Bronze(Cu + Sn ) , Brass(Cu
+ Zn), Stainless steel(Fe + Cr + Ni) and
Alnico(Al + Ni + Co)
-Copper and aluminium- making pots.
METALLOIDS:
-Computers and other electronic equipment
INSULATORS:
-Thermal insulators:-Plastic handles
-Electric insulators- coatings around electric
conductors
Compound is a substance made
up of two or more different
elements that are joined
together in a fixed ratio.
Compounds -broken down into
constituent elements.
-can be changed into their elements
by heating, or passing electric
current through them.
It is easy to describe
elements and mixtures.
-Using names of elements on

the periodic table
-and words to describe

mixtures.
The following are some guidelines
for naming/ formulating compounds:
1. The compound name always

include the name of the
elements in it.
2. In a compound - element on the

left of the Periodic Table, is
used first when naming the
compound.
3. The symbols of elements
-used to represent compounds.
These are called chemical

formulae.
4. A compound may contain ions
(an atom/molecule that has lost or
gained electrons).
ions can ether be simple (consist

of only one element) or compound
(consist of several element).
Some of the more common ions

are the following tables.
TABLE OF CATIONS
Table
of anio
ns.
5. Prefixes can be used to
describe ratio of the elements
that are in the compound.
This is used for non-metals. For
metals we add a Roman number
(I, II, III, IV) in brackets after the
metal ion to indicate the ratio.
You must know the following
prefixes: “mono” (one), “di” (two)
and “tri” (three).
EXERCISE 2: COMPONENTS OF MATTER:
One word answer.
1. Stuff of which any object in the universe
is made.
2. Combination of two or more substances
where the substances are not bonded (or
joined) to each other and no chemical
reaction occurs between the substances .
3. Chemical substance that can’t be divided
or changed into other chemical
substances by any ordinary chemical
means.
4. Substance made up of two or more
different elements that are joined
together in a fixed ratio.
Homework:components of matter:
1. Which one of the following can be classified as a
mixture:
a. Sugar.
b. Table salt.
c. air
d. iron
2. Classify each of the following substances as
element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture or a
heterogeneous mixture: salt, pure water, soil, salt
water, pure air, carbon dioxide, gold.
3. Look at the table below. In the first column (A) is
a list of substances. In the second column (B) is a
description of the group that each of these
substances belongs in. Match up the substance in
Column A with the description in Column B.
4.Give the name for each of the following substances.
a.KBr b. HCl c. KMnO4 d. NO2

e.NH4OH f. Na2SO4 g. Fe(NO3)3 h. PbSO3
i. Cu(HCO3)2
5.Give the chemical formula for each of the following compound.
a. potassium nitrate e. magnesium phosphate

b. sodium oxide f. tin(II) bromide
c. barium sulphate g. manganese(II) phosphide
d. aluminium chloride
4.
a) Potassium bromide
b) Hydrogen chloride or Hydrochloric acid
c) Potassium permanganate
d) Nitrogen dioxide
e) Ammonium hydroxide
f) Sodium sulphate
g) Iron (III) nitrate
h) Lead (II) sulphite
i) Copper (II) hydrogen carbonate
5.
a) KNO3 b) Na2O
c) BaSO4 d) AlCl3
e) Mg3 (PO4)2 f) SnBr2
g) Mn3 P2

Lesson 2.1 - LNRS - COMPONENTS OF MATTER SHORTENED-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 2.1 - LNRS - COMPONENTS OF MATTER SHORTENED-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 2.1 - LNRS - COMPONENTS OF MATTER SHORTENED-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physical Science

Term 1 MATTER &

(The materials of which an

(smell, hearing and taste)

✔ Materials that conduct heat are

✔ Materials that are malleable

✔ Ductile materials are able to

Mixture is one that is Is one that is uniform,

Phases of matter Name of mixture Example

Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous

It is much more difficult to break down

The smallest unit of an element is the

-Using names of elements on

-and words to describe

1. The compound name always

2. In a compound - element on the

These are called chemical

ions can ether be simple (consist

Some of the more common ions

a.KBr b. HCl c. KMnO4 d. NO2

5.Give the chemical formula for each of the following compound.

a. potassium nitrate e. magnesium phosphate

You might also like