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    Gas Liquid Solid: Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids

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    David
    1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The three phases of matter are solids, liquids, and gases which differ in how tightly or loosely packed their particles are and how easily they can move. 2. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. 3. The periodic table arranges elements by proton number and properties. Elements are grouped based on similarities. Metals tend to be good conductors while nonmetals tend to be brittle and poor conductors.

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    Gas Liquid Solid: Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids

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    David
    18 views8 pages
    1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The three phases of matter are solids, liquids, and gases which differ in how tightly or loosely packed their particles are and how easily they can move. 2. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. 3. The periodic table arranges elements by proton number and properties. Elements are grouped based on similarities. Metals tend to be good conductors while nonmetals tend to be brittle and poor conductors.

    Original Description:

    This is the revision for test at SIC

    Original Title

    Chemistry Final

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    1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The three phases of matter are solids, liquids, and gases which differ in how tightly or loosely packed their particles are and how easily they can move. 2. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. 3. The periodic table arranges elements by proton number and properties. Elements are grouped based on similarities. Metals tend to be good conductors while nonmetals tend to be brittle and poor conductors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views8 pages

    Gas Liquid Solid: Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids

    Uploaded by

    David
    1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The three phases of matter are solids, liquids, and gases which differ in how tightly or loosely packed their particles are and how easily they can move. 2. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. 3. The periodic table arranges elements by proton number and properties. Elements are grouped based on similarities. Metals tend to be good conductors while nonmetals tend to be brittle and poor conductors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    1.

    Matter : Is anything that has mass and takes up


    space (has volume)
    2. Mass : is the amount of matter in an object
    3. Volume : is the amount of space something
    takes up
    4.
    Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids
    Gas Liquid Solid
    Particles can Particles can Rigid- particles
    move past one move/slide past locked into place.
    another one another Cannot
    move/slide past
    one another
    Compressible Not easily Not easily
    Lots of free compressible compressible
    space between Little free space Little free space
    particles between between
    particles particles

    5. Types of phase transition


    Change from liquid to gas : Vaporization
    Change from gas to liquid : Condensation
    Change from liquid to solid : Freezing
    Change from solid to liquid : Melting
    Change from solid to gas : Sublimation
    Change from gas to solid : Deposition
    * PHASE CHANGES HAPPEN AS THE
    TEMPERATURE CHANGES
    6. Classification of Matter
    a. Element
     Is a substance (matter) made of only one kind
    of atom
     Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of
    matter by either physical or chemical means
     Can exist as either atoms or molucules
    b. Molecule consists of two or more atoms of the
    same element, or different elements that are
    chemically bound together
    c. Compound
     Is a substance (matter) made of atoms of two
    or more different elements bound (combined)
    togerther
     Can be broken down into a simpler type of
    matter by chemical means
     Has properties that are different from its
    component elements
     Always contains the same ratio of its
    component atoms
    d. Mixtures
     Is matter made of two or more different
    elements or compounds physically
    combined together
     Can be separated into its components by
    physical means
     Often retains many of the properties of its
    components
    7. Separating mixtures
     Chromatography : Separates liquids of
    different colours
     Distillation : Separates liquids with different
    boiling points
     Filtration : Separates a solid that can dissolve
    from one that can’t
     Evaporation : Separates a liquid and solid by
    boiling off the liquid

    8. Difference between physical and chemical


    changes
     Physical changes only  Chemical changes will
    effect properties effect both physical
    and chemical
    properties
     Physical changes  Chemical changes
    produce no energy produce energy
    generally in the form
    of the heat, light or
    sound
     Physical changes  Chemical changes
    produce no new produce new
    substances substances
     Physical changes are  Chemical changes are
    generally easy to not easily reversible
    reverse

    10. A chemical reaction is a process in which a


    substance or substances is/are changes into new
    substances with different chemical properties from
    the original ones
    The original substances are called reactants and
    the new substances are called products
    Chemical reactions can be represented using
    chemical equations
    Types of chemical equations include word and
    symbol
    The large numbers in front of some of the formulas
    are called coefficients, these numbers are used to
    balance the equation
    Chemical reactions obey the Law of Conservation
    of Matter which states that matter cannot be
    created nor destroyed
    10. Atomic structure : All atoms are made from
    these three subatomic particles
    Particles Charge Relative Location in
    mass an atom
    Proton +1 1 Nucleus
    Neutron 0 1 Nucleus
    Electron -1 1/1840 Electron
    shells
    Protons and neutrons have almost the same mass

    The lowest shell must be full before electrons enter the


    next shell
    The arrangement of electrons in shells is called electron
    configuration and the 1st shell is closest to the nucleus
    The maximum number of electrons in the 1st shell is 2, in
    the 2nd shell is 8 and the 3rd shell is 8
    11. Number of Particles in Atoms
    Symbolism
    Atomic Number ( Z) = The # (number) of protons
    Number of protons=number of electrons
    Mass number (A) = [The # (number) of protons] + [the #
    (number) of neutrons]

    12.
    Two atoms with the same number of protons, but
    different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
    Two different between isotopes are mass number and
    neutron #
    Four similarities between isotopes are
    a) Proton #
    b) Electron #
    c) Electron configuration
    d) Chemical Properties

    13. THE PERIODIC TABLE


    Columns of similar elements called Group
    The horizontal rows are called Periods
    Few elements are Semi-metals which have mixed
    metal/non-metals character and not so easy to classify

    Properties of Metals
     Metald have high melting and boiling points
     Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
     Metals have high density
     Metals look shiny
     Metals are strong materials ( hard)
     Metals are malleable, they can change shape without
    breaking when hit very hard
    Chemical properties of Metals
     Metal react with oxygen to form compounds called
    oxides
     The oxides produces hydroxies solution when
    dissolved in water
     The alkali solution have pH>7
     Most metal elements react with acids to form a salt
    and hydrogen

    Properties of Non-metal
     Non-metallic elements have low melting and boiling
    points
     Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and
    electricity
     Non-metals are weak material ( weak)
     Non-metals look dull
     Most non-metals easily break into smaller piece,
    they are brittle
     Non-metals have low density

    Chemical properties of non-metal


     Non-metals react w/oxygen to form acidic oxides
     These oxides dissolved in water to produce acidic
    solutions
     The acid solution have pH<7

    Groups
    Group 1 –Alkali Metals : Lithium (Li), Sodium(Na),
    Potassium( K), Rubidium( Rb)
     The melting points of Group 1 metals decrease as
    we go down the group
     Group 1 metals need to be stored under oil
    because it keep them out of contact w/oxygen in the
    air
     Group 1 metals are less dense than water, so they
    float
     They are good conductors of heat and electricity
     The Group 1 metals get more reactive as we go
    down the group

    Group 2 – The Alkaline Earth Metals : Beryllium (Be),


    Magnesium(Mg), Calcium( Ca), Strontium (Sr),
    Barium(Ba)
     Group 2 metals are less reactive than group 1
    metals
     Group 2 metals get more reactive as we go down
    the group
     The alkaline earth metals have low melting points
    and low densities

    Group Transition Metals


     Transition metals have High Melting Points and
    Boiling Points
     Transition metals have high density
     They are good conductors of heat and electricity

    Group 7 – The Halogens : Flourine ( F), Chlorine (Cl),


    Bromine(Br), Iodine(I), Astatine (At). They have seven
    outer electrons.
     All group 7 halogens have seven electrons in the
    outer shell
     The colour of the group 7 gets darker as we go
    down the group
     The melting pointes of group 7 halogens increase
    down the group
     The boiling points of group 7 increase down the
    group
     Most halogens readily re4act with metals, especially
    on heating, to form ionic compounds
     Number of Halogen
     Flourine : pale yellow, boiling points -188
     Chlorine : yellow/green, boiling point -34
     Bromine: orange/brown, boiling point 58
     Iodine :grey/black , boiling point 183

    Group 0: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon,


    radon
     They have full outer electron shell
     All group 0 noble gases have eight electrons in the
    full outer shell
     The melting point of group 0 increase down the
    group
     The boiling point of group 0 increase down the
    group
     The density of group 0 increase down the group

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