A TEXTBOOK OF

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
 A TEXTBOOK OF

ENGINEERING
MATHEMATICS
For

B.E./B.TECH. (Semester–II)
ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
(Strictly According to the Latest Revised Syllabus)

By
N.P. BALI DR. MANISH GOYAL
Former Principal M.Sc. (Mathematics), Ph.D., CSIR–NET
S.B. College, Gurgaon Associate Professor
Haryana Department of Mathematics
Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities
G.L.A. University, Mathura
U.P.

UNIVERSITY SCIENCE PRESS

(An Imprint of Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.)
BANGALORE l CHENNAI l COCHIN l GUWAHATI l HYDERABAD
JALANDHAR l KOLKATA l LUCKNOW l MUMBAI l RANCHI
NEW DELHI l BOSTON, USA
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First Edition: 2005, Second Edition: 2007, Third Edition: 2009,

Fourth Edition: 2010, Fifth Edition: 2011, Reprint: 2012, 2013,
Sixth Edition: 2014
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 CONTENTS

Preface ... (vii)

Syllabus ... (viii)
Standard Results ... (ix)–(xiii)

Symbols ... (xiv)

Units Pages
1. Vector Calculus ... 1

2. Ordinary Differential Equations ... 98

3. Laplace Transform ... 197

4. Analytic Functions ... 287

5. Complex Integration ... 360

Appendices ... (i)–(ix)

 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION

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ejhfpeZ#rkefLe u{k=kk.kkega 'k'khAA
It gives us immense pleasure to bring before all, the Sixth Edition of a
textbook of Engineering Mathematics–II for all students of B.E./B.Tech. I Year
II Semester studying under Anna University.
The book has been made up-to-date by incorporating all the questions,
asked recently, with their to the point solutions/answers at the appropriate
places.
It will also help the readers in developing their necessary basic math-
ematical skills that are imperative for effective understanding of the subject.
We are really thankful to Dr. Hari Kishan, Associate Professor and
Head, Mathematics Dept., K.R. (P.G.) College, Mathura, for his valuable
suggestions and necessary instructions.
However, any more suggestions with a view to enhance the quality of
the text are always welcome.

— Authors

(vii)
 SYLLABUS
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS–II
ANNA UNIVERSITY
MA6251 LTPC
3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVES
• To make the student acquire sound knowledge of techniques in solving ordinary differential
equations that model engineering problems.
• To acquaint the student with the concepts of vector calculus, needed for problems in all engineer-
ing disciplines.
• To develop an understanding of the standard techniques of complex variable theory so as to
enable the student to apply them with confidence, in application areas such as heat conduction,
elasticity, fluid dynamics and flow of the electric current.
• To make the student appreciate the purpose of using transforms to create a new domain in which
it is easier to handle the problem that is being investigated.

UNIT I: VECTOR CALCULUS 9+3

Gradient, divergence and curl—Directional derivative—Irrotational and solenoidal vector fields—
Vector integration— Green’s theorem in a plane, Gauss divergence theorem and Stokes’ theorem
(excluding proofs)—Simple applications involving cubes and rectangular parallelopipeds.

UNIT II: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9+3

Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients—Method of variation of
parameters—Cauchy’s and Legendre’s linear equations—Simultaneous first order linear equations
with constant coefficients.

UNIT III: LAPLACE TRANSFORM 9+3

Laplace transform—Sufficient condition for existence—Transform of elementary functions—Basic
properties—Transforms of derivatives and integrals of functions—Derivatives and integrals of
transforms—Transforms of unit step function and impulse functions—Transform of periodic
functions. Inverse Laplace transform—Statement of Convolution theorem—Initial and final value
theorems—Solution of linear ODE of second order with constant coefficients using Laplace
transformation techniques.

UNIT IV: ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS 9+3

Functions of a complex variable—Analytic functions: Necessary conditions—Cauchy-Riemann
equations and sufficient conditions (excluding proofs)—Harmonic and orthogonal properties of
analytic function—Harmonic conjugate—Construction of analytic functions—Conformal mapping:
w = z + k, kz, 1/z, z2, ez and bilinear transformation.

UNIT V: COMPLEX INTEGRATION 9+3

Complex integration—Statement and applications of Cauchy’s integral theorem and Cauchy’s

integral formula—Taylor’s and Laurent’s series expansions —Singular points—Residues —
Cauchy’s residue theorem—Evaluation of real definite integrals as contour integrals around
unit circle and semi-circle (excluding poles on the real axis).
TOTAL : 60 PERIODS
(viii)
 STANDARD RESULTS

d d
1. (xn) = nxn–1 2. (ax) = ax loge a
dx dx
d d 1
3. (ex) = ex 4. (loge x) =
dx dx x
d 1 d
5. (log10 x) = log10 e 6. (sin x) = cos x
dx x dx
d d
7. (cos x) = – sin x 8. (tan x) = sec2 x
dx dx
d d
9. (cosec x) = – cosec x cot x 10. (cot x) = – cosec2 x
dx dx

d d 1
11. (sec x) = sec x tan x 12. (sin–1 x) =
dx dx 1 − x2

d −1 d 1
13. (cos–1 x) = 14. (tan–1 x) =
dx 1− x 2
dx 1 + x2

d 1 d −1
15. (sec–1 x) = 16. (cot–1 x) =
dx x x2 − 1 dx 1 + x2

d 1 e x − e− x
17. (cosec–1 x) = – 18. sinh x =
dx x x2 − 1 2

e x + e− x e x − e− x
19. cosh x = 20. tanh x =
2 e x + e− x
21. cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 1, sech2 x + tanh2 x = 1, coth2 x = 1 + cosech2 x

22. cosh2 x + sinh2 x = cosh 2x 23. sinh–1 x = log (x + x2 + 1 )

cosh–1 x = log ( x + x2 − 1 )
d d
24. (sinh x) = cosh x 25. (cosh x) = sinh x
dx dx
d d
26. (tanh x) = sech2 x 27. (coth x) = – cosech2 x
dx dx
d d
28. (sech x) = – sech x tanh x 29. (cosech x) = – cosech x coth x
dx dx
du dv
d dv du d FG u IJ v
dx
−u
dx
30. Product rule :
dx
(uv) = u
dx
+v
dx
31. Quotient rule :
dx H vK =
v2

( ix )
 (x)

dy dy dt
32. = . if y = f1(t) and x = f2(t)
dx dt dx

π π π
33. sin–1 x + cos–1 x = , tan–1 x + cot–1 x = , sec–1 x + cosec–1 x =
2 2 2

FG a − b IJ = tan a – tan b, tan F a + b I = tan

34. tan–1
H 1 + ab K
–1
GH 1 − ab JK
–1 –1 –1 a + tan–1 b

F 2x I = sin F 2x I = 2 tan x
35. tan–1 GH 1 − x JK
2
–1
GH 1 + x JK 2
–1

3 tan x − tan3 x
36. sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x, cos 3x = 4 cos3 x – 3 cos x, tan 3x =
1 − 3 tan 2 x

2 tan x
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x ; tan 2x = , cos 2x = 2 cos2 x – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2 x
1 − tan 2 x

1 − tan 2 x
cos2 x – sin2 x =
1 + tan 2 x

x3 x5 x7
37. sin x = x – + – + ... (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ... ; | x | < 1
3! 5! 7!
x2 x4 x6
cos x = 1 – + – + ... (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + ...
2! 4! 6!
x2 x3
ex = 1 + x + + + ... (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ...
2! 3!
(1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ...
C+D C−D C+D C−D
38. sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos , sin C – sin D = 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2

C+D C−D C+D D−C

cos C + cos D = 2 cos cos , cos C – cos D = 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2
39. 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A – B), 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)
2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B), 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A – B)
40. sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B, sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B, cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
d 1 d 1
41. (sinh–1 x) = , (cosh–1 x) =
dx 1+ x 2 dx 2
x −1
d 1 d 1
(tanh–1 x) = where | x | < 1, (coth–1 x) = 2 where | x | > 1
dx 1 − x2 dx x −1
d 1 d 1
(sech–1 x) = – , (cosech–1 x) = –
dx x 1− x 2 dx x x2 + 1
42. (cos θ + i sin θ)n = cos nθ + i sin nθ, (cos θ + i sin θ)–n = cos nθ – i sin nθ
 ( xi )

43. sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1, sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1, 1 + cot2 θ = cosec2 θ

44. θ 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°
sin θ 0 1/2 1/ 2 3 /2 1 0 –1 0
cos θ 1 3 /2 1/ 2 1/2 0 –1 0 1
tan θ 0 1/ 3 1 3 ∞ 0 ∞ 0
45. θ 90° – θ 90° + θ π–θ π+θ
sin θ cos θ cos θ sin θ – sin θ
cos θ sin θ – sin θ – cos θ – cos θ
tan θ cot θ – cot θ – tan θ tan θ
a b c
46. sine formula : = =
sin A sin B sin C
b2 + c2 − a2
cosine formula : cos A =
2bc
a+b+c
47. Area of triangle ∆ = s(s − a) (s − b) (s − c) where s =
2
nC
n!
48. r =
r!n− r!

49. z x n dx =
x n+ 1
n+1
+c;n≠–1

z 1
x
dx = log x + c ;
e z e x dx = ex + c ; z a x dx =
ax
log e a
+c

z sin x dx = – cos x + c ; z cos x dx = sin x + c

z tan x dx = log sec x + c ;

z cot x dx = log sin x + c

z sec x dx = log (sec x + tan x) + c = log tan

FG π + x IJ + c
H 4 2K
z cosec x dx = log (cosec x – cot x) + c = log tan
x
+c

z z
2
sec x tan x dx = sec x + c ; cosec x cot x dx = – cosec x + c

50. z a −x
dx
2
FG x IJ + c ;
H a
2 K= sin–1
− dx
a −x
F xI
= cos G J + c
H aK z 2 2
–1

z dx
2
a +x
= tan FG IJ + c ;
1
a 2
x
H aK
− dx
–1
a +x
1
a
F xI
= cot G J + c
H aK z 2 2
–1

z dx
2
a −x
=
1
2a
log G
2
F a + x IJ + c ; dx = 1 log FG x − a IJ + c
H a − xK x −a 2a H x + aK z 2 2

z dx
x x −a 2a 2
F xI
= sec G J + c ;
1
H aK
− dx
–1
x x −a
= cosec G J + c
1
a z
F xI
H aK 2 2
–1
 ( xii )

51. z sech2 x dx = tanh x + c, z cosech2 x dx = – coth x + c

z sinh x dx = cosh x + c, z cosh x dx = sinh x + c

z sech x tanh x dx = – sech x + c, z cosech x coth x dx = – cosech x + c

52. z a2 − x2 dx =
1
2
x a2 − x2 +
1 2
2
x
a sin–1 + c

z
a
1 1
a2 + x 2 dx = x a2 + x2 + a2 log (x + a2 + x2 ) + c

z
2 2
1 1 2
x2 − a2 dx = x x2 − a2 – a log (x + x2 − a2 ) + c
2 2

z dx
a + x2
2
= sinh–1
FG x IJ + c ;
H aK z x −a
dx
2 2
= cosh–1
FG x IJ + c
H aK
53. z b
f ( x) dx =
z b
f ( y) dy ;
z b
f ( x) dx = –
z a
f ( x) dx ,
z a
f ( x) dx =
z a
f (a − x) dx

z
a a a b 0 0

z−a
a
f ( x) dx = 2
R|
S|
T
0
a
f ( x) dx , if f ( x) is even function
0 , if f ( x) is odd function |W
U|
V

z0
2a R
f ( x) dx = |S2
|T
z0
a
f ( x) dx ,
0 ,
if f (2a − x) = f ( x) |
U
V
if f (2a − x) = − f ( x) |W
54. Leibnitz rule for differentiation under the integral sign
d
dx z ψ (α )

φ (α )
f ( x, α) dx =
z ψ (α )

φ (α )
∂
∂α
{ f ( x, α)} dx + f{ψ(α), α}
dψ (α)
dα
– f{φ(α), α}
dφ(α)
dα
→
→ → r xi
+ yj
+ zk

55. If r = xi
+ yj
+ zk
then | r | = 2
x +y +z 2 2 and r
= → =
|r| x 2 + y2 + z 2
–→ –→ –→
56. AB = position vector of B-position vector of A = OB – OA

57.
→ → →
a . b = | a | | b | cos θ ; work done =

→
→

→
z c
→ →
F . dr

→ →
58. a × b = | a | | b | sin θ n

→ → → →
59. Area of parallelogram = a × b , Moment of force = r × F

→→→
a1 a2 a3 → →
→ → → →
60. a . ( b × c ) = [ a b c ] = b1 b2 b3 = (a × b) . c
c1 c2 c3

→ → →
where a = Σ a1 i
, b = Σ b1 i
and c = Σc1 i

→ → → → → →
If a . ( b × c ) = 0 then a , b , c are coplanar.
 ( xiii )

→ → → → → → → → →
61. a × (b × c ) = (a . c) b – (a . b) c
→ → → → → → →
→
62. ( a × b ) . ( c × d ) = a . c a . d
→ → → →
b. c b.d
→ → → → →→→ → →→→ →
63. ( a × b ) × ( c × d ) = [ a b d ] c – [ a b c ] d
64. A (Adj. A) = | A | I 65. AA–1 = I = A–1 A
66. AI = A = IA 67. (ABC)′ = C′B′A′
68. (AB) C = A(BC) ; A(B + C) = AB + AC
69. A + B = B + A ; A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
70. (AB)–1 = B–1A–1
71. Walli’s formula
R| n − 1 . n − 3 . n − 5 ...... 3 . 1 . π
z0
π/2
sin n θ dθ =
z
0
π/2
cos n θ dθ = S n n−2 n−4 4 2 2
|| n . n − 2 . n − 4 ...... 45 . 23
T
n−1 n−3 n−5
if n is even

if n is odd

72. z eax sin bx dx =

eax
a + b2
2 (a sin bx – b cos bx) + c

z eax cos bx dx =
eax
a2 + b2
(a cos bx + b sin bx) + c

73. Γ(1/ 2) = π , Γ(− 1/ 2) = – 2 π

x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
74. log (1 + x) = x – + – + – + ......
2 3 4 5 6
x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
log (1 – x) = – x – – – – – – ......
2 3 4 5 6
75. x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
 SYMBOLS
Greek Alphabets

A α Alpha I ι Iota P ρ Rho

B β Beta K κ Kappa Σ σ Sigma
Γ γ Gamma Λ λ Lambda T τ Tau
∆ δ Delta M µ Mu Y υ Upsilon
E ε Epsilon N ν Nu Φ ϕ Phi
Z ζ Zeta Ξ ξ Xi X χ Chi
H η Eta O ο Omicron Ψ ψ Psi
Θ θ Theta Π π Pi Ω ω Omega
∃ there exists V for all

( xiv )
 A Textbook Of Engineering
Mathematics Sem II (Anna University)
Chennai

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Author : N. P. Bali, Dr
Publisher : Laxmi Publications ISBN : 9789380386669
Manish Goyal

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