Assignment 1 2

CONTENTS:
1)Introduction
2)The basis of the creation of Pakistan
3)Religious Differences
4)Hindu Nationalism
5)Cultural Differences
6)Social Differences
7)Economics Difference
8)Academic Differences
9)Political Differences
1. Hindi Urdu Controversy
2. Congress Attitude
3. Partition of Bengal
10) Language
11) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan-The pioneer of two
nation theory
12) Two nation theory in the view of ALLAM
IQBAL
13) QUAID-E-AZAM’S Statement on two
nation theory
14) Conclusion u
1. Introduction
The Two Nation Theory in its simplest way means the cultural,
political,religious,economic and social dissimilarities between the two
major communities.Hindu and Muslims of the sub continent.These
differences of outlook,in fact,were greatly instrumental in giving rise
to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the
partition of India into two independent states.
2. The basis of the creation of Pakistan

The Two Nation Theory was the basis of the struggle for creation of
Pakistan which held that Hindus and Muslims are two separate
nations. They in spite of living together for centuries could not forget
their individual cultures and civilization. Al-Beruni recorded his ideas
in 1001 A.D in his famous book “Kitab-ul-Hind” as:
“The Hindu society maintained this peculiar character over the
centuries.The two societies,Hindus and Muslims,like two streams
have sometimes touched but never merged,following its separate
nations.
There are a few factors which split the inhabitants of the Sub
continent into two nations.
3. Religious Differences:
The Hindus and Muslims belong to different religions.Islam preaches

Tawheed (oneness of ALLAH) and believes in equality of man before
law. Muslims are the believers of ALLAH, The Holy Prophet ( Hazrat
Muhammad (S.A.W) The Holy Book Quran and hold a cohesive
approach towards life.
Hindus, on the other hand is based on the concept of multiple Gods.
Their society follows a caste system and is divided into four classes
and have a very narrow approach towards life.
4. Hindu Nationalism:
A number of Hindu nationalist movements, which emerged from time

to time in the Indian history, added fuel to the fire by playing up
tension and antagonism which already existed between the two
communities.
The Hindu nationalist leaders totally ignored the great contribution
made by the Muslims in the Indian society by way of promoting
education and other social activities. Their writing and ideas flared up
the communal discord between Hindus and Muslims to further pollute
the political conditions.
5. Cultural Differences:
Muslims followed the Islamic culture while Hindus inherited a self
build culture. The Hindus burn their dead bodies while Muslims
burned them. Hindus considered the“Mother Cow” as a scared animal
and worshiped it while Muslims slaughtered it. They performed‘Sati’
while Muslims abhorred this tradition. The Hindus and Muslims did
not they inter- dine.
6. Social Differences:
The two communities of the Sun Continent differ in their social life as
well. The clothes, the foods, the household utensils, the layout of
homes,the word of salutation, the gesture and everything about them
was different and immediately pointed to their distinctive origins.
7. Economics Differences:
After 1857, the Muslims economic was crushed and all trade policies
were framed in such a way so as to determent the Muslims
condition.They were thrown out of Government services and their
estates and properties were confiscated, while the Hindus were
provided with ample opportunities to progress economically.
8. Academic Differences:
The Hindus had advanced in the educational field because they

quickly and readily took the English education. While Muslims did
not receive modern education which heavily affected economic
conditions.
9. Political Differences:
The political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have

played an important role in the development and evaluation of Two
Nation Theory.
i. Hindi Urdu Controversy:
In 1867, Hindus demanded that Urdu should be written in Hindi

script instead of Persian script. This created another gap between
Hindus and Muslims.
ii. Congress Attitude:

The Indian national Congress was founded in 1885,its claimed to
represent all communities of India but oppressed all Muslims ideas
and supported the Hindus.
iii. Partition of Bengal:

In 1905,the partition of Bengal ensured a number of political
benefits for the Muslims, but the Hindus launched an agitation
against the partition and partition was annualled in 1911.
10. Language:
The Muslims and Hindus wrote and spoke two different languages. The
language of the former was urdu and it was written in Arabic script. On
the other hand, the Hindi language was spoken by Hindus and it was
written in Sanskrit. Urdu and Hindi language had the differences in
writing, thoughts of poetry, arts, painting and words of music. Even this
small difference lead to a stirring conflict between the two nations.
11. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan-The Pioneer of Two

Nation Theory:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the pioneer of two nation theory, used the
word’two nationa’ for Hindus and Muslims after being convinced of
the Hindus and Congress hatred, hostility and prejudice for the
Muslims.
The entire freedom movement revolved around the two nation theory
which was introduced by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He considered all
those lived in India as one nation and was a great advocate of Hindu-
Muslims unity. Speaking at the meeting of Indian Association he said:
“I look to both Hindu and Muslims with the same eyes and consider
them as my own eyes. By the word‘Nation’ I mean only Hindus and
Muslims and nothing else, We, Hindus and Muslims live together on
the same soil under the same government. Our interests and problems
are common, and therefore I consider the two factions as one nation.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan did his best to make the Muslims realize their
differences with the Hindus with regard to religious, social and
language national and international identity and for this purpose he
diverted attention of the Indian Muslims towards a new idea of “Two
Nation or Two entities ”After Hindi-Urdu controversy Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan felt that it was not possible for Hindus and Muslims to
progress as a single nationa. He said:
“I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become
one nation as their religion and way of life was quite distinct from
each other.”
12. Two Nation Theory In The View of Allama

Iqbal:
Allama Iqbal was the first important figure who propounded the idea
of separate homeland on the basis of two nation theory. He frimrly
believed in the separate identity of the Muslims as a nationa and
suggested that there would be no possiblity of peace in the country
unless and untill they were recognised as a nationa . In the annual
session of Muslim league at Allahabad in 1930, he said:
“ India is a continent of human beings belonging to different
languages and professing different religious, I therefore, demand the
formation of a consolidated Muslims state in the best interests of the
Muslims of India and Islam.”
13. Quaid-e-Azam’s Statement on Two Nation

Theory:
The most clear and empathetic exposition is found in Jinnah’s and

speeches. He expounded the two nation theory in such detail that most
Muslims and even some Hindus came to believe in its truth. He declared:
“ Muslims are not a minority, They are one nation by every definition of
the word nation. By all canons of international law we are a nation.”
Quaid-e-Azam reiterated that Hindus and Muslims could ever evolve a
common nationality was on idle dream. They are a totally different
nationa. They have an unbridgeable gulf between them and they stand
miles apart in regards to their ideals, culture and religion in 1973,he said:
“Hindustan is neither one country, nor it’s inhabitants one nation. This is
Sub Continent which consist of many nations of which the Hindus and
Muslims are two major nationas.”
Conclusion:
The Muslims apprehended that they would lose their identity if they
remained apart of Hindus society. They also came to realize the above
mentioned differences between them and the Hindus and hence demanded
separate electorate on the ground that they were different nation from
Hindus. Hence it is right to say that this theory two nation theory is the
basis of the creation of Pakistan because without this as a base Pakistan
would not come into being on 14 August,1947, and we would not be
breathing freely in this open air of Pakistan.

Assignment 1 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment 1 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment 1 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CONTENTS:

2. The basis of the creation of Pakistan

The Hindus and Muslims belong to different religions.Islam preaches

A number of Hindu nationalist movements, which emerged from time

The Hindus had advanced in the educational field because they

The political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have

i. Hindi Urdu Controversy:

In 1867, Hindus demanded that Urdu should be written in Hindi

ii. Congress Attitude:

iii. Partition of Bengal:

11. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan-The Pioneer of Two

12. Two Nation Theory In The View of Allama

13. Quaid-e-Azam’s Statement on Two Nation

The most clear and empathetic exposition is found in Jinnah’s and

You might also like