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    Factors Leading To Muslim Separatism

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    Abubakar Kamal
    There were several key factors that contributed to Muslim separatism in India, including religious, cultural, social, economic, educational, political, and language differences between Muslims and Hindus. Muslims followed Islam which believes in equality before the law and one God, while Hindus followed a religion based on multiple gods and a caste system. Politically, the Indian National Congress did not adequately represent Muslim ideas and interests. Linguistically, Urdu and Hindi used different scripts and had divergent evolution. Due to these various differences, Muslims felt they would lose their distinct identity if they remained within Hindu society in India and demanded self-determination in the form of a separate homeland.

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    Factors Leading To Muslim Separatism

    Uploaded by

    Abubakar Kamal
    51 views3 pages
    There were several key factors that contributed to Muslim separatism in India, including religious, cultural, social, economic, educational, political, and language differences between Muslims and Hindus. Muslims followed Islam which believes in equality before the law and one God, while Hindus followed a religion based on multiple gods and a caste system. Politically, the Indian National Congress did not adequately represent Muslim ideas and interests. Linguistically, Urdu and Hindi used different scripts and had divergent evolution. Due to these various differences, Muslims felt they would lose their distinct identity if they remained within Hindu society in India and demanded self-determination in the form of a separate homeland.

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    Factors leading to Muslim Separatism

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    There were several key factors that contributed to Muslim separatism in India, including religious, cultural, social, economic, educational, political, and language differences between Muslims and Hindus. Muslims followed Islam which believes in equality before the law and one God, while Hindus followed a religion based on multiple gods and a caste system. Politically, the Indian National Congress did not adequately represent Muslim ideas and interests. Linguistically, Urdu and Hindi used different scripts and had divergent evolution. Due to these various differences, Muslims felt they would lose their distinct identity if they remained within Hindu society in India and demanded self-determination in the form of a separate homeland.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views3 pages

    Factors Leading To Muslim Separatism

    Uploaded by

    Abubakar Kamal
    There were several key factors that contributed to Muslim separatism in India, including religious, cultural, social, economic, educational, political, and language differences between Muslims and Hindus. Muslims followed Islam which believes in equality before the law and one God, while Hindus followed a religion based on multiple gods and a caste system. Politically, the Indian National Congress did not adequately represent Muslim ideas and interests. Linguistically, Urdu and Hindi used different scripts and had divergent evolution. Due to these various differences, Muslims felt they would lose their distinct identity if they remained within Hindu society in India and demanded self-determination in the form of a separate homeland.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Factors leading to Muslim Separatism:

    There are a few factors which split the inhabitants of the sub continent into two
    nations.

    RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCE

    The Muslims and Hindus have different religious. Islam preaches Tauheed and
    believes in equality of man before law. Muslims have believed of ALLAH, Holy
    Prophet (P.B.U.H). The Holy Book holds a cohesive approach towards life. Whole
    the Hindus follow the religion which is based on the concept of multiple Gods.
    They follow a caste system and the society is divided into four classes.

    CULTURE DIFFERENCE

    Muslims follow an Islamic culture while Hindus follow self built culture. Muslims
    burry their dead ones while Hindus burn them. Both Hindus and Muslims have
    totally opposite culture.

    SOCIAL DIFFERENCE

    There exist a number of social differences between the Hindus and Muslims. The
    food, their clothing, words and salutations, the gestures are totally different.

    ECONOMIC DIFFERENCE

    After 1857, Muslims economy was crushed and all the trade policies were formed
    in such a way so as to destroy the Muslims ambition. They were thrown out of
    Government services and their estate and properties were confiscated. However
    the Hindus were provided ample opportunities to make program.

    Self respect and dignity

    Hindus always hated muslims and they never want Muslims to get success in any
    field of life .British government played a vital role in keeping Muslims backward
    by eliminating all job vacancies in subcontinent.It was necessary for them to
    demand for a separate homeland where they have complete free atmosphere to
    live a perfect religious life with perfect self respect and dignity.

    EDUCATIONAL DIFFERENCE
    The Hindus had advanced in educational field because they readily acquired
    English education. The Muslims were not able to acquire modern knowledge so
    they lacked behind in education.

    POLITICAL DIFFERENCE

    There were many political differences which gave both to the partition of India.

    Political Differences

    The political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have played an
    important role in the development and evolution of Two Nation Theory.

    (i) Hindi Urdu Controversy

    In 1867,Hindus demands that Urdu should be written in Hindi Script instead of


    Arabic script.This created another gap between Hindus and Muslims.

    (ii) Congress Attitude

    The Indian national Congress was founded in 1885.It claimed to represent all
    communities of India but oppressed all Muslim ideas and supported the Hindus.

    (iii) Partition of Bengal

    In 1905,the partition of Bengal ensured a number of political benefits for the


    Muslims,but the Hindus launched an agitation against the partition and partition
    was annulled in 1911.

    Language

    Hindus and Muslims have different languages. The Muslims and Hindus wrote and
    spoke two different languages .The language of the former was Urdu and it was
    written in Arabic Script.On the other hand ,the Hindi language was spoken by
    Hindus and it was written in Sanskrit.Urdu and Hindi language had the difference
    in writing,thoughts of poetry,arts,painting and words of music.Even this small
    difference lead to a stirring conflict between the two nations.

    CONCLUSION

    The Muslims apprehended that they would lose their identity if they remained a
    part of Hindu society.They also came to realize the above mentioned differences
    between them and the Hindus and hence demanded separate electorate on the
    ground that they were different nation from Hindus.

    Hence it is right to say that this theory i.e two nation theory is the basis of the
    creation of Pakistan.

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