Pak Study Assignment1

introduction to Two Nation:
The word “NATION” is derived from Latin route “NATUS” of “NATIO” which means “Birth”
of “Born”. Therefore, Nation implies homogeneous population of the people who are organized
and blood-related. Today the word NATION is used in a wider sense.
Two Nation Theory:

“The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and
social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the
Subcontinent.”
The two-nation theory means that the Hindus and the Muslims are two different nations. On the
basis of two-nation theory the Quaid-e-Azam demanded the partition of India into two states, a
Muslim state to be called Pakistan and the other Hindu India that is Bharat.
FACTORS BEHIND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TWO NATION

THEORY:
1) Religious Differences
2) Hindu Nationalism
3) Cultural Differences
4) Social differences
5) Economic Differences
6) Educational Differences
7) Political Differences
8) Language
Religious Differences
MUSLIMS BELIEVES
 Islam preaches Tawheed (oneness of Allah) and believes that Allah is the creator of the
universe.
 Muslims are the believers of Allah, the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) the messenger of Allah.
 Muslims firmly believe on the Holy book Quran (complete code of life) and the life
hereafter.
HINDUS BELIEVES
 Hindu believes in many gods. They have thousands of gods.

 Prophets (or rishi) are people who see god. They teach about god. And they have
characteristics of god.
 Their writings are called Vedas.
Hindu Nationalism
 A number of Hindu nationalist movements were started in the subcontinent that added fuel
to the fire, and increased the conflict between the two communities.
 The Hindu nationalist leaders totally ignored the great contribution of Muslims in the Indian
society and push the Muslims on one side.
 There was also some movements that aimed to merge the Muslims with Hindu culture.
 A number of Hindu nationalist movements were started in the subcontinent that added fuel
to the fire, and increased the conflict between the two communities.
 The Hindu nationalist leaders totally ignored the great contribution of Muslims in the Indian
society and push the Muslims on one side.
 There was also some movements that aimed to merge the Muslims with Hindu culture.
Cultural Differences
SLAMIC CULTURE
 Muslim followed the Islamic culture.

 Muslims buried their dead bodies.
 Muslims slaughtered the cow.
 Muslims abhorred the tradition of ‘Sati’.
 In Islam every human beings are equal.
HINDU CULTURE
 Hindus inherited a self-build culture.

 The Hindus burnt their dead bodies.
 Hindus considered the ‘Mother cow’ as a sacred animal.
 They performed ‘Sati’ and worshipped.
 There exists a caste system in Hindus.
Social differences
 The two communities of the Sub Continent differ in their social life.
 The clothes, the foods, the household utensils, the construction of homes, the words of
greeting, the gestures and everything about them was different and immediately
represented to their distinctive origin.
 The moral values, ethics and norms of both the communities are totally different.
Economic Differences
MUSLIMS
 There is a proper check and balance of economy in Islam.

 Zakat aushur is compulsory for Muslims.
 Interest (suut) is strictly forbade in Islam.
 Muslims were thrown outside the government sector, they were financially week.
HINDUS
 No check and balance.

 No concept of Zakat in Hindus religion.
 No concept of interest.
 The Hindus were provided with ample opportunities to progress economically.
Educational Differences
MUSLIMS
Muslims did not receive modern education which heavily affected their economic conditions.
They could not cope with the society because they ignore the modern education.
HINDUS
The Hindus were advanced in the educational field because they quickly and readily took to the
English education.
They occupied the best social status because of the modern education.
Political Differences
The political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have played an important role in the
evolution of Two Nation Theory.
(I) Hindi Urdu Controversy In 1867: Hindus demanded that Urdu should be written in Hindi Script
instead Urdu Script. This created another gap between Hindus and Muslims.
(ii) Congress Attitude: The Indian national Congress was founded in 1885. It claimed to represent
all communities of India but oppressed all Muslim ideas and supported the Hindu
(iii) Partition of Bengal In 1905: the partition of Bengal ensured a number of political benefits for
the Muslims, but the Hindus launched an agitation against the partition and partition was
annulled in 1911.
Language
MUSLIMS
The language of the Muslims was Urdu and it was written in Arabic Script.
Urdu language had the difference in writing, thoughts of poetry, arts, painting and words of
music. Even this small difference lead to a stirring conflict between the two nations.
HINDUS
Hindi language was spoken by Hindus and it was written in Sanskrit.
Hindi language had its own way of writing in every art which is quite different from urdu.
Conclusion
The Muslims realized that they would lose their religious and cultural identity if they remained a
part of British India. They also able to understand the above mentioned differences between
them and hence demanded a separate homeland on the ground where they freely practiced their
religion in accordance with Quran and Sunnah and Islamic teachings. They demanded a piece of
land where their property and life would be safeguarded and secure.

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introduction to Two Nation:

Two Nation Theory:

FACTORS BEHIND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TWO NATION

 Hindu believes in many gods. They have thousands of gods.

 Muslim followed the Islamic culture.

 Hindus inherited a self-build culture.

 There is a proper check and balance of economy in Islam.

 No check and balance.

Hindi language was spoken by Hindus and it was written in Sanskrit.

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