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    Masha MCHA 032 Semester 1 Test and Memo 2022

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    Masha MCHA 032 Semester 1 Test and Memo 2022

    Uploaded by

    Tshiamo Motaung
    1 views6 pages
    chem

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    Masha MCHA 032 Semester 1 Test and Memo 2022 (1)

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    chem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    1 views6 pages

    Masha MCHA 032 Semester 1 Test and Memo 2022

    Uploaded by

    Tshiamo Motaung
    chem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    2022

    QUESTION
    PAPER
    SEFAKO MAKGATHO HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
    ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION MANAGEMENT

    SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    SUBJECT NAME: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TYPE OF EXAMINATION: Semester Test 1 X

    SUBJECT CODE: MCHA 032


    COURSE: BSc 3 PAPER NUMBER:

    DATE OF TEST ONE: DURATION: 3 HOURS


    23/03/22
    NUMBER OF STUDENTS: TOTAL MARKS: 57

    INTERNAL EXAMINERS DR DM MOLEFE


    PARTICULARS:

    THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF (02) PAGES INCLUDING COVER PAGE.

    Please Please indicate the


    Stationary
    Specified Instructions to students confirm quantity per student
    what you
    1. Answer ALL questions 4 PAGE BOOK


    2. Write neatly and legibly 8 PAGE BOOK
    QUESTION 1 MARKS

    (a) Define the following terms:

    i. Releasing agent
    [2]
    A releasing agent is a cation which preferentially reacts with a species that
    would otherwise
    react with the analyte to cause a chemical interference

    ii. Protective agent


    [2]
    Protective agents prevent interference by forming stable and volatile products with
    the analyte

    iii. Sputtering [2]

    A process in which gaseous cations bombard a cathode and eject atoms from the cathode
    into the gas phase
    (i)
    (ii) The components and configurations of various types of instruments for optical spectroscopic
    measurements are shown in the figure. Name the type of spectroscopy associated with each
    configuration and write only two significant facts on each.

    ANSWER:
    a) Absorption spectroscopy (1)
    b) Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
    c) Emission spectroscopy (1)
    (6)
    NB!!! (2 Marks for each two significant facts on each) to make the total (6) marks

    In a) the source of radiation of the selected wavelength is sent through the sample and the
    transmitted radiation is measured by a the detector-signal processing readout unit

    In b) 2 wavelength selectors are needed to select excitation and emission wavelength. The
    selected source of radiation is incident on on the sample and the radiation emitted is
    measured, usually at right angles to avoid scattering

    In c) here a source of thermal energy such as a flame or plasma, produces an analyte


    vapour that emits radiation isolated by the wavelength selector and converted to an
    electrical signal by the detector.

    QUESTION 2 MARKS

    a) Discuss the principle of source modulation shortly [6]

    Source Modulation
     In a typical AA instrument, interferences caused by emission of radiation from the flame needs
    to be eliminated.
     Much is already removed by the monochromator however, radiation emitted at the same
    wavelength as the absorption measurement is inevitably present in the flame due to flame gas
    species emission.
     By modulating the source the detector will receive two signals intermittently:
    o Po signal due to analyte absorption + flame emission lines
    o Flame emission lines only.
     The two signals can then be electronically subtracted

    b) How is source modulation applied in practice? [3]


    Modulation can be effected by
     A “circular metal disk” or a “CHOPPER” between the source and the flame.
     Rotating the disk or vane at a constant known rate provides a beam that is chopped to the
    desired frequency
     Operate the power source intermittently so that the source is switched on and off at the desired
    frequency

    QUESTION 3 MARKS

    Describe by drawing a neatly labelled diagram set of interconnected processes that occur in the flame during
    atomisation (12)
    QUESTION 4 MARKS

    Discuss fully the combination of gases mostly used in atomic absorption spectrophotometer. (6)

    air/acetylene where the air is the oxidant and acetylene is the fuel. (Temperature: maximum 23000C)

    And nitrous oxide/acetylene in which the nitrous oxide is oxidant and acetylene is the fuel.
    (Temperature: maximum 29000C)

    QUESTION 5 9 MARKS

    Draw a neatly labelled flame structure showing regions in the flame (6)

    Blue luminescence due


    t
    C
    o 2 ; CH and other radicals
    :

    The burner head is made up of titanium material, why? (2)


    (ii) Name and discuss the four types you studied. (12)

    1. The 5 cm single wide slot burner used for reduced sensitivity. This burner head can be used only for air-
    acetylene operation.
    2. The 5 cm single slot burner used for nitrous oxide-acetylene flames. However, on some spectrometers, this
    burner can also be used with air-acetylene or air-hydrogen.
    3. The 10 cm single slot burner for air-acetylene flames. Its long burner path length provide best sensitivity.
    4. The 3 parallel slot burner used for those elements very difficult to atomize. The central flame is shielded
    by the outer flames and minimise cooling by entrained air.

    THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

    1
    H
    1.01
    3 4 5 6 7 8
    Li Be B C N O
    6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00
    11 12 13 14 15 P 16 S
    Na Mg Al Si 30.97 32.07
    22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09
    19 K 20 21 22 23 V 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
    39.10 Ca Sc Ti 50.95 Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
    40.01 44.96 47.87 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96
    37 38 Sr 39 Y 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
    Rb 87.62 88.91 Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
    85.47 91.22 92.91 95.94 98.91 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 1

    55 56 57 72 Hf 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
    Cs Ba La 178.49 Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po
    132.91 137.33 138.91 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20 208.98 208.98 2

    87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 Mt


    Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs 266
    223.02 226.03 227.03 261.11 262.11 263.12 262.12 265

    58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Er 69 70
    Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho 167.26 Tm Yb
    140.12 140.91 144.24 144.91 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 168.93 173.94 17
    90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
    Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
    232.04 231.04 238.03 237.05 244.06 243.06 247.07 247.07 251.08 252.08 257.10 258.10 259.10 26

    END OF TEST!!!

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