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    Digestive System

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    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

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    4 views43 pages

    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    veralorrainefule

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 43

    t e e t h

    S T O M A C H
    S m a l l
    I n t e s t i n e
    I N G E S T I O N
    Small Intestine Stomach
    Digestive System

    Ingestion teet
    Why do we need 
    to eat?
    A healthful diet satis es three needs
    Basic structure and function of a GI tract
    Anatomy of the Digestive System
    Digestion occurs in specialized compa ments
    • Food is
    digested in
    compa ments
    housing
    hydrolytic
    enzymes
    • Most animals
    have a
    specialized
    digestive tract
    Describe the anatomy of the digestive
    system
    Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy
    8
    9
    7
    1 6
    0
    5
    11
    What is the connection between animal diet and teeth in
    animals?

    Name the tooth and give its function


    Physiology of the oral cavity
    Pha nx Anatomy

    1
    2 What is the
    function?
    3
    Physiology of the Pha nx
    Tongue Bolus of food
    Epiglottis Epiglottis
    Pha nx up down
    La nx Esophageal La nx La nx
    Trachea sphincter up down
    (windpipe) Esophagus Esophagus
    Sphincter contracted Sphincter relaxed Sphincter contracted

    Figure 21.6
    Anatomy of the Esophagus

    Describe the
    physiology of
    the
    esophagus?
    Physiology of the Esophagus
    e esophagus squeezes food along to the stomach
    Peristalsis in the esophagus moves food boluses into the
    stomach
    Stomach Anatomy
    Food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter
    Food empties into the small intestine at the pyloric
    sphincter
    Stomach Physiology
    Stomach Physiology
    Stomach Physiology
    e stomach stores food and breaks it down with
    acid and enzymes
    Small Intestine
    • e body’s major
    digestive organ
    • Site of nutrient
    absorption into the
    blood
    • Muscular tube
    extending form the
    pyloric sphincter to
    the ileocecal valve
    Anatomy of the Small Intestine
    • Duodenum
    – Attached to the
    stomach
    – Cu es around the
    head of the pancreas
    • Jejunum
    – Absorbs
    carbohydrates and
    proteins
    • Ileum
    – Absorbs fats, Vitamin
    B12, bile salts
    Microvilli

    Microvilli are folds on the small intestine lining that increase


    the su ace area to facilitate the absorption of nutrients.
    Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine
    •Source of enzymes
    that are mixed with
    chyme
    – Intestinal cells
    – Pancreas
    •Bile enters from the
    gall bladder
    Final and complete digestion of food happen in the small
    intestine

    Table 21.10
    Anatomy of the Large Intestine
    • Larger in diameter, but sho er than the small intestine
    • Does not pa icipate in digestion of food
    Physiology of the Large Intestine
    •Absorption of water
    •food
    Eliminates
    from indigestible
    the body as
    feces
    •mucus
    Goblet tocellsactproduce
    as a
    lubricant
    e large intestine reclaims water
    • Undigested
    material passes Large
    intestine
    (colon)
    to the large
    intestine, or
    colon End
    – Water is of small
    intestine
    Small
    intestine
    absorbed Rectum

    – Feces are Anus

    produced Appendix
    Nutrient
    ow
    Cecum
    Figure 21.11
    Anatomy of the Large Intestine
    •Cecum – saclike rst pa
    of the large intestine
    •Appendix - Accumulation
    of lymphatic tissue that
    sometimes becomes
    in amed (appendicitis
    • Hangs from the
    cecum
    Bacteria in Colon
    • ese are harmless
    unless they escape into
    the abdominal cavity
    • Save some energy from
    carbohydrate not
    digested in the upper
    gut through
    fermentation
    • Some produce Vitamin K
    , which is absorbed
    through the intestinal
    wall.
    •Rectum
    – the terminal end of the large
    intestine.
    – Role: to store the feces until
    defecation.
    – e feces are propelled using
    peristaltic movements during
    elimination.
    •Anus
    – an opening at the far-end of
    the digestive tract, is the exit
    point for the waste material.
    – Inner sphincter is involunta
    – Outer sphincter is volunta .
    • More energy
    is required
    for an active
    life
    – Excess
    energy is
    stored as
    glycogen or
    fat
    Table 21.14

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