SBL100/Minor/01

SBL100 MINOR EXAMINATION

14TH SEPTEMBER 2023 FROM 08:00 am – 10:00 am

Each question carries (+)1 point for a correct answer and (-)0.25 point for an incorrect answer

NAME _______________________________Roll No. ______________________ Lab Slot_________

1. Suppose you are given a protein molecule with 112 amino acids. What is the
minimum length of mRNA that would be required to make this protein.

a) 224

b) 336

c) 448

d) 560

2. Out of the following 10 nucleotide long DNA strand given below, which one
will form the strongest dsDNA molecule?

a) ATCGTAAAAC

b) ATGGGAATTA

c) GCGAGTGAAC

d) CATGAATGAT

3. A heterozygous corn plant goes under self-fertilization to produce the

offspring. Which of the following is correct representation of the offspring that
follows Mendelian genetics?

a) 250 homozygous dominant, 125 heterozygous dominant, 125 heterozygous

recessive

b) 250 homozygous dominant, 500 heterozygous dominant, 125 heterozygous

recessive

c) 125 homozygous dominant, 250 heterozygous dominant, 125 heterozygous

recessive

d) 500 homozygous dominant, 250 heterozygous dominant, 125 heterozygous

recessive

4. According to Lamarckian evolution, people who use right hand to do heavy

work will:

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a) get more sweat pores in the right hand

b) get bigger right arm

c) loose functioning of left hand

d) get thick subcutaneous fat in their palms

5. The picture below shows the three selection rules. The black curve in each
case represents population distribution before selection and grey curve
represents population distribution after selection. Which of the following is
correct:

a) A is stabilizing, B is directional, and C is diversifying

b) A is bidirectional, B is stabilizing, and C is stabilizing

c) A is diversifying, B is stabilizing, and C is directional

d) A is directional, B is directional, C is bidirectional

6. In below image you can see the image of organs of different species. What
is the correct statement with respect to the image

a) All the organs have similar use, hence similar structure

b) Evolution of different species developing similar function

c) Same origin, similar function

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d) Same origin, different function

7. Imagine you are conducting an experiment on the impact of wing clipping

on pigeons. You clip the wings of a male and female pigeon, and then continue
to clip the wings of every generation of pigeons produced for 25 generations.
However, in the 26th generation, you observe that the pigeons are still able to
fly. What does this observation disprove?

a) Natural selection

b) Synthetic growth

c) Survival of the fittest

d) Acquired characteristics

8. How is the osmotic pressure balance is maintained in a cell?

a) The cell membrane acts as a barrier for water to pass

b) Glucose pump maintains the osmotic balance

c) The Na+-K+ pumps maintain osmotic balance

d) Free water diffusion allows for no pressure buildup

9. Assertion (A): There are twenty amino acids which occur in proteins. The
chemical and physical properties of amino acids are essentially of the amino,
carboxyl groups and the R functional groups.

Reason (R): Based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups there may be
acidic, basic and neutral amino acids. In the context of above statements,
select the correct one:

a) Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is explanation of (A).

b) (A) is true but (R) is not necessarily true.

c) Both (A) and (R) are true. but (R) is not an explanation of (A).

d) (A) is true but (R) is false.

10. Suppose you need to inject a drug inside a cell with the help of
microinjection. This means passing a needle through the plasma membrane.
Which of the following statement is true:

a) Needle ruptures the membrane, triggering the membrane proteins to heal it.

b) The hole is repaired on its own

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c) The tiny size of microinjection doesn’t create any damage

d) The immune response of cell kicks into action leading to membrane repair

11. Which of the following is not true for a cell membrane:

a) Membrane components can have lateral diffsuion

b) Membrane components can have transverse diffusion

c) Membrane proteins accounts for more than 50% mass of cell membrane

d) Most of the components require channels pass from one side of membrane to
another side

12. A case was reported about a mix-up of babies at the hospital. The doctors
utilized blood groups to resolve the issue. The parents' blood group genotypes
were IAi and IAIB. Can you determine the blood group of the child who was
mistakenly assigned to them?

a) A

b) B

c) AB

d) O

13. In DNA double helix, the two DNA chains are held together by

a) covalent bonds between the pair of bases.

b) hydrogen bonds between the pair of bases.

c) ionic bonds between the pair of bases.

d) hydrophobic interactions between the base pairs.

14. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

a) Two strands of DNA are anti-parallel

b) DNA is present in the nucleus of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

c) DNA runs from 5’ to 3’

d) Sequence of bases carries the genetic info

15. Many cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. Why might this be?

a) Because animal cells only exist in the multicellular form

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b) Because animal cells are capable of movement

c) Because animal cells do not need structural support

d) Because animal cells can control osmotic pressure

16. Which question were the scientists trying to answer with this experiment
show in image?

a) What gave rise to the Eukaryotic cell?

b) Which came first – RNA or proteins?

c) How were biomolecules formed?

d) Where did cells originate?

17. Denaturation of protein involves-

a) Loss of tertiary structure of proteins

b) Loss of primary structure of proteins

c) Breaking of dipeptide bonds

d) Introduction of mutations

18. What is responsible for the secondary structure of the proteins?

a) Hydrophobic interactions

b) Ionic interactions

c) Hydrogen bonding

d) All of the above

19. What is not true regarding Quaternary structure of protein

a) It involves the clustering of several individual peptide or protein chains into a

final specific shape.

b) Removing the protein subunits can still maintain functionality of respective

subunits

c) Quaternary structure involves assembly of same kind of protein subunits

d) All type of bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic

interactions and disulfide bridges play a role

20. Given are the four statements regarding carbohydrate?

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(1) Storage

(2) Structural framework

(3) Transport Materials

(4) Functional role in plants

Which of the above is true:

a) All are true

b) Only (1), (2) and (4) are true
c) Only (1) and (2) are true
d) Only (2), (3) and (4) are true

21. The diagram below represents type of carbohydrates. Which is correct?

a) A is L-sugar, B is D-sugar

b) A is amylose, B is amylopectin

c) A is D-sugar, B is L-sugar

d) A is amylopectin, B is Amylose

22. Monosaccharides that only differ by the location of carbonyl group are
called

a) Stereoisomers

b) α-sugar and β-sugar

c) Aldose and ketose

d) Maltose and Glactose

23. Why do histones have high content of lysine and arginine?

a) Lysine and arginine are non-polar and thus does not influence DNA packaging

b) Lysine and arginine have specific DNA binding sites that holds DNA tightly

c) Lysine and arginine have hydrophobic residues that helps in folding of

histones away from solution

d) Lysine and arginine have charged residues that helps DNA packaging

24. Degeneracy of genetic code implies that

a) Codons do not code for specific amino acids

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b) Multiple codons must decode the same amino acids

c) Specific codon decodes many amino acids

d) mRNA always leads to mature protein formation

25. In variolation, individuals are intentionally exposed to a small amount of

the disease-causing agent. What is the goal of this practice?

a) To prevent any exposure to the disease.

b) To produce a milder form of the disease.

c) To stimulate the body's immune response without infection.

d) To eliminate the pathogen from the body completely.

26. What is the primary purpose of pasteurization in the food and beverage
industry?

a) To enhance the flavor of the product.

b) To extend the shelf life of the product.

c) To increase the nutritional value of the product.

d) To improve the product's texture.

27. According to Koch's postulates, which of the following is an essential

criterion to establish a causative relationship between a microorganism and a
disease?

a) The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in pure
culture.

b) The microorganism must be observed under a microscope.

c) The disease must be treated with antibiotics.

d) The microorganism must be large and easily visible to the naked eye.

28. What is the function of bacterial pili?

a) Protection against antibiotics

b) Attachment to surfaces and other cells

c) Synthesis of cell membrane

d) Synthesis of cell wall

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29. Which of the following bacterial structures is not found in all bacterial
cells?

a) Cell membrane

b) Ribosomes

c) Capsule

d) Nucleoid

30. Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the
fever response to endotoxins?

a) The hypothalamus produces endotoxins in response to infection.

b) The hypothalamus detects elevated body temperature and initiates fever as a

protective response.

c) The hypothalamus responds to endotoxins by releasing antipyretic chemicals

to lower body temperature.

d) The hypothalamus plays no role in fever regulation.

31. Which of the following statements about bacterial exotoxins is FALSE?

a) Exotoxins are typically released by live bacteria.

b) Exotoxins are often composed of proteins.

c) Exotoxins can be neutralized by antitoxins.

d) Exotoxins are found in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria.

32. Identify the right structural components of the bacteria

a) Flagella – A; Plasmid – H; Nucleoid – E; Cytoplasm -C; Pili - D

b) Pili -A; Chromatin – H; Nucleus – E; Ribosome – C; Fimbria - D

c) Flagella – A; RNA – H; Nucleus -E; Cytoplasm – C; Pili – D

d) Pili – A; DNA – H, Nucleus – E; Ribosome -C; Flagella – D

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33. If the R₀ value for a particular disease is greater than 1, what does this
indicate?

a) The disease is not contagious.

b) The disease is spreading rapidly in the population.

c) The disease is easy to treat and control.

d) The disease has a long incubation period.

34. What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-
negative bacteria that allows for differentiation using Gram staining?

a) Presence of a cell membrane

b) Presence of a capsule

c) Composition of the cell wall

d) Presence of pili

35. How does cholera toxin primarily cause its characteristic symptoms of
profuse watery diarrhea?

a) By directly damaging the intestinal lining

b) By decreasing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on the

intestinal lining.

c) By inhibiting the adenylate cyclase and cAMP in the intestinal lumen.

d) By increasing the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen

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