Practice Sheet Impulse and Momentum

9 Momentum and Its Conservation
ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON

Write the Encounter the Phenomenon question for this module.
Use the “What I Know” column to list the things you know about the Encounter the Phenomenon
question. Then list the questions you have about the Encounter the Phenomenon question in the
“What I Want to Find Out” column. As you read the module, fill in the “What I Learned” column.
K W L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

137
Momentum and Its Conservation
1 Impulse and Momentum
REVIEW Recall and write the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
VOCABULARY
angular velocity
angular velocity
NEW VOCABULARY Use your book to fill in the term that matches each definition.
the product of the average net force on an object and the time
interval over which it acts
the product of the object’s mass (m) and the object’s velocity (v )
states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its

momentum
the product of a rotating object’s moment of inertia and angular velocity
states that an angular impulse on an object is equal to the change in

the object’s angular momentum
Complete the diagram to identify two ways to write the equation for
impulse.
F∆t

in terms of in terms of
velocity momentum

138
1 Impulse and Momentum (continued)
Describe the impulse-momentum theorem by completing the diagram.
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
relates
change in
and
on an object
which is the which is the

product of product of
and and
Write a sentence about each of the following properties of an impulse.
Its direction
Impulse
How it is determined from a force-time graph
Use with Example TRY IT !

Problem 1. Problem
A skateboarder traveling at 4.45 m/s can be stopped by a strong force

Use this column for
in 1.82 s and by a weak force in 5.34 s. The mass of the skateboarder
scratch work and
and the skateboard is 53.6 kg. What is the impulse on the skateboarder?
sketches.
What is the average force on the skateboarder in each of these stops?
1. ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE PROBLEM
KNOWNS UNKNOWNS
m= =?
∆vi = ∆vf = =?
∆tStrong force = ∆tWeak force = =?

139
2. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWNS
Determine the initial and final momentum.
Apply the impulse-momentum theorem to determine the impulse.
Use the impulse to determine the force needed to stop the skateboarder.
3. EVALUATE THE ANSWER

• Explain why the magnitude of the force is realistic considering
the times.
Summarize a way that angular momentum is important for ice skating.

140
Use with Example TRY IT !
Problem 2.
Problem
Use this column for An object spins with an angular momentum of 8.9 kg⋅m2/s. A torque
scratch work and on the object causes it to slow to a stop in 5.2 s. What was the
sketches. angular impulse on the object? What was the average torque on it?
1. ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE PROBLEM
KNOWNS UNKNOWNS
Li = Lf = =?
∆t = =?
2. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWNS

Determine the angular impulse from the change in angular momentum.
Apply the impulse-momentum theorem to determine the impulse.

3. EVALUATE THE ANSWER

• Is the unit of torque correct?
• Is the magnitude of the torque realistic?

141
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
9. Momentum Which has more momentum, a truck that is parked or a falling
raindrop? Explain.
10. M
omentum Is the momentum of a car traveling south different from that of the
same car when it travels north at the same speed? Draw the momentum vectors to
support your answer.
11. Impulse and Momentum When you jump from a height to the ground, you let your
legs bend at the knees as your feet hit the floor. Explain why you do this in terms of
the physics concepts introduced in this module.
12. I mpulse and Momentum A 0.174-kg softball is pitched horizontally at 26.0 m/s. The
ball moves in the opposite direction at 38.0 m/s after it is hit by the bat.
a. Draw arrows showing the ball's momentum

before and after the bat hits it.
b. What is the change in momentum of the ball?

c. What is the impulse delivered by the bat?
d. If the bat and ball are in contact for 0.80 ms,

what is the average force the bat exerts?

142
13. M
omentum The speed of a basketball as it is dribbled is the same just before and just
after the ball hits the floor. Is the impulse on and the change in momentum of the
basketball equal to zero when the basketball hits the floor? If not, in which direction is
the change in momentum? Draw the ball’s momentum vectors before and after impact.
14. Frame of Reference Why is momentum defined for a particular frame of reference?
Explain.
15. A
ngular Momentum The ice-skater in Figure 8 spins with her arms outstretched. When
she pulls her arms in and raises them above her head, she spins much faster than before.
Did a torque act on the ice-skater? What caused her angular velocity to increase?
Spinning slowly Spinning quickly
Figure 8
16. Critical Thinking An archer shoots arrows at a target. Some of the arrows stick in
the target, while others bounce off. Assuming that the masses of the arrows and the
velocities of the arrows are the same, which arrows produce a bigger impulse on
the target?
Hint: Draw a diagram to show the momentum of the arrows before and after
hitting the target for the two instances.

143

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9 Momentum and Its Conservation

ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its

the product of a rotating object’s moment of inertia and angular velocity

states that an angular impulse on an object is equal to the change in

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

which is the which is the

Write a sentence about each of the following properties of an impulse.

Use with Example TRY IT !

A skateboarder traveling at 4.45 m/s can be stopped by a strong force

∆tStrong force = ∆tWeak force = =?

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

Determine the initial and final momentum.

Apply the impulse-momentum theorem to determine the impulse.

3. EVALUATE THE ANSWER

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Summarize a way that angular momentum is important for ice skating.

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

2. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWNS

Apply the impulse-momentum theorem to determine the impulse.

3. EVALUATE THE ANSWER

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

a. Draw arrows showing the ball's momentum

b. What is the change in momentum of the ball?

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

d. If the bat and ball are in contact for 0.80 ms,

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

Spinning slowly Spinning quickly

Science Notebook • Momentum and Its Conservation

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