Chap 5 Magnetism and Matter Page 121

CHAPTER 5
Magnetism and Matter

SUMMARY m
Bv = 0 $ 2M
4p r 3
v

This expression is equivalent to that of bar magnet.

1. MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
These are imaginary lines which give pictorial 4. TORQUE OF BAR MAGNET
representation for the magnetic field inside and Torque on a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field
around the magnet. is,
Properties of electric field lines are given as below:
t = MB sin q = M # B
1. These lines form continuous closed loops.
where, q is the angle between M and B . Its S.I. units
2. The tangent to the field line gives direction of the
is joule per tesla ^JT-1h .
field at that point.
3. Larger the density of the lines, stronger will be
5. POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A MAGNETIC DIPOLE
the magnetic field.
4. These line do not intersect each other. Potential energy of a magnetic dipole in a magnetic
field is given by,
2. MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT OF A CURRENT LOOP AND
U = - MB sin q = - M # B
REVOLVING ELECTRON
where, q is the angle between M and B .
Magnetic dipole moment of a magnet,
M = m # 2l A - m 2 . 6. WORD DONE IN ROTATING THE DIPOLE
Work done in rotating the dipole in a uniform
magnetic field from q 1 to q 2 is given by
W = MB^cos q1 - cos q2h

Where m is a pole strength, 2l is separation between 7. MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A BAR MAGNET
poles.
1. At an axial point (end-on-position).
Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop,
M = NIA A-m2
The direction of m is perpendicular of the plane of
loop and given by right hand thumb rule.
Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
= IA = enpr2
where n is frequency, r is radius of orbit.
m v
M = e L A-m2 Bv = 0 $ 2M (Since r >> l )
2me 4p r 3
where L = me vr is angular momentum of revolving The direction of magnetic field is along the
electron. direction of magnetic dipole moment M .
2. At on equatorial point (broadside-on-position)
3. BAR MAGNET AS AN EQUIVALENT SOLENOID
m v
The expression of magnetic field at distance r from Bv = 0 $ M3
4p r
the centre is given by,
Page 122 Magnetism and Matter Chap 5

The direction of magnetic field is parallel to the 10. MAGNETIC INDUCTION

magnetic dipole and opposite to the direction of
It is defined as the number of magnetic lines of
dipole moment.
induction crossing per unit area through the magnetic
substance.
B = m 0 ^H + I h
where, m 0 = permeability of free space
H = magnetising field
I = intensity of magnetisation

11. CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS

Magnetic materials may be classified into three
categories
1. Diamagnetic Substances : These are the
substances in which feeble magnetism is produced
in a direction opposite to the applied magnetic
field. These substances are repelled by a strong
magnet. These substances have small negative
values of susceptibility c and positive low value
of relative permeability m r , i.e.,
- 1 # c < 0 and 0 # m r < 1
8. MAGNETISM AND GAUSS’ LAW The examples of diamagnetic substances are
The net magnetic flux ^j B h through any closed surface bismuth, antimony, copper, lead, water, nitrogen
(at STP) and sodium chloride.
is always zero.
2. Paramagnetic Substances : These are the
i.e., j B = SB $ DS = 0 substances in which feeble magnetism is induced
in the same direction as the applied magnetic field.
9. TERMS RELATED TO MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
These are feebly attracted by a strong magnet.
Terms related to magnetic properties of material are These substances have small positive values of M
given as below: and c and relative permeability m r greater than
1. Intensity of Magnetisation, I : The magnetic 1, i.e.,
dipole moment produced per unit volume field 0 < c < e and 1 < m r < 1 + e
of specimen of magnetic material in magnetising where e is a small positive number. The examples
field is known as intensity of magnetisation. of paramagnetic substances are platinum,
I =M =m aluminium, calcium, manganese, oxygen (at STP)
V A and copper chloride.
where, M = magnetic dipole moment, 3. Ferromagnetic Substances : These are the
substances in which a strong magnetism is
m = pole strength,
produced in the same direction as the applied
v = volume of specimen magnetic field. These are strongly attracted by
and A = cross-section area a magnet. These substances are characterised by
large positive values of M and x and values of m r
2. Magnetic Permeability : It is equal to the ratio of much greater than 1, i.e.,
magnetic induction and magnetising field.
c >> 1, m r >> c
m =B
H

3. Magnetic Susceptibility : It is equal to the ratio of

intensity of magnetisation and magnetising field. ***********

cm = I
H
It has no unit.
Chap 5 Magnetism and Matter Page 123

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS becomes

(a) double (b) half
(c) four times (d) one-fourth less
1. A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is cut into two
parts of equal length. The magnetic moment of either Ans : OD 2002

part is
8. The direction of null points are on the equatorial line
(a) M (b) M/2 of a bar magnet, when the north pole of the magnet
(c) 2M (d) Zero is pointing towards
Ans : OD 2018 (a) north (b) south
(c) east (d) west
2. Magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity directed
from Ans : SQP 2016

(a) South to North Pole

9. In tan A and tan B positions of a magnet the magnet
(b) North to South Pole fields at a distance d are represented by B 1 and B 2
(c) East to West direction respectively, then
m m
(d) West to East direction (a) B 1 = 0 $ 22Md2 2 , B2 = 0 $ 2 M 2 3/2
4p (d - l ) 4p (d + l )
Ans : OD 2016
(b) B 1 = B 2 ; d >> 1
3. A wire of magnetic dipole moment M and L is bent (c) B 1 = 2B 2 ; d >> 1
into shape of a semicircle of radius r . What will be its (d) Both a and c
new dipole moments?
Ans : OD 2009
(a) M (b) M
2p
10. Magnetic lines of force
(c) M (d) 2M
p p (a) always intersect.
Ans : SQP 2017 (b) are always closed.
(c) do not pass through vacuum.
(d) tend to crowd far way from the poles of a magnet.
Ans : Foreign 2012, Comp 2004

4. Permeability m of a ferromagnetic substance 11. If a material, placed in a magnetic field is thrown out
(a) m >> 1 (b) m = 1 of it, then the material is
(c) m < 1 (d) m = 0 (a) diamagnetic (b) paramagnetic
Ans : Foreign 2013, OD 2014 (c) ferromagnetic (d) non-magnetic
Ans : Delhi 2006
5. S.I. unit of pole strength is
(a) N (b) N/A - m 12. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet
(c) A - m (d) T (a) do not exist
Ans : OD 2017, 2010 (b) are from north-pole to south-pole of the magnet
Magnetic dipole moment = Pole strength # Length (c) are from south-pole to north-pole of the magnet
(d) depend upon the area of cross-section of the bar
6. S.I. unit of magnetic moment is
magnet
(a) JT-2 (b) Am2
Ans : SQP 2011
(c) JT (d) Am-1
Ans : OD 2015 13. The magnetic field at a distance r from a short bar
magnet is directly proportional to
7. When the intensity of magnetic field is increased four (a) r 2 (b) r-3
times, the time period of suspended magnetic needle
(c) r 2/3 (d) r 4
Ans : OD 2017
Page 124 Magnetism and Matter Chap 5

14. At the magnetic poles of the earth, a campus needle 21. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves
will be (a) from weaker to stronger parts
(a) vertical (b) perpendicular to the field
(b) horizontal (c) from stronger to weaker parts
(c) inclined at 10° with the vertical (d) in none of the above directions
(d) inclined at 45° with the horizontal Ans : SQP 2015
Ans : Delhi 2004
22. If a diamagnetic substance is brought near north or
15. Which of the following is an example for diamagnetic south pole of a bar magnet, then it is
substances? (a) attracted by the poles
(a) copper (b) nickel (b) repelled by the poles
(c) aluminium (d) iron (c) attracted by the north pole and repelled by the
Ans : OD 2014 south pole

16. If a bar magnet is dropped down in an infinitely (d) repelled by the north pole and attracted by the
long vertical copper tube, then the magnet will move south pole
continuously Ans : OD 2008

(a) increasing velocity and acceleration.

23. A super conductor exhibits perfect
(b) increasing velocity but constant acceleration.
(a) ferrimagnetism (b) ferromagnetism
(c) decreasing velocity and ultimately comes to rest.
(c) paramagnetism (d) diamagnetism
(d) increasing velocity and ultimately acquires a
constant terminal velocity. Ans : Delhi 2015

Ans : Delhi 2001

17. At which place, the earth’s magnetism becomes

horizontal?
(a) magnetic pole (b) geographical pole 24. The magnetic susceptibility does not depend upon the
temperature in
(c) magnetic equator (d) magnetic meridian
(a) ferrite substances
Ans : Foreign 2010
(b) ferromagnetic substances
18. Metals getting magnetised by orientation of atomic (c) diamagnetic substances
magnetic moments in external magnetic field are
(d) paramagnetic substances
called
(a) diamagnetics (b) paramagnetics Ans : SQP 2002

(c) ferromagnetics (d) anti-magnetics 25. A frog can be levitated in magnetic field produced by
Ans : OD 2017, Comp 2011 a current in a vertical solenoid placed below the frog.
This is possible because the body of the frog behaves
19. Liquid oxygen remains suspended between two poles as
of a magnet, because it is (a) paramagnetic (b) diamagnetic
(a) diamagnetic (b) paramagnetic (c) ferromagnetic (d) anti-ferromagnetic
(c) ferromagnetic (d) anti-ferromagnetic Ans : Delhi 2017
Ans : Delhi 2012
26. The domain formation is a necessary feature of
20. Most of the substance show which of the following (a) diamagnetism (b) paramagnetism
magnetic property?
(c) ferromagnetism (d) all of these
(a) diamagnetism (b) paramagnetism
Ans : OD 2016, Foreign 2010
(c) ferromagnetism (d) both (b) and (c)
Ans : Foreign 2016 27. Substances which are strongly attracted by magnetic
field i.e., move from weaker to stronger side of the
Chap 5 Magnetism and Matter Page 125

field are termed as due to its own field.

(a) diamagnetic substances (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
(b) paramagnetic substances Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

(c) ferromagnetic substances (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(d) non-magnetic substances
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Ans : SQP 2003
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
28. If c m and c m are the susceptibilities of a diamagnetic
1 2
Ans :
substance at temperatures T1 and T2 respectively, then
Magnet field may be formed with the help of three
(a) c m = c m
1 2 (b) c m T1 = c m T2
1 2
poles. A bar magnet does not exert a torque on itself
(c) c m T2 = c m T1 (d) c m T1 = c m T2 due to its own field.
1 2 1 2

Thus (d) is correct option.

Ans : Delhi 2005

33. Assertion : Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a

29. Susceptibility of a magnetic substance is found
useful diagnostic tool for producing images of various
to depend on temperature and the strength of the
parts of human body.
magnetising field. The material is a
Reason : Protons of various tissues of the human body
(a) diamagnet (b) ferromagnet
play a role in MRI.
(c) paramagnet (d) superconductor (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Ans : OD 2011 Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
30. The vertical component of the earth’s magnetic field
is zero at a place where the angle is dip is Ans :
(a) 0° (b) 45° 34. Assertion : Diamagnetic materials can exhibit
(c) 60° (d) 90° magnetism.
Ans : Foreign 2009 Reason : Diamagnetic materials have permanent
magnetic dipole moment.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
ASSERTION AND REASON Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
31. Assertion : Diamagnetic substances exhibit (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
magnetism.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Reason : Diamagnetic materials do not have
permanent magnetic dipole moment. Ans :
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason
35. Assertion : Ferro-magnetic substances become
(R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
paramagnetic above Curse temperature.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason Reason : Domains are destroyed at high temperature.
is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
(c) Assertion is true and Reason is false. Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(d) Assertion is false and Reason is also false. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Ans : Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
32. Assertion : We cannot think of a magnetic field
configuration with three poles. (d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Reason : A bar magnet does exert a torque on itself Ans :
Page 126 Magnetism and Matter Chap 5

36. Assertion : The ferromagnetic substance do not obey Ans :

Curie’s law.
Reason : At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance
start behaving as a paramagnetic substance. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
40. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
filed at a place is B and angle of dip is 60c what is
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
the value of vertical component of earth’s magnetic
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. field at equator?
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. Ans : OD 2021

Ans : 41. A magnetic needle, free to rotate in a vertical plane,

orients itself vertically at a certain place on the Earth.
37. Assertion : The ferromagnetic substance do not obey
What are the values of (i) horizontal component of
Curie’s law.
Earth’s magnetic field and (ii) angle of dip at this
Reason : At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance
Ans : Comp 2020
start behaving as a paramagnetic substance.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and 42. A small magnet is pivoted to move freely is the
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. magnetic meridian. At what place on earth’s surface
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but will the magnet be vertical?
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. Ans : Delhi 2020, SQP 2013

(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. 43. Relative permeability of a material m r = 0.5. identify
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. the nature of the magnetic material and write its
Ans : relation of magnetic susceptibility.
Ans : Foreign 2014
38. Assertion : A paramagnetic sample display greater
magnetisation (for the same magnetic field) when
cooled.
Reason : The magnetisation does not depend on
temperature. 44. Where on the earth’s surface is the value of angle of
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and dip maximum?
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
or
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Where on the surface of earth is the angle of dip 90c ?
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Ans : OD 2020
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. 45. Where on the earth’s surface is the value of vertical
component of earth’s magnetic field zero?
Ans :
Ans : OD 2018

39. Assertion : The poles of magnet can not be separated

46. Which of the following substances are diamagnetic?
by breaking into two pieces.
Bi, Al, Cu, Ca, and Ni
Reason : The magnetic moment will be reduced to
half when a magnet is broken into two equal pieces. Ans : Delhi 2019

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and 47. The Susceptibility of a magnetic material is
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. - 4.2 # 10-6 . Name the type of magnetic material it
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but represents.
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. Ans : OD 2019

(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

48. The Susceptibility of a magnetic material is 1.9 # 10-5
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Chap 5 Magnetism and Matter Page 127

. Name the type of magnetic material it represents. material and state its two properties.
Ans : Foreign 2011 Ans : Delhi 2018

49. The permeability of a magnetic material is 0.9983. 60. Why does paramagnetic substance move from weaker
Name the type of magnetic materials it represents. to stronger parts of non-uniform magnetic field?
Ans : Comp 2018, OD 2011 Ans : OD 2018, Comp 2006

50. What are permanent magnets ? 61. Why does a magnetic dipole possess potential energy,
Ans : SQP 2013 when placed at some inclination with the direction of
the field?
51. Why is the core of an electromagnet made of Ans : Comp 2017
ferromagnetic materials?
Ans : OD 2010 62. A short bar magnet, placed with its axis making an
angle q with a uniform magnetic field Bv , experiences
52. What is the importance of radial magnetic field in a a torque tv . What is the magnetic moment of the
moving coil galvanometer? magnet?
Ans : Delhi 2014 Ans : Delhi 2017

53. Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined with the

core of toroid, but not within a straight solenoid, why?
Ans : Foreign 2017 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
54. Magnetic field lines show the direction (at every point)
along which a small magnetised needle aligns (at the 63. A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in
point). Do the magnetic field lines also represent the the figure, when two specimens X and Y are placed
‘lines of force’ ? in it.
Ans : OD 2012

55. Why cannot two magnetic lines of forces due to a bar

magnet cross each other?
Ans : Comp 2017, OD 2013 (a)

56. The motion of copper plate is damped when it is

allowed to oscillate between the two poles of a magnet.
What is the cause of this damping?
Ans : Comp 2018

57. Out of the two magnetic materials, A has relative

permeability slightly greater than unity while B has (b)
less than unity. Identify the nature of the materials
A and B . Will their susceptibilities be positive or
Ans : Comp 2019
negative?
Ans : Delhi 2017 64. State two characteristic properties distinguishing
behaviour of paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials.
58. What is the basic difference between magnetic and Ans : Comp 2021
electric lines of force?
Ans : Delhi 2011, 06 65. Write two differences between electromagnet and
permanent magnet.
59. The relative magnetic permeability of a magnetic Ans : OD 2020, SQP 2009
material is 800. Identify the nature of magnetic
Page 128 Magnetism and Matter Chap 5

66. How does a circular loop carrying current behaves as 78. Define magnetic field and magnetic intensity (or
a magnet? magnetic field at a point). What is the S.I. unit of
Ans : Foreign 2011 magnetic intensity?
Ans : OD 2016
67. Define uniform magnetic field. How is it represented
geometrically? 79. Give some important properties of ferromagnetic
Ans : Foreign 2012 substances.
Ans : SQP 2014, Comp 2003
68. 1. How does a diamagnetic material behave when it
is cooled to very low temperature? 80. State Gauss’s law of magnetism. What are its
2. Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater important consequences?
magnetisation when cooled? Explain. Ans : Delhi 2005
Ans : OD 2014
81. Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic
69. A magnetic needle suspended freely in uniform materials in terms of
magnetic field experiences a torque but no net force. (1) Susceptibility and
An iron nail near a bar magnet however experiences a (2) their behaviour in a non-uniform magnetic filed.
force of attraction in addition to torque. Why? Ans : Foreign 2011
Ans : SQP 2013
82. Distinguish between soft and hard ferromagnetic
70. Why does a paramagnetic sample displays greater materials. Give examples of each type.
magnetism when cooled? Ans : Delhi 2017
Ans : Foreign 2014

71. What are artificial magnets? Give some of their

advantages over natural magnets.
Ans : OD 2018

72. Derive relation between relative magnetic permeability 83. Show diagrammatically the behaviour of magnetic
and magnetic susceptibility. filed lines in the presence of (i) paramagnetic and (ii)
Ans : Delhi 2012, OD 2017 diamagnetic substances, How does now explain this
distinguishing feature?
73. A magnetic needle is placed on a cork floating on a or
still lake in the northern hemisphere. Does this needle
Draw the magnetic filed lines distinguishing between
together with the cork move towards the north of the
diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials. Give a
lake?
simple explanation to account for the difference in the
Ans : Delhi 2015
magnetic behaviour of these materials.
74. An iron bar is heated to 1000c C and then cooled in Ans : OD 2014, Comp 2005

a magnetic field free space. Will it retain magnetism?

Ans : SQP 2007 84. Explain the following
(1) Why do magnetic field lines form continuous
75. Define magnetic dipole and dipole moment. What are closed loops?
its units? (2) Why are the filled lines repelled (expelled) when
Ans : SQP 2010 a diamagnetic material is placed in a external
uniform magnetic field?
76. State four basic properties of magnets.
Ans : OD 2012
Ans : SQP 2007

77. Two identical iron bars A and B are given: one of 85. A small magnet of magnetic moment M , is placed at
which definitely known to be magnetised. How would a distance r from the origin O with its axis parallel to
you ascertain, whether or not both are magnetised. If X -axis as shown. A small coil, if one turn is placed on
only one is magnetised? the X -axis, at the same distance from the origin, with
the axis of the coil coinciding with X -axis. For what
Ans : SQP 2008
value of current in the coil does a small magnetic
Chap 5 Magnetism and Matter Page 129

needle, kept at origin, remains undefiled ? What is dipole moment.

the direction of current in the coil ? Ans : OD 2016, Delhi 2008

92. Explain how does an atom behave as a magnetic

dipole. Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole
moment of the atom.
or
Deduce the expression for the magnetic dipole moment
of an electron orbiting around the central nucleus.
Ans : Comp 2018

Ans : Comp 2010 93. Derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity
at a point on the equatorial line of a bar magnet.
86. Three identical specimens of a magnetic materials What is the direction of this field?
nickel, antimony and aluminium are kept in a non-
or
uniform magnetic filed. Draw the modification in the
field lines in each case. Justify your answer. Derive an expression for the magnetic field due to a
Ans : Delhi 2017, SQP 2013 magnetic dipole in broad-side on position at a distance
r from its centre. The length of the dipole is 2l and
87. A coil of N turns and radius R carries a current f its magnetic moment is m .
it is unwound and rewound to make a square coil of Ans : Delhi 2020, Comp 2002
side a having same number of turns (N). Keeping
the current I same, find the ratio of the magnetic 94. (i) Derive an expression for the torque on a magnetic
moments of the square coil and the circular coil. dipole placed in a magnetic field and hence define
Ans : Delhi 2015 magnetic dipole moment.
(ii) Write the SI unit of magnetic moment.
(ii) When is the torque on a magnet (a) minimum
and (b) maximum?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Ans : OD 2019

88. Find time period of a bar magnet oscillating freely in

a uniform magnetic field Bv
Ans : Comp 2021 NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
89. How are the magnetic moment of two bar magnet 95. At a certain place, the horizontal component of earth’s
compared without measuring their moment of inertia? magnetic field is 3 times its vertical component.
Ans : Delhi 2021, Foreign 2010 What is the angle of dip at that place?
Ans : OD 2015

96. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 5.0 Am2 has poles

20 cm apart. Calculate the pole strength.
Ans : Comp 2016

90. Derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity 97. What is the magnitude of the equatorial and axial
at a point on the axis of a bar magnet. What is the fields due to a bar magnet of length 5 cm at a distance
direction of the field? of 50 cm form the midpoint? The magnetic moment of
Ans : Comp 2020 the bar magnet is 0.40 Am2 .
Ans : OD 2018
91. 1. A current loop behaves as a magnetic dipole.
Obtain an expression for the magnetic dipole 98. A magnetised needle of magnetic moment
moment of a circular loop. State the rule used to 4.8 # 10-2 JT-1 is placed at 30c with the direction
find the direction of the magnetic dipole moment. of uniform magnetic field of magnitude 3 # 10-2 T .
2. Obtain the dimensions and units of magnetic
Page 130 Magnetism and Matter Chap 5

What is the torque acting on the needle? 105. Obtain the earth’s magnetisation. Assume that the
Ans : SQP 2013, Comp 2001 earth’s field can be approximated by a giant bar
magnet of magnetic moment 8.0 # 1022 Am2 . The
99. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30c to a earth’s radius is 6400 km .
uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T experiences a torque Ans : SQP 2005
of 0.06 Nm .
1. Calculate the magnetic moment of the magnet. 106. In figure, a magnetic needle is free to oscillate in a
2. Find out what orientation of the magnet uniform magnetic field. The magnetic needle has
corresponds to its stable equilibrium in the magnetic moment 6.7 Am2 and moment of inertia
magnetic field. I = 7.5 # 10-6 kg m2 . It performs 10 complete
Ans : Foreign 2010 oscillations in 6.70s . What is the magnitude field?

100. A planar loop of irregular shape encloses an area

of 7.5 # 10-4 m2 and carries a current of 12 A . The
sense of flow of current appears to be clockwise to an
observer. What is the magnitude and direction of the
magnetic moment vector associated with the current
loop?
Ans : OD 2015

Ans : OD 2016

107. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 6.4 A-m 2 is placed

in a uniform magnetic field of 0.4 T. What is the
101. A current of 6 A is flowing through a 10 turn circular torque acting on the magnet, when its axis makes an
coil of radius 7 cm . The coil lies in the x -y plane. angle of 60° with the magnetic field?
What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic Ans : Comp 2007

dipole moment associated with it?

108. A magnet of magnetic moment M is freely suspended
If this coil were to be placed in a uniform external in a uniform magnetic field of strength B . Calculate
magnetic field directed along the x -axis, in which the work done in rotating the magnet through 60° to
plane would the coil lie, when in equilibrium? (Take 90° ?
p = 22/7 )
Ans : Comp 2018
Ans : Delhi 2017
109. Work done in turning a bar magnet of magnetic
102. An electron in an atom revolves around the nucleus moment M through 90° from the meridian, is n times
c . Calculate the equivalent
in an orbit of radius 0.5 A the corresponding work done to turn it through an
magnetic moment if the frequency of revolution of the angle of 60° . What is the value of n ?
electron is 1010 MHz . Ans : Delhi 2016, OD 2011
Ans : Foreign 2011
110. Two identical magnetic dipoles of magnetic moments
103. The electron in the hydrogen atom is moving with a 1.0 Am2 each are placed at a separation of 2 m with
speed of 2.3 # 106 ms-1 is an orbit of radius 0.53 A c their axes perpendicular to each other. What is the
. Calculate the magnetic moment of the revolving resultant magnetic field at a point mid-way between
electron. the dipoles?
Ans : Delhi 2016 Ans : Comp 2019

104. A compass needle whose magnetic moment is 60 Am2 111. The effective length of a magnet is 31.4 cm, and its
pointing geographical north at a certain place where pole strength is 0.5 A-m. If it is bent in the form of a
the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is semicircle. What is the new magnetic moment?
40 mWb/m2 experiences a torque of 1.2 # 10-3 Nm . Ans : OD 2010
What is the declination of the place?
Ans : Foreign 2009, Comp 2002
112. A current of 7.0 A is flowing in a plane circular coil of
radius 1.0 cm having 100 turns. The coil is placed in a
Chap 5 Magnetism and Matter Page 131

uniform magnetic field of 0.2 Wbm-2 . If the coil is free (i) What are the implications of Gauss’s theorem in
to rotate, what orientations would correspond to its magnetism in day-to-day life?
(1) stable equilibrium and (2) unstable equilibrium? (ii) Two magnetic dipoles of moments 5 A - m2
Calculate the potential energy of the coil in these and 3 A - m2 oriented along opposite directions
cases. are enclosed in a surface. What is total normal
Ans : SQP 2006, Comp 2015 magnetic flux over the surface?
(iii) Two points charges + 4q and-q are enclosed in
113. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30c a surface in vacuum and third change 5q lies
experiences a torque of 0.016 Nm in an external field outside the surface. What is total normal electric
of 800 G . flux over the surface?
1. What is the magnetic moment of the magnet? Ans :
2. What is the work done by an external force in
moving it from its most stable to most unstable 115. Mr. Rajesh the chief development officer, in southern
position? railway went on an official tour to attend a seminar
3. What is the work done by the force due to the on fast moving trains. He met his friend Ontosaki
external magnetic field in the process mentioned in Tokyo after he finished his seminar there. His
in part (2)? friend explained to Rajesh how Japanese people are
concentrating on energy conservation and saving of
4. The bar magnet is replaced by a solenoid of
cross-sectional area 2 # 10-4 m2 and 1000 turns, fossil fuels using Maglev trains. Mr. Rajesh travelled
but the same magnetic moment. Determine the from Tokyo to Osaka in Maglev train and found that
current flowing through the solenoid. sound is less, travelling is smooth and understood in
what way we are lagging behind Japanese in mass
Ans : OD 2014
transporting systems. This works on the principle of
Meissner’s effect.
(i) What is Meissner’s effect?
CASE BASED QUESTIONS (ii) Write the value of magnetic permeability for
perfect diamagnetism.
114. A physics teacher explain Gauss’s theorem in
electrostatics and Gauss’s theorem in magnetism
to his students in a class. He tells them that total
normal electric flux over a closed surface in vacuum
Q
is f e = , where Q is algebraic sum of charges inside
e0 ***********
the surface. Further, total normal magnetic flux over
a closed surface in vacuum is always zero. The teacher
emphasises that this is because in magnetism, poles
always exist in unlike pairs of equal strength i,e.,
isolated magnetic poles called monopoles not exist.

Read the above passage and answer the following

questions