INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDIES

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATICS AND MATHEMATICS

UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA NEGERI SEMBILAN

FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT
(MGT162)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

PREPARED FOR:

MADAM ZULIANA BINTI ZOOLKEFLI

PREPARED BY:
NUR AMIRAH SYAZWANA BINTI SHAHRUL FAIZAL 2023871112
NUR ELLYANA NATASHA BINTI NOR HALIM 2023619242
MUHAMAD FARHAN BIN MOHD AINI 2023647022
AIMAN HAKIMI BIN ASRULNIZAM 2023801964
MUHAMMAD AZMEER DANIEL IZUDIN SHAH BIN SAMSUDIN 2023854674
NURUL IZZATI BINTI NAZRI 2023856236

GROUP:
N5CDIM1101F

SUBMISSION DATE:
2 JANUARY 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE
BIL.

1. TABLE OF CONTENT
i
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii
3. INTRODUCTION
1-2
4. LEVEL OF MANAGMENT
3-4
5. TYPES OF PLANS
5-7
6. PLANNING
• VISION, MISSION STATEMENT 8

7. ORGANISING
• ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE 9-12
• TYPES OF DEPARTMENTALIZATION

8. LOCUS OF DECISION MAKING

13-16
9. MOTIVATION
17-18
10. LEADING
19-20
11. CONTROLLING
21-22
12. CONCLUSION
23
13. REFERENCES
24
14. APPENDEX
25-26

i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirahmanirahim,

First of all, we would like to thank to Allah s.w.t for giving us the determination to complete
this project and to improve ourselves in a situation that we never imagined that the developer
can surpassed. The courage to make this work done with the strength, time and efforts that
the proponents have. Hopefully we can submit this project that was given by you, our
respected lecturer on the submission date which is on 2023.

Secondly, we want to give appreciation to Madam Zuliana binti Zoolkefli for encouraging me
to continue to write and gives us guidance to complete this project. Without her it is impossible
we could finish this assignment on time.

Next, we also want to give our appreciation to both of my parents for giving me support to
finish this project. Not only that, for our friend's thank you very much for your help and support
from you.

Lastly, thanks a lot to the people who give us a lot of inspiration and encourage me and my
group members to finish this assignment.

ii
INTRODUCTION

ABOUT US

In Waypiz Warehouse, our purpose is to provide high-quality, comfortable and stylish Baju
kurung and Baju melayu.

Waypiz Warehouse was created out of a desire to merge tradition with modernity, creating a
space where faith, fashion, and empowerment intersect. Our company is located at Waypiz
Warehouse, lot 159 jalan berlian, 5100 Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur.
Our unique designed to bring together a curated collection of traditional and modern styles,
catering to individuals who seek to embrace their faith while staying fashionable.

Waypiz Warehouse has a CEO, six managers and 12 employees. Our company uses quality
materials and has been evaluated to guarantee user comfort more than just the user. In
addition, Waypiz Warehouse also gives priority to ergonomic design to ensure that users can
use the product comfortably and easily. Using quality materials and good design, Waypiz
Warehouse provides a better user experience than other similar products. The selection of
quality materials such as cotton, Lycra, satin, broket, and crepe fabric also provides
advantages in terms of durability and ease of maintenance. This makes the Waypiz
Warehouse product the right choice for users who want a smooth and practical product.

We at Waypiz Warehouse, believe that humility and style are not mutually exclusive. We
provide an elegant, yet affordable collection of designs, so everyone can feel the beauty and
comfort of dressing. With a combination of good quality materials and affordable prices, we
are committed to providing a satisfying shopping experience for all our customers.

1
 WAYPIZ PRODUCT

Our warehouse provides products such as Baju Melayu and Baju Kurung that have very good
quality and are made from high-quality materials. We take pride in ensuring that our customers
receive products that are not only stylish but also durable, allowing them to be worn for various
occasions and last for a long time. Our warehouse sells clothes made of very comfortable
materials like cotton, Lycra, satin, brocade, and crepe fabric. These materials are carefully
selected to provide maximum comfort and breathability, ensuring that our customers feel
comfortable wearing our clothes all day long. Additionally, our warehouse offers a wide range
of sizes to cater to customers of all body types, ensuring a perfect fit for everyone. We not
only sell Baju Melayu and Baju Kurung for adults, but we also sell them for children, including
Baju Melayu and Baju Kurung specifically designed for children. Our children's collection
features vibrant colors, playful patterns, and comfortable designs that are perfect for any
special occasion or everyday wear. With our diverse range of sizes and styles, parents can
easily find the perfect outfit for their little ones, ensuring they look stylish and feel confident
wherever they go.

2
LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT

Top-Level Management

Executive management refers to the highest level of management within an organization. They
are responsible for making strategic decisions, setting goals, and ensuring the overall success
of the company because executives must have conceptual skills that allow them to see the
big picture and anticipate future trends. Additionally, executives must possess strong
leadership qualities to inspire and motivate employees towards achieving organizational
objectives. Executive management typically includes positions such as CEOs, presidents, and
vice presidents. They work closely with other levels of management and stakeholders to drive
growth and achieve long-term objectives. Additionally, they play a crucial role in representing
the company to external parties such as investors, government officials, and the public. In
summary, presidents and vice presidents are essential for the success and reputation of the
company.

Middle-Level Management

Managers, human resources, finance, production, and marketing are all examples of different
levels of management within an organization that must be followed in order by top-level
management. In order to maintain a harmonious and efficient workflow, leaders must establish
clear communication channels and delegate tasks effectively. Additionally, leaders should
encourage a positive work environment that encourages collaboration and innovation among
all levels of management. Each level is responsible for overseeing a specific area of the
company and ensuring that goals and objectives are met. The manager level is typically
responsible for supervising a team or department, while the human resources, finance,
production, and marketing levels focus on their respective areas of expertise to support the
overall success of the organization.

3
Lower-Level Management / First-Line Management

Sales assistant lower-level management refers to the top-level and middle-level of

management that is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations and ensuring that
tasks are carried out efficiently. The lower management should make sure of the quality of the
product and the satisfaction of customers. They are also responsible for difficulties,
complaints, recommendations, and appeals regarding the company's efforts to achieve its
goals and targets. Sales assistants are responsible for assisting customers with their inquiries,
processing transactions, and maintaining the appearance of the sales floor. Lastly, lower-level
management must regularly report to higher-level management.

LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
WAYPIZ SDN. BHD

EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
(SYAZWANA)

HUMAN MARKETING FINANCE PRODUCTION

RESOURCES
MANAGER MANAGER MANAGEMENT MANAGER

(IZZATI) (AZMEER) (FARHAN) (ELLYANA)

SALES
ASSISTANT
(AIMAN)

4
TYPE AND SKILLS OF MANAGER

BIL TYPE AND SKILLS OF MANAGER LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT

1. The role of executive management is a high-level

position in an organization that makes strategic EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
decisions and oversees the overall operation of NUR AMIRAH SYAZWANA BINTI
the company. These roles require strong SHAHRUL FAIZAL
leadership skills as well as the ability to
communicate and collaborate effectively with
senior executives and other stakeholders. In
addition, executive managers are responsible for
setting goals, developing business strategies, and
ensuring that companies their goals in a timely
and efficient manner.

2. The role of human resources in an organization is

to manage and develop the company's workforce. HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER
This includes tasks such as recruiting, hiring, NURUL IZZATI BINTI NAZRI
training, and evaluating employees. These roles
that human resources must have been
administration and decision-making. Additionally,
human resources also plays a crucial role in
implementing and enforcing company policies
and procedures, ensuring compliance with
employment laws and regulations. They are
responsible for fostering a positive work
environment, resolving conflicts, and promoting
employee engagement and satisfaction.
Additionally, human resources departments are
responsible for creating and implementing
policies and procedures that promote a positive
work environment and ensure compliance with
employment laws.

5
3. The role of the marketing manager is to develop
and implement marketing strategies to promote a
company's product or service. These are the roles
MARKETING MANAGER
that a marketing manager must have: decision-
making skills and the ability to analyze market MUHAMMAD AZMEER DANIEL
IZZUDIN SHAH BIN SAMSUDIN
trends and consumer behavior. Additionally, a
marketing manager should possess strong
communication and leadership skills in order to
effectively collaborate with cross-functional teams
and drive successful campaigns.They are
responsible for conducting market research,
identifying target audiences, and implementing
advertising campaigns. In addition, they analyzed
sales data and customer feedback to assess the
effectiveness of marketing efforts and make the
necessary adjustments to improve results.
4. The role of finance management is crucial in any
organization as it involves making financial FINANCE MANAGER
decisions, managing budgets, and ensuring the MUHAMAD FARHAN BIN MOHD AINI
efficient use of resources. Finance managers are
responsible for analyzing financial data,
forecasting future trends, and providing strategic
recommendations to support the overall financial
health of the company. Hence, the role of finance
management must include problem-solving and
decision-making skills, as well as the ability to
adapt to changing market conditions. Additionally,
finance managers must stay updated on industry
regulations and best practices to ensure
compliance and mitigate financial risks.
Additionally, they play a key role in risk
management by identifying potential financial
risks and implementing measures to mitigate
them. Overall, finance management is essential
for driving business growth and
maximizing profitability.

6
5. The role of production manager is crucial in
overseeing the entire manufacturing process.
They are responsible for coordinating and
managing the activities of production teams to PRODUCTION MANAGER
ensure the efficient and timely production of NUR ELLYANA NATASHA BINTI
goods. So, the production manager must have NOR HALIM
decision-making skills and be able to problem-
solve effectively. They must also possess strong
leadership qualities to motivate and inspire their
team members. Additionally, the production
manager should have a deep understanding of
production techniques and technologies to
optimize productivity and identify areas for
improvement. Additionally, they play a key role in
developing and implementing strategies to
optimize productivity, reduce costs, and improve
quality control measures.
6. The role of sales assistant plays a crucial role in
supporting the sales team and ensuring smooth SALES ASSISTANT
operations. Sales assistants are responsible to AIMAN HAKIMI BIN ASRULNIZAM
provide assistance to customers, answer
inquiries, and address their needs. With this, it
can facilitate business between employees and
customers by having gathered the necessary
information. In addition, sales assistant needs
share trends, issues, and comments from
customers with the sales staff to make the thing
that is sold better, such as by raising its quality
until the buyer is satisfied. Lastly, they need to
organize and conduct promotional activities and
sales events to attract more buyers to increase
the sales that need to be achieved.

7
PLANNING

The type of planning we employed was operational planning, which includes two more types
of plans: standing and single use. The overall objective of this specific kind of plan is to show
a complete and well-organized business. This strategy could encourage managers to plan
ahead, take responsibility for the resources that will be required, as well as any possibilities or
challenges that Waypiz Warehouse may encounter in the future.

VISION

providing quality product, consistent in terms of quality, reliable at all times and reasonable
prices suitable for all ethnicism.

MISSION

to provide the strongest, most durable, and functional hand-made clothing covers.

STANDING PLAN

A standing plan is one that is implemented frequently throughout time, usually in reaction to
events or situations that keep happening. It offers a structure for managing an ongoing duties
or activities. This plan, for instance, specifies how frequently inventory inspections will be
performed, how overstocked goods will be handled, and how stock will be reordered. To make
sure the business keeps the right amount of inventory on hand, this strategy is constantly
implemented. By having a standing plan in place, businesses can effectively streamline their
operations and minimize disruptions caused by inventory shortages or excesses. This not only
helps maintain customer satisfaction but also ensures optimal utilization of resources and
prevents financial losses.

SINGLE-USE PLANS

Plans designated for single use are implemented exclusively or for a singular, non-recurring
event. Usually, it is created for a specific task or occasion and is not meant for continuous
usage. To illustrate, when a new collection is introduced, this plan will be utilized. It will outline
the precise procedures and deadline for creating, developing, and promoting a fresh line of
baju melayu and baju kurung. The strategy for clearing out outdated goods through a sale
event is outlined below for a clearance sale.

8
 ORGANIZING
Organizational structures coordinate hierarchy, task assignment, and visualize a company's
goals. This involves grouping, resource allocation, fostering efficient collaboration for shared
objectives.

TYPE OF DEPARTMENTLIZATION
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE

Functional structure is the grouping of employees or related work activities according to

functions performed. In Waypiz Warehouse, we prioritize and show our full concern for our
employees by grouping them in each department so they can function and focus mainly on
the tasks that they are specialized in. Our executive management simply cannot perform every
task in each department, which is why functional structure is essential. By dividing employees
into departments based on their expertise, we ensure that each task is handled efficiently and
effectively. This allows our executive management to oversee the overall operations of the
warehouse and make strategic decisions for the company's success. Therefore, there are
managers assigned to every department that exists within our company. For instance, there
is a marketing manager, a finance manager, a human resource manager, and an operating
production manager, each of which has its own designated manager.

EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
(SYAZWANA)

MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER OF MANAGER

OPERATION SALES AND DESIGNING PRODUCTION
WAREHOUSE MARKETING AND FINANCIAL
DEPARTMENT (AZMEER) DESIGNING (ELLYANA)
(FARHAN) PACKAGING
(IZZATI)

MANAGER MANAGER
MATERIAL HUMAN
OF FABRIC RESOURSE
(AIMAN) (AMIRAH)

9
PRODUCT STUCTURE

Product structure is the grouping of employees and their activities or tasks on the basis of
products manufactured by the organisation. WayPiz offers a variety of clothes. For example,
Baju Kurung and Baju Melayu. We provided the best prices and places to buy Raya clothes.
The design is so chic and comfortable for adults and juniors that you won't mind going matchy
with your family, as everyone will look so well put together. From muted colors to vibrant prints,
it's hard to resist the gorgeous pieces for the whole family. Waypiz designs are easy to spot
because of our vibrant hand-drawn patterns and the quality of the fabric. Boasting an outfit
that is fit for the weather, age-appropriate, and of high quality, the whole family can go color-
coordinated for the perfect Raya family portrait.

10
CUSTOMER STUCTURE
Customer structure is framework of roles, teams, and tiers that helps build a people-first approach
to customer service. Key to that is providing well-defined roles and performance expectations, which
gives everyone on the team an understanding of what they should be achieving, and their career path
options and goals to work toward.

EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
(SYAZWANA)

MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER

Women Men Children

11
TYPE OF ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE (WIDE SPAM OF CONTROL)

A wide span of control refers to a situation where a manager supervises multiple employees,
often up to 20 subordinates. This type of management is less hierarchical and flatter, leading
to lower costs, increased employee motivation, and less strict supervision. However, it can
also be challenging to manage multiple employees simultaneously, leading to a potential loss
of control and poor decision-making. Our company chooses a wide span of control for
efficiency, quick decision-making, and cost-effectiveness. This structure empowers employees
and fosters adaptability. However, challenges like limited supervision and communication
complexities should be considered. Choosing a wide span of control in organizations offers
efficiency, quick decision-making, and cost-effectiveness. It fosters flexibility and employee
empowerment but poses challenges like limited supervision and potential communication
issues. Balancing wide and narrow spans based on organizational needs is crucial for optimal
performance.

12
LOCUS OF DECISION MAKING

The decision- making process facilities managers to go through proper steps in order to reach
the best alternative.

TYPE OF DECISION-MAKING

PROGRAM

- COLOUR DEFECTED:
The problem that our business faces with quality materials is color defects. These color
defects often result in customer dissatisfaction and product returns. Additionally, they
can tarnish our brand reputation and hinder our ability to attract new customers.

- SEWING DEFECTED:
The problem that our business faces with quality materials is sewing materials. These
materials often have issues such as fraying or uneven stitching, which can compromise
the overall quality of our products.

NON- PROGRAM

- COLOUR DEFECTED:
How to fix this color defect problem in our business is by implementing a stringent
quality control process. This process should include thorough inspections of materials
before they are used in production, as well as regular testing throughout the
manufacturing process to identify any potential color defects. Additionally, investing in
advanced technology and equipment can help detect and prevent color defects more
effectively.

- SEWING DEFECTED:
The best way to fix this sewing program is by implementing a comprehensive training
program for our sewing staff. This program should focus on teaching proper sewing
techniques and ensuring that all employees have a thorough understanding of
quality standards.

13
1. IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES AND DIAGNOSING PROBLEMS

The problem with the product that we need to solve is the quality of the materials. This problem
directly affects the durability and performance of our products, leading to customer
dissatisfaction and potential financial losses for our company. In addition, the use of poor-
quality materials can also damage our brand reputation in the long term, making it important
for us to deal with this problem promptly and effectively.

2. IDENTIFYING OBJECTIVES

The goal is to meet the needs of the latest generation of customers. This can be achieved by
working closely with customers to understand their unique preferences and challenges.
Through the use of advanced technology and innovative solutions, we can develop products
that not only meet their current needs but also predict future demands. We will also meet
customer requirements based on gender, age and size. By combining customer feedback and
conducting market research, we can ensure that our products meet different demographic
specific needs and preferences. In addition, the implementation of a flexible and responsive
approach will allow us to tailor our offer as customer needs evolve over time.

3.GENERATING ALTERNATIVES

The alternative is to identify the right supplier, which is essential for business success as they
guarantee product quality, customer satisfaction, timely delivery, and minimize the risk of stock
shortages. Choosing the wrong supplier can lead to reduced customer loyalty, damaged
reputation, and potential financial losses. In addition, a reliable supplier can also provide
valuable insight and support in terms of market trends and product development. If you get a
supplier that provides high quality products, that company will generate better profits. In
addition, reliable suppliers can help ease their operations by offering efficient logistics and
supply chain management solutions. This can lead to cost savings and overall efficiency
increases, which ultimately contribute to higher profits. In addition, a reliable supplier can also
offer flexible payment terms and competitive prices, further enhancing the company’s financial
performance.

14
4.EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES

Evaluate alternatives: make sure that the most important components are in place and that
they meet the required specifications and quality standards. This will involve thorough testing
and analysis to compare different options and determine which one is most worthy and
beneficial to our customers. In addition, we will consider factors such as cost efficiency,
sustainability and scope to ensure that the chosen alternatives are in line with our long-term
business goals. For example, consider the development of the surrounding area. This could
include assessing the availability of facilities, transportation options, and potential competition.
In addition, it is important to assess the potential profitability and long-term sustainability of
projects to ensure their success in the market.

5. REACHING DECISION

The company has achieved one result: we have suppliers that meet current tastes and trends.
This success has contributed significantly to the company's success and growth in the market.
In addition, it has helped establish a customer base that is loyal and satisfied with the products
offered by suppliers. Furthermore, the company has also achieved success by making their
clothes, which include Baju Melayu and Baju Kurung, and curtains to the taste of customers
using high quality fabrics at affordable prices. This approach has attracted a wide range of
customers, including those who value style and availability. In addition, the company’s
commitment to using high quality fabrics ensures that their products are not only fashionable
but also durable, increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

15
6. CHOOSING IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

The company chose implementation by investing in research and development to stay up-to-
date with the latest trends and innovations in the textile industry. This decision allowed the
company to constantly improve its products and processes, ensuring they remained
competitive in the market. Additionally, investing in research and development helped the
company anticipate customer needs and tailor their offerings accordingly, improving their
position as a leader in the textile industry.

7.MONITORING AND EVALUATING FEEDBACK

This goal helps to increase customer satisfaction and ensure long-term continuity. By setting
clear goals, they can effectively measure their performance and identify areas to improve. This
leads to a better customer experience and promotes loyalty, which ultimately contributes to
the overall success and growth of the company. This goal aims to help improve customer
service. By improving customer service, the company can enhance its reputation and stand
out from competitors in the market. Additionally, it allows the company to build strong
relationships with customers, leading to increased customer retention and potential referrals.

16
MOTIVATION

Motivation is defined as the forces acting upon or within a person that cause that person to
expend to behave in a specific, goal-directed manner. It is a psychological process that gives
purpose and direction for behavior. The management process of influencing people’s behavior
to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal.

The motivational, need-based approach used by Waypiz Warehouse hierarchy of needs.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology. Comprising a five-tier
model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within pyramid. According to
Maslow, individuals have various needs and try to satisfy these needs. Using a priority system
or hierarchy. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological (food
and clothing), safety (job security), social needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.

Next are security needs. Employees want to experience order, predictability, and control in
their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society, such as medical care.
Humans need to have a safe physical and emotional environment. Also, needs protection
against threats or unsafe working environments, such as job security and predictable work
environment. Our managers will often emphasize rules, job security, and fringe benefits.

Maslow's hierarchy also includes social needs. The requirement for interpersonal
communication Relationships influence conduct. People require friendship, love, and a sense
of belonging. They also require social approval, such as interaction and conversation with
others. being part of the group. We view their job as a chance to discover and build new
relationships. Interpersonal interactions that are pleasant. Every year, we have a family day
to spend time together.

17
Moreover, self-esteem needs are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy. People need personal
feelings of achievement and self-worth and by recognition, respect, and prestige from others.
Our managers focus on esteem needs and try to foster employees’ pride in their work and use
public rewards and recognition for services such as giving bonuses.

Furthermore, self-actualization needs are the highest in Maslow’s hierarchy. This refers to the
realization of a person's potential, self-fulfilment, seeking personal growth, and peak
experiences. Everyone needs self-fulfilment and the opportunity to achieve one’s potential.
Peoples who strive for self-actualization accept themselves and use their abilities to the fullest
and most creative extent. Waypiz warehouse managers emphasize that self-actualization may
involve employees in designing jobs or making special assignments that capitalize on one's’
unique skills.

Thus, we stick to needs-based model which is Maslow's Hierarchy of needs to make all in the
teams of Waypiz warehouse company will able to cooperate and behave in a way that ensures
the accomplishment of our goal.

18
LEADING

Leadership is one of the critical management functions that directs organisations and their
employees towards goal achievement. Good leaders can bring out the best in their team
members and motivate them to work together to achieve a common goal.

BEHAVIORAL THEORIES: The WayPiz Warehouse

In The WayPiz Warehouse, researchers studied the behaviors of leaders and found critical
behaviors called:

Cosideration (employee – oriented) Leadership behavior.

Consideration of leadership behavior Consideration in leadership behavior refers to the extent

to which a leader demonstrates concern for the well-being, needs, and feelings of their
followers. It involves showing empathy, being approachable, and creating a supportive work
environment. This type of behavior is crucial for building trust, fostering positive relationships,
and enhancing employee satisfaction and engagement. Additionally, consideration of
leadership behavior has been found to be associated with higher levels of job performance
and organizational commitment among employees.

19
CONTINGENCY THEORIES: The Hersey Blanchard Life Cycle Theory

In our company WayPiz Warehouse utilizes Hersey Blanchard Life Cycle Theory as a
leadership technique, adjusting leadership style based on subordinates' needs, expertise,
capability, and responsibility acceptance.

Telling or Directing

Telling or directing is a crucial strategy for managers to guide new employees, preventing
errors and preserving the relationship between managers and employees by providing clear
instructions on tasks and schedules.

Selling

Next, it involves considering employees' views, ideas and suggestions, with managers
providing guidance. Sales process employees typically work for one to three years, retaining
decision-making authority.

Participating or supporting

Last but not least, participating or supporting workers for five to ten years, typically lower
managers, fosters competence, accountability, and problem-solving. Leaders respect and
encourage problem-solving, while delegating involves making choices and following the
leader.

Delegating

Delegating decision-making to followers reduces support and motivation, allowing managers

to focus on other workers. This philosophy fosters good relationship and task behavior, helping
businesses achieve long-term targets and adapting to various scenarios. It also helps deal
with both easy and complicated problems, providing managers with a variety of alternative
dealer types.

20
CONTROLLING

CONTROL PROCES:

Control is a systematic set of four steps that must be undertaken, also known as the process
of control. This process is very important to make sure all the activities in organizations run
smoothly. The four steps or processes that must be undertaken by organizations are shown,
firstly, setting standards of performance. These standards act as benchmarks for measuring
the success of organizational activities. Second,measure actual performance. This step
involves collecting data and information on the actual performance of the activities being
carried out in the organization. It helps in determining whether the activities are meeting the
set standards or not. Additionally, thirdly, compare actual performance with standards. This
step involves analyzing the collected data and comparing it to the predetermined benchmarks
to identify any deviations or discrepancies. Lastly, respond to deviations. This step requires
taking appropriate actions to address any deviations or discrepancies found during the
comparison process. It may involve making necessary adjustments to the activities or
implementing corrective measures to ensure that the organization's performance aligns with
the set standards. Additionally, it is important to continuously monitor and evaluate
performance to maintain consistency and make improvements as needed.

TYPES OF CONTROL:

In our company, managers play a big role in controlling. Managers need to know when to have
things under control and when to use the power required to them. They are responsible for
overseeing the day-to-day operations and ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently.
Additionally, managers must possess strong leadership skills to effectively guide their team
and make critical decisions when necessary. The types of controls used by our company,
Waypiz Warehouse, are feedforward controls (anticipating problems), concurrent control
(fixing problems when they occur), and feedback controls (corrects problems after they occur).

Feedforward controls are used to predict problems before they appear so that they do not
occur later during the conversion process. For example, managers may implement training
programs to ensure that employees have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their
tasks effectively. Feedback controls are used to evaluate the results of completed tasks or
projects and make improvements for future operations. This can involve analysing data,

21
gathering feedback from customers or employees, and implementing changes based on the
findings in our company.

Next, concurrent control involves identifying and preventing problems in an organization as

they occur. This proactive approach allows for immediate action to be taken in order to
minimize the impact of any issues that arise. By implementing concurrent control measures,
organizations can effectively address problems in real-time and ensure smooth operations.
For example, in our company, we use GPS (Global Positioning System) technology to track
the location of our delivery vehicles in real-time. This allows us to monitor their routes and
make adjustments as needed, ensuring timely and efficient deliveries. Additionally, we have
established a system where employees can report any issues or concerns, they encounter
during their workday, enabling us to address them promptly and prevent any potential
disruptions. By doing this, managers are able to plan more efficient routes and tell drivers to
change routes to avoid traffic jams.

The last one is feedback control. Feedback control is a system that collects customer feedback
at the output level, enabling to identify areas for improvement and make necessary
adjustments to their products and services. By actively seeking and responding to customer
feedback, we can ensure that our offer meets their expectations andins a high level of
satisfaction. Managers use the process to evaluate the effectiveness of their teams in
achieving their goals, with customer feedback becoming crucial to determining its effectivity
and effectiveness. This information informs the creation of a more efficient plan to the
company's goals.

22
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, business is a unique field with unique privileges and characteristics. It requires
cooperation with a team to achieve information and face risks like loss and profit. Key qualities
in this field include honesty, perseverance, and courage. These qualities can lead to extensive
and advanced marketing within a company, ultimately increasing sales and profitability.
Companies must succeed in this field by achieving information, which can lead to increased
sales and profitability. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals to possess these qualities to
succeed in this field. In addition, the ever-evolving nature of the business world demands
adaptability and the ability to embrace change. Successful individuals in this field must be
open to new ideas and strategies, constantly seeking ways to improve and stay ahead of the
competition. Additionally, effective communication skills are essential for building strong
relationships with clients, partners, and colleagues, fostering trust and collaboration that can
ultimately drive success in business.

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REFERENCES

1. Muhammad Hanis Badul Gafar, Intan Nazrenee Ahmad, Norhidayah Ali, Rosliza MD
Zani, & Shahrul Nadwani Abdul Rahman.(2023).Fundamentals of Management.
McGraw-Hill, Education (Malaysia) Sdn.Bhd.

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APPENDEX

Figure 1.0 WAYPIZ WAREHOUSE SHOP

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 Figure 2.0 situation in our WAYPIZ WAREHOUSE.

Figure 3.0 The products we sell in our store are Baju Melayu and Baju Kurung.

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