NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-

Reflection and Refraction

Multiple ChoiceQuestions

1. Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light when light from a point sourceis incident on it?
(a) Concavemirror aswell asconvexlens
(b) Convex mirror aswell asconcavelens
(c) Two plane mirrors placed at 90° to eachother
(d) Concavemirror aswell asconcavelens

Soln:

Answer is (d) Concave mirror as well as concave lens

Explanation:

When point source of a light is focused to a convex or concave mirror emergent rays make a parallel beam of
light.

2. A 10 mm longawl pin is placedvertically in front of a concavemirror. A 5 mm longimage of the awl pin

is formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror. The focal length of this mirror is
(a) – 30 cm
(b) – 20 cm
(c) – 40 cm
(d) – 60 cm

Soln:

Answer is (b) – 20 cm

Explanation:

Here, size of object = O = + 10.0 mm = + 1.0 cm (as, 1 cm = 10 mm)

Size of Image size = I = 5.0 mm = 0.5 cm
Image distance, v = − 30 cm (as image is real)
Let, object distance = u
Focal length, f =?

Magnification m= I (Size of image)

O(Size of image)

−
Magnification is given by m=
−
=

0.5 −30
=
1

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
U= -60cm
1 1 1
Focal length is given by = +

1 1 1
= +
−30 −60
−2−1
=
60

−3
=
60

F= -20cm

3. Under which of the following conditionsa concavemirror can form an imagelarger than the actual
object?
(a) When the object is kept at a distanceequal to its radius of curvature
(b) When object is kept at a distance lessthan its focal length
(c) When object is placed betweenthe focusand centre of curvature
(d) When object is kept at a distancegreater than its radius of curvature

Soln:

Answer is (c) When object is placed between the focus and centre of curvature

Explanation:

When object is placed between F and C an enlarged image is formed beyond C.

4. Figure 10.1 shows a ray of light as it travels from medium A to medium B. Refractive index of the
medium B relative to medium A is
(a) 3 / 2
(b) 2 / 3
(c) 1/ 2
(d) 2

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
Soln:

Answer is (a) 3 / 2

Refractive Index of B with respect to A

=
60
=
45
= ( √3 /2)
(1/ √2)
= √6/2
=1.225

5. A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as shown in Figure 10.2. The refractive
index of medium B relative to A will be
(a) greater than unity
(b) less than unity
(c) equal to unity
(d) zero

Soln:

Answer is (b) less than unity

Explanation:

Here the ray of light bends away from normal when it enters from medium A into medium B. This shows that
medium B is optically rarer than medium A. Therefore, speed of light in medium B is more than speed of
light in medium A. So, ratio of speed of light in medium A to speed of light in medium B will be less than one.

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

6. Beamsof light are incident through the holesA and B and emergeout of box through the holesC and D
respectively asshownin the Figure10.3. Which of the following could be inside the box?
(a) A rectangular glassslab
(b) A convexlens
(c) A concavelens
(d) A prism

Soln:

Answer is(a) A rectangular glass slab

Explanation:

When incident rays fall perpendicularly on the point of incidence. A rectangular glass slab would refract and then
re-refract it.

7. A beam of light is incident through the holeson sideA and emergesout of the holeson the other face of
the box as shownin the Figure 10.4. Which of the following could be inside the box?
(a) Concavelens
(b) Rectangular glassslab
(c) Prism
(d) Convex lens

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

Soln:

Answer is (a) Concave lens

Explanation:

Answer is concave lens because incident rays are parallel and emergent rays are diverging.

8. Which of the following statementsis true?

(a) A convexlenshas4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(b) A convexlenshas–4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(c) A concavelenshas4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(d) A concavelenshas–4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m

Soln:

Answer is (a) A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m

Explanation:

Positive value for focal length indicates convex lens.

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

9. Magnification producedby a rear view mirror fitted in vehicles

(a) is lessthan one
(b) is more than one
(c) is equal to one
(d) can bemore than or lessthan onedependingupon the position of the object in front of it

Soln:

Answer is (a) is less than one

Explanation:

Convex mirror is used in rear view mirror. Convex mirror always give smaller image. Hence, magnification
produced by rear view mirror is always less than 1.

10. Rays from Sun convergeat a point 15 cm in front of a concavemirror. Where shouldan object be
placed sothat size of its image is equal to the size of the object?
(a) 15 cmin front of the mirror
(b) 30 cmin front of the mirror
(c) between15 cm and 30 cm in front of the mirror
(d) more than 30 cmin front of the mirror

Soln:

Answer is (d) more than 30 cm in front of the mirror

Explanation:

Here f= 15,

Radius of curvature is double the focal length

hence c=30

When object is placed on c, its image is of the same size, inverted and is formed on c.

11. A full length imageof a distant tall building can definitely be seenby using
(a) a concavemirror
(b) a convexmirror
(c) a planemirror
(d) both concaveaswell asplane mirror

Soln:

Answer is (b) a convex mirror

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Reflection and Refraction
Explanation:

Field of convex mirror is more than any type of mirror. Hence full length size of building can be seen by using a
convex mirror.

12. In torches, searchlights and headlights of vehiclesthe bulb is placed

(a) between the pole and the focusof the reflector
(b) very near to the focusof the reflector
(c) betweenthe focusand centre of curvature of the reflector
(d) at the centre of curvature of the reflector

Soln:

Answer is (b) very near to the focus of the reflector

Explanation:

Headlight reflectors and search lights are in the shape of concave mirror. When source of light is placed at the
focus, reflected light appears like a beam.

13. The laws of reflection hold goodfor

(a) plane mirror only
(b) concavemirror only
(c) convexmirror only
(d) all mirrors irrespectiveof their shape

Soln:

Answer is (d) all mirrors irrespective of their shape

14. The path of a ray of light comingfrom air passingthrough a rectangular glassslab traced by four
studentsare shownasA, B, C and D in Figure 10.5. Which oneof them is correct?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D

Soln:

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
Soln:

Answer is b)B

Explanation:

Light bends towards normal when it passes from air to glass. Light bends away from normal when it passes from
glass to air. This is appropriately shown in figure b).

15. You are given water, mustard oil, glycerine and kerosene.In which of thesemedia a ray of light
incident obliquely at sameangle would bend the most?
(a) Kerosene
(b) Water
(c) Mustard oil
(d) Glycerine

Soln:

Answer is (d) Glycerine

Explanation:

Refractive indices

Water-1.33
Kerosene-1.44
Mustard oil-1.46
Glycerine-1.47

Hence Glycerine is optically dense hence ray of light bends more with glycerine.

16. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a concavemirror as
shownin Figure 10.6?

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
(a) Fig. A
(b) Fig. B
(c) Fig. C
(d) Fig. D

Soln:

Answer is (d) Fig. D

Explanation:

In case of concave mirror, an incident ray is parallel to principal axis passes through F after reflection.

17. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a lensshownin Fig. 10.7?

(a) Fig. A.
(b) Fig. B.
(c) Fig. C.
(d) Fig. D.

Soln:

Answer is (a) Fig. A.

Explanation:

In convex lens, incident ray passing through F goes parallel to the principal axis after refraction.

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

18. A child is standingin front of a magicmirror. Shefinds the image of her head bigger, the middle
portion of her body of the samesizeand that of the legssmaller. The following is the order of combinations
for the magicmirror from the top.
(a) Plane, convexand concave
(b) Convex, concaveand plane
(c) Concave, plane and convex
(d) Convex, plane and concave

Soln:

Answer is (c) Concave, plane and convex

Explanation:

When the object is between F and P of concave mirror enlarged image is formed behind the mirror. Hence child
can see her head bigger in a concave mirror. She can see her body size of the same size because plane mirror
gives image of original size. Convex mirror gives diminished images and babies legs appear smaller.

19. In which of the following, the imageof an object placed at infinity will be highly diminished and point
sized?

(a) Concavemirror only

(b) Convexmirror only
(c) Convex lensonly
(d) Concavemirror, convexmirror, concavelensand convexlens

Soln:

Answer is (d) Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens and convex lens

Short Answer Questions

20. Identify the deviceusedasa spherical mirror or lens in following cases,whenthe image formed is
virtual and erect in eachcase.
(a) Object is placed betweendeviceand its focus, image formed is enlarged and behind it.
(b) Object is placed between the focus and device, image formed is enlarged and on the sameside asthat of
the object.
(c) Object is placed betweeninfinity and device, image formed is diminished and between focusand optical
centre on the sameside asthat of the object.
(d) Object is placed betweeninfinity and device, image formed is diminished and between pole and focus,
behind it.

Soln:

a) Concave mirror
b) Convex lens
c) Concave lens
d) Convex mirror

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

21. Why doesa light ray incident on a rectangular glassslab immersed in any medium emergesparallel to
itself? Explain usinga diagram.

Soln:

When light ray enters denser medium from rarer medium it bends towards the normal In this case extent of
bending of ray at opposite parallel is same. Hence emergent ray is parallel to incident ray.

22. A pencil whendipped in water in a glasstumbler appearsto be bent at the interface of air and water.
Will the pencil appear to be bent to the sameextent, if instead of water we useliquids like, keroseneor
turpentine. Support your answer with reason.

Soln:

Bending of light here is a function of refraction. Refraction is dependent on refractive indices. Refractive indices
of kerosene or turpentine would not be same as water. Hence degree of bend would be different in different
mediums.

23. How is the refractive index of a medium related to the speedof light? Obtain an expressionfor
refractive index of a medium with respectto another in terms of speedof light in thesetwo media?

Soln:

Refractive Index can be seen as the factor by which the speed and the wavelength of the radiation are reduced
with respect to their vacuum values.

w=civ (where n:refractive index,c=speed of light,v:velocity of light in that medium)

Refractive index of one medium in relation to a second medium is given by ratio of speed of light In second
medium to speed of light in first medium.

24. Refractive index of diamond with respectto glassis 1.6 and absolute refractive index of glassis 1.5.
Find out the absoluterefractive index of diamond.

Soln:

Absolute RI of diamond= 1.6

Absolute RI of glass= 1.5
Multiplying them we get 2.4

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

25. A convexlensof focal length 20 cm can producea magnified virtual aswell asreal image. Is this a
correct statement? If yes,where shall the object be placed in each casefor obtaining theseimages?

Soln:

When an object is placed in F and F2 of a convex lens, we get inverted, enlarged and real image is formed beyond
2F2 which is on the other side of the lens. Hence we need to place the object between 20 and 40 cm of the lens.

When an object is placed between F and 0 of a convex lens, its enlarged, erect and virtual image is formed beyond
FL i.e. on the same side of lens. So for this we need to place the object at a distance less than 20 cm from the lens.

26. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her sciencelaboratory is formed at a
distance of 15 cm from the lens. Shenow tries to focusthe building visible to her outside the window
instead of the window pane without disturbing the lens. In which direction will shemovethe screento
obtain a sharp image of the building? What is the approximate focal length of this lens?

Soln:

To obtain clear image of the building Sudha has to move the screen towards the elns. Focal length will be
approximately 15 cm. The rays of light coming from distant object such as a tree (or a distant building or
electricity pole) can be considered to be parallel to each other. When parallel rays of light are incident on a
convex lens, the rays, after refraction, converge at focus on the other side of the lens.

27. How are power and focal length of a lensrelated? You are provided with two lensesof focal length 20
cm and 40 cm respectively. Which lenswill you useto obtain more convergent light?

Soln:

Power of lens is inversely proportional to the focal length of the lens. Lens with focal length 20 has more power
than lens with focal length 40 cm. Lens with higher power should be used to obtain more convergent light.

28. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray will
always be parallel to each other, whatever may be angle of incidence. Show the samewith the help of
diagram.

Soln:

If two plane mirrorsare placed perpendicular toeach other then Incidentray and reflectedraywill
always be paralleltoeach other.

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

29. Draw a ray diagram showingthe path of rays of light when it enters with oblique incidence
(i) from air into water; (ii) from water into air.

Soln:

Speed of light decreases when it passes from rarer medium to denser medium and also light rays bend towards
normal.

When ray of light passes from denser medium to rarer medium light rays bends away from the normal.

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Reflection and Refraction

LongAnswer Questions

30. Draw ray diagrams showingthe image formation by a concavemirror when an object is placed
(a) betweenpole and focusof the mirror
(b) betweenfocusand centre of curvature of the mirror
(c) at centre of curvature of the mirror
(d) a little beyondcentre of curvature of the mirror
(e) at infinity

Soln:

a)

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
b)

C)

d)

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

e)

31. Draw ray diagrams showingthe image formation by a convexlenswhen an object is placed
(a) between optical centre and focusof the lens
(b) between focusand twice the focal length of the lens
(c) at twice the focal length of the lens
(d) at infinity (e) at the focusof the lens

Soln:

a)

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
b)

c)

d)

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
e)

32. Write laws of refraction. Explain the samewith the help of ray diagram, when a ray of light passes
through a rectangular glassslab.

Soln:

Laws of refraction

a) Incident ray, refracted ray and normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

b) Ratio of sine of incidence and sine of refraction is constant for the given color and pair of media.

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
• ABCD is a glass slab.
EF is incident ray which is incident on point 0 on air-glass interface.
• NO is normal and _LEON = :I; which Is angle of incidence.
• NV is normal extended towards the glass slab and ..LV '00 = Zri; which is angle of refraction.
• 00' is refracted ray from surface AB. It behaves like Incident ray on surface CD.
• the ray EF bends when it enters the slab to become 00'.
• MO' and O'M' are normal on surface CD.
• GH is the emergent ray.
• ZOO' Al = Li,; which is angle of Incidence at surface CD.
• Z.110' H = Zr,; which Is angle of refraction at surface CD.
• It is observed that EF. NO and 00' lie in the same plane: which is in accordance to the first law of refraction.
• It is also observed that EF II GH; which means emergent ray is parallel to incident ray. This happens because the
degree of bend at opposite surfaces of glass slab is same.

33. Draw ray diagrams showingthe image formation by a concavelenswhen an object is placed
(a) at the focusof the lens
(b) betweenfocusand twice the focal length of the lens
(c) beyondtwice the focal length of the lens

Soln:

(a) The ray diagram when the object is placed at the focus of the concave lens:

(b) The ray diagram when the object is placed between focus and twice the length of focal length of the lens:

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

(c) Ray diagram when the object is beyond twice the focal length of the concave lens:

34. Draw ray diagrams showingthe image formation by a convexmirror when an object is placed
(a) at infinity
(b) at finite distancefrom the mirror

Soln:

a) At Infinity

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

b) At infinite distance from the mirror

35. The image of a candle flame formed by a lens is obtained on a screenplaced on the other sideof the
lens. If the image is three times the size of the flame and the distance betweenlensand image is 80 cm, at
what distance should the candle be placed from the lens?What is the nature of the image at a distance of 80
cm and the lens?

Soln:

As the image is obtained on the screen , it is real .

so,

Magnification , m = –3 ,

v = 80 cm

u=?

As m = v/u

so,

–3 = 80/u,

u = –80/3 cm .

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction
From

1/f = 1/v - 1/u

=1/80 + 3/80

= 4/80

= 1/20

1/f = 1/20cm

so,

f = 20 cm .

The lens is convex and image formed at 80 cm from the lens is real and inverted.

36. Size of image of an object by a mirror having a focal length of 20 cm is observedto be reducedto 1/3rd
of its size.At what distancethe object hasbeenplaced from the mirror? What is the nature of the image
and the mirror?

Soln:
1
m=
3
1 1 1
Using + =

Calculate u;u = – 80 cm.

Image is real and inverted. Mirror is concave.

37. Define power of a lens. What is its unit? One student usesa lensof focal length 50 cm and another of –
50 cm. What is the nature of the lens and its power usedby each of them?

Soln:

Degree of convergence and divergence provided by a lens is called power of the lens. Unit of power of lens is
Diopter D.

focal length of lens used by first student is in positive hence it is a convex lens. The lens of second student is a
concave lens.
1 1
p== = =2
0.5
Power of lens (first student) =+2
Power of lens (second student) = ).2

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 NCERTExemplar for Class10 ScienceChapter 10 Light-
Reflection and Refraction

38. A student focussedthe image of a candle flame on a white screenusing a convex lens. He noted down
the position of the candle screen and the lens asunder
Position of candle = 12.0 cm
Position of convexlens = 50.0 cm
Position of the screen = 88.0 cm

(i) What is the focal length of the convexlens?

(ii) Where will the image beformed if he shiftsthe candle towards the lensat a position of 31.0 cm?
(iii) What will be the nature of the imageformed if he further shiftsthe candletowards the lens?
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to showthe formation of the image in case(iii) assaid above.

Soln:

Position of the candle flame = 12.0cm

Position of the lens= 50.0 cm

Position of the screen=88.0 cm

i) u= 50-12= 38 cm.

Image distance v= 88-50= 38cm

1 1 1
Focal length = - =

f= 19cm

ii) Object distance u= 50-31= 19 cm

Here

Object distance = focal length

Hence the I mage is formed at infinity.

iii)

If he further shifts the candle towards the lens. The object comes between F and 0. In this case. Image is virtual,
enlarged and erect and is formed on the same side of lens.

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Reflection and Refraction
iv)

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