GGAHHHHH

GRADE 10
JUNE 2024
MARKS; 150
DURATION; 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS:

SECTION A:
QUESTION 1: Climate and Weather (60)
QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60)

SECTION B:
QUESTION 3: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30)

2. Answer ALL THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line open between sub-sections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or
list.

10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hpa, 14
°C and 45 m.

11. You may use a magnifying glass.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1: 50 000 topographic map 2331 CC Phalaborwa and a 1: 10 000
orthophoto map 2331 CC 18 Phalaborwa (North) are provided.

15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the area
covered by the orthophoto map.
16. You must hand in the topographic and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the
end of this examination session.

1
QUESTION 1

1.1 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the
word/term next to the question number (1.1.1-1.1.8) in the answer book.

1.1.1. Lines connecting places with equal air pressure on a synoptic weather
map.
1.1.2. Process whereby water vapour becomes a liquid.
1.1.3. Lines connecting places with equal temperature on a weather map.
1.1.4. The pressure that the atmosphere exerts on the Earth.
1.1.5. The instrument used to measure temperature with.
1.1.6. The outermost layer of the Earth.
1.1.7. The process whereby rock breaks up into smaller particles.
1.1.8. The type of rock that forms when magma or lava cools down.

temperature. (8 x 1) (1)
1.2 Study FIGURE 1.2 showing three graphs on the structure and the composition
of the atmosphere.

1.2.1 In which layer of the atmosphere does the ozone layer occur? (1 x 1) (1)

1.2.2 Explain the relationship between altitude and air pressure. (1 x2) (2)

1.2.3 Explain the role of the ozone layer in the protection of life on
Earth. (2 x 2) (4)

1.2.4 Human activities caused great damage to the ozone layer.

Motivate / substantiate this statement. (2 x 2) (4)

1.2.5 Explain why parachuting form the thermosphere will be

unlikely and very hazardous to your health. Refer to TWO
weather elements in this layer that would be dangerous. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3Study FIGURE 1.3 showing the Greenhouse effect.

1.3.1 a) Identify the source of energy labelled A. (1 x 1) (1)

b) Which arrow indicates reflected heat? (1 x 1) (1)

c) Which arrow indicates re-radiated heat? (1 x 1) (1)

2
 1.3.2.” A greenhouse is a glass house that people use to grow
plants. The air inside stays warm because it traps heat”.
Examine how the Earth’s atmosphere works in a similar
way to the way a greenhouse works. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.3 Explain why the greenhouse effect is necessary for life on

Earth? (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 Discuss any TWO consequences of global warming for the

people of Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4 Study FIGURE 1.4. A and 1.4.B: Showing the structure of the earth surface
and volcanic intrusions respectively.

1.4.1 Identify the layers A, and D on figure A. (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.2 Which two layers of the Earth are in solid form? (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.3 a) Which layer of the Earth experience the highest

temperature? (1 x 1) (1)

b) Explain why the layer named at 1.4.3.a) is experience

the highest temperature. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.4 Identify the volcanic intrusion A and C in figure B. (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.5 What rock type does volcanic intrusions consist of? (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.6 Classify the features labelled F and I as either lava or

magma. (2 x 1) (2)

1.5 Study FIGURE 1.5 showing plate boundaries.

1.5.1 Name the types of plate boundaries illustrated by A, B and C

respectively. (3 x 1) (3)

1.5.2 Distinguish between mid-oceanic ridges and oceanic

trenches by referring to the different ways they form. (2 x 2) (4)
[60]
QUESTION 2

2.1. Choose a term from COLUNM B that matches the description in COLUNM A.
Write only the letter (A-L) next to the question number (2.1.1-2.1.10) in the
answer book, for example 2.1.11 J.

COLUMN A COLUNM B
2.1.1 Dew A Falling liquid water
2.1.2 landforms B Forms inside cumulonimbus clouds
2.1.3 Hail C Freezes the sap inside a plant
2.1.4 Caldera D Distinctive features that appear on the land that
have been produced by a variety of natural
processes.
2.1.5 tectonic E Occurs mainly in winter at the bottom of a valley
2.1.6 Rain F A collapsed volcano and often contains a lake
2.1.7 Divergent G Moving together
2.1.8 Convergent H Minute ice crystals that join together
2.1.9 Plate I Related to structural movements of earth’s crust
boundaries
2.1.10 Snow J Edges of the plates
K Moving apart
L Temperature of dew point is above freezing level
(10 x 1) (10)

2.2Study FIGURE 2.2: Moisture in the atmosphere

2.2.1 Identify the process illustrated by the sketch in Figure 2.2. (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.2 Define the term evaporation. (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.3 Explain the importance of evaporation in the formation of

clouds. (2 x 2) (4)

2.2.4 The precipitation in this sketch is caused when moist air is

forced up against a mountain range. Identify this type of
rain. (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.5 The type of rain mentioned in 2.4.4 often leads to the formation
of a rain shadow. Explain what a rain shadow is. (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.6 Precipitation is the life blood of life on land. It provides the

necessary water for all land-living organism to survive. In no
more than 6 lines write a paragraph explaining how rain
forms. (3 x 2) (6)
2.3 Refer to FIGURE 2.3 Use the synoptic weather map clip to answer the
questions below. This synoptic weather map is only an extract from a South
African weather maps which illustrates the weather for Marion Island and
answer the following questions:

2.3.1. State the time in South Africa when this weather information
was observed? (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2. Identify the lines labelled A, B, C and D. (4 x 1) (4)

2.3.3. Identify the season illustrated in this map? (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.4 Motivate your answer in 2.3.3 with evidence from the map. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.5 Describe the weather at Marion Island by referring to the

following:

a) Temperature

b) Dew point temperature

c) Wind speed

d) Wind direction

e) Weather

f) Air pressure

g) Cloud cover (7 x 1) (1)

2.4 Study FIGURE 2.4 Showing the map, photograph and article on the
Earthquake in Asia.

2.4.1. What is the magnitude of this devastating earth quake? (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.2. Where is the epicentre of this earthquake? (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.3. Explain what the epicentre of an earthquake is. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.4. Identify the deadly phenomenon originating in oceans

associated with earthquakes illustrated in the photograph. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.5 Why does this phenomenon influence the coastline the most? (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.6 Earthquakes are very destructive and, in this case, led to

the loss of the lives of more than 130 000 people. In a
paragraph of no more than 6 lines, explain how warning
systems and rescue operations can reduce the impact of
earth quakes in communities like this. (3 x 2) (6)
2.5 Read the article, FIGURE 2.5 A and the map FIGURE 2.5 B about volcanoes

2.5.1 Air traffic is regularly disrupted by volcanic eruptions in

Indonesia, which sits on a belt of seismic activity running
around the basin of the Pacific Ocean and is home to the
highest number of active volcanoes in the world, around
130.

a. Provide the name of the belt of seismic activity running

around the basin of the Pacific Ocean. (1 x 1) (1)
b. Explain why there is such a high frequency of active
volcanoes in this belt. (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.2 The volcanoes are classified as being active. Distinguish

between active and dormant volcanoes. (2 x 2) (4)

[60]
SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND

TECHNIQUES BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON
 N

Coordinates: 23°52' S; 31°04' E

Phalaborwa is a town in Limpopo, South Africa. It is located near the confluence of the Ga-Selati
River and the Olifants River, along the western border of the Kruger National Park in the Lowveld.
Tourism and wildlife play dominant roles in the life of this town. Attractions, such as the Blyde River
Canyon, the Three Rondavels, God's Window, Bourke's Luck Potholes and river cruises on the
Olifants River, make Phalaborwa an important tourist destination in this province.
[Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalaborwa]

The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographic map:

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS

Diggings Uitgrawings
Golf course Gholfbaan
River Rivier
Sewerage works Rioolwerke
Estate Landgoed
Salt pan Soutpan
Nature reserve Natuurreservaa
3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 Phalaborwa is located in the … province.

A Mpumalanga
B Northwest
C Gauteng
D Limpopo (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 23 on the index 2331 CC refers to…

A longitude.
B latitude.
C meridian.
D map code. (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 Refer to the trigonometrical station in Block E3 on the topographic map.

Give the height of the trigonometrical station (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 Refer to the two spot heights at 7 in Block B1 on the orthophoto map.
Calculate the difference in height between the two spot heights.
(2 x 1) (2)

3.1.5 Calculate the horizontal distance between the TWO spot heights mentioned
in QUESTION 3.1.4. (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.6 Using the answers from QUESTIONS 3.1.4 and 3.1.5, calculate the
average gradient between the two spot heights

Formula: Gradient = Difference in height / VI

Horizontal Distance HE (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.7 Compare your answer to QUESTION 3.1.6 to a gradient of 1:22 and

determine which on is steeper. (1 x 1) (1)

(10)

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

Refer to natural and constructed features in block D2 on the topographic map.

3.2.1 (a) Constructed features are (created by nature / created by humans).

(1 x 1) (1)

(b) Identify TWO constructed feature found in block D2 on the

topographic map. (1 x 2) (2)
 (c) Explain the use/importance of the constructed feature identified in
QUESTION 3.2.1 (b). (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.2 (a) Give the name of landform 8 in Block C1 on the orthophoto map.
(1 x 1) (1)
(b) Give ONE use of the landform mentioned in QUESTION 3.2.2(a).
(1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 Give ONE tourist attractions located in the Phalaborwa region. (1 x 1) (1)
 3.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1 Define the term remote sensing. (1 x 2)

3.3.2 Define the concept Ggeographic Iinformation Ssystem (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 Give any three components of GIS. (3 x (3)

1)

Refer to Block D1 and Block D2 on topographical map.

Give an example of the following:

3.3.4 (a) A human made feature (1 x (1)

1)

(b) A human-made polygon (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.5 Explain briefly why the orthophoto map can be classified as raster data.
(1x2) (2)
(30)

TOTAL; 150