LESSON 3

Writing task 1

The graph below shows the radio and television audiences in the UK throughout
the day in December 1992.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The graph compares the percentage of radio and television audiences over 4
years in the UK throughout the day from October to December 1992. Overall,
before 2:00 pm there were more radio audiences, while after 2:00 pm more people
turned to television.

Radio listeners increased substantially before 8:00 am, when the percentage
reached a peak of 27%. The percentage then declined steadily to 11% at 4:00 pm,
which was followed by a slight increase to 15% at 5:00 pm. However, from then
on, there was again a gradual decrease to 2% until 4:00 am, when the percentage
bottomed out. The period from 4:00 am to 6:00 am saw another slight rise to 4%
in radio listeners.

As for TV viewers, the percentage went up from 6:00 am to 8:30 am, when there
was a leveling off at 8% until 10:00 am. After a slight decrease, the percentage
rose sharply to 15% between 12 pm and 2 pm, before it dropped slightly. The peak
(45%) was reached at 8:00 pm after a massive rise from 14% since 3:00 pm.
However, the period between 8:00 pm and 3:00 am saw a slump in television
viewers. The percentage reached the bottom of 3% at 3:00 am, when there was a
slight rise afterwards. In conclusion, the prime time for radio and television was 8
am and 8 pm, respectively.

(226 words)

LESSON 4

Writing task 1

The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between
1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.
SAMPLE ESSAY

The graph illustrates the amounts of goods transported in the United Kingdom by
road, water, rail and pipeline between 1974 and 2002. Overall, the quantities of
goods transported by four methods showed a rising trend.

The largest quantity of goods transported both in 1974 and 2002 was by road
(70 million tonnes and 98 million respectively) while the lowest both in 1942 and
2002 was by pipeline (about 5 million tonnes and 22 million tonnes respectively).
The amount of goods transported by water was constant from 1974 to 1978, where
it showed an exponential growth, rising to almost 60 million tones after which it
plateaued for about 20 years before starting to rise gradually again.

The amount of goods transported by rail is almost constant at 40 million tonnes in

1974 and 2002, with decreases in quantity in between the year. It is also
interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in1994 in amount of goods
transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.

In conclusion, the road remains the most popular method of transporting goods
in the UK while water and pipelines were far less used as a method of transport.
(199 words)

LESSON 5

Writing task 1

The graph below shows the satisfaction rating of the staff in four colleges from
1991 to 2002.

SAMPLE ESSAYS

1. Sample answer (band 7)

The graph shows the satisfaction rating of the staff in four colleges from 1991 to
2002. It is clear from the graph that the rating of two of the colleges, B and C,
goes up and that of the other two, A and D, goes down.

Of the four institutions only one, College C, improved its rating significantly
over the period from just below 29%, the lowest rating, in 1991 to 80%, the highest
rating, in 2002. Between 1991 and 1995, the rating for College C hovered around
the 30% level, falling to a low of just over 10% in 1998. In 1999, the rating
rocketed to just under 70%, rising gradually thereafter to finish the period at
80%.

The satisfaction trend for College B over the period fluctuated, but was still
upward, climbing from just over 50% in 1991 to 70% in 2002. College A, by
contrast, showed a gradual decline over the period from a 60% satisfaction rating
in 1991 to 40% in 2002. Similarly, the fourth institution, College D’s rating after
hovering around the 40% level until 1997, declined gradually to 20% by 2002.

(187 words)

2. Sample answer (band 6)

The graph shows the satisfaction rating of the staff in four colleges, College A,
College B, College C and College D from 1991 to 2002.

Only one college, College C, increased its rating over the period from about 29%,
which was the lowest rating, in 1991 to 80%, which was the highest rating, in
2002. Between 1991 and 1995, the rating for College C stayed below 30% and fell
to a low just 10% in 1998. In 1999, the rating of College C rose to just under 70%,
and it rose gradually to 80% in 2002.

The satisfaction for College B over the period went up and down. It was still
upward. It climbed from just over 50% in 1991 to 70% in 2002. College A went
down gradually over the period from 60% in 1991 to 40% in 2002. The fourth
institution, College D stayed around 40% until 1997, and then it went down
gradually to 20% by 2002.

3. Sample answer (band 5)

The graph show the satisfaction rating of the staff in four colleges,College A,
College B, College C and College D from 1991 to 2002.

One college, College C, increased rating over period from about 29%, which was
lowest rating in 1991 to 80%, which was highest rating, in 2002. Between 1991 to
1995, rating for College C stay below 30% and fell to low of just 10 in 1998. In
1999, the rating of College C rised to just under 70%, and it rised gradually to
80% in 2002
Satisfaction rating for College B over the period go up and down. It was still
upward. It climb from just over50% in 1991 to 70% in 2002. College A fell down
gradually from 60% at 1991 to 40% at 2002.The fourth college,College D, stay
around 40% until 1997, and then it go down gradually to 20% by 2002.

LESSON 6

Writing task 1

The chart below shows the actual and estimated number of visitors to a new art
gallery from its opening date in 1990 up to and including 2001. It also indicates
three events in the gallery’s life.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The graph illustrates the actual and estimated visitors to a new art gallery
between 1990 and 2001.
It was estimated that visitor numbers would be just under 500,000 in the first year
rising gradually to double that number by the end of the period. While there were
some fluctuations in the actual number of people visiting the gallery, attendances
more than doubled from 1.5 million to just under 3.5 million in 2001.

Visitor numbers were influenced by three events during the period. In 1991, the
director of the gallery was sacked with numbers dropping from approximately 2.25
million in 1991 to under 2 million the following year. By 1994, numbers had
dropped to their 1990 level, when they started to rise.in 1995, when a new shop
opened, numbers had gone u to almost 2.5 million. By the time the new director
was appointed in 1995, numbers had reached 3 million. After that, they slipped
back, but then rose again.

It is clear from the graph that the actual number of people who visited the gallery
exceeded expectations by a wide margin.

(182 words)

LESSON 7

Writing task 1

The graphs below show the numbers and the percentages of children (aged 0-14)
and young people (aged 15-24) in the Australian population from 1958 to the
present, and projections until 2038
 .

SAMPLE ESSAY

The two run charts describe the past and forecast proportions and numbers of 0-
14 year olds and 15-24 year olds in Australia from 1958 until 2038.
The percentage of the younger age group has always been higher than that of
the older one since 1958. Both figures have generally declined and this falling
trend is expected to continue until 2038. More specifically, the figure for 0-14
year olds constituted a hefty 30% of the Australian population in 1958, more
than twice that for the older group. It is projected to fall to 20% by 2038. By
contrast, the proportion of the older age group, saw a slight rise of around 5% to
18% in 1970 before dropping steadily. The expectation is for the figure to
decline back to its 1958 level by 2038.

It is obvious from the second graph that the numbers of both 0 to 14-year-olds
and 15 to 24-year-olds has grown steadily from roughly 1.2 million and 3
million in 1958 to 2.5 million and 4.5 million respectively at the present time. The
figures are forecast to continue to rise to 3 million and 5 million by 2038.

In conclusion, the Australian population has aged and this trend is projected to
continue into the future.

LESSON 8

Writing task 1

The chart shows the end of year value for four major international money market
indices in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. [FTSE 100 = UK Market Index, Dow Jones
= US Market Index, KOSPI = Korean Market Index, CAC 40 = French Market
Index]
SAMPLE ESSAY

The chart describes changes in the value of four international money markets
over four years. Overall, all four of the market indices rose steadily in value from
2005 to 2007 inclusive, registering a sharp drop in value at the end of 2008. The
four markets seem to mirror each other’s performance, suggesting that there is a
strong correlation in market trends, a rise or fall in one index is reflected in the
other indices.

The American index was the strongest in each of the four years, peaking in value at
around 13,000 points in 2007, before dropping off to its lowest level at around
9,000 points in 2008. The British market index was the second-most valuable
throughout the four years, peaking in 2007 at about 6,500 points before registering
a 2,000 point drop in value by the end of 2008. The French and British markets
are closely aligned in terms of value and performance, suggesting their
economies may be of similar size, while the Korean market was the lowest-valued
in each of the four years, though it exhibited a similar performance trend.

From 2005 until 2007, the graph suggests that the global economy may have been
performing strongly since all four markets registered steady increases in value. It
is also clear that, in 2008, the economy contracted, both locally and globally, as is
reflected in the significant fall in market value registered across all four indices.

LESSON 9

Writing task 1

The graphs below provide information on global figures for urban populations in
different world regions.
SAMPLE ESSAY
The run chart describes the past and projected figures for the world population
throughout the 300-year period since 1800. The bar chart compares the figures
for urban population between developed regions and developing regions from 2015
to 2040.

The world population has recorded continuous growth since 1800. It took 120
years for the world population to double from 1bn in 1800 to 2bn in 1920.
However, over the next 100 years, the growth rate accelerated as it took only 50
years for the number to double, reaching around 7.5bn in 2020. The world
population is predicted to continue its rising trend and peak at 8bn in 2050. The
figure is subsequently expected to drop significantly to 6bn in 2100.

Most of the growth in urban population is predicted to occur in cities of developing

regions. It is forecast that the figure will show a sustained growth, reaching its
high of 4bn in 2040, almost triple the figure for developed regions in the same
year. By contrast, the urban population in developed regions is projected to
remain stable at 1.3 billion until 2040.

(186 words)

LESSON 10

Writing task 1

The charts below give information about weather in two Brazillian cities.
SAMPLE ESSAY

These charts give information about the rainfall and temperatures for the cities of
Brasilia and Recife, with additional data about hours of sunshine and days with
thunder.

Although temperatures in Brasilia can be quite extreme, from just above freezing
to 37 degrees, the average daily temperatures in Recife are not so variable. In
Brasilia the range can be as great as 15 degrees, but in Recife average daily
temperatures generally vary from 22 degrees to 31 degrees throughout the year.
The most noticeable contrast is in the rainfall. Brasilia is wettest from September
to May, with only two or three wet days in June, July and August. During the wet
months, there is thunder on approximately half the days. By contrast, Recife has
at least ten wet days, even in its driest season, which lasts from October to January.
From April to August there is rain on over twenty days per month. However,
thunder is less common there, with a maximum of three thundery days in April.

(164 words)

LESSON 11

Writing task 1

The diagrams below give information on transport and car use in Edmonton.
SAMPLE ESSAY

The pie chart describes the percentages of people in Edmonton who use four
different means of transportation. The table gives reasons for car use in the city.

As is shown by the pie chart, the car is the most popular means of transport in
this city as almost half of people in Edmonton travel by car. Light Rail Transit
follows closely, at 35%. Taxis and buses each account for 10% of passengers.

It is clear from the table that commuting to work is the biggest reason for car use
as a hefty 55% drive to work. Cars are also used a lot for taking children to school
or business purposes. The least percentages of people use cars for shopping and
leisure activities with each making up 15% of passenger choice.

To sum up, while people in the city of Edmonton make good use of alternative
methods of transport, they are still heavily dependent on car use.

(157 words)

LESSON 12

Writing task 1

The chart below gives information about the number of social networking sites
people used in Canada in 2014 and 2015.
SAMPLE ESSAY

The graph describes the number of social networking sites visited by internet users
in Canada in two separate years of 2014 and 2015. Overall, there was a growing
tendency to use more than one site.

Roughly one in five Canadians did not use any social networking sites in 2014 and
the number slightly dropped in the following year. The figure for one-site use was
the highest with 36% of people in 2014; however, it dropped significantly to 28%
in the subsequent year.

By contrast, the percentage of people using from two to five sites all showed a
growth over the period under study. Almost one fourth of Canadians visited two
sites. Far lower percentages of people used three to five sites with only a modest
2% of people in Canada visiting five sites in 2014 as opposed to 4% in 2015.

To sum up, more Canadian people used just one site but the figures for more than
one site use all increased.

(162 words)

LESSON 13
Writing task 1

Describe the graph below which shows Inland Energy Consumption in million
tonnes of oil/coal equivalents from 1992 to 1995.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The line chart describes the amounts of energy consumed in Inland measured by
million tonnes of oil/coal equivalents over a four-year period between 1992 and
1995. It is clear from the graph that the amount of energy consumed over the
period is relatively constant.

As is shown on the graph, among fossil fuels, namely petroleum, natural gas, and
coal, there was an inverse relationship between coal and natural gas with rises in
one energy source being mirrored by falls in another. Starting at around 55
points, natural gas rose to first overtake coal in mid-1992 and then petroleum
for part of 1995.

Meanwhile, over the period, consumption in petroleum fluctuated but ended the
period at approximately the same level at around 80 points. As regards the non-
fossil fuels (Nuclear and hydro-electricity), the use increased slightly from just
under 20 points to just over 20 points despite some dips over the period.
 LESSON 14

Writing task 1

The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European
countries.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The bar chart compares consumer spending on six different items in Germany,
Italy, France and Britain.

It is clear that British people spend significantly more money than people in the
other three countries on all six goods. Of the six items, consumers spend the most
money on photographic film.
People in Britain spend just over £170,000 on photographic film, which is the
highest figure shown on the chart. By contrast, Germans are the lowest overall
spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under £150,000) for each of the six
products.

The figures for spending on toys are the same in both France and Italy, at nearly
£160,000. However, while French people spend more than Italians on photographic
film and CDs, Italians pay out more for personal stereos, tennis racquets and
perfumes. The amount spent by French people on tennis racquets, around
£145,000, is the lowest figure shown on the chart.

LESSON 15

Writing task 1

The charts below show the average annual spending for Canadian households in
the year 1972 and the year 2002.

SAMPLE ESSAY

This chart compares the different things that Canadian households spent their
money on in the years 1972 and in 2002. It shows that the spending habits of
Canadians have changed a great deal in thirty years.

In 1972, most of the annual expenditure, 39 percent, went towards food. A large
percentage, 22 percent, was also spent on cars, are smaller, roughly equal
percentages were spent on petrol, furniture, restaurants, and books. Only three
percent of the annual expenditure went towards computers.
In contrast, in 2002, 40 percent of the annual expenditure went towards cars.
Only 14 percent was spent on food, and an equal amount was spent on restaurants,
so people seem to be cooking less. The amount spent on petrol and furniture only
changed slightly, and the amount spent on books decreased. Expenditure on
computers, however, increased to 11 percent, which is even more than what was
spent on petrol.

In conclusion, it seems that people in 2002 spent a higher proportion of their

money on luxuries, such as nice cars or eating out, in contrast to 1972 when more
seemed to be necessities such as food and furniture.

Sample 2

The graphs describe how Canadian families allocate their expenditures in two
separate years 1972 and 2002. Overall, there were dramatic changes in the
spending patterns of Canadians.

In 1972, almost half a Canadian household’s budget (39%) was spent on food.
However, the figure slumped to 14% in 2002. Expenditure on cars was 22% in
1972, nearly half that on food in the same year and almost doubled to 40% 30
years later, making it the biggest share of a family’s expenditure.

Similarly, restaurants and computers both recorded rises from 8% and 3% to 14%
and 11% respectively. A slight drop, on the contrary, was shown in the spending
on petrol and furniture with each accounting for 9% of a family’s budget. Books
also more than halved to 3% constituting the smallest proportion of expenditure.

In conclusion, spending on basic necessities like food and petrol declined while
that on luxuries such as cars and eating out showed an opposite trend.

LESSON 16

Writing task 1

The graph below shows female unemployment rates in each country of the United
Kingdom in 2013 and 2014.
SAMPLE ESSAY

The bar chart describes the rates of women who were unemployed in four countries
that make up the United Kingdom between 2013 and 2014. Overall, the figures
declined over the period.

As can be seen from the graph, England had the highest rate of unemployment
amongst females with the figure being 68% in 2013, dropping slightly to 65% in
the subsequent year. Scotland’s rate was the second highest as 6.1% of women in
this country were unemployed. However, the number rose slightly to 6.7, making
it the country with the highest rate of female unemployment in 2014.

To turn to Wales and Nothern Ireland, both countries experienced lower rates of
females out of work and the figures recorded a falling trend. More specifically,
the rate of Wales stood at 5.4% before dropping marginally to 5%. The figure for
Northern Ireland was slightly higher but saw a more dramatic decrease of 1%,
from 5.6% to 4.6%, the lowest level of all the four countries.

To sum up, the rates of female unemployment generally dropped with England
recording the highest figures.
 LESSON 17

Writing task 1

The graph below show the post-school qualifications held by Canadians in the age
groups 25 to 35 and 45 to 55.
SAMPLE ESSAY

The pie charts compare the percentages of 25-35 year olds and 45-55 year olds
who hold different post-school qualifications in Canada. Overall, the number of
younger adults with a degree is more than twice that of the older ones (515,600
as against 213,400).

It is clear from the graph that the most common degree is Social Science and Arts,
accounting for roughly one fifth of degree holders from both age groups. Slightly
lower percentages of younger adults aged 25-35 have degrees in Administration
and Science, Maths, Computers while for the older group, the second most
popular qualification is Engineering, at 19%.

By contrast, Humanities, MBA, and other degrees are far less popular, making up
11% collectively for both age groups. 15% of those aged 25-35 have a degree in
Education compared with 13% for the older age group. Nursing degrees are,
however, held by more 45-55 year olds than their younger counterparts, 11% as
opposed to 7%.

In conclusion, there are noticeable differences between the two age groups in
terms of the degrees they hold.

LESSON 18

Writing task 1

The bar chart below gives information about the percentage of the population
living in urban areas in different parts of the world.
SAMPLE ESSAY

The graph describes the past and projected percentages of city dwellers in six areas
in the world over the 100-year period from 1950 to 2050.

As is illustrated by the graph, Africa and Asia saw the most dramatic growth in
urban population, more than doubling to 37% and 41% respectively in 2007.
Similarly, Latin America increased significantly from 42% to 76%. There was a
less noticeable rise in urban population in Europe, North America, and Oceania.
However, in 1950, already more than half of the populations in these areas lived in
the city.

It is projected that by 2050 all the urban population in all six regions will increase
with at least half of the population in all six regions living in the city. The vast
majority of people (roughly 90%) in Latin America/ Caribbean and North
America ate forecast to live in urban areas by 2050. The greatest increase is
expected in Africa and Asia with a further increase of 25%.

LESSON 19

Writing task 1
The table below shows the results of a 20-year study into why adults in the UK
attend arts events.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The table illustrates four reasons why adults in the UK have attended arts events
over the past 20 years.

The reason most frequently cited for attending an arts event is the desire to see a
specific performer artist. The number has remained relatively stable throughout
the twenty-year period, varying from 58% twenty years ago to 56% today. The
second most popular reason, i.e. for special occasion/ celebration, has shown the
most noticeable decrease with the number falling from 27% to 9% at the present
time.

By contrast, the lowest percentage of British adults (6%) went to art events for
work/ business. However, the number has almost doubled over the period. A
more significant growth has been recorded in the percentage of people visiting
an arts event to accompany children as the figure has risen dramatically from 9%
to 24%, an approximately threefold increase.

To sum up, more people choose to attend an art event so as to accompany children
or for work-related reasons.

LESSON 20

Writing task 1
The table below shows the cinema viewing figures for films by country, in
millions.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The table compares the number of viewers from 5 different countries who watch
four genres of films namely Action, Romance, Comedy, and Horror. In general,
action films are the most popular genre and India records the highest number of
viewers.

With the total number of roughly 30 million viewers, action films are by far the
most favourable genre among all the five countries. The total number of viewers
for action films is nearly 30 million and in each country about 7-8 million people
watch them. By contrast, horror films are the least popular with 15.8 million in
total, half the figure for action films. Interestingly, Irish people showed obvious
preference for this genre as 6.4 million people from Ireland choose horror films,
almost triple the figures for India and Japan.

Romantic films and comedies have similar numbers of viewers, both at around 20
million. These genres are more popular with Indian viewers than the other four
nationalities as 14 million Indians watch the two genres.

LESSON 21

Writing task 1
The line graph gives information about the number of Iranian, Greek and Turkish
students who enrolled at Sheffield University between 2005 and 2009.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The run chart describes the enrolment of students from Iran, Greek and Turkish at
Sheffield university over the four-year period since 2005. Overall, the figures for
Iranian and Turkish students increased while that for Greek students showed an
opposite trend.

From 2005 to mid-2007, the numbers of students from Turkey and Iran rose
steadily from 20 and 40 to just over 60. From then on, the figure for Turkey
overtook that for Iran and its growth accelerated, reaching slightly over 120 in
2009. Meanwhile, Iranian enrolment continued to increase gradually until 2008,
at which point it shot up to 160 in 2009, four times its level four years earlier.

By contrast, starting at a far higher level of 180, the number of Greek students
dropped slightly in the first year before slumping to roughly 70 where the figure
leveled off from 2007 to 2008. It went down steadily to its lowest level of roughly
50 in the subsequent year, which was also the smallest number of the three
groups.

(171 words)
 LESSON 22

Writing task 1

The diagrams below show the changes that have taken place at West Park
Secondary School since its construction in 1950.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The diagrams show West Park School at three different stages in its development:
1950, 1980 and 2010. In 1950, the school was built close to a main road and next
to a number of houses. A large area behind the school was turned into a
playground, while the area behind the houses was farmland.

By 1980, the houses had been demolished in order to make way for a small car
park and an additional school building, which became the science block. In
addition to the existing playground, the school also gained the farmland and
converted it into a sports field.

In 2010, the school building remained unchanged but the car park was extended
to cover the entire sports field. As a result of this, the original playground was
divided into two so that it provided a smaller playground and a small sports field.

During this period, the school has increased in size and a car park has been
created and enlarged. The combined recreational areas, however, first expanded
and were then reduced in size.

(174 words)

Model answer 2

The illustrations show West Park Secondary School at three different stages of its
development over the 60-year period since 1950.

Over the whole period, while the two-lane road that ran past the school in the
North remained unchanged, the school and its surrounding area underwent
dramatic changes. In 1950, the school, which was located in the north east of the
area was surrounded by houses to its north east and a playground to its south.
There was a farmland adjacent to these facilities. In 1980, the houses were knocked
down to make way for the construction of a science block and a car park. A sports
field was built in the place of the farmland. 30 years later, in 2010, the sports field
was removed to make room for the extension of the car park. The playground
decreased in size to make room for the development of a smaller sports field.

To sum up, West Park Secondary school was almost totally transformed with more
facilities and amenities being constructed.

(169 words)

LESSON 23

Writing task 1

The diagram below shows the recycling process of aluminium cans.

SAMPLE ESSAY

Model answer 1

The diagram illustrates how aluminium cans are recycled. First, the cans need to be
taken to special collection centres instead of being thrown away with the normal
refuse. The cans are collected from here and taken to a factory where they are first
sorted and then cleaned. Next, the cans are shredded and crushed in a special
machine.

The metal is then heated to a high enough temperature to allow the aluminium to
melt. It is then rolled out flat to a thickness of between 2.5mm and 6 mm,
depending on what it is going to be used for. The aluminium is now ready to be
recycled into new packaging, such as drink containers.

Finally, the new cans are delivered to a soft drinks factory where they are filled.
The cans can now be sold to the public and reused. In the UK, 74 per cent of all
aluminium cans that are sold are recycled.

(155 words)

Model answer 2

The illustration describes the various steps in recycling aluminium cans. As is

shown by the diagram, the process goes through seven stages before a new can is
produced.

The process commences with used cans being collected from dustbins. These used
cans are then transported to recycling factories by garbage trucks where they are
cleaned before being sorted out. Cans that are made of aluminium are subsequently
shredded and compressed. At the next stage, the metal is heated to a high
temperature until it is melted. The melted aluminium is then moulded into rolls of
2.5-6mm band. The final stage is when these rolls are used to maufacture new
drink cans. Thanks to this process, 74% of used cans are recycled and reused in the
UK.

To sum up, the process of producing new cans from used aluminium containers is
an environmentally friendly process as it reuses almost three quarters of discarded
cans in the United Kingdom.

(156 words)

LESSON 24

Writing task 1
The flowchart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small
factory.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The illustration describes the different steps in producing colored plastic paper
clips in a factory. It is clear from the flowchart that the production goes through
four steps before finished products are sent out from the factory to the retailers.

The process commences with molten plastic being poured into a red mould, a
blue mould and a yellow mould where paper clips are made. Once these clips
emerge from the moulds, a quality control machine checks them for strength.
Those clips that are not qualified will be rejected. Subsequently, the clips are
sorted by hand into two groups, mixed colours and single colours. This is
followed by the quality control stage where the colours are checked to ensure
that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into single colours and mixed colour
batches. The final step involves packing and then dispatching the finished
products to the markets where they are sold to the end users.

(154 words)

LESSON 25

Writing task 1

The maps below show the changes that have taken place at Queen Mary Hospital
since its construction in 1960.

SAMPLE ESSAY

The diagrams show Queen Mary Hospital at three different stages in its
development: 1960, 1980 and 2000.
In 1960, the hospital was built close to a main road and next to a shopping centre.
A large area behind the hospital was turned into a car park, while the area behind
the shopping centre was farmland.

By 1980, the shopping centre had been demolished in order to make way for two
additional hospital buildings which became a pharmacy and a cancer centre.
Furthermore, the hospital gained the farmland and converted it into a nursing
school.

In 2000, the main hospital building remained unchanged but the cancer centre
was extended to cover the entire nursing school. As a result of this, the original
car park was divided into two so that it provided a smaller car park and a smaller
nursing school.

During this period, the hospital has increased in size and, in addition to a new
nursing school, a cancer centre has been created and extended. Hence the capacity
of the car park has been reduced by a half.

(178 words)

Model answer 2

The illustration describes Queen Mary hospital at three stages of its

development. Overall, the hospital and its adjacent facilities underwent dramatic
changes over the 40-year period after 1960.

In 1960, the hospital was located on the side of a main road and was adjacent to a
shopping centre to its left, a car park to its North East, and a farmland to its South
West. Over the period under study the hospital remained unchanged. By 1980 the
shopping centre had been knocked down and a cancer centre and a pharmacy had
been built in its place. The farmland was converted into a nursing school during
this time. By 2000, the nursing school had been demolished to make way for the
extension of the cancer centre. The car park was divided into two equal areas,
one of which was for the construction of a nursing school and the other was for the
parking purpose.

In conclusion, the hospital and its adjacent areas witnessed a total transformation
over the period covered by the maps.