Avoid repetition

1. Use "which"
Heavy trucks made marginal gains totaling 8.3%, which amounted to 416,00 registrations in
2014.
This contrasted with 5 person households (falling by a quarter to 6%) and 6 or more people in a
home, which plummeted from 6% to 2%.
The two main exports were petroleum products, which went from just over $61 billion in 2015
to around $63 billion by 2016, and engineered goods ($58 billion to $62 billion).
The biggest overall increase in percentage in any activity for women was for meditation which
rose from 7% in the youngest age group to 42% in the oldest age group.
2. Use "verb-ing"
There was also a fluctuation in attitudes to print resources, rising from 87 percent to 89
percent in the first five years and then falling by one percent in 2010.
Coal was used to produce 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in Australia in 1980, rising to
130 out of 170 units in 2000.
The only name to experience a continued fall in usage was George, dropping from just over
23,000, the most common name in the 1920s, to a low of approximately 1,500 names.
3. Followed by + nouns
In contrast, those houses with 1 car rose at less steady intervals from 35% to over 40% in 1981,
followed by a dip to under 40% in 1991, and finally a surge to 50%.
There were brief increases in the late 1940s and 1960s followed by more substantial falls,
particularly between 1950 and 1960.
There was a steady fall between 1940 and 1955, followed by a very gradual decline over the
next forty-five years.
4. before + verb-ing [contrasting figures] – before + N
Leading the chart in 2007, country A produced approximately 87 movies and this figure
remained unchanged the next year before decreasing to 80 in 2009.
In contrast, country D decreased sharply from around 13 films in 2007 to 8 in 2008 (the lowest
number among all countries that year) before recovering* to 12 films produced in 2009.
In contrast, Mexican imports stood at $6,000,000 before falling by more than half to
$2,400,000, and then recovering slightly to $3,300,000.
Following this, sales dip to $3,445 on Wednesday, before rising again to $3,800 on Thursday,
and then peaking at $4,350 on Friday.
Football, the sport most people were interested in, rose from just under 40% in 1995 to around
45% in 2000 before a slight dip in 2005.
In France, there was a sharp uptick of 10,000 emigrants to 33,000 in the first year before a
precipitous fall to under 20,000, the lowest figure for all nations.
The number of homes in this European country with no car stood at just under 50% in 1971,
before a steady decline by more than 5% each decade to finish at under 30% in 2001.
5. This figure
Around 70% of American adults were married in 1970, but this figure dropped to just under
60% by 2000.
Turning to the older demographics, for those aged 50-75, 50% had a university degree, 20% a
school certificate and 30% no qualification. This figure expanded to 72% for people over 75,
with just 3% having earned a school certificate and 25% a university degree.
In 2000, we can see that tourism was the greatest exports earner of the three industries, with
revenue standing at just over £8 billion. This figure has increased slightly, so that now, in 2013,
it has reached almost £9 billion.
6. but
As a result, the net migration figure rose to around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around
160,000 in 2008.
It is surprising to note that the percentage of female enrolments did not rise steadily, but
dropped between 1928 and 1958.
7. and
It grew sharply and peaked at nearly 5 per cent in 2005, then* fell dramatically to -5 per cent in
2008 before* recovering to 1 per cent in 2010.
In contrast, those houses with 1 car rose at less steady intervals from 35% to over 40% in 1981,
followed by a dip to under 40% in 1991, and finally a surge to 50%.
Specifically, about 8 films were manufactured in C in the first year, before this figure increased
twofold in 2008 and finally reached 18 movies in 2009.
Sample paragraphs
 1. The other countries generally remained below 30,000 British emigrants, beginning with
New Zealand (falling at steady intervals from 23,000 to 21,000 in 2007) and the USA,
which decreased steeply from the same starting point to under 20,000 in 2005, more
than recovering to 24,000 and then declining again to 20,000. In France, there was a
sharp uptick of 10,000 emigrants to 33,000 in the first year before a precipitous fall to
under 20,000, the lowest figure for all nations.
2. The number of homes in this European country with no car stood at just under 50% in
1971, before a steady decline by more than 5% each decade to finish at under 30% in
2001. In contrast, those houses with 1 car rose at less steady intervals from 35% to over
40% in 1981, followed by a dip to under 40% in 1991, and finally a surge to 50%.
3. The birth rate followed a falling trend overall from 2.5 per cent in 1940 to a projected
0.5 rise in 2020. There were brief increases in the late 1940s and 1960s followed by
more substantial falls, particularly between 1950 and 1960.
Linking phrases
In + year/In the year + number
 In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide.
 In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2
million respectively.
By + year (e.g., by 1990) + perfect tenses
 From there, both groups increased with broadly similar trends as the 16-24 year olds
had risen to 70% by 2015 and the former group had grown to 54%.
 However, by 2013, the figure had fallen considerably to 16%.
By + the end of the period
 Country E also experienced an upward trend, increasing from approximately 9 films to
around 12 films by the end of the period.
 Looking first at the countries that increased, Japan led the way going from $271,100,000
in 2010 to $287,400,000 before a surge to $325,300,000 by the end of the period.
Until + year
 The figure rose to around 3,700 in 2004, but then there was a downward trend until
2008.
 The figure for net migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until
2003.
Over the next…………….years,
 There was a steady fall between 1940 and 1955, followed by a very gradual decline over
the next forty-five years.
Between………………and…………………./From…………..to……………….
 It is surprising to note that the percentage of female enrolments did not rise steadily,
but dropped between 1928 and 1958.
 However, at the same time, the percentage of the student population who came from
abroad remained almost unchanged between 1928 and 1958, being 5% and 6%
respectively.
 From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised countries
almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people.
 Nuclear and solar energy were both stable at about 4 billion units from 1980 to 2010.
At the same time
 At the same time, the proportion of unmarried people and divorcees rose by about 10%
in total.
 However, at the same time, the percentage of the student population who came from
abroad remained almost unchanged between 1928 and 1958.
Over/During the same period
 Over the same period, changes in patterns of spending were evident.
 During the same period rail freight decreased to approximately 25 million tonnes.
Across the same……………….period,
 Across the same ten-year period, as an increasing number of people chose to purchase
films and music online.
In the same year(s),
 This trend continued* for both percentages with rentals declining sharply to 40% and
31% in 1981 and 1991, respectively. Likewise, ownership rose to 60% and 69% in the
same years.
* continue: make sure you described this trend before and on the same paragraph, then
you can use "continue" correctly.
For the remaining period
 At this point the figure stood at just over 1,000 incidents. This rose slightly in 2009, then
continued to fluctuate for the remaining period.