1

Lời nói đầu

*****

BỘ ĐỀ DỰ ĐOÁN IELTS WRITING FORECAST (BẢN CẬP NHẬT THÊM

CHO THÁNG 07/2024 – 08/2024)

Bộ tài liệu Writing Forecast bản đầy đủ cho 2 Tasks bao gồm các đề mới được cập
nhật thêm cho 2 tháng cuối quý 2 là tháng 7 và tháng 8/2024. Các bài mẫu đã được
chấm chữa cẩn thận bởi Ex-Examiner để giúp các em ôn luyện được tốt hơn ở kỹ năng
được coi là khó học nhất này.

Chúc các em sớm đạt Aim!

2
TASK 1

3
ĐỀ MỚI BỔ SUNG:

The line chart shows the average attendance at the cinema among various age
groups in the US from 2000 to 2011.

The line graph depicts the proportion of US residents visiting cinemas across four age
brackets between 2000 and 2011. Overall, cinema attendance increased in all surveyed
groups, with the 15 to 24 age group consistently documenting the highest rates.

Regarding the two youngest cohorts, roughly 15% of individuals aged 15 to 24 visited
the cinema in 2000, which approximately tripled around 2005. This was followed by
significant fluctuations before reaching a peak of nearly 60% in mid-2010 and finishing
at slightly over 50% by 2011. Moreover, the 7 to 14 age group experienced a relatively
lesser oscillating level, generally rising from 10% to 30% from 2000 to around 2007.
After a plunge to roughly 25% around 2008 and a surge to about 38% around 2009, it
receded to 30% by 2011.

Concerning the remaining age brackets, the percentage of residents aged 25 to 35

ascended considerably from roughly 5% to approximately 25% between 2000 and
around 2007, before dipping to about 18% by 2008. Subsequently, it soared to roughly
33% in the following year and converged with the 7 to 14 age group in the end at 30%.
Finally, the cinema welcomed approximately 2% of residents aged 35 and over in 2000,
after which it grew slowly over the period to around 12% by 2011, being the lowest
result throughout. (220 words)

4
The Bar Chart shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the
European Union. The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds
being spent on different forms of transport.

5
The bar graph compares the amount of CO2 emitted by six means of transportation in
the EU for each passenger kilometre, while the pie chart depicts the composition of the
budget that the EU allocates to various transportation methods. Overall, aircrafts release
the highest amount of CO2, whereas coaches are accountable for the lowest.
Additionally, roads receive the largest share of the EU funds.

Regarding CO2 emissions per kilometre for each passenger, aircraft discharge
approximately 375 grams, which is significantly higher than passenger cars at roughly
130 grams. This is followed by buses at about 70 grams. The figures for maritime, rail
and coaches are comparable at around 50 grams, with the last type of vehicle being the
lowest.

Concerning the allocation of funds, the EU dedicates the largest percentage of slightly
over half of its budget to roads. Railways account for 31% of the funds, which is about
triple the figure for public transport. Airports, intermodal, inland waterway, ports and
unspecified means each receive approximately 1 to 2%. (169 words)

6
The line graph shows the percentages of Australian export with four countries.
The graph below shows the percentage of Australian exports to 4 countries from
1990 to 2012.

The line chart compares the proportion of exports from Australia to four other nations,
between 1990 and 2012. Overall, the export percentages to Japan and the US decreased
over the period, while those to China and India rose. Additionally, the figure for China
showed the most significant growth to finish highest.

Regarding the decreasing categories, exports to Japan constituted the highest share at
the beginning of the period at approximately 27%, before plunging to precisely one-
fifth in the following five years. Subsequently, it declined at a relatively lower rate to
roughly 18% by 2012. Furthermore, the US experienced a fluctuation around 12% over
the first decade, prior to hitting a low of slightly over 5% in 2010 and finishing at about
7%.

Concerning the other nations, exports to China accounted for only about 3% in 1990;
however, it recorded a remarkable surge over the years and reached 30% by 2012,
overtaking Japan and the US to become the largest importer from Australia. Lastly,
exports to India accounted for the lowest initially at approximately 2%. Despite a
moderate rise to roughly 8% and surpassing the US in 2010, it dropped to about 6% by
the end and again become the smallest importer. (197 words)

7
The graph below shows the unemployment levels in Ireland and the number of
people leaving the country between 1988 and 2008.

The line chart details statistics regarding the unemployment rate of Irish residents and
how many of them migrated to foreign places from 1988 to 2008. Overall, compared to
the first year, while the proportion of people who did not have a job decreased markedly,
the number of people moving out of Ireland increased slightly. Moreover, for the most
part, the higher the unemployment rate, the more people moved out of Ireland.

Regarding the percentage of people without an occupation, it started at the highest result
of nearly 17% in 1988 but then fell to just over 12% in 1990. Despite recovering to
roughly 16% in nearly 1993, this dipped at about 5% in 2000, fluctuating at this level
until around 2007 before increasing to a high of approximately 10% by the end.

Concerning the number of Irish migrants to other nations, roughly 40,000 people
relocated in the first year, followed by a peak of nearly 70,000 in 1990. Thereafter, it
witnessed a dramatic drop to about 30,000 and then fluctuated for about 16 years, prior
to recording a rebound to just over 40,000 in the final year. (191 words)

8
The chart below shows the changes that tool place in three different areas of crime
in New Port city center from 2003 to 2012.

The line graph compares the number of different types of larceny in New Port city
between 2003 and 2012. Overall, fewer burglary and auto theft cases were recorded
over the period, while the number of robberies increased. Additionally, robbery was the
lowest throughout.

Burglary started the highest at nearly 3500 cases in 2003 then rose to a peak of
approximately 3700 cases in 2004. After plunging to roughly 1300 by 2008, it remained
relatively stable at just under 1500 for the rest of the period.

Car theft documented a plateau at around 2800 for the first two years, before dropping
to slightly over 2000 cases in 2006. Subsequently, it ascended moderately to
approximately 2600 in 2010 and fluctuated minimally around this level until the end.

Finally, robbery witnessed about 600 incidents in 2003 then grew to nearly 1000 in
2005. After this, it fell to a low of 500 cases in 2008, prior to a recovery to roughly 700
cases in the following two years. The remaining years of the timeframe experienced a
minor oscillation around 700 incidents of this crime. (174 words)

9
The table shows data about underground railway systems in six major cities with
date opened, kilometres of route and passenger numbers per year in millions.

The table depicts the information regarding serving period, length and commuter traffic
of underground train systems in six different metropolises. Overall, London possesses
the oldest and longest railway system among the given cities. Additionally, Tokyo
accommodates the highest number of train travelers annually. Typically, the older train
systems are longer and welcome more passengers.

Regarding the three older railway systems, London introduced its train network in 1863,
which consists of 394 km of rail tracks, hosting 775 million passengers every year. Paris
followed in 1900 with a 199 km long train route, which welcomes a higher traffic
number of 1191 million commuters per annum. Moreover, despite being established
later in 1927 and facilitating a shorter route of 155 km, the Tokyo underground railway
transports the highest number of 1928 million passengers yearly.

Concerning the remaining urban subways, the Washington DC railroad system was
founded in 1976 with 126 km of traveling route, which is a transportation means for
144 million people every year. Furthermore, Kyoto and Los Angeles implemented their
train networks in 1981 and 2001, respectively. 11 km is the length of Kyoto’s railway
system, while that of Los Angeles is 28 km, with each accommodating approximately
50 million passengers a year. (191 words)

10
The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK from 1979 to
1999 (millions), and about the most popular countries for UK residents to visit in
1999 (millions).

11
The line graph depicts the inbound and outbound tourism to and from the United
Kingdom between 1979 and 1999, while the bar chart illustrates the most common
tourist destinations for British people in 1999. Overall, both the number of UK residents
visiting other countries and overseas individuals traveling to the UK increased, with the
former being higher consistently. Additionally, France was the most popular destination
for British residents.

Regarding the line chart, the number of UK residents traveling overseas rose from
approximately 15 million to 20 million from 1979 to around 1986. After this, it
ascended at a higher rate to 30 million people in 1989, before continuing to grow
gradually to reach the highest point of roughly 55 million individuals by the end. The
figure for overseas visitors was consistently lower, which increased from 10 million in
1979 to around 22 million in 1999.

Concerning the bar graph, France was the most favored country for UK tourists in 1999,
which welcomed about 14 million people, followed by Spain at around 13 million
British residents. The USA accommodated approximately 4 million travelers from the
UK, which was marginally higher than Greece at about 3 million. The figure for Turkey
was the lowest at roughly 2 million. (206 words)

12
The illustration shows how the water cycle works.

13
The diagram demonstrates the hydrological cycle. Overall, the cycle comprises five
principal stages, commencing with the evaporation of seawater, progressing through
precipitation, and ending with transpiration, evaporation and some water returning to
the ocean.

The first three primary stages entail the conversion of evaporated water into rainfall.
Initially, seawater, being heated by sunlight, evaporates into invisible water vapour and
is carried by wind to coastal areas, which then cools down and synergizes with the
transpiration from vegetation and evaporation from lakes and rivers, condensing into
clouds. After being further propelled by wind to higher altitudes, the clouds undergo
cooling, precipitating as rain.

The remaining stages facilitate the conveyance of water back to the sea. The portion of
rainfall that descends upon lakes and rivers flows downstream into the sea, with a part
experiencing evaporation en route. Simultaneously, the remainder of the rainfall that
falls onto the grass percolates into the soil, bypasses a layer of porous rock and flows
above the impermeable rock layer into rivers, lakes and seas, initiating a renewal of the
water cycle. (176 words)

14
ĐỀ CŨ BẢN TRƯỚC:

The table below shows daily oil production in 4 countries from 2000 to 2004.
(Tonnes)

The table illustrates the amount of oil manufactured, in tonnes, across four different
nations, between 2000 and 2004. Overall, most countries recorded an increase, except
for Congo which displayed a reverse trend while maintaining its dominance for the
majority of the period.

Regarding the major oil producers, Congo started the highest with 275000 tonnes of oil
then declined constantly to 203000 by 2004. Moreover, the second highest production
in 2000 was documented for Nigeria at 205000 tonnes. It then decreased moderately to
190000 by 2002, before recovering to 210000 in the following year. Another slight rise
by 3000 in 2004 saw Nigeria overtake Congo to become the largest oil manufacturer
among the four selected nations.

Concerning the remaining countries, Somalia yielded a modest 5000 tonnes in the
beginning, then ascended continuously to 21000 by 2003. Subsequently, it surged to
precisely 50000 in 2004. Finally, Chad was absent in the industry in the first three years
of the timeframe then joined in 2003 with 8000 tonnes of oil. In the last year, the figure
more than sixtupled to 50000, catching up with Somalia. (181 words)

15
The world health organization recommends that people should eat five or more
portions of fruit and vegetables per day. The bar chart shows the percentage of
males and females in the UK by age group in 2006.

The bar graph provides the rate of men and women in the UK who included at least five
servings of fruit and vegetables into their daily diet in 2006, divided by age cohorts.
Overall, there was a general trend of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption with
age which peaked at the 55-64 age group for both genders. Additionally, the proportion
of females who reached the goal was higher than that of males in most categories, except
for the 75 one.

Regarding men, the proportion of residents aged 55-64 consuming five or more portions
of fruit and vegetables daily was the highest at approximately 33%, whereas the 19-24
age group had the lowest rate at 15%. People from 25 to 54 shared comparable rates of
around 20 to 23%. The figure for the 65-74 year old bracket made up roughly 28%,
about 3% higher than that of elders aged 75.

Concerning women, the 55-64 year-old group ranked 1st at nearly 35%, followed by
the 65-74 and 45-54 age cohorts at approximately 30% and 27%, respectively. The
shares of the two age groups of 35-54 and 75 were identical at 25%, slightly greater
than that of the 25-34 year-olds at roughly 23%. The youngest age profile had the lowest
rate of around 15%. (201 words)

16
The Graph shows information about the number of marriages in the UK from
1951 to 2001

The line chart depicts the total number of marriages in the United Kingdom between
1951 and 2001, categorized into first marriages and remarriages. Overall, the number
of first and total marriages decreased, while remarriage numbers witnessed a reverse
trend. Additionally, the number of first-time marriages was consistently higher than that
of remarriages.

Regarding the total number, it was fairly stable around 400,000 in the first decade of
the period, before surging to a peak of around 450,000 in 1971. From this point, the
figure decreased at a constant rate to approximately 375,000 in the end.

Concerning the specific breakdown, the count of first marriages increased minimally
from about 349,000 to roughly 352,000 from 1951 to 1971, after which it dropped
insignificantly in the following decade to around its initial level. A final plunge saw the
statistic drop to a low of 250,000 by 2001. As for remarriages, the figure maintained a
fair plateau of around 150,000 for the first 40 years of the surveyed census, and
subsequently soared to the highest point of precisely 200,000 by 2001. (185 words)

17
The diagram below shows the usual process a person must go through when
applying for a driving licence in one state in the US.

The image demonstrates the various stages in acquiring a driving license in a particular
state in the US. Overall, there are at least seven steps in the process if the applicants
pass all the requirements, and additional steps may be mandatory if they fail any stages.

The first four steps decide whether an examinee is qualified for the test. The potential
driver first needs to visit the license establishment to submit a filled form. After this,
they are required to pass an optical test in order to advance to the licensing procedures;
otherwise, they cannot be furthered.

The remaining steps involve payment and driving skill examinations. The contestant is
obliged to pay a charge before performing a written exam, which allows two failures
before entering the next step, otherwise they must pay the test fee once more to redo
this exam. This is followed by a driving test, in which applicants who pass will receive
their licenses, while those who fail must pay the charge again to re-enter the written
examination phase. (172 words)

18
The chart below shows changes in the number of international students in
Australia in 2019 and 2020.

The bar graph depicts the number of foreign students who studied in Australia in 2019
and the following year. Overall, Chinese students dominated throughout, whereas
Malaysia always experienced the lowest. Additionally, the number of Indian, Nepalese,
and Vietnamese students increased, while that of the others declined.

Regarding the increasing categories, the number of Indian students was roughly 92,000
in 2019 then rose moderately to about 110,000 the next year. This was followed by the
figure for Nepal, which was around half that of India in both years. Around 22,000
Vietnamese individuals studied in Australia in 2019, which then recorded a minimal
rise of about 1,000 in 2020.

Concerning the remaining countries, Australia welcomed the highest number of Chinese
students in both years, documenting approximately 182,000 in 2019 and 167,000 in
2020. The count of students from Brazil declined from about 23,000 to 21,000. Finally,
Malaysia exhibited the lowest numbers for both years, with approximately 22,000 in
2019 which dropped by about 2,000 in 2020. (178 words)

19
The table below shows the number of motor vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants in eight
countries in 1990 and 2000.

The table compares the number of motorised vehicles for every thousand people in 8
nations from 1990 to 2000. Overall, the figures for most countries increased within a
decade from 1990 except for Cambodia being the same, and Bahama and Chile seeing
a decline. Also noticeable is that Lusumalla was the leading country in both years,
followed by New Zealand.

Regarding the countries with an upswing, Lusumalla dominated this category in both
1990 and 2000 with a 3-digit jump from 548 to 728 vehicles. It was followed by New
Zealand which increased modestly from 531 to 557. Despite being lower, Brazil, Jordan
and Romania also experienced a rise in the number of vehicles per 1,000 residents with
Romania rising slightly by 12 to 80 vehicles in 2000. However, Brazil and Jordan more
than doubled and tripled to 135 and 157 vehicles respectively in the same year.

In contrast, the three remaining countries had different trends, and Bahama and Chile
experienced a drop in motor vehicle figures throughout. The number of vehicles per
1,000 Bahamian people saw a fall from 235 to 187, while that of Chile fell more slowly
from 62 to 60 vehicles. On the contrary, Cambodia was the only country remaining the
same with only 1 vehicle per thousand citizens in both years. (217 words)

20
The chart below shows changes in exporting goods in a country in 2009 and 2010.

The table depicts the export numbers across different commodities of an unnamed
nation in two consecutive years starting 2009, along with the percentage change.
Overall, most categories, including the total, increased over the period, except for
apparel and manufacturing. Additionally, metals witnessed the most significant rise.

Regarding the increasing categories, the highest export was recorded in equipment at
$10.3 billion in 2009, which then increased by 13% to $11.6 billion by 2010. The figure
for telecommunication increased significantly from 7.9 to 12.7 over the two years,
indicating a 61% rise. Moreover, metals also documented a remarkable surge from $2.3
billion to $4.1 billion over the period, which translated to a 122% increase. The total
value of exports ascended by one-fifth, from $32 billion to $38.4 billion.

Concerning the remaining goods, this nation exported $6 billion worth of apparel
products in 2009 then experienced a $1 billion decrease in the following year,
equivalent to a 17% drop. Finally, exports in manufacturing recorded a 27% decline,
from $5.5 billion to $4 billion over the given timeframe. (177 words)

21
The chart below gives information about European people of different age group
went to gym once a month or more between 1990 and 2010.

The line graph delineates the proportion of European residents who worked out at the
gym at least once a month, categorized into age cohorts, from 1990 to 2010. Overall,
gyms welcomed more members in all brackets over the given years. Moreover, the share
of gym-goers decreased with age.

Regarding the two youngest cohorts, nearly one-tenth of people in the 18 to 24 age
group went to gym in 1990, after which it surged exponentially to nearly 60% by 2006,
before remaining fairly stable in the following four years. Moreover, the percentage of
residents aged 25 to 34 began at a similar level as that of the youngest cohort, followed
by constant increments of approximately 10% every four years to reach 50% by 2010.

Concerning the older age groups, the figure for people aged 35 to 44 in 1990 was
roughly 5% which almost quadrupled by 2002. Subsequently, it plateaued for 4 years
and surged again to finish at nearly 40%. Finally, despite experiencing a significant
increase from about 4% to around 22% from 1990 to 2010, the rate of gym-goers from
45 years old and over remained the lowest throughout. (207 words)

22
The graphs below show the percentage of men and women aged 60-64 who were
employed in four countries in 1970 and 2000.

The bar charts illustrate the proportion of working individuals from 60 to 64 years old,
categorized by gender, in four different nations in 1970 and 2000. Overall, the rate of
employed males was higher than that of females for both years in all given countries.
Additionally, the percentage of both genders in all surveyed nations witnessed a
decrease throughout.

Regarding men, the employment rate in Belgium documented the most dramatic drop,
from 79% to 52% over the period. The figures for USA and Indonesia were comparable
at approximately 85% in 1970, which both then declined moderately to around three-
quarters 30 years later. Moreover, the rate of Japanese males decreased from 76% to
63% from 1970 to 2000.

Concerning women, Belgium also witnessed the most significant plunge over the
timeframe, from 63% to 8%. Employed females in the USA and Japan accounted for
78% and 56% in 1970, respectively; subsequently, both nations dropped to around 45%.
Finally, 65% of Japanese women worked in 1970, which decreased by 15% in 2000.
(165 words)

23
The maps below show the changes that occurred to a town named Willington in
1790, 1860 and 2000.

The pictures describe the alterations that took place in Willington town between 1780,
1860, and 2000. Overall, the most noticeable changes in the town was the removal of
all agriculture and woodlands. Additionally, the town had become more residential with
rising amenities.

Looking firstly at the west of the maps, there was a river running from the northwest of
Willington to the southwest. In 1860, a bridge was constructed across the middle of the
river and a road was opened near the bridge to the north, leading to the village in the
east. Moreover, a wetland for birds was built at the south end of the water flow in 2000
. The farming area in the middle of the town from 1780 was halved in size by 1860 and
completely removed by 2000. A row of shops was established, lining the eastern river
bank.

Turning to the east of Willington, the village in the northeast contained 100 homes in
1780, which increased in number to 200 in 1860 and reached 500 homes in 2000. The
woods in the southeast saw a decline over the years and were demolished entirely by
2000, giving space for new amenities including schools and sports fields. Finally, a road
was constructed to provide accessibility from the housing area to these new facilities.
(216 words)

24
The chart below shows the percentage of Australian people who were in different
places of the world.

The line graph depicts the proportion of Australian citizens who were born outside of
the country, with a further classification into three categories, from 1976 to 2011.
Overall, the total percentage witnessed an increase in the given period and this was
mirrored by the rate for Asia and aggregate unnamed areas, while that of the UK saw a
reverse trend.

Regarding the total, approximately 23% of Australians were born outside of the country
in 1976, which then decreased at a constant rate to slightly over 20% by 2001. After
this, the figure recovered and reached precisely one-fourth at the end.

Concerning the further breakdown, the proportion of Australians born in the UK was
the highest in 1976 at roughly 14%, then it declined continuously to 5% by 2011.
Moreover, about 11% of Australian citizens were born in other unnamed countries
combined initially, after which it plunged to a low of around 7% in 1986, before surging
to a peak of nearly 15% in 2006 and finished at approximately 13%. Finally, the rate of
Australian people born in Asia started the lowest at about 4%. However, it ascended
significantly to converge with the UK at roughly 8% around 1998, and with other
nations at roughly 14% around 2008, before ending at 15%, surpassing the other two
categories. (214 words)

25
The bar chart compares the proportion of various industries contributing to the
economy of Country B in three different years.

The bar chart compares the proportion of various industries contributing to the economy
of Country B in 1995 and 2015, and a prediction for 2025. Overall, finance is the only
industry expected to increase, and it was consistently the dominant category and will be
so in 2025. Notably, the fields of food processing, and oil, coal and gas are expected to
remain the same, while manufacturing and tourism are projected to decline.
Looking first at finance, in 1995, it accounted for the highest result of just over 30% of
the economy and rose to over 35% twenty years later. The trend is expected to continue,
and by 2025, this industry is predicted to have reached its highest point of roughly 42%.
The food processing industry, and the oil, coal and gas industry show a relatively similar
trend with the former at far lower rates. Despite increasing initially from about 10% to
20%, and roughly 25% to 31%, respectively, both sectors should drop back to their
starting points in 2025.
In contrast, manufacturing and tourism decreased by around 5% in 2015 to
approximately 15% and 20%, in turn. However, while the tourism industry is forecast
to remain unchanged, manufacturing is expected to fall further to a mere 5%. (207
words)

26
The charts below show the percentage of time working adults spent on different
activities in a particular country in 1958 and 2008.

The two pie graphs detail statistics about the timetable of employed adults in an
unnamed nation from 1958 to 2008. Overall, most activities recorded a higher rate of
time allocation except for bedtime and spending time with loved ones which both saw
a downswing. Moreover, people in this country spent more time at work than any
other pursuits.

Performing their work duties, having a sleep and going out with friends and relatives
contributed to the majority of time spent by employees in this country. In 1958, they
allocated a minimally higher proportion of time at the workplace than sleeping, at
33% and 32%, respectively. While the former increased by 9%, a 7% reduction was
seen in the percentage of the latter in 2008. Meanwhile, accompanying friends and
family members for entertainment dropped from 19% to 6% during the recorded
period.

27
Concerning other activities, downtime at home accounted for 8% at the beginning
before increasing to 13% by the end. Similarly, time allotted for other hobbies and
sports activities also rose, but more slowly, from 6% to 8%. In contrast, starting in
1958 at the lowest result of 2%, the figure for commuting increased fourfold to 8%
fifty years later, which surpassed going out. (198 words)

28
The picture below shows the recycling process of wasted glass bottles.

The diagram demonstrates how used glass bottles are recycled. Overall, there are eleven
steps in the process, beginning with the collecting of trashed bottles, followed by several
transformation stages, and ending with distributing stuffed bottles to the consumers.

The first seven steps involve turning used bottles into small glass pieces. At the
beginning, wasted glass bottles are gathered into a collection point, before being
transfered to another facility, where they are washed under high-pressure water to
remove the labels. After this, the bottles are sorted by color and another factory is
responsible for breaking them into small glass pieces.

The remaining steps produce the final bottled products. The pieces are then thrown into
a furnace to be burnt at 600 to 800 degree Celcius. Subsequently, the glass turns into
liquid and is poured into a mould along with new liquid glass, ultimately producing new
glass bottles. Finally, they are filled with liquid products and labeled, prior to being
delivered to supermarkets, ready to be sold to end customers. (168 words)

29
The diagram below describes how stormwater is recycled in an Australian city.

The diagram illustrates how rainwater is reused in an Australian metropolis. Overall,

there are nine steps in the process, starting with collecting water and ending with
pumping it for the utilisation of Australian people.
The first five steps involve the collection and purification of the rainfall. The process
commences with stormwater being collected in sewers before funneling it through a
tube which leads to a water recycling plant. In the factory, storm water undergoes a
four-stage purification process. The first phase begins with plastic and rubbish being
removed. Following this, the recycling process continues with the removal of small
particles, followed by the filtration of bacteria and viruses, in the third stage. The
elimination of unwanted molecules and salt is conducted in the final stage.
The remaining steps incorporate the treatment of raindrops for consumption.
Subsequently, chlorine, at a concentration level of 4 mg/l, is added for water
disinfection after which the water is stored in a water tank. The process concludes with
the water being pumped to Australian end-users to consume. (172 words)

30
The charts show world pineapple exports by the top three pineapple-producing
countries in 2009 and 2019, and a breakdown of the cost to the consumer of each
pineapple in 2019.

The graphs compare the export volume, in metric tonnes, of pineapple from three
different nations in 2009 and 2019, and a further breakdown of the costs involved in the
production of pineapple in 2019. Overall, Country A and Country C increased their
export volume over the years, whereas Country B declined. Additionally, distribution
and retail made up the largest proportion of pineapple production costs in 2019.

Regarding export volume, pineapple exports of Country B was about 4.5 million in
2009, which was the highest. By 2019, it dropped remarkably to approximately 1.7
million. Country A exported about 1.6 million in 2009 and increased significantly to

31
over 10 million ten years later, becoming the leading pineapple exporter among the
three countries. Similarly, Country C rose slightly from around 0.2 million in 2009 to
just over 0.4 million a decade later.

Turning to the cost breakdown in 2019, distribution and retail accounted for the largest
share, at more than one-third, followed by taxes at 16%. International transport and
import licences comprised 12% and 10%, respectively. Producer and export costs were
comparable at around 5%. (187 words)

32
The population of New Zealand between 2011 and 2012.

The census compares the population of New Zealand between 2011 and 2012,
categorized into age groups. Overall, the population of the nation increased in the given
period. In addition, there was a fall in the number of people who were 39 and under,
whereas the older groups experienced an opposing trend.

Regarding the groups that decreased, children under 15 years old and citizens from 15
to 39 reflected similar trends and extent. While the former dipped minimally from
roughly 802,000 in 2011 to 800,000 in 2012, and the latter fell from 1,520,000 to
precisely 1,500,000 throughout the period, both translated to a 0.2% decrease.

Turning to the growing population cohorts, while the age profile of 40 to 60 grew by
0.6%, from 1,400,000 in 2011 to 1,460,000 in 2012, a dramatic surge was witnessed in
the figure for the group of 65 and older, which ascended rapidly from 500,000 in 2011
to 900,000 in 2012, equivalent to a 4% increase. Ultimately, the total population in this
nation observed a rise of 0.6%, from 4,400,000 in 2011 to 4,460,000 in 2012.
(200 words).

33
The bar chart shows the average number of hours students in five different
universities studied.

The bar graphs compare the number of hours, on average, that students across five
colleges spent on learning, categorized into weekdays and weekends. Overall, students
at all selected universities spent more time on studying on weekdays than on weekends.
Additionally, University C recorded the highest studying time on weekdays, while
students at University A preferred weekends. Furthermore, University D spent the least
time studying on both weekdays and weekends.

Weekdays documented fairly comparable average study times across five given
universities, with that of students at University C being the highest at 10.6 hours. This
was followed by University B and E at almost identical figures of approximately 10

34
hours. University A showed an average 9.8 hours, whereas the lowest statistic was
witnessed from University D at 9.6 hours.

Weekends, on the other hand, exhibited relatively larger gaps among the surveyed
institutions. Particularly, University A and B saw the highest figures of 9 and 8.6 hours,
respectively. Students at University C spent nearly 8 hours studying, whilst those at
University E allocated a significantly lower amount of 6.2 hours. Similarly to weekdays,
University D saw the lowest average hours of 5.6. (197 words)

35
The graph below shows UK acid rain emissions, measured in millions of tones,
from four different sectors between 1990 and 2007.

The line chart compares the amount of acid rain emissions produced by different
industries, by millions of tonnes, in the United Kingdom from 1990 to 2007. Overall,
the amount of acid rain emissions from all given sectors decreased over the recorded
period, except for transport and communication which stabilized. Additionally, the most
dramatic fall was witnessed in the electricity, gas and water supply sector.

Regarding the major contributors. Transport and communication started the period at
around 0.7 and experienced a minimal fluctuation period until 1999, before a moderate
rise to precisely 1 million in 2005 then dropped rapidly to roughly 0.7 at the end. The
domestic sector leveled off at around 0.6 in the first 4 years, prior to a gradual decrease
to about 0.2 million by 2007.

Utilities and other industries combined contributed to the largest amount of acid rain
emissions in the country in 1990, at about 3.3 and 2.1, respectively. Subsequently,
electricity, gas and water supply dropped heavily to just 0.5 in the final year. Similar
decline, but to a lesser extent, other industries fell moderately to approximately 1.2 in
2007. (192 words)

36
The maps below show the layouts of nature Museum between 2010 and 2013.

The pictures illustrate the floor plan of Nature Museum in 2010 and its alterations by
2015. Overall, the premises had been expanded, with additional exhibition sites and
amenities for guests.

In 2010, the only entrance of the building was on the lower middle of the map, opening
to the lobby, which facilitated a ticket counter in its left. From this hall, there were two
doors; one leading upwards to a semicircle-shaped room featuring ocean exhibits, and
the other taking visitors leftwards to the Dinosaurs hall. A room for mammals was
located in the top left corner, adjacent to the Dinosaurs and Ocean hall with accessibility
to those sections by doors. Moreover, to the right of the building was an unused area.

By 2015, the premises were extended by a new room on the area of the unused land,
which held a cafe and shops on the bottom, and a smaller separate room for humans in
the middle right. The original mammal room was expanded in size and its exhibits were
relocated to the new room, freeing up space for ice age and insect displays. Finally, the
Ocean hall was also enlarged, while the rest of the facility remained unchanged. (199
words)

37
TASK 2

38
ĐỀ MỚI BỔ SUNG:

The majority of news being reported is bad news such as wars, famines, accidents
and crime. Why do you think that is? Do you think the news should be a balance
of both good and bad news?

Nowadays, a significant portion of information in the media is related to negative issues,

which could be attributed to the publicity purpose of media agencies and the level of
preparedness from citizenry. I disagree that news coverage should be well balanced
and strongly advocate that bad news should prevail for the benefit of the public.

The reasons for this phenomenon are two-fold. The strive for increased popularity
among media organizations is the pivotal driver. Specifically, negative stories often
capture the audience's attention more effectively than positive ones. For this reason,
media outlets focus primarily on emotionally charged content to drive higher
engagement. Additionally, the need for vigilance also results in the dominance of bad
news. Humans have an innate instinct to stay informed about potential threats. As a
consequence, the proliferation of adverse news results from this fundamental need,
helping the audience stay alert and vigilant to potential risks.

I believe that the negative news should continue to dominate the information terrain.
Primarily, bad news allows the public to make prompt decisions. By focusing solely on
negative issues that directly impact their lives, well-informed citizens can decide on
immediate measures to secure their welfare. Positive news, on the other hand,
encourages complacency among the public. Excessive highlights of uplifting stories
can create a false sense of security and undermine the perception of pressing issues that
need attention. For instance, continuous reporting of economic or technological growth
might overshadow ongoing societal problems such as poverty or environmental
degradation, ultimately leading to a lack of adequate measures to address these critical
issues.

In conclusion, the predominance of negative issues in the news is caused by the desire
for popularity of media entities and the precautionary nature of humans. Personally, I
contend that this disproportionate strategy is vital for citizens to make informed
decisions and eradicating complacency among the masses.
(307 words)

39
 English Vietnamese
Preparedness Chuẩn bị

Coverage Phạm vi phủ sóng

Pivotal driver Động lực chính

Vigilance Cảnh giác
Innate Bẩm sinh

Proliferation Phát tán

Alert Cảnh báo

Terrain Địa hình

Complacency Sự tự mãn
Disproportionate Không cân xứng

40
Some people think that art is an essential subject for children at school while others
think it is a waste of time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The essence of including art subjects in the school curriculum garnered support from
numerous individuals, whereas others assert that this is a meaningless subject. In my
opinion, art plays an instrumental role in students’ development.

Proponents of teaching art at school support their notion with two major reasons. First
of which is the numerous merits for cognitive development. Artistic pursuits have
long been praised for their ability to foster imagination and emotional expression,
allowing children to assess a topic from an innovative and unconventional
perspective. Moreover, these activities also facilitate cultural awareness by exposing
young minds to the diversity of different art styles and cultures from around the world.
This can eventually help them understand and appreciate the rich cultural tapestry of
mankind.

However, an alternative opinion argues that studying art during primary and
secondary education is a futile endeavour. Detractors criticise the impracticality of
this discipline. While core subjects such as science or maths may confer direct
benefits for students’ future employability, skills obtained from art are considered
non-essential in many realms, unable to translate to any clear comparative advantages
for a bright career prospect. Furthermore, in an educational system with limited
funding, organising art classes can be cost-inefficient. Spending on constructing
dedicated art rooms or employing competent teaching staff can burden the already
constrained budget; instead, this resource can be allotted to the financial aid for
tuition and textbooks for underprivileged students.

In conclusion, although I admit that providing art lessons at schools can be viewed as a
wasteful use of time and resources, I contend that they offer more long term benefits
regarding the development of creativity and culture exchange. Therefore, art education
should be incorporated in the pedagogical program.
(290 words)

41
 English Vietnamese
Unconventional Không theo quy ước

Tapestry Tấm thảm

Futile Vô ích
Detractors Những người chỉ trích
Allotted Được phân bổ

Underprivileged Thiếu đặc quyền

Pedagogical program Chương trình sư phạm

42
Some people think that new houses should be built in the same style as older houses
in the local area. Others disagree and say that local authorities should allow people
to build houses in the styles of their own choice. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

Opinions diverge on whether new housing developments ought to follow a pre-set

design of the surroundings or alternatively, house owners should be given full control
of their blueprints. This will discuss both notions and why I believe that it is
reasonable to allow the building of homes based on owners’ preferences.

Proponents of the uniformity of housing structures support their opinion with two
major reasons. Chief of which is that all construction projects can meet governmental
safety standards. This ensures all residences withstand natural calamities such as
earthquakes, hurricanes or floods. This also facilitates swift responses in cases of
emergency, enabling quick access for rescue teams and the safe evacuation of
residents. Moreover, this uniformity can increase property values. This may make the
neighbourhood tidier and more orderly, attracting more potential buyers.

However, an opposing notion suggests that people should be free to design their own
homes. One valid argument refers to the freedom of self-expression. Customised
homes can express owners’ creativity which reflects their personal needs, lifestyles or
budgets. For example, they can use eco-friendly materials instead of traditional ones,
reducing carbon footprints of construction activities and lowering costs. Furthermore,
individuals can enjoy more diverse architecture in their region. Compared to a
universally identical style, housing diversity can rejuvenate and beautify an area,
making it unique and attracting more tourists for economic development.

In conclusion, while I admit that identical home building can increase safety and
heighten values of real estate, I contend that the merits of permitting people to choose
their own house designs are more significant. By doing so, the alienable right of
personal autonomy is upheld and streetscapes are enhanced.
(274 words)

43
 English Vietnamese
Blueprints Bản thiết kế

Uniformity Tính đồng nhất

Calamities Thiên tai

Evacuation Di tản
Self-expression Thể hiện

Rejuvenate Trẻ hóa

Alienable Có thể chuyển nhượng

Upheld Được duy trì

Streetscapes Cảnh quan đường phố

44
Some people think that it is worth researching different minerals in space. Others,
however, disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Opinions diverge on whether or not mankind should conduct research about various
minerals available in the galaxy. I believe this scientific study is a waste of time.

Proponents of this research support its importance with two major reasons. One of
which is that this can provide human beings with more readily available resources for
sustainable future survival. In fact, due to many household and industrial activities,
many precious terrestrial minerals are being overly exploited, leading to exhaustion.
In the quest of solving this problem, the seeming abundance of rare galactical
elements may prove effective. Moreover, exploring space minerals could drive the
development of other spin-off technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics or
automation, benefiting humankind greatly in many ways.

However, an opposing notion criticises the funding of this exploration. The first
legitimate argument is that astronomical discovery is exorbitantly expensive, time-
consuming and labour intensive. All these resources can be more justifiably diverted
to solve other pressing earthly issues such as hunger, poverty or illiteracy.
Furthermore, the efficacy of space mining is still questionable because of the
technological and logistical hurdles. Due to these limitations, it is hard to harness and
transport the raw extracted materials from other planets to earth, making this proposal
seem vague and futile.

In conclusion, while I admit that the investigation of extraterrestrial mining offers

humanity chances to alleviate the scarcity of earth resources and facilitate scientific
innovations, I contend this action poses too many challenges, namely high costs and
technological constraints. Therefore, it should not be widely applied. Where possible,
the extraction of space minerals should be approached with caution without
compromising the needs for mitigating other urgent social issues.
(291 words)

45
 English Vietnamese
Terrestrial Trên cạn

Exploited Bị khai thác

Galactical Thiên hà
Spin-off technologies Công nghệ phụ
Exorbitantly expensive Đắt đỏ

Diverted Chuyển hướng

Hurdles Rào cản

Futile Vô ích

Extraterrestrial Ngoài trái đất

Constraints Những hạn chế

46
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die
out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this opinion?

As traditional skills and lifestyles vanish due to a nation’s focus on technological

advancement, any preservation efforts of these traditions are seemingly futile. I
mostly disagree with this opinion because these long-lasting activities can help protect
national identity and boost tourism although they may lack desirable features to
contribute to a sustainable and thriving economy.

One valid argument for my disagreement is that traditional practices are an integral
part of cultural heritage. By maintaining and transferring them to the younger
generations, they can understand and appreciate their origins, fostering national pride
and instilling a sense of belonging and unity amongst the populace.

Adding further credence to my belief is that this can attract tourists from around the
world. Tourism officials can tailor programs to satisfy the insatiable curiosity of
holidaymakers to explore and partake in local festivals and customs of unfamiliar
cultures, providing more income for both local governments and citizens. For
example, many craft villages in Vietnam welcome thousands of foreign arrivals
annually to witness artisans creating hand-made products such as clay pots or woven
silk attires.

However, I concede that traditional methods and lifestyles are devoid of mandatory
components for economic progress. They struggle to achieve significant scalability
and exhibit lower productivity. To illustrate, compared to time-consuming and labour
intensive techniques of artisanal crafts, the application of machinery in mass
production can yield higher output.

In conclusion, I largely believe that protecting conventional crafting methods and

indigenous lifestyles is not a meaningless action since they hold immense cultural
values and develop tourism. Nonetheless, in a competitive global market, their
contribution to the development of the economy is still questionable. Where possible,
this mandates proactive governmental measures like subsidisation or propagation to
maintain their survival without losing the strategic goal of advancing modern initiatives.
(295 words)

47
 English Vietnamese
Futile Vô ích

Integral part Phần không thể thiếu

Insatiable Không thể thỏa mãn

Artisans Nghệ nhân
Woven silk attires Trang phục lụa dệt

Devoid Không có

Scalability Khả năng mở rộng

Indigenous Bản địa

Immense To lớn
Mandates Nhiệm vụ

Propagation Truyền bá

48
Scientists believe that in order to protect the environment, people must use less
energy in their daily lives. However, most people have not changed the way they
live. Why do you think many people have not taken individual action? What could
be done to encourage them to take action?

Despite continuous calls from scientists, a large share of individuals still refuse to
reduce energy usage for daily activities to safeguard the environment. Bad personal
habits and a lack of awareness often undermine this effort; fortunately, proactive
governmental measures like financial incentives or educational campaigns can
motivate citizens to adopt this meaningful lifestyle.

There are specific drivers behind this predicament. Chief amongst them is the
reluctance of citizens to shift their behaviours. People tend to favour fixed routines
and any disruption or alteration to these long term habits may be regarded as
inconvenience. For example, although using mass transportation can be more eco-
friendly due to less energy usage, commuters still prefer driving personal vehicles.
Moreover, since the environmental impacts resulting from their everyday tasks are
often not clearly perceptible, people are indifferent to energy conservation efforts.

However, effective actions from governments can promote positive changes in social
behaviours. The first one begins with providing financial support for those who are
willing to switch to more sustainable practices. To illustrate, the authorities can
subsidise the installation of household solar panels or reduce public transport fares
with further funding. Furthermore, educating the citizenry to be more environmentally
conscious can be done through running social awareness campaigns, organising
workshops or promulgating the use of carbon-neutral technologies in their daily
lives.

In conclusion, persistent wasteful habits and indifference to ecological effects hinder

people from decreasing their daily energy consumption. Where possible, the application
of efficient fiscal policies and educational programs can encourage individuals to
consume less energy for their daily routines.
(257 words)

49
 English Vietnamese
Proactive Chủ động

Reluctance Miễn cưỡng

Perceptible Có thể nhận thấy

Subsidise Trợ cấp
Solar Panels Tấm pin mặt trời

Conscious Có ý thức

Promulgating Ban hành

Carbon-neutral Trung hòa carbon

Persistent Dai dẳng

50
In many cities, planners tend to arrange shops, schools, offices and homes in
specific areas and separate them from each other. Do you think the advantages of
this policy outweigh the disadvantages?

Urban areas often have many distinct zones for stores, educational institutions, office
buildings and residences, segregating them from each other. I believe the merits of
increased safety and pollution control overshadow the demerit of longer travel time.

The foremost benefit of organising designated areas for different purposes is enhanced
safety. Housing or educational sites, which are away from hectic commercial and
business ones, provide safer milieus for children and families to engage in daily and
playful activities without the fear of heavy traffic flow, reducing accidents. This
coupled with the potential for more effective police patrolling and surveillance
which ensure prompt responses to incidents and contribute to overall community
security.

Another positive implication is that this zoning policy enables better pollution
management. Industrial activities can be more efficiently limited to specific areas,
improving the quality of air, land, and water in housing areas. This can result in a
healthier populace due to less exposure to pollutants and excessive noise.

However, one valid concern is the prolonged commuting duration. People may have to
travel a farther distance for commercial, work or educational commitments, which can
escalate travel expenses and lead to fatigue. For example, the closest grocery store is
a 20-minute drive from my house, making it highly inconvenient when I just need a
simple ingredient to cook a meal.

In conclusion, I contend that the beneficial impacts of improved safety and decreased
pollution prevail over the main drawback of heightened commuting distances. Where
possible, cities should continue to implement and refine zoning policies to optimise
safety and environmental sustainability while addressing any potential challenges.
(264 words)

51
 English Vietnamese
Segregating Phân tách

Milieus Môi trường

Patrolling Tuần tra

Surveillance Giám sát
Incidents Sự cố

Exposure Tiếp xúc

Escalate Tăng dần

Fatigue Mệt mỏi

Prevail Chiếm ưu thế

52
Many people argue that in order to improve educational quality, high school
students are encouraged to make comments or even criticism of their teachers.
Others think it will lead to a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.

According to a theory, enhancement in education may emerge from enticing high school
pupils to suggest changes or provide feedback to their teachers. However, opponents of
this strategy assert that it may inflict disrespect and undermine discipline in educational
settings. This essay will elaborate on both viewpoints and provide reasons why I
contend with the latter.

Advocates for an environment open to criticism support their claim with two
justifications. At first, this practice can improve pedagogical quality. Students are the
primary recipients of education, thus by providing constructive criticism, they can help
teachers identify areas for improvement, leading to more effective teaching strategies
that cater to diverse learning needs. Moreover, it also contributes significantly to the
personal growth of students. Specifically, when students are encouraged to voice their
opinions, they feel that their perspectives are valued and are more likely to participate
actively in the learning process. This helps nurture critical thinkers and proactive
individuals, which can enhance overall motivation and academic performance.

However, critics argue that this suggestion may erode respect and discipline in the
classroom. The primary drawback arises from the maturity level of high school pupils.
Adolescents may not always possess the emotional intelligence or objective
observations required to provide rational feedback, therefore personal biases and
misunderstandings can influence their criticism. Another concern is the potential impact
on teacher morale. Continuous criticism can demoralize educators and negatively affect
their performance. Those who feel undermined by their students may become less
enthusiastic and committed, ultimately harming the educational experience.

In conclusion, both arguments have their merits. In my opinion, high school students
are still in their development phase and should not be strongly relied on to provide
criticism towards their teachers. I believe their immature judgment can adversely
undermine the student-teacher hierarchy, leading to disrespect and loss of discipline
within educational settings.
(297 words)

53
 English Vietnamese
Inflict Gây ra

Elaborate Làm rõ

Pedagogical quality Chất lượng sư phạm

Proactive Chủ động
Erode Làm xói mòn

Demoralize Làm suy yếu tinh thần

Immature Thiếu chính chắn

54
ĐỀ CŨ BẢN TRƯỚC:

Levels of youth crimes are increasing rapidly in most cities around the world.
What are the reasons and solutions for this?

Nowadays, there has been an increase in the number of youngsters committing crimes
in urban areas globally. This results from drug abuse and inappropriate content
consumption. To address this issue, the consequences of using illicit substances must
be widely distributed and positive content should be encouraged.

There are two reasons for this problem. Firstly, the use of illegal drugs contributes
largely to juvenile crimes. Indeed, substance abuse is common among youth nowadays,
which weakens their judgment and increases the possibility of committing criminal
behavior to support their addiction, such as robbing. The level of uncensored media
content is another cause of this issue. In this digital age, youngsters can easily find age-
inappropriate media content on the internet that has not yet been censored by the
authorities, which familiarizes them with violence and criminal behavior.

Fortunately, there are actions that can mitigate the issue. The first approach is to entirely
prevent the use of substances. Specifically, drug prevention programs must be a
mandatory course in schools and communities. By widely distributing the information
about drug abuse, the youth can understand the negative consequences to both
themselves and society, therefore discouraging the use of substances. Another method
is to reform the media content that young people consume. Particularly, governments
should promote the creation of only positive content, which provides non-violent,
healthier attitudes and behaviors among viewers.

In conclusion, substance abuse and inappropriate media are the two main causes of
youth crimes in most metropolises. To mitigate this problem, the authorities should
make drug prevention programs a must in schools, as well as encourage the making of
positive content for the young. Only with thorough collaborative efforts between
schools and parents, can youth crime be effectively addressed to maintain a safe society
for future generations.
(283 words)

55
 English Vietnamese
Abuse Lạm dụng

Inappropriate Không phù hợp

Illicit substances Chất cấm

Juvenile Vị thành niên
Robbing Cướp

Uncensored Không được kiểm duyệt

Censored Được kiểm duyệt

Non-violent Không bạo lực

56
Some countries invest in specialised sports facilities for top athletes but not for the
average people. Is this a positive or negative development?

Many nations allot a large sum of money on athletic amenities for their elite
sportspeople rather than the general public. From my perspective, while there are
admittedly a few benefits this trend may confer, this is still an overall negative
development to society.

The foremost reason for my belief is that this investment is exorbitantly expensive.
Given that governments only have a limited budget to spend on many different sectors,
they may have to reduce their spending on other more important areas of interest such
as healthcare or national defence. For example, there was a protest in Korea against a
bill to divert monetary resources allocated for funding universal education to prepare
professional athletes for the Asian Games. Thus, this reformation can significantly
polarise a nation.

A further counterargument for my opposition is that normal citizens will have less space
for exercise. This is because expensive areas designated for high-performance athletes
often consume the land that would have been used for public purposes. Consequently,
people in inner city regions or less developed suburbs who have limited access to open
space will find it difficult to do physical activities, aggravating the problem of modern
sedentary lifestyles.

Nonetheless, one pronounced benefit of this development is that it can bring accolades
to a nation. If their sportspeople can access top-level gyms and related amenities, they
can develop their innate talent to the fullest. As a result, they can improve their athletic
performance as well as reduce the risk of injury, thus having more chances of winning
a medal in an international competition. Countries like America or China are an
example of having facilities par-excellence for their most skilful participants to
maintain their top rankings in every Olympic Games.

In conclusion, I would like to reiterate that directing the state treasury in building
functional sports centres for world-class players is more concerning for the community
because of the budget deficit and a lack of training areas for the public. However, it is
justifiable that this practice can help a nation to raise their profile on the global stage.
(344 words)

57
 English Vietnamese
Athletic amenities Tiện ích thể thao
Elite Xuất sắc, ưu tú

Exorbitantly Cực kỳ

Areas of interest Lĩnh vực quan tâm

Protest Cuộc biểu tình

Bill Dự luật
Divert Chuyển

Reformation Cuộc cải cách

Polarise Chia rẽ

Designated for Được dành cho

Aggravating Làm trầm trọng thêm

Sedentary Ít vận động

Pronounced Rõ rệt
Accolades Lời khen, lời tán dương

Top-level Cấp cao nhất

Innate talent Tài năng thiên bẩm

Medal Huy chương

Par-excellence Tuyệt vời

Reiterate Nhắc lại

Functional Thuộc về chức năng

Budget deficit Sự thâm hụt ngân sách

Raise their profile Nâng cao vị thế

Global stage Đấu trường quốc tế

58
An increasing number of people are moving to cities. What are the causes of this
trend? What are some of its effects?

Nowadays, metropolitans are witnessing a large number of immigrants. This trend

results from better employment and education opportunities in cities, which
consequently lead to a pressure on urban resources and environmental degradation.

There are two reasons for this phenomenon. The first purpose of people moving to cities
is for better career opportunities and education. Indeed, large companies and reputable
universities are usually located in cities, which provide city dwellers with better options
to advance their career and academic pursuit. Another reason for this residing trend is
the improved living standards. Typically, cities offer better infrastructure and services
compared to rural areas, from transportation networks, healthcare facilities to leisure
activities. As a consequence, urban centers provide higher living conditions and
enhanced quality of life.

The effects of urbanization are varied. Firstly, this causes a strain on resources.
Specifically, the excessive number of people moving to cities increases the population
density, which often leads to overcrowding, rising property prices and housing
shortages. For example, the recent house price hike in Hanoi has significantly decreased
the possibility of families in the middle class to purchase a house. Secondly,
overpopulation contributes to environmental degradation. The increased road traffic
results in air and noise pollution, leading to negative consequences for residents’ mental
and physical health.

In conclusion, a large number of people are moving to cities for better jobs and quality
of life. The impacts of this situation may be a burden for city resources and a worsen
quality of the surrounding environment. Governments should also prioritize
investments in infrastructure development and create employment opportunities in rural
areas to share the burden for major cities.
(270 words)

59
 English Vietnamese
Immigrants Người nhập cư

Degradation Suy thoái

Reputable Danh tiếng

City dwellers Cư dân thành phố
Strain Sự căng thẳng

Population density Mật độ dân số

Overcrowding Đông đúc

60
Some people think that advertising may have positive economic effects. Others
think it has negative social effects because advertising makes individuals less
satisfied with what they are and have. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.

Opinions diverge on whether commercials confer many beneficial economic outcomes

or alternatively, they contribute to detrimental social consequences due to a decrease
in contentment with personal circumstances and belongings. I advocate
that advertisements play a crucial role in stimulating economic activity.

Proponents of the significance of advertising argue that it can drive economic expansion
in various ways. On a company level, infomercials are leveraged to promote the sales
of their products. By utilising various advertising channels such as television or online
platforms, organisations can articulate their unique features of their item to a broader
audience and stimulate their demand, thereby increasing their engagement and loyalty.
From an employee’s perspective, there will be more employment opportunities across
various advertising sectors. The advertising industry recruits a diverse range of
professionals, including copywriters, content creators or designers, providing
individuals with a stable source of income to support their livelihood.

However, opponents may criticise the negative influences of advertising with two major
justifications. Chief of which is that it perpetuates consumerism at the expense of
personal fulfilment. By equating satisfaction and happiness with material possessions,
this emphasises the display of personal wealth over other meaningful pursuits such as
self-development, relationships or experiences. Moreover, many businesses repeatedly
exaggerate their mediocre products to create an artificial perception in consumers, thus
manipulating people into believing that they urgently require such items. This may instil
a sense of inadequacy and dissatisfaction as individuals are constantly reminded of
perceived deficiencies in their lives.

In conclusion, I concede that marketing may facilitate a consumerist society and create
artificial needs in consumers, making them less content with their life. However, I
believe that its vital role in facilitating economic growth by increasing sales figures and
creating more job opportunities are of paramount importance. Therefore,
policymakers should encourage ethical advertising practices to develop the economy
while curbing the deleterious impacts of misleading commercials. (321 words)

61
 English Vietnamese
Detrimental Bất lợi

Contentment Sự hài lòng

Infomercials Thông tin thương mại

Leveraged Tận dụng

Articulate Trình bày

Engagement Sự tương tác

Perpetuates Duy trì

Exaggerate Phóng đại

Mediocre Tầm thường

Paramount importance Hết sức quan trọng

Curbing Hạn chế

62
Some people believe that anyone can create art, such as painting, poetry, music,
etc. Others think that a person should have special abilities to create art. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Opinions diverge on whether all individuals possess the ability to produce an artwork,
like drawing or composing poems and music, or alternatively, art is the domain of those
with innate talent. I contend that artistic expression is within the reach of even the
amateur.

Proponents of art being open to everyone support their opinion with two major
justifications. Chief of which is that due to personal perception and experiences, a
meaningful and profound art product to some may not necessarily resonate with others.
This signifies the freedom of crafting artwork regardless of concerns of immediate
criticism. Moreover, many non-professional artists have contributed significantly to the
artistic world, forming multifaceted perspectives for art. For example, despite remaining
anonymous, several tracks of independent musicians have become viral.

However, an opposing notion argues that art can only be created by those with rare
talents. One valid argument is that certain forms of art necessitate specialised techniques
which are gifted to a few people. This emphasises the significance of innate aptitudes,
which are unattainable through dedication or practice, to master complex
brushstrokes or perform sophisticated dance moves. Furthermore, professional artists
often invest years refining distinctive skills to create a masterpiece. Conversely, these
abilities are challenging for the general public to acquire as they have more important
personal obligations and commitments, leaving them less time to complete their work.

In conclusion, I acknowledge the importance of inborn abilities in artistic production

since numerous art forms mandate special skills and considerable time investment.
Nonetheless, I believe the making of art can be accessible to anyone because it is a
subjective topic and this also fosters diversity in this landscape. Where possible, while
recognising the value of professional artists, society should also embrace non-
professionals, rendering them less hesitant to contribute. (293 words)

63
 English Vietnamese
Innate talent Tài năng bẩm sinh

Amateur Nghiệp dư

Resonate Gây tiếng vang

Signifies Biểu thị
Aptitudes Năng khiếu

Unattainable Không thể đạt được

Brushstrokes Nét vẽ

64
Poaching is a persistent problem in many countries. What are the causes of the rise
in poaching? What are the effects of this practice?

Many nations face a pressing issue regarding wild animals being illegally hunted. This
trend results from the market demand for wildlife products and cultural values of animal
body parts, which consequently lead to biodiversity and economic loss.

There are two reasons for this phenomenon. One of the main drivers of poaching is the
need for wildlife products. Specifically, the market demands for various types of
products such as exotic meats or traditional medicines, which encourage poachers to
perform their illegal doings. For example, there is a misbelief that rhinoceros horns
can cure cancer, making this animal a target for poaching. Another cause of this trend
comes from cultural norms. Specifically, due to their symbolic values, animals are
hunted for their body parts such as ivory, skins or horns as trophies or collectibles.
This desire to possess rare wildlife products ultimately leads to the increased illegal
hunt of endangered species.

The effects of this trend are various. Firstly, poaching may cause biodiversity loss.
Particularly, it pushes endangered species to the verge of extinction, which can have
impacts on the entire ecosystem and disrupts ecological balance. Secondly, this
phenomenon may also result in negative economic consequences. This is because
wildlife-based tourism generates generous revenue for many countries, contributing to
local economies and livelihoods. By decreasing the wildlife populations, poaching
diminishes the viability of ecotourism projects, leading to economic loss for this
industry.

In conclusion, poaching has been an ongoing issue in many nations, which is attributed
to the rising demands of wild animals and its cultural values. As a consequence, it causes
ecosystem degradation and financial loss for the tourism industry. Governments should
impose stricter laws and penalties for poaching activities to mitigate this problem.
(282 words)

65
 English Vietnamese
Poaching Săn trộm

Misbelief Niềm tin sai lầm

Rhinoceros Tê giác
Horns Sừng
Ivory Ngà

Trophies Chiến lợi phẩm

Collectibles Đồ sưu tầm

Hunt Sắn bắt

Verge of extinction Bờ vực tuyệt chủng

Disrupts Phá vỡ

Livelihoods Sinh kế

66
Many young people do not know how to manage their money when graduating
high school. What do you think are the reasons? What can be done to teach them
this important skill?

Numerous students are devoid of financial management abilities upon completing

secondary education. The main causes are limited practical education and inhibiting
cultural norms; fortunately, an inclusion of personal finance training and effective
parental involvement can mitigate the problem.

The death of financial literacy in younger individuals may persist due to two major
factors. The foremost catalyst is that formal teaching curricula often neglect practical
financial skills while focusing on core academic subjects. This entails ill-preparation of
budgeting, saving or investment when youths transition into adulthood, making them
less confident in navigating finance-related matters. Moreover, this can be driven by
traditional cultural aspects as people view discussions abouts money-related topics as a
taboo. For example, parents may not openly share their economic situations with their
children because it is perceived as an inappropriate subject for younger minds, leaving
them little exposure to financial concepts and lacking a critical ability to excel in
today’s dynamic world.

However, proactive actions from schools and family members can raise students’
awareness about managing their monetary resources. The first solution begins with
educators as they can organise workshops or incorporate modules of money
management into the teaching programs. To illustrate, they can leverage technology to
gamify dry theories of finance into more interesting in-class activities, thereby
increasing students’ engagement. Furthermore, parents are encouraged to provide their
offspring with a very limited budget and advice on how to save, spend or invest
appropriately. Therefore, teenagers can acquire first hand experience of making
decisions with their own money, motivating them to become mindful spenders once
they are financially independent.

In conclusion, the predicament causing adolescents’’ illiteracy about pecuniary

resources is attributed to the absence of valid wealth management courses in formal
schooling and cultural barriers. Where possible, implementing financial training
subjects at schools and parents guiding them to spend their allowances responsibly can
empower juveniles with knowledge to make informed financial decisions later in life.
(308 words)

67
 English Vietnamese
Devoid Không có

Parental Phụ huynh

Persist Tồn tại

Teaching curricula Chương trình giảng dạy
Taboo Điều cấm kị

Inappropriate Không phù hợp

Exposure Tiếp xúc

Leverage Tận dụng

Gamify Biến
Offspring Con cái

Illiteracy Mù chữ

Pecuniary Tiền tệ

68
A large number of tourists are visiting a natural area, such as a beach or a forest.
What are the causes and effects of this?

Nowadays, travelers want to go sight-seeing in natural sites, including coastlines or

jungles. This trend results from the pollution problems of cities and the attractive
adventures these places may bring to visitors. Although it may cause harm to nature,
financial benefits emerge from this trend.

There are two reasons for this phenomenon. The main cause is because of the degraded
environment of urban centers. As the population in metropolises continues to grow,
pollution levels rise from the increased human activities. Consequently, people desire
for a destination in nature, where they can find cleaner air for a healthy vacation.
Additionally, many are drawn to natural regions for adventure. Unlike tourist
attractions in cities, natural locations encourage many adventurous activities such as
hiking or picnicking, which give visitors memorable and exotic experiences that
broaden their horizons.

However, people visiting natural areas results in both drawbacks and benefits. As a
negative, they contribute to environmental degradation. Indeed, the increased level of
human activities in these areas often leads to habitat destruction, pollution and
disturbance to wildlife. For example, people are likely to litter the forest with non-
biodegradable waste, which can negatively affect the ecosystems of natural areas. In
contrast, this trend may bring economic benefits. As tourist numbers increase, it can
improve local economies by creating jobs, generating revenue from accommodation,
dining and the sales of goods, ultimately enhancing the prosperity of local
communities.

In conclusion, the increasing level of tourists visiting natural areas results from the
pollution levels of cities and the desire for adventurous vacations. Despite the negative
effects it may bring to the surrounding environment, this trend contributes significantly
to the improvement of the local economies. By linking tourism revenue to conservation,
natural areas can be preserved while also generating economic development.
(290 words)

69
 English Vietnamese
Coastlines Bờ biển

Jungles Rừng rậm

Metropolises Đô thị
Degradation Suy thoái
Non-biodegradable Không thể phân hủy

Prosperity Sự phồn vinh

70
Some people think that the success of life is based on hard work and determination.
Others, however, believe that there are important factors, such as having money
or a good appearance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Opinions diverge on whether being successful in life depends largely on assiduousness

and perseverance or alternatively, elements like having wealth or possessing aesthetic
beauty are more influential to achievements. I advocate that successful people need a
combination of factors.

Many argue that diligence and determination are integral components of

accomplishments. Firstly, these traits empower people with a strong will so they are
less inclined to abandon their objectives. Instead of being deterred by obstacles, they
tend to persevere through difficulties and learn from failures, eventually producing
more desirable outcomes. Furthermore, assiduous and resilient people often aspire for
self-improvement as they are less likely to feel satisfied with their achievements. They
may engage in continuous learning to cultivate their skills to elevate themselves to
higher levels, which are critical in attaining their strategic goals.

Conversely, the importance of wealth and appearance should not be discounted

altogether. Psychologically, owners of these components can feel more confident to take
risks as they have more available resources to overcome setbacks. To illustrate, affluent
people may not hesitate to invest in a startup venture, knowing that they have the
financial means to offset any business losses and recover. Furthermore, in a society
where being rich and physically attractive is often valued, they may receive
preferential treatment than those who are less fortunate. For instance, an actor with an
aesthetically pleasing appearance is more likely to receive a contract in a blockbuster
which can be an uplifting trajectory in their professional career.

In conclusion, while being wealthy and beautiful can boost self-esteem and gain social
privileges, acting as important determinants to success, diligent and determined
individuals are also highly appreciated and consistently endeavour to enhance their
abilities to obtain long-term targets. Therefore, I firmly believe that if people want to
fulfil their objectives, a multifaceted approach that combines various elements is
necessary. (306 words)

71
 English Vietnamese
Assiduousness Sự cần cù

Aesthetic beauty Vẻ đẹp thẩm mỹ

Diligence Sự siêng năng

Inclined Xu hướng
Deterred Cản trở

Assiduous Cần cù

Setbacks Thất bại

Offset Bù đắp

Preferential Ưu đãi
Blockbuster Phim bom tấm

Trajectory Qũy đạo

Self-esteem Lòng tự trọng

Privileges Đặc quyền

72
Movies and tv shows are a good way to study history despite their lack of historical
accuracy at times. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people suggest that one of the effective ways of learning about history is through
movies and TV shows, although they may provide inexact information. While
acknowledging the effectiveness of visuality from this method, I mostly disagree with
regards to the possible false knowledge and the insufficient story-telling.

The first reason for my disagreement is that this form of material may promote
misinformation. Indeed, movie producers can introduce bias by describing history
with untruthful incidents or images to influence the facts. As well as this, wrong
knowledge may be spreaded because movies and TV shows sometimes contain unreal
details for dramatic effect. For instance, death punishment by electric chairs appeared
in the film “The Green Mile” which is set in Louisiana in 1935, however, this execution
form was not introduced until 1941.

Additionally, this method can result in an incomplete understanding of history. This is

because historical events can span over lengthy periods, which involve numerous
development and complicated details. Movies and TV shows, on the other hand, are
limited to a short runtime. This can oversimplify the actual events, giving learners little
understanding of how and why they happened.

Admittedly, this approach assists learners in the imagination process. Specifically,

historical events are rebuilt through motion pictures the way they happened or in some
cases, real footage is introduced. This way, viewers can easily visualize and study the
happenings of history. For example, the video recording of President Kennedy’s
assassination scene contributed significantly to the later investigation.

In conclusion, although learners can easily imagine the history through movies and TV
shows, I mostly disagree that these materials are a useful way to study history since they
may be used to misinform and only provide the partial truth. In addition to films,
viewers need to cross-reference with other reliable sources such as academic articles.
(304 words)

73
 English Vietnamese
Inexact Không chính xác

Visuality Sự trực quan

Insufficient Không đủ
Misinformation Thông tin sai lệch
Bias Thiên vị

Incidents Sự cố

Execution form Hình thức hành quyết

Span Kéo dài

Oversimplify Đơn giản hóa

Assassination Ám sát

Cross-reference Tham khảo chéo

74
Many people feel that most of the urgent problems can only be solved by
international cooperation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is believed global collaboration is the sole measure to many of the world’s pressing
issues. I mostly agree with this notion due to the complexity of these challenges and the
availability of more resources contributed by donors; however, there still exists the
concern of regulatory differences between nations, making it challenging to solve a
mutual issue.

One valid argument for my support is that numerous complex global problems
necessitate countries to cooperate. Challenges including environmental degradation,
terrorism or armed conflicts often transcend across borders so not a single government
is able to counter them. For instance, addressing climate change mandates joint efforts
from various nations to enter agreements to set their emission rate, thus reducing carbon
footprints.

Adding a further credence to my belief is that more resources will be readily available
to mitigate these issues. Countries can assess financial aid or manpower to achieve
shared targets. This is coupled with the technological transfer from developed nations
to emerging ones, which enables the sharing of advanced knowledge and expertise to
address challenges such as healthcare or hunger.

However, I concede that the effectiveness of coordinated work by nations can be

hindered by the divergent legal frameworks among nations. Each sovereignty may
have its own set of laws, or policies which create difficulties to consent to a matter
contradicting their interest. For example, in the pursuit of economic development,
poorer governments might lower their environmental protection standards to attract
carbon-intensive factories, undermining global conservation efforts.

In conclusion, I largely contend that the collective work of governments from around
the world is needed to resolve most thorny problems globally because of the
interconnectivity of these challenges and increased accessibility to resources.
Nonetheless, I admit that diverse legal structures worldwide may present obstacles for
the efficacy of this practice. Where possible, the authorities should engage in diplomatic
acts to reach consensus on solutions, eradicating any legal barriers. (315 words)

75
 English Vietnamese
Pressing issues Vấn đề cấp bách

Donors Nhà tài trợ

Mutual issue Vấn đề chung

Terrorism Khủng bố
Armed conflicts Xung đột vũ trang

Counter Chống lại

Credence Sự tin cậy

Manpower Nhân lực

Divergent Khác nhau

Sovereignty Chủ quyền

Carbon-intensive factories Các nhà máy sử dụng nhiều carbon

Undermining Làm suy yếu

Thorny problems Những vấn đề nhức nhối

Consensus Đồng thuận

76
These days, older people who have retired often choose to spend money on
themselves (for example on holidays) rather than save money for their children. Is
this a positive or negative development?

Nowadays, savings of senior retirees are usually allocated for their own interests, not
for their younger family members. Although this may negatively affect family
connections, I concede that this is an overall positive development since it motivates
young people to work hard and increases the quality of life for the elderly.

The primary benefit is that this behavior promotes independence among youngsters.
Indeed, when a sum of money from their parents is guaranteed for them to inherit, this
demotivates the will to earn for themselves. In contrast, if these individuals are not
promised any monetary assistance, they have to make efforts to work and provide for
their own needs, therefore encouraging the development of self-reliance.

Furthermore, this trend improves the quality of life for the elders. Specifically, without
the burden to assist their children financially, they can use their savings on health
products such as functional foods, or engage in leisure activities including travel. This
lowers the risk of diseases and relieves stress or anxiety, ultimately leading to better
physical and mental health.

However, this strategy may create conflicts between family members. In many cultures
around the world, it is a long tradition that parents leave an inheritance for their
children. Failure to obey this cultural norm may be considered as abandoning traditions
and creating tensions between family members, straining relationships.

In conclusion, instead of financially supporting their children, retired elders these days
generally spend money on themselves. I believe this is a predominantly advantageous
development because it fosters self-dependency among young individuals and raises the
living conditions for senior citizens. Nonetheless, this may disregard certain traditions
and weaken family bonds. Splitting their savings for both personal use and inheritance,
can help retirees to enjoy their life while simultaneously supporting their children.
(295 words)

77
 English Vietnamese
Retirees Người về hưu

Youngsters Thanh niên

Monetary Tiền tệ

Leisure activities Hoạt động tài chính

Ultimately Cuối cùng

Inheritance Tài sản kế thừa

Tensions Căng thẳng

Straining Làm căng thẳng

Disregard Coi thường

Splitting Chia tách

78
Scientific research should be funded by governments rather than commercial
organisations. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

There exists a viewpoint that governments, rather than profit-driven enterprises,

should be the entity responsible for grants of scientific research. Although commercial
companies can alleviate fiscal strains on state budgets, I mostly agree with this notion
as governments prioritize public welfare and offer more consistent funding schemes.

The first explanation for my advocacy of government funding is based on the primary
aim of the two said parties. Particularly, governments mainly focus on the benefits of
society as a whole, whereas commercial companies prioritize financial returns.
Consequently, instead of upholding the integrity of the objectivity, organizations may
introduce bias to influence the course of the research to align with their interests.

Another justification for my agreement is the stability of government sponsorship.

Indeed, government funding programs often provide more stable and continuous
support compared to commercial ones, which may fluctuate based on profit margins,
market conditions or simply changes in corporate structure. For instance, numerous
vaccination projects of the Vietnam Research Institute of Biotechnology were halted
after the bankruptcy of its parent company, a large pharmaceutical company.

Admittedly, fundings from commercial companies may alleviate the burden for
governments. Specifically, by sharing the responsibility of investing in scientific
research and development, organizations can contribute significant capital instead of
the authorities. With their assistance, additional funds will be available for governments
to address other pressing societal issues, such as poverty or unemployment.

In conclusion, despite the fact that commercial companies’ funding for scientific
research may lighten the economic pressure for governments, I predominantly contend
that this kind of research should be sponsored by governments, since they prioritize the
public interest and provide more stable funding programs. Ideally, a partnership of
government and commercial funding can provide a balanced approach, leveraging the
strengths of both sectors and optimizing the final results. (297 words)

79
 English Vietnamese
Profit-driven enterprises Doanh nghiệp hoạt động vì lợi nhuận

Grants Trợ cấp

Fiscal strains Căng thẳng tài chính

Funding schemes Chương trình tài trợ
Integrity Tính toàn vẹn

Sponsorship Tài trợ

Halted Dừng lại

Pharmaceutical Dược phẩm

80
In many countries, it is mandatory for school children to wear uniforms. Do the
advantages of this policy outweigh the disadvantages?

Compulsory school uniforms are a common practice in educational institutions

globally. I believe the merits of this requirement far outweigh the potential demerit.

One conspicuous positive impact requiring students to dress in the same attire is the
promotion of an egalitarian academic environment. This practice eliminates the
possibility of certain students wearing expensive or fashionable clothes while others
cannot afford them. Therefore, regardless of socioeconomic status, all students appear
the same in terms of clothing, erasing any visible indicators of wealth or social
standing within the school environment. This standardisation fosters a sense of
equality among students, creating a milieu that no one is singled out or treated
differently based on their clothing choices or economic background.

Another significant benefit of obligatory dress codes is their ability to reduce

distractions in the learning environment. By eliminating fashion competition and peer
pressure associated with clothing choices, uniforms create a conducive atmosphere for
academic focus. Students are less preoccupied with concerns about their appearance
and can channel their energy towards their studies.

However, the major concern is their limitation on students' ability to express

themselves. Clothing serves as a form of self-expression, allowing individuals to
showcase their personality, beliefs, and cultural identity. However, uniforms restrict
this freedom, leading to a homogenised appearance among students. This can stifle
creativity and individuality, impacting students' self-esteem and sense of identity.

In conclusion, although enforcing a rule to wear school uniforms can possibly

suppress the autonomy of personal expression, I still believe that this policy is more
beneficial as this promotes fairness amongst students and enhances focus in the
educational setting. Where possible, schools should continue to implement this
regulation while allowing students to have a casual weekday to freely display their
characteristics. (287 words)

81
 English Vietnamese
Educational institutions Cơ sở giáo dục

Attire Trang phục

Egalitarian Bình đẳng

Erasing Xóa bỏ
Milieu Môi trường

Distractions Xao lãng

Homogenised Đồng nhất

Stifle Kìm hãng

Suppress Ngăn cản

Fairness Công bằng

82
Nowadays, there is a trend that reports in the media focus on problems and
emergencies rather than positive development. Some people think it is harmful to
individuals and to society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In contemporary society, the predicament regarding media coverage prioritising

current negative issues and critical affairs instead of including positive headlines is
considered a detrimental development for everyone and society as a whole. Despite
the potential for instilling a sense of fear amongst the populace, I still mostly disagree
with this notion due to its ability to raise the audience’s awareness about pressing
societal challenges and increase the immediacy of responses from the authorities.

One valid argument for my disagreement is that people can become more discerning
about different social problems through continuous exposure to distressing events.
When people understand the issues, they can make informed decisions to retaliate
against them and find proactive solutions to mitigate. For instance, the exposure of
the recent scams in Vietnam, in which criminals sophisticatedly employed AI
technology to impersonate police officers and initiate video calls with civilians to
request private information, has heightened the vigilance of residents, helping them
avoid falling victim to such fraud.

Moreover, I also believe that the dissemination of information regarding issues and
crises serves as a pivotal tool in encouraging immediate measures from policymakers.
Through emphasising matters such as environmental degradation, societal inequities,
or health pandemics, the media possess the capacity to captivate public attention and
exert pressure on officials to confront such challenges.

However, I concede that repeated encounters with negative headlines can engender a
feeling of worry and anxiety amongst the citizenry. They may perceive their own
communities as unsafe and act with caution in every action, impacting their mental
well-being. For example, people may feel insecure and hesitate to perform their daily
tasks due to the high frequency of criminal cases and natural catastrophes in the media
which can reduce overall productivity.

In conclusion, the exclusive focus on problems and urgent matters in the media can
indeed instil apprehension among the public. Nevertheless, I remain predominantly
in dissent with the viewpoint that this strategy is detrimental to society, owing to its
capacity to augment the audience’s social awareness and expedite authoritative
response. (313 words)

83
 English Vietnamese
Predicament Tình trạng khó khăn

Media coverage Truyền thông đưa tin

Discerning Sáng suốt

Retaliate Trả thù
Proactive Chủ động

Scams Lừa đảo

Impersonate Mạo danh

Civilians Người dân

Vigilance Cảnh giác

Fraud Hành vi lừa đảo

Dissemination Phổ biến

Pivotal Then chốt

Degradation Suy thoái

Inequities Sự bất bình đẳng

Engender Gây ra
Perceive Nhận thấy

Apprehension Sự e ngại

Expedite Đẩy nhanh

84
More and more people are using computers and electronic devices to access
information; therefore, there is no need for printed books, magazines, and
newspapers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Advanced technology has nowadays revolutionized the way people acquire

information. This has sparked an opinion that printed materials such as books,
magazines and newspapers are no longer necessary since computers and electronic
devices can be a more efficient method. Although the traditional forms can provide
superior credibility, I mostly agree with this notion, as electronic devices facilitate
interactive information forums and immediate access to knowledge.

The foremost justification for my advocacy for technological equipment is that it also
offers an interactive platform for knowledge exchange. Particularly, these devices
enable users the ability to interact with the information they are acquiring, for instance,
comment on articles and even engage in debates with those with other stands. Unlike
traditional methods that limit people to mere reading, this provides them a diverse
range of perspectives and helps maintain a well-informed and critical citizenry.

Another positive influence is that this approach facilitates faster updates. Indeed,
electronic devices confer online and real-time coverage which allows followers to
remain current with the most updated events or knowledge. For example, this
immediacy is often extremely valuable during the reporting of natural disasters, when
timely information is critical to public safety, something that newspapers may fail to
deliver promptly.

However, one pronounced concern is the proliferation of fake news and

misinformation on the internet. The rise of social media and other online platforms has
promoted the dissemination of unverified knowledge, as the vast majority of
information circulating on the internet is not censored by the authorities. Conversely,
printed materials are often published by reliable sources such as the governments or
credible authors, which can guarantee the authenticity of the information.

In conclusion, despite the greater level of authenticity of knowledge that traditional

printed materials offer, I predominantly agree that obtaining information from
electronic devices can replace the traditional method as it encourages critical thinking
as well as updates the latest information for the readers. Where possible, governments
should work towards authenticating online sources to the same degree that they do
physical ones. (334 words)

85
 English Vietnamese
Sparked Làm dấy lên

Credibility Độ tin cậy

Forums Diễn đàn

Diverse Range Nhiều góc nhìn
Immediacy Tính tức thời

Proliferation Sự gia tăng

Dissemination Phổ biến

Unverified Chưa được xác minh

Circulating Lưu hành

Censored Kiểm duyệt

Authenticity Tính xác thực

86
In some parts of the world, traditional festivals and celebrations have
disappeared or are disappearing. Why is this happening? What measures could
be taken to ensure they do not disappear?

The disappearance of various traditional celebrations has been witnessed in many

parts of the world. Globalisation and technological advancements can undermine the
cultural significance of these events; however, a comprehensive approach involving
education and robust government support is essential to counter this problem.

The diminishing of local practices is attributed to two major factors. One primary
reason for the decline of traditional festivals is globalisation. As the world becomes
more interconnected, global cultural elements often overshadow local traditions. For
instance, Western holidays such as Halloween and Christmas are widely celebrated
across different cultures, leading to the erosion of indigenous festivals. Additionally,
the pervasive use of technology can lead to a decreased sense of community as people
become more isolated in their digital worlds, further undermining the collective
experience that traditional festivals offer.

To ensure the preservation of traditional festivals, effective measures can be

applied. Firstly, education plays a crucial role as this can instil an appreciation for
local traditions. For instance, community workshops and events that educate people
about traditional practices can foster a collective effort to keep these celebrations
alive. Moreover, substantial support from governments is necessary. Governments can
allocate funding to support the organisation of traditional festivals, ensuring financial
constraints do not hinder their continuity. This coupled with policies that recognise
and promote traditional festivals as public holidays can also boost their visibility and
importance.

In conclusion, the decline of traditional festivals is influenced by globalisation and the

pervasiveness of technology. To address this issue, a holistic strategy that includes
educational initiatives and proactive governmental actions such as effective
regulations to safeguard local values is crucial. (268 words)

87
 English Vietnamese
Undermine Suy yếu

Comprehensive Toàn diện

Robust Mạnh mẽ
Counter Giải quyết
Interconnected Kết nối với nhau

Overshadow Làm lu mờ

Erosion Xói mòn

Indigenous Lễ hội bản địa

Pervasive Tràn lan

Constraints Hạn chế

Hinder Cản trở

Holistic Toàn diện

Proactive Chủ động

88
The tradition of families getting together to eat meals is disappearing. What are
the reasons? What are the impacts?

The practice of family members gathering to share meals is diminishing. The main
causes are busy schedules and the prevalence of convenience foods and this trend
weakens family bonds and entails various negative health implications.

The decline of the habit of family meals is driven by two specific factors. One of which
is the hectic schedules for individuals, leaving people less time to spend with their close
relatives. They may prioritise other seemingly more important business pursuits or
personal commitments such as working overtime to finish a project or playing sports
over dining with their family. For example, while parents need to allocate extra hours
for work, their children have to enrol in many cram schools to keep pace with academic
content, therefore finding a common time to convene for meals has become more
challenging. Moreover, the increasing ubiquity of convenience food has exacerbated
the situation. In this fast-paced era, pre-packaged meals offer individuals a flexible
method of eating contingent on their schedules, which supersedes the time-consuming
process of preparing a homemade meal.

The consequences of this eroding tradition are manifold. Foremost amongst them is
decreased familial bonding. By forsaking these communal gatherings, families may
also lose opportunities for shared experiences and meaningful interactions, leading to a
sense of isolation and estranged relationships. Furthermore, this can inflict serious
health issues. When eating an excessive amount of convenience food, people may lack
certain essential nutrients for proper operation of their immune system. This is coupled
with a substantial level of calories contained in these food boxes, predisposing diners
to obesity, diabetes or other cardiovascular diseases.

In conclusion, the declined frequency of shared meals by relatives can be attributed to

the combination of overwhelming agendas and the prevalence of pre-prepared food.
Consequently, this poses valid concerns regarding diminished familial ties and
weakened well-being. Where possible, concerted efforts should be implemented to
curb the worst excesses of this tradition completely disappearing. (318 words)

89
 English Vietnamese
Diminishing Giảm dần

Hectic Bận rộn

Cram schools Trường luyện thi

Convene Cùng nhau
Exacerbated Trầm trọng hơn

Eroding Dần mất đi

Manifold Đa dạng
Forsaking Từ bỏ

Estranged relationships Mối quan hệ xa lạ

Predisposing Khiến cho

Cardiovascular diseases Bệnh tim mạch

Concerted Phối hợp

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Nowadays, instead of locally sourced produce, many supermarkets sell a variety
of foods imported from countries all across the world. Is it a positive or negative
development?

The globalisation of food markets has led to an increasing presence of imported

produce in supermarkets worldwide. I believe the positive aspects are more significant
than the negative ones.

The foremost benefit is that the availability of a diverse range of foods from around
the globe enriches consumer choice and enhances nutritional options. Access to exotic
fruits, vegetables, and other food products that are not locally grown allows
individuals to enjoy a varied diet, which is essential for maintaining good health. For
example, tropical fruits like bananas, avocados, and mangoes provide essential
vitamins and minerals that might be scarce in regions with temperate climates. This
expanded selection empowers consumers to adopt more balanced and nutritious eating
habits.

Another favourable impact is that the importation of food supports economic growth
by creating trade opportunities. Countries that specialise in certain agricultural
products can benefit economically by exporting their goods, leading to economic
development and improved living standards in those regions. For instance, countries
like Costa Rica and Colombia, which export coffee, gain significant economic
advantages that contribute to their national prosperity.

However, one significant concern is that the influx of imported foods also introduces
more competition for local farmers. Local farmers often struggle to compete with the
lower prices and variety offered by imported goods, which can lead to reduced market
share and income for these farmers. This heightened competition can strain small-
scale farms, potentially leading to their closure and adversely affecting local
agricultural communities.

In conclusion, the trend towards selling a variety of imported foods in supermarkets

represents a predominantly positive development. It enhances consumer choice,
fosters nutritional diversity, and promotes economic growth. However, the increased
competition posed by imported foods can make the food market more competitive for
farmers. (289 words)

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 English Vietnamese
Exotic fruits Trái cây ngoại lai

Tropical fruits Trái cây nhiệt đới

Temperate climates Khí hậu ôn đới

Prosperity Sự thịnh vượng
Influx Dòng chảy

Heightened Ngày càng cao

Closure Đóng cửa

Adversely Tiêu cực

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Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work
helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

There exists an opinion that voluntary work to help other people in society should be
mandatory for the young. Although this approach may result in prolonged processes, I
assert that any detriments can be eclipsed with possible benefits, including improved
sense of duties and skills enhancement.

The primary positive effect of this practice for young individuals is the development of
a sense of social responsibility. Particularly, voluntary activities that benefit their
communities assist young people to cultivate empathy and a deeper understanding of
societal issues. Ultimately, this fosters a sense of duty towards helping others and
contributes to the formation of future responsible citizenries.

Furthermore, mandatory community service offers significant benefits in terms of skills

acquisition. Specifically, volunteer work often requires communication skills and
problem-solving abilities, which are invaluable assets in both personal and professional
life. For instance, students participating in food charities have to master skills of
communication and logistics. As a result, young individuals can enhance their
teamwork, leadership, interpersonal skills, which prepare them for future challenges
and career opportunities.

However, this strategy may weaken the efficiency outcomes of community projects.
Unlike professionals, young people are usually inexperienced, which necessitates
organizers to arrange a great effort and time to prepare them with the instructions and
knowledge of each specific community work. Consequently, the process may be
prolonged or even failed to delivered the intended outcome, ultimately defeating the
alleged purpose of helping others.

In conclusion, I reiterate that despite community work may be lengthened with the help
of young people, regulating them with mandatory volunteer projects is an overall
beneficial strategy because it equips the young with societal awareness as well as skills
development. For unpaid work to be efficient for both young volunteers and the
community, it should be tailored to match the abilities and resillience of the young
generations. (303 words)

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 English Vietnam
Be eclipsed with Được loại bỏ

Cultivate Nuôi dưỡng

Citizenries Những công dân

Invaluable Vô giá
Inexperienced Thiếu kinh nghiệm

Intended Dự định

Defeating Đánh bại

Alleged purpose Mục đích được cho là

Lengthened Kéo dài

Tailored Điều chỉnh

94
Many museums charge for admission while others are free. Do you think the
advantages of charging people for admission outweigh the disadvantages?

Some museums require payment for entry, whereas others offer free admission. I
believe that requiring visitors to pay an entry fee presents more benefits than
drawbacks.

The foremost merit is more revenue generation. These funds play a pivotal role in
sustaining the operations of museums, ranging from artefact preservation to
educational initiatives. For instance, money earned from admission fees can support
the digitisation of exhibits, enabling broader access to cultural treasures beyond
physical museum walls.

Another positive implication is that admission fees serve as an effective mechanism

for crowd control within museums. By implementing a financial barrier to entry,
museums can regulate visitor numbers, thereby preventing overcrowding and ensuring
a more conducive environment for contemplation and learning. Consequently,
visitors can enjoy a more enriching and immersive experience within the museum
premises, free from the discomforts caused by overly packed areas.

However, one principal concern is decreased accessibility to museums. For many

individuals, especially those from marginalised communities or low-income
backgrounds, the financial burden of entry fees represents a significant barrier to
cultural participation. As a result, segments of society are effectively excluded from
accessing invaluable cultural and educational resources. This exclusion not only
perpetuates socio-economic disparities but also undermines the fundamental
principles of museums as inclusive spaces for all.

In conclusion, although imposing admission fees allows museums to make more

income and manage visitor counts efficiently, it can reduce accessibility. Therefore, I
contend that the positive aspects are more beneficial.
Where possible, museums should reduce or waive entry fees for certain
demographics, such as students or low-income individuals, while still ensuring
financial sustainability and maintaining the quality of visitor experiences. (270 words)

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 English Vietnamese
Pivotal Then chốt

Artefact Hiện vật

Digitisation Số hóa
Treasures Kho tàng
Conducive Thuận lợi

Contemplation Suy ngẫm

Premises Khuôn viên

Marginalised Thiệt thòi

Segments Bộ phận
Perpetuates Kéo dài

Disparities Chênh lệch

Inclusive spaces Không gian hòa nhập

Demographics Nhân khẩu học

96
Some people think parents should read or tell stories to children, while others
think parents need not do that, as children can read books, watch TV or movies
by themselves. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

While many advocate for the importance of parents reading or storytelling activities
for their children, others argue that such activities are unnecessary in an era where
children have easy access to books, TV, and movies. This essay will explore both
perspectives before presenting my opinion that a balanced approach should be
carefully considered.

On one hand, proponents of parental storytelling argue two major reasons for their
belief. Firstly, they argue that storytelling serves as a powerful tool for fostering
stronger familial bonds. By engaging in storytelling sessions with their children,
parents create intimate moments of shared experience, nurturing a sense of closeness
and understanding within the family unit. Secondly, supporters of parental storytelling
highlight its role in facilitating academic success. Research has shown that children
who are regularly exposed to storytelling from a young age demonstrate improved
literacy skills, language development, and cognitive abilities.

On the other hand, an alternative stance supports children’s freewill to engage in their
own activities. On a parent level, this viewpoint implies that advancements in
technology provide children with greater freedom to choose their own entertainment
and educational options, thereby allowing parents more time for other endeavours.
From a child’s perspective, encouraging children to read or watch on their own fosters
self-reliance and critical thinking skills, empowering them to navigate the
complexities of the digital age. In today's fast-paced world, where both parents often
work full-time, advocating for children's autonomy in accessing media can alleviate
parental stress and foster a sense of independence in youngsters.

In conclusion, while technological advancements offer parents more free time and
help cultivate youths’ independent abilities, parental storytelling helps strengthen
family connection and assist children with academic success. By striking a balance
between parental guidance and children's autonomy, this helps cultivate well-
rounded individuals equipped to thrive in an ever-evolving world. (300 words)

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 English Vietnamese
Perspectives Quan điểm

Intimate Thân mật

Closeness Sự gần gũi

Literacy skills Kỹ năng đọc viết
Cognitive abilities Khả năng nhận thức

Freewill Tự do

Self-reliance Tự lực
Critical thinking Tư duy phản biện

Navigate Điều hướng

Alleviate Giảm bớt

Autonomy Quyền tự chủ

Well-rounded Hoàn thiện

Ever-evolving Không ngừng phát triển

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Các khóa học IELTS Online Cá nhân hóa tại IELTS I-Ready:

 Khóa học IELTS Mất gốc 4 kỹ năng – Pre IELTS:

https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/ielts-mat-goc-4-ky-nang-pre-ielts/

 Khóa học IELTS Nền tảng 4 kỹ năng – IELTS Foundation:

https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/khoa-ielts-foundation/

 Khóa học IELTS Bứt tốc 4 kỹ năng Cá nhân hóa 1-1 – IELTS Intensive:
https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/but-toc-4-ky-nang-ielts-intensive/

 Khóa học IELTS Speaking bứt tốc Cá nhân hóa 1-1 – Speaking Acceleration:
https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/speaking-but-toc-speaking-acceleration/

 Khóa học IELTS Writing bứt tốc Cá nhân hóa 1-1 – Writing Acceleration
https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/ielts-writing-but-toc-writing-acceleration/

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