¥

Heat .

It is form of energy
which

is transfer from one

body to

another due difference

to temp .

( High temp to low temp )

It determines in thermal
change
-

of
state body and occurs due to
difference in the of hotness of
degree
two bodies .

Heat flows until there is top - diff

S I unit :
joule
-

c. G S unit 1
ergo
-

1J =

lottery ,,
 Temperature
It is a measurement of hotness
or coldness of an
object .

SI unite Kelvin
F
'

other unit : C ,

Zeroth law of 8
thermodynamics

A D D

DA
-

B B-Dc
Thermal equilibrium Thermal equllibnn

DATZ
'

i .

Thermal equilibrium
 Study of low .

temperature is called

Cryogenics
-

Study of high top known

-

as
Pyrometng
 8
Temperature Scale

Let Scale → re

Readig=%
F. P →
Freezing Point
Point
B. p
Boiling
→

For Celsius

FP= 0°C BPI love

For Kelvin
f- P= 273K BP =
373K

For Fahrenheit

FP = 32nF B- F- 212 F
II.
=

35%7 =
II.IE .

¥ KILI FIE FEET

= -
-

-
-

:÷k=i=⇐÷÷
c=ECF
k=ct
A) There is scale N in which

BP & FP are 180k & look

what will be the top in C. F & K
when the

isllGR.AT
top
'

faulty
A thermometer reads 5

at FP & 95 at BP find out

'

the temp in k when it reads 30

mass
unit

M 2 → 2K
=

Heat
←
IT specific
Capacity
 lcal=4
Cu) Thermal %
Capacity
*

It defined as heat per unit

temp
change
in .

µ=¥① "

Ii:
I
Cdlk
H = d-
Q→ Heat
AT
AT
change
→

in
temp
H -3
Thermal

capacity
 >
on The lower and upper fixed points
-2°C
of faulty thermometer are

and 102°C ,
respectively . If the

thermometer needs 38°C on this

thermometer . Find the correct

temperature on the Celsius scale

E a

¥=f%#]xu
I = xu

C = 90×2 XT
-

( 04

c=38
 :
Specific Heat
cap-aa.ly
*

Kors )

D → zic -
> zic

fft
Ga

The amount of heat required for

a unit increase in the temperature
of unit mass of a substance
is called it 's
specific heat

-
i

.
C =
d- S I unit :
-

M AT J

1kg -
k

i .

M -
s mass

Q=mCD •→

DT
Heat Enemy
→
change
in
tap .
A> How much heat is
required
of of
Dog
raise the
to temp
water from 5C to 95°C
( Cw
420051kg )
= -

(w Specific heat of water

capacity
-

② = m C DT

102×10-3 15
'

100g kg
M =

C = 4200
AT =
95 -
5 got
R=
fix 4200 x 901
Q= 9200 X 9
= 37800J

|Q=37a8K#
-
 60°C
500g
As of hot water at

is in
kept open
air till it 's

falls
'

to 40 C calculate
temperature
lost
surrounding
heat energy to the

by water ( Cw 4200
Thye )
-

a* )
0
DT =

Latent Heat

920005
=
E-
Change of Phase 8

Solid Liquid Melting Point

→

Point
Liquid → Gas
Boiling .

A) Latent Heat 8

Amount of heat absorbed or

released per unit mass of a

body
change of
at
during state
constant temperature .

S Innit II
-

L I Q=m L
kg
=

Latent heat of fusion

-

( Solid to liquid )

Latent
of vaporization
heat
-

liquid to Ceos)
Solid

"" " "

 Heat Transfer

① Conduction

It due to vibration &

-

occurs

collision of particle

Medium is ✓
necessary
-

It is the slowest of all

=

② Convection
-

Air water
 ?
Radhika

Electromagnetic wave
-

It is the fastest mode of

-

heat transfer .

V. accum
 without greenhouse effect

the of
average temperature
each 's surface is -

18°C
=

Conversion of vapour directly

solid
to is
deposition .
 W -

-
F. S

↳ Displacement

i¥
)w=FsosTf
→
' .
'

a -
-
o a -480 6=90

-
W
-
- FS WI -
FS w=o

w=o
.
f- e' =
2£
"
pf=
MJ Mrs mass

¥¥in÷¥
' g gravity
,

h
height
= .

)
'

KE =
Im Cr -
u

'

KE
E mu
-
-

KE =
Cm PI ,
Eminem Enn
%
F -3 momentum
flower =

w¥÷I

-746watt①
"
"

won
Heat
.
Emir
AN
→ theory
FN ,