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    Chapter 14 Tro Homework Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Ilona Radu
    This document contains solutions to equilibrium chemistry problems from Chapter 14. It begins by calculating equilibrium constants (Kc or Kp) for several reactions from given data at specific temperatures. It then works through multiple reaction problems using the ice table method to determine equilibrium concentrations or pressures from initial concentrations and K values. The problems demonstrate how to set up and solve ice tables algebraically or with assumed approximations in order to determine equilibrium amounts of reactants and products. Le Chatelier's principle is applied to predict how different disturbances would shift reactions to re-establish equilibrium.

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    Chapter 14 Tro Homework Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Ilona Radu
    298 views10 pages
    This document contains solutions to equilibrium chemistry problems from Chapter 14. It begins by calculating equilibrium constants (Kc or Kp) for several reactions from given data at specific temperatures. It then works through multiple reaction problems using the ice table method to determine equilibrium concentrations or pressures from initial concentrations and K values. The problems demonstrate how to set up and solve ice tables algebraically or with assumed approximations in order to determine equilibrium amounts of reactants and products. Le Chatelier's principle is applied to predict how different disturbances would shift reactions to re-establish equilibrium.

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    This document contains solutions to equilibrium chemistry problems from Chapter 14. It begins by calculating equilibrium constants (Kc or Kp) for several reactions from given data at specific temperatures. It then works through multiple reaction problems using the ice table method to determine equilibrium concentrations or pressures from initial concentrations and K values. The problems demonstrate how to set up and solve ice tables algebraically or with assumed approximations in order to determine equilibrium amounts of reactants and products. Le Chatelier's principle is applied to predict how different disturbances would shift reactions to re-establish equilibrium.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    298 views10 pages

    Chapter 14 Tro Homework Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Ilona Radu
    This document contains solutions to equilibrium chemistry problems from Chapter 14. It begins by calculating equilibrium constants (Kc or Kp) for several reactions from given data at specific temperatures. It then works through multiple reaction problems using the ice table method to determine equilibrium concentrations or pressures from initial concentrations and K values. The problems demonstrate how to set up and solve ice tables algebraically or with assumed approximations in order to determine equilibrium amounts of reactants and products. Le Chatelier's principle is applied to predict how different disturbances would shift reactions to re-establish equilibrium.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Chapter 14: 12, 18, 22, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 72

    14.12 Calculate Kp for each reaction:


    A. N2O4 (g) 2 NO2 (g) Kc=5.9x10-3 at 298 K
    B. N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) Kc = 3.7x108 at 298 K
    C. N2 (g) + O2 (g)2 NO (g) Kc = 4.10x10-31 at 298 K
    SOLUTION:

    A.

    B.

    C.

    14.18 Consider the reaction:


    H2(g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g)
    Complete the table. Assume all the concentrations are equilibrium concentrations in M.
    T (C)
    25
    340
    445

    SOLUTION:
    Its just all about K

    [H2]
    0.0355
    0.0485

    [I2]
    0.0388
    0.0455
    0.0468

    [HI]
    0.922
    0.387

    Kc
    9.6
    50.2

    At 25C:

    At 340C:

    At 445 C:

    T (C)
    25
    340
    445

    [H2]
    0.0355
    0.343
    0.0485

    [I2]
    0.0388
    0.0455
    0.0468

    [HI]
    0.922
    0.387
    0.338

    Kc
    617
    9.6
    50.2

    14.22 Consider the reaction:


    SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
    A reaction mixture is made containing an initial [SO2Cl2] of 0.020 M. At equilibrium,
    [Cl2]=1.2x10-2 M. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant (Kc).
    SOLUTION:
    All equilibrium problems have THREE parts!
    1. Balanced equation:
    SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
    2. Equilibrium constant expression (K equation)

    3. ICE chart
    SO2Cl2
    I
    0.020 M
    C
    -x
    E
    0.020-x

    Cl2 (g)
    0
    +x
    0.012 M

    SO2 (g)
    0
    +x
    x

    Cl2 (g)
    0
    +0.012 M
    0.012 M

    SO2 (g)
    0
    +0.012 M
    0.012 M

    From the Cl2:


    0+x=0.012 M
    x=0.012 M

    I
    C
    E

    SO2Cl2
    0.020 M
    -0.012
    0.008 M

    14.24 Consider the reaction:


    CO(g) + 2 H2 (g) CH3OH (g)
    A reaction mixture in a 5.19 L flask at a certain temperature contains 26.9 g CO and 2.34 g H2.
    At equilibrium, the flask contains 8.65 g CH3OH. Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the
    reaction at this temperature.
    SOLUTION:
    All equilibrium problems have THREE parts!
    4. Balanced equation:
    CO(g) + 2 H2 (g) CH3OH (g)
    5. Equilibrium constant expression (K equation)

    6. ICE chart
    CO (g) +
    I
    C
    E

    -x

    2 H2 (g)
    -2x

    CH3OH (g)
    +x

    Since Im looking for Kc, easiest to just do the ICE chart in molarity from the beginning.

    AT EQUILIBRIUM AT EQUILIBRIUM AT EQUILIBRIUM

    CO (g) +
    2 H2 (g)

    CH3OH (g)
    I
    0.185 M
    0.224 M
    0
    C
    -x
    -2x
    +x
    E
    0.185-x
    0.224-2x
    0+x=0.0489M
    From the methanol (CH3OH), we know that x=0.0489 M

    I
    C
    E

    CO (g) +
    0.185 M
    -0.0489
    0.136

    2 H2 (g)
    0.224 M
    -2*(0.0489)
    0.126

    CH3OH (g)
    0
    +0.0489
    0.0489M

    Then I just plug it into the K-equation

    14.28 Nitrogen dioxide dimerizes according to the reaction:


    2 NO2 (g) N2O4 (g)

    Kp = 6.7 (at 298 K)

    A 2.25 L container contains 0.055 mol of NO2 and 0.082 mol of N2O4 at 298 K. Is the reaction
    at equilibrium? If not, in what direction will the reaction proceed?
    SOLUTION:
    This is just a question of Q versus K.

    Since we have Kp, we should use atmospheres.

    Since Qp < Kp, the reaction is not at equilibrium. Q is too small, meaning not enough products
    (or too many reactants), so the reaction must proceed to the right to make more product to get to
    equilibrium.

    14.32 For the reaction, Kc=255 at 1000 K.


    CO (g) + Cl2 (g) COCl2 (g)
    If a reaction mixture initially contains a CO concentration of 0.1500 M and a Cl2 concentration
    of 0.175 M at 1000 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of CO, Cl2 and COCl2 at 1000 K?
    SOLUTION:
    Hey, you know what? All equilibrium problems have THREE PARTS!
    1. Balanced Equation
    CO (g) + Cl2 (g) COCl2 (g)
    2. Equilibrium Expression

    3. ICE Chart

    I
    C
    E

    CO (g) +
    0.150 M
    -x
    0.150-x

    Cl2 (g)
    0.175 M
    -x
    0.175-x

    COCl2 (g)
    0
    +x
    x

    Try the assumption, but it wont work here. Sosome algebra.

    Quadratic equation:

    x=0.193 or x=0.136
    If x=0.193, I get nonsense in the ICE chart (negative concentrations) so x=0.136

    CO (g) +

    Cl2 (g)

    COCl2 (g)

    I
    C
    E

    0.150 M
    -0.136
    0.014

    0.175 M
    -0.136
    0.039

    0
    +.136
    0.136

    I can check my result by putting the values back into K

    Since I rounded to 2 sig figs, I only expect 2 sig figs in K, which is what I have.

    14.36 Consider the reaction:


    SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) Kc = 2.99x10-7 at 227 C
    If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.175 M SO2Cl2, what is the equilibrium concentration of
    Cl2 at 227C?
    SOLUTION:
    HmmmI think theres 3 parts to this problem.
    1. Balanced Equation
    SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
    2. Equilibrium Expression

    3. ICE chart
    SO2Cl2 (g)
    I
    0.175 M
    C
    -x
    E
    0.175-x

    Lets try our assumption:


    0.175<<x

    SO2 (g)
    0
    +x
    x

    +Cl2 (g)
    0
    +x
    x

    I
    C
    E

    SO2Cl2 (g)
    0.175 M
    0.175

    SO2 (g)
    0
    +

    +Cl2 (g)
    0
    +

    If we check our result:

    14.44 Consider the reaction at equilibrium:


    C(s) + H2O (g) CO (g) + H2 (g)
    Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged upon each
    disturbance.
    a. C is added to the reaction mixture.
    b. H2O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture.
    c. CO is added to the reaction mixture.
    d. H2 is removed from the reaction mixture.
    SOLUTION: LeChateliers principle says that a system when stressed will respond to alleviate
    that stress. To be at equilibrium, the equilibrium constant must be satisfied:

    a. If I add C to the reaction, I have more reactants than I should. I need to lower the amount
    of reactants which causes the reaction to shift right.
    b. If I remove water from the reaction, I have fewer reactants than I should. The reaction
    shifts left to make more reactants.
    c. CO is a product. If I add some, I have too much product so the reaction shifts left to
    lower the amount of products.
    d. H2 is a product. If I remove it, I have too little product and need to make more. The

    reaction shifts to the right.

    14.72 Consider the reaction:


    2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g) Kp=0.355 at 950 K
    A 2.75 L reaction vessel at 950 K initially contains 0.100 mol of SO2 and 0.100 mol of O2.
    Calculate the total pressure (in atmospheres) in the reaction vessel when equilibrium is reached.
    SOLUTION:
    All equilibrium problems have 3 parts:
    1. Balanced equation
    2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g)
    2. Equilibrium constant expression:

    3. ICE chart
    Since I have Kp, its easiest to just do the ICE chart in atmospheres.

    I
    C
    E

    2 SO2 (g) +
    2.835 atm
    -2x
    2.835 atm-2x

    O2 (g)
    2.835 atm
    -x
    2.835 atm-x

    2 SO3 (g)
    0
    +2x
    2x

    When in doubt, try the assumption: 2x<<2.835

    So, I need to do some algebra or type it into my graphing calculator. I typed it into
    www.wolframalpha.com

    The solution was x=0.663 atm.


    I plug this back into my ICE chart and then check my result against K

    I
    C
    E

    2 SO2 (g) +
    2.835 atm
    -2(0.663)
    1.509

    O2 (g)
    2.835 atm
    -0.663
    2.172

    2 SO3 (g)
    0
    +2(0.663)
    1.326

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