Smart Energy Consumption

Monitor:
“Design a system that monitors and optimizes
energy consumption in households or
businesses.”

Prepared by: ARYAN RAJ

Presented to: Manjinder Singh

Date: 25/03/2024

Copyright © 2024
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Table of Contents:
Table of Contents.....................................................................................................ii
1. Abstract:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 2
2.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Pridiction of electric Bill ................................................................................ 3
3. Litrature Review: .............................................................................................. 3
3.1 Product Perspective ......................................................................................... 3
3.2 Product Features .............................................................................................. 4
3.3 User Classes and Characteristics..................................................................... 5
3.4 Operating Environment ................................................................................... 6
4. Proposed Methadology: ..................................................................................... 7
4.1 System Feature 1 ............................................................................................. 8
4.2 System Feature 2 (and so on) .......................................................................... 9
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Energy consumption
monitoring in smart home
system:
Abstract: Energy Consumption, especially electricity consumption, is
one of the serious
problems that we are facing in today's world. There is a need for an efficient
system to monitor
this energy consumption. Internet of Things opens a way to solve these
problems by
interconnecting hardware, software and cloud. Therefore, we propose an energy
consumption
monitoring system for home appliances which can be used to calculate the
energy consumption
of the household and to keep the user informed about the electricity
consumption through an
android app where he can view the units of electricity used and a prediction of
the bill at the end
of the month. The system can also be incorporated with the features of
controlling the energy
consumed by the appliances as desired by the user and the app will notify if the
electricity
consumption exceeds a threshold value set by the user.
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1. Introduction :
Electric meters installed in houses take a reading at the end of every
month to determine the monthly
bill based on the units of electricity consumed by each household.
The energy consumption meter
calculates the amount of energy consumed by various electrical
devices and appliances. The meter
counts the number of kilowatt-hours delivered and the annual
electricity consumption is measured
directly on the meter. The billing unit is typically kWh- kilowatt hour,
which is used to take readings at
the end of each billing period from the electric meters installed in a
household or workplace premises.
But what if we can monitor electricity usage and be notified by a
mobile app when the electricity bill for a given month is above a
certain threshold? The electricity bill for a household is measured by
calculating the electricity consumed in a month. Households belonging
to the middle or low-class face difficulties to minimize and keep track
of the electricity consumption and end up paying a higher bill
amounts due to very few extra units consumed by that household that
could have been conserved easily.
As a result, an effort was made to propose a solution by taking
readings of all devices in the house and predicting the bill of that
month by calculating the amount of the bill of consumption of
electricity each day until the current date to help people realize how
much electricity they consume each day and how
to reduce it to keep consumption below a certain threshold.
Implementation of IoT in an energy monitoring system can transform
the way industries, companies and individuals consume and control
electric devices and house appliances and IoT can offer a solution to
optimize power consumption. Once a system such as a house or an
office building or a facility is equipped with this IoT technology, it
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incorporates the particular space with the features of energy

monitoring and control overconsumption.

Prediction of electricity bill by the end of the month on an analysis of

data i.e., units consumed in that particular month till the current date
and giving an estimate of the bill for the amount of consumption.

2. Literature review :
Chupong et al. proposed a home energy monitoring system that uses
an application which can forecast
to predict the electricity consumption and the effect of energy
saving with larger sampling size is unknown ,

[1].
Maheepala D C et al. addressed the issues of energy auditing and
proposed a system which monitors energy consumption in real time,
analyses the measured data, finds out the problems and provides
technical solutions to it. The system also generates reports and warns
its users in case of any emergency .

[2].
Another method proposed by Mohammed Abo Zahhad et al.
consists of a sensor nodes network in which the nodes are deployed in
different locations which will measure the power consumption and
send the readings through a multi-hop network to the EMU that has a
graphical user interface to send control signals to nodes during peak
loads and show runtime data. It is integrated with WSN and the energy
management unit records the energy consumption, manages it and
predicts ensuing energy consumption .
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[3].
Chooruang and Meekul proposed a system which comprises energy
monitoring nodes that make use of Peacefair PZEM-004T, a low-cost
energy meter, SD3004 chip and microcontroller for measuring voltage,
current, power and transferring that data as JSON via MQTT protocol.
This data is interpreted and the user gets an energy consumption
pattern.

[4].
Energy Monitoring System design based on IoT was designed by
Luan and Leng for energy conservation by improving energy
management levels. The EMS along with IoT can collect, transmit and
save a huge amount of data in energy running processes by making
use of a database, communication networks, etc. The execution of the
system has 3 levels namely perception, transport and application
layer. This proposed IoT system has some advantages over traditional
methods like strong reliability and practicability .

[5].
Jinsoo Han et al. designed a smart HEMS architecture using ZigBee
and PLC-based renewable energy gateway which considers both
energy consumption and generation. The home server collects data on
energy consumption and performs analysis for energy estimation and
controls the home energy usage schedule .

[6].
Al-Ali A R et al. proposed a system in which all of the devices in a
house are interfaced with an IoT object with a unique IP address in a
data acquisition module which results in a large mesh wireless
network of devices. A prototype with a smart approach to monitor,
control and cut the energy cost has been developed and tested
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[7].
Woong Hee Kim et al. proposed an energy management system
based on a wireless sensor network i.e., ZigBee and an intelligent
home gateway where it senses, records and updates electricity data to
provide real-time electricity consumption monitoring. The method
makes use of three technical components such as information
acquisition, information processing and information presenting. The
system allows users to detect and control electrical appliances using
web and mobile interfaces .

[8].
Smart energy monitoring using IoT and GSM-based Cloud
computing was proposed by Govindarajan Retal. which makes use of a
two-way communication protocol between metering infrastructure
and the consumer end. To alert about power utilities, the multiple
energy conservation live report is sent to the
user .

[9].
Devadhanishini A Y et al. proposed the idea of a Smart Power
monitoring system by integrating Arduino, WIFI and GSM Short
Message Service (SMS). The system includes the design of a smart
power meter that reduces power consumption and ensures energy
saving with a motion sensor which automatically sends signals to cut
the power supply when there is no sign of humans in the place .

[10].
Rishabh Jain et al. proposed an IoT-based energy meter reading
system that consists of fault detection and SMS alert to the user. The
method makes use of EEPROM as a flash storage memory and consists
of Arduino board, buzzer, 16*2 LCD, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module and
power supply. The user can deal with their vitality utilization by
knowing the vitality from time to time using this system .
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[11].
Ganesh Shirsat Ketal. designed a cost-effective IoT-based energy
monitoring system with a low-fee PZEM-004T, the use of non-invasive
CT sensors, SD3004 electric powered electricity dimension chip and
ESP8266. This system is used as a power billing device and strength
monitoring appliance.

[12].
Collins Ketal. addresses the challenges faced by industries in
maintaining energy cost and comes up with an
by providing feedback to a graphical user interface .

[13].
Sarmad Sohaib et al. proposed a low-cost design using ADE7753
energy meter IC, ATmega8 microcontroller, current sensor, etc. for
real-time energy-consumption monitoring and control to reduce
energy wastage. Compared to the commercially deployed
energy meters, their system has high accuracy with a low average
error rate of 0.66% in power measurement and led to reduction in
average power utilization of about 12%.
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3. Proposed Methodology :

Recently in many places, the government has come up with strict

electricity bill calculation procedures to avoid people from overusing
and wasting electricity. According to these procedures, the cost per
unit of electricity increases with increasing total energy consumption
in a month. Due to this, the public needs a product that could help
them to monitor and keep the number of kilowatts consumed in a
month under control. This product must be able to predict and tell
them the details of the expected bill based on their usage from the
beginning of the month so that they can control their energy usage and
get benefited from it. The main focus is to develop a system that
monitors the energy consumed by all appliances to predict
the electricity consumed in a month by a household. Internet of Things
(IoT) makes it easy for us to connect hardware and software
components of the system using Cloud and Database. A system has
been proposed in which the hardware component such as current
sensor sends the electricity consumed by all appliances in the
household to the cloud database. An android app is made which gets
the stored energy consumption data for the household from day one of
the month till the current date from the database. It runs a test using
the consumption data for predicting the electricity bill of a month
using a machine learning regression model algorithm and calculates
the expected bill amount to be paid at the end. The application also
provides the user with many other features like visualizations to
compare the energy consumption in the house day-wise using a bar
graph and controlling the appliances to turn them on/off
within room distance.
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3.1 System Architecture and Block Diagram:

The ACS712 current sensor measures the units of electricity flowing
through an AC appliance. This data sensed by ACS712 is collected in
the Things peak channel through either HTTP or web socket protocol
via Node MCU. The Android application sends a GET/POST request to
retrieve the data from the database for further processing. The
received data is then visualized using a bar plot corresponding to
the dates and it is given as input to the regression model that predicts
the electricity units with high accuracy and precision. Then, the app
calculates the monthly bill of the household based on energy
consumption from the beginning of the month to the current date. It
takes the energy consumed by appliances into account, which helps to
monitor and reduce the daily usage to conserve electricity.

Figure 1 explains the working flow of the entire energy monitoring

system. ACS712 sends measured current to Node MCU, which sends
the data to the cloud and then, the app retrieves this data to give
corresponding output as requested by the user. The user has three
choices: to view the bill prediction, to control appliances and to check
the energy consumption. According to the requirement of the user, the
data is fetched from the cloud and displayed to the user.
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Figure 1. Flowchart for the energy consumption monitoring system.

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