Dynamics of Rigid Bodies School of Engineering

Lecture 4.2 and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department
School Year 2020-2021

I. MOTION OF RIGID BODIES

Sample Problem 1:
A 10-kg projectile is fired vertically upward from the ground, with an initial
velocity of 50 m/s. Determine the maximum height to which it will travel if (a)
atmospheric resistance is neglected; and (b) atmospheric resistance is measured
as FD = (0.01v2) N where is the speed of the projectile at any instant, measured
m/s.
Given:
Mass of the object, m = 10 kg
Initial Velocity, vo = 50 m/s
(a) Neglected atmospheric resistance
(b) Atmospheric Resistance, FD = (0.01v2) N
Required:
Maximum height reached by the mass in situations (a) and (b)

Solution:
(a) Atmospheric resistance is neglected

Weight = mg = (10 kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 98.1 kg m/s2 = 98.1 N

∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑣𝑣 = 0

−𝑊𝑊 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0
−98.1 − (10)𝑎𝑎 = 0
−98.1
𝑎𝑎 = = −9.81 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠2
10
Kinematics:

𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

02 = 502 + 2(−9.81)ℎ
502
ℎ=
2(−9.81)

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Dynamics of Rigid Bodies School of Engineering

Lecture 4.2 and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department
School Year 2020-2021

ℎ = 127 𝑚𝑚
(b) Atmospheric Resistance, FD = (0.01v2) N
Weight = mg = (10 kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 98.1 kg m/s2 = 98.1 N
∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑣𝑣 = 0

−𝑊𝑊 − 𝐹𝐹𝐷𝐷 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0

−98.1 − (0.01v2) − (10)𝑎𝑎 = 0

−98.1 − (0.01v2)
𝑎𝑎 =
10
𝑎𝑎 = −[9.81 + (0.001v2)]

Kinematics:
Remember:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 = ; 𝑣𝑣 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
𝑎𝑎 𝑣𝑣

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= ; 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
𝑎𝑎 𝑣𝑣

−[9.81 + (0.001v2)]𝑑𝑑ℎ = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
𝑑𝑑ℎ =
−[9.81 + (0.001v2)]

ℎ 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
0
∫ 𝑑𝑑ℎ = ∫ −[9.81 + (0.001v2)]
0 50

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Dynamics of Rigid Bodies School of Engineering

Lecture 4.2 and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department
School Year 2020-2021

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑢𝑢 = −[9.81 + (0.001v2)] ; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −0.002𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

0 −0.002𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −500ln(𝑢𝑢)|0

ℎ|ℎ = ∫ = −500 ∫
50
0 50 −0.002𝑢𝑢 50 𝑢𝑢

ℎ|ℎ = −500ln|−[9.81 + (0.001v2)]||0

0 50

ℎ − 0 = {−500 ln|−[9.81 + (0.001)(02)]|} − {−500ln|−[9.81 + (0.001)(502)]|}

ℎ = 113.5048 𝑚𝑚

II. SYSTEMS OF RIGID BODIES and CONSTRAINED PLANE MOTION

Sample Problem 2:
The 10-lb block A travels to the right at vA = 2 ft/s at the instant
shown. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is μk = 0.2 between the
surface and A, determine the velocity of A when it has moved 4 ft.
Block B has a weight of 20 lb.

Given:

Mass of block A, mA = 10 lb
Mass of block B, mB = 20 lb
Initial Velocity of block A, vA = 2 ft/s
Coefficient of kinetic friction, μk = 0.2
Distance covered by the block A, s = 4 ft

Required:

3
Dynamics of Rigid Bodies School of Engineering

Lecture 4.2 and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department
School Year 2020-2021

Velocity of A when it has moved 4 ft

Solution:
For Block A:

∑ 𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻 = 0

𝑇𝑇 − 𝐹𝐹𝑓𝑓 − 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = 0
10
𝑇𝑇 − 2 − ( ) 𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = 0
32.2
𝑇𝑇 − 2
𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 1
10
(32.2)

For Block B:

∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑣𝑣 = 0

𝑇𝑇 + 𝑇𝑇 − 𝑊𝑊 − 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 0
20
2𝑇𝑇 − 20 − ( ) 𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 0
32.2
2𝑇𝑇 − 20
𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 2
20
(32.2

Kinematics:

𝑠𝑠𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑠𝑠𝐵𝐵= 𝐿𝐿

𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵 = 0

𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 0

𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = −2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 3

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Dynamics of Rigid Bodies School of Engineering

Lecture 4.2 and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department
School Year 2020-2021

Solving for all the unknowns:

Substitute eq’n 3 to 1:
𝑇𝑇 − 2
𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 1 ; 𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = −2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 3
10
(32.2)
𝑇𝑇 − 2
−2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 =
10
(32.2)
𝑇𝑇 − 2
𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 10
−2 (32.2)
−𝑇𝑇 + 2
𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 20
(32.2)

𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = −1.61𝑇𝑇 + 3.22 → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 4

Substitute eq’n 4 to 2:
2𝑇𝑇 − 20
𝑎𝑎 = → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 2 ; 𝑎𝑎 = −1.61𝑇𝑇 + 3.22 → 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒′𝑛𝑛 4
𝐵𝐵 20 𝐵𝐵
(32.2)

2𝑇𝑇 − 20
−1.61𝑇𝑇 + 3.22 =
20
(
32.2)
−1.61𝑇𝑇 + 3.22 = 3.22𝑇𝑇 − 32.2

4.83𝑇𝑇 = 35.42
𝑇𝑇 = 7.333333333333 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑇𝑇 − 2 7.333333333333 − 2
𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = = = 17.17333333333 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓/𝑠𝑠2
10 10
(32.2) (32.2)

5
Dynamics of Rigid Bodies School of Engineering

Lecture 4.2 and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department
School Year 2020-2021

𝑎𝑎 = 2𝑇𝑇 − 20 = 2(7.333333333333) − 20 = −8.58666666666 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓/𝑠𝑠2

𝐵𝐵 20 20
(32.2) (32.2)

𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

𝑣𝑣2 = 22 + 2(17.17333333333)(4)

𝑣𝑣 = √22 + 2(17.17333333333)(4)

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑣𝑣 = 11.890612543 = 11.8906
𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠