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    Green Manure

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    avilashabas39
    Manure is organic material that can be used to increase soil fertility. There are different types of manure including farmyard manure, composted manure, green manure, and biofertilizers. Green manure refers to fast-growing plants that are cultivated and then ploughed into the soil to provide nutrients. Biofertilizers are living organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi that are used to maintain soil fertility. Examples of biofertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

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    Green Manure

    Uploaded by

    avilashabas39
    16 views6 pages
    Manure is organic material that can be used to increase soil fertility. There are different types of manure including farmyard manure, composted manure, green manure, and biofertilizers. Green manure refers to fast-growing plants that are cultivated and then ploughed into the soil to provide nutrients. Biofertilizers are living organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi that are used to maintain soil fertility. Examples of biofertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

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    Manure is organic material that can be used to increase soil fertility. There are different types of manure including farmyard manure, composted manure, green manure, and biofertilizers. Green manure refers to fast-growing plants that are cultivated and then ploughed into the soil to provide nutrients. Biofertilizers are living organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi that are used to maintain soil fertility. Examples of biofertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views6 pages

    Green Manure

    Uploaded by

    avilashabas39
    Manure is organic material that can be used to increase soil fertility. There are different types of manure including farmyard manure, composted manure, green manure, and biofertilizers. Green manure refers to fast-growing plants that are cultivated and then ploughed into the soil to provide nutrients. Biofertilizers are living organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi that are used to maintain soil fertility. Examples of biofertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

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    Manure

    Manure is the material of biological origin after partial or complete


    decomposition, used to increase soil fertility or productivity of crops .
    It may be
     Farmyard manure: consists of mixture of cattle dung and crop residues
    e.g. reminant of straw and plants stalks . It is bulky and good for retention
    of soil moisture but is not rich in nutrition.
     Composted manure: is prepared by reducing vegetable crops residue and
    animal refuge to quickly utilizable condition for improving and
    maintaining soil fertility . These type of manure are rich in nitrogen and
    carbon.
     Green manure
     are fast growing herbaceous plants
    usually quick growing crops cultivated
    and ploughed in order to incorporate
    it into the soil to provide organic
    matter and additional nitrogen into
    the soil.
     Helps in building soil profile,
    protection against erosion and
    retains moisture.
     These are cost effective , ecofriendly,
    natural, no need any technical
    knowledge balance source and can
    improve soil aeration and drainage
    condition.
     Bio fertilizers: The living organisms which are commonly used to maintain and
    improve soil fertility are called bio fertilizers. The main sources of bio fertilizers
    are bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi.
    Bacteria as Bio fertilizers:
     Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing bacteria: Rhizobium spp. Are able to enter into
    symbiotic relationship with the roots of legumes. The bacteria fix atmospheric
    nitrogen into leguminous plants supply water, minerals and other nutrients.
     Asymbiotic or Free living bacteria: Azotobacter, Bacillus polymixa are free living
    bacteria found in soil. They also synthesize growth promoting antibiotics
    substance, helpful to the plant.
     Loose Association of bacteria: Azospirillum shows loose association with the
    roots of grasses, rice, sorghum and maize. This bacterium results in increase in
    yield.
    Cyanobacteria as Bio fertilizers: The cyanobacteria( blue
    green algae) help in nitrogen fixation. They may be
    symbiotic or free living.
     Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis: A cyanobacterium, known
    as Anabaena Azolla is found in the leaf cavities of this
    small floating fern. The cyanobacterium fixes nitrogen
    through photosynthesis and excretes the nitrogenous
    compounds into the leaf cavity. Azolla has been proved
    to be an excellent bio fertilizer for rice. Its low cost and
    simple technology are the advantages for the farmer.
     Free living cyanobacteria: Nostoc, Anabaena, Spirulina,
    Plectonema etc. fix the atmospheric nitrogen through
    photosynthesis. They are utilized as bio fertilizers to
    improve the soil fertility.
    Fungi as Bio fertilizer
    Mycorrhiza: It is a symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of
    higher plants. It is of two types;
     Ectomycorrhizae: These are mainly found in pine, oak, etc. They
    absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in their fungal
    sheath. This results in greater plant vigour, growth and yield.
     Endomycorrhizae: These are found in the roots of many herbs
    such as orchids and some other plants. They help in phosphorus
    nutrition. The most common endomycorrhizae is Aspergillus.
    VAM(Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza )
     Mycorrhiza is the product of an association between a fungus and plant root. Vesicular-
    arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) is formed by the symbiotic association between certain
    phycomycetous fungi and angiosperm roots.
     The fungus colonizes the root cortex forming a mycelial network and characteristic
    vesicles (bladder-like structures) and arbuscules (branched finger-like hyphae).
     The mycelia are aseptate or septate ramifying intracellularly thus causing little damage to
    tissues.

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