Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 0 views

    MIC 511(2+1) Lecture 02

    Uploaded by

    Sathwik M N Raj

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MIC 511(2+1) Lecture 02

    Uploaded by

    Sathwik M N Raj
    0 views16 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    0 views16 pages

    MIC 511(2+1) Lecture 02

    Uploaded by

    Sathwik M N Raj

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    BIOFERTILIZERS

    • Biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganism which,


    when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or
    the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or
    availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.
    (OR)
    • Biofertilizers are defined as preparations containing living cells or latent
    cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants uptake of
    nutrients by their interactions in the rhizosphere when applied through
    seed treatment or soil.
    Biofertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer

    Both biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers are used as a source of


    nutrients to improve plant yield and destroy plant pathogens. Chemical
    fertilizers are extracted and refined, whereas biofertilizers are minimally
    processed.
    • Karnataka -6930 tonnes/year
    Government intervention
    • National Biofertilizer Development Center - Ghaziabad
    • Central sector scheme- NPDB- National Project on Development and
    use of Biofertilizers
    • Financial Assistance increased from 13 lakh to 20 lakh per unit
    • Government plays a dominant role in marketing by three ways
    I. State government via district level officers and village level workers
    II. State marketing federation via co-operative bodies and farmers
    III. State agro industries co-operation via agro service centers
    Different types of biofertilizers:
    1. Rhizobium –
    This belongs to bacterial group and the classical example is symbiotic
    nitrogen fixation. The bacteria infect the legume root and form root nodules
    within which they reduce molecular nitrogen to ammonia which is utilized by
    the plant to produce valuable proteins, vitamins and other nitrogen containing
    compounds. The site of symbiosis is within the root nodules.

    It has been estimated that 40-250 kg N / ha / year is fixed by different


    legume crops by the microbial activities of Rhizobium
    Cross inoculation groups of rhizobium (CIG) :
    • CIG refers the groups of leguminous plants that will
    develop effective nodules when inoculated with the
    rhizobia obtained from the nodules from any member of
    that legume group.
    Quantity of biological N fixed by Liqiud Rhizobium in different crops
    2. Azotobacter –
    It is the important and well known free living nitrogen fixing aerobic
    bacterium. It is used as a Bio-Fertilizer for all non leguminous plants especially
    rice, cotton, vegetables etc.
    Azotobacter cells are not present on the rhizoplane but are abundant in the
    rhizosphere region. The lack of organic matter in the soil is a limiting factor for
    the proliferation of Azotobaceter in the soil.
    3. Azospirillum
    It belongs to bacteria and is known to fix the considerable quantity of
    nitrogen in the range of 20- 40 kg N/ha in the rhizosphere in non- leguminous
    plants such as cereals, millets, Oilseeds, cotton etc.
    4. Cyanobacteria
    A group of one celled to many celled aquatic organisms. Also known as
    blue-green algae
    Eg: Nostoc, Anabaena etc.,
    5. Azolla –
    Azolla is a free floating water fern that floats in water and fixes
    atmospheric nitrogen in association with nitrogen fixing blue green alga
    Anabaena-azollae. Azolla fronds consist of sporophyte with a floating rhizome
    and small overlapping bi-lobed leaves and roots.
    Azolla is considered to be a potential biofertilizer in terms of nitrogen
    contribution to rice.
    6. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM)
    These help in solubilizing phosphorous presentation soil.
    Eg: Pseudomonas fluoroscens, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus niger etc.,
    7. AM fungi
    An Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM Fungi) is a type of mycorrhiza in
    which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular
    plant.
    Eg: Glomus sp.

    8. Silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB)-


    Microorganisms are capable of degrading silicates and aluminum
    silicates. During the metabolism of microbes several organic acids are
    produced and these have a dual role in silicate weathering.
    Eg: Bacillus, Pseudomonas etc.,

    You might also like