GE 6

1. Physical Function
- often the easiest to understand and these are works
of art that are created to perform service, and could be
Art Appreciation understood when looking into form and function,
architecture, and community planning.

MODULE 1: UNDERSTANDING • Form and Function

- the function of an object is generally essential in
HUMANITIES & ART APPRECIATION the basic form that it takes.
• Architecture
Lesson 1: Humanities and Art Appreciation - the layout of a space is determined primarily by
its operational function.
RELEVANCE OF ART APPRECIATION • Community Planning
- involves the efficient organization of buildings,
It fosters an understanding of diverse cultures and roads, and spaces so that they meet the physical and
histories, enriching our emotional and intellectual aesthetic needs of the community.
perspectives. It also nurtures critical thinking,
empathy, and aesthetic sensitivity, vital for holistic 2. Personal Function
personal development and societal cohesion. - To create out of a need for self-expression, or
gratification.
• Art is Everywhere - To communicate a thought or point to the viewer.
- Tangible and Intangible - To provide an aesthetic experience, both for seld and
viewers and to merely entertain others.
• Art is Relative
•Appreciation - what you find aesthetically pleasing, • Expressive art therapy is the use of creative arts as a
others may not. form of therapy.
•Comprehension and Understanding - we
comprehend and understand things based on our own 3. Social Function
experiences. - are those that go beyond personal intrinsic value to
•Expression - while self-expression can be a collective art's social benefits. Most often it is constructed with
experience, it will always be unique. the intention of sharing responses to and opinions
about life with others.
ART AND PHILOSOPHY
• Art enriches, informs, and questions our world. It
Studying art and philosophy deepens our can have powerful transformative, preservative and
understanding of human expression and the profound restorative effects within a society as well.
questions of existence, promoting critical thinking and
cultural literacy. NATURE OF ARTS

CREATIVITY AND IMAGINATION 1. Art is a diverse range of human activities

• Imagination - the ability to visualize and conceive This emphasizes the broad and varied nature of
ideas, scenarios, or images in the mind without direct artistic expression. It acknowledges that art
sensory input. encompasses a wide spectrum of creative
activities undertaken by humans.
• Creativity - the act of turning original ideas into
reality, often producing something new or unique. This understanding of art highlights its capacity to
transcend boundaries and capture the complexity of
Lesson 2: Basic Assumptions, Functions and the human experience.
Nature of Arts
2. Art represents reality
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ARTS Representation is the use of signs that stand in for and
Assumption - something that is accepted as true or as take the place of something else. It is through
certain to happen, it is something that you accept as representation that people organize the world and
true without question. reality through their art. Art represents the mind’s eye.

• Art has been created by all people at all times. 3. Art is an expression
• Art involves experience The expression contained in the form of art is an
- Relatability plays a huge role in art appreciation attempt to translate the unnamed and the unknown.
• Art is not nature: nature is not art
- The enhanced beauty and artistry of nature, then, Intrinsic to our existence as humans is our quest to
can be classified as an art. Nature can be enhanced by create meaning, and art allows that process to take
man. place. Making meaning involves understanding our
• Art is Cultural surroundings and marking our experiences.
- Art only becomes cultural when it depicts people's
way of life, religious practices, and traditions, etc. 4. Art serves as a means of communicating emotions
• Art is Subjective
- Different experiences produce different Art is an act of expressing feelings, thoughts, and
interpretations for various works of art. observations of human conditions.

FUNCTIONS OF ART A fundamental purpose common to most art forms is

It normally falls into three categories: the underlying intention to appeal to, and connect
with, human emotion.
 by a diverse range of mediums and styles.

Methods: Includes painting, sculpture, digital art,

5. Art matters performance art, and multimedia installations.
The arts matter because it allows us to express
ourselves and to illustrate and preserve the world Focus: Embraces experimentation, challenges
around us in a different light, helping us to gain conventions, and often addresses current social and
understanding of people and society, and give hope cultural issues.
while living in this world.
Purpose: Explores new ideas, materials, and
6. Art is universal approaches, pushing the boundaries of artistic
Art is everywhere and it is embedded into the way of expression.
life of the people.
3. Decorative Arts and Crafts
7. Art is creation - Focuses on the creation of functional and
aesthetically pleasing objects for everyday use.
It is the combination of already existing material
elements into new forms which become the realization Methods: Pottery, ceramics, textiles, furniture,
of a preconceived idea or imagination. jewelry, and other applied arts.

Art is the making of a new thing in response to a Focus: Marries artistic expression with utility, often
sense of need. rooted in traditional craftsmanship.

Lesson 3 : The Visual Arts Purpose: Combines beauty and practicality, with an
emphasis on skillful craftsmanship and design.
VISUAL ARTS
4. Digital Arts
Visual Arts Involves the use of digital technology for artistic
- is a broad spectrum of creative expressions that creation, including digital painting, 3D modeling, and
primarily engage the sense of sight. interactive installations.

PURPOSE OF VISUAL ARTS 5. Street Art and Graffiti

Often characterized by its public and spontaneous
1. Expression nature, challenging traditional art spaces and engaging
- Artists use visual arts as a means of personal with a broader audience.
expression, conveying their thoughts, feelings,
and perspectives. 6. Installation Art
Immersive, three-dimensional artworks created for
2. Communication specific spaces, often pushing the boundaries of the
- Visual arts serve as apowerful tool for traditional gallery experience.
communicating ideas, narratives, and cultural
values. 7. Performance Art
Incorporates live actions and events, blurring the lines
3. Aesthetics between visual arts and performing arts.
- Visual arts contribute to the creation of
beauty, stimulating the senses and prompting PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE ARTS
contemplation.

4. Reflection • Art as Mimesis (Plato)

- Art often reflects the social, political, and In Plato's philosophy, art is viewed as a form of
cultural context in which it is created, mimesis, or imitation. He expresses concerns about
providing insights into the intellectual, moral, the deceptive nature of art, suggesting that artists
and cultural climate of an era. create a mere copy of the physical world, which is itself
an imperfect reflection of the realm of
VISUAL ARTS mainly include: ideal forms.

1. Fine Arts According to Plato, the ultimate reality lies in these

- encompass traditional artistic disciplines abstract, timeless, and unchanging forms. He believed
created for aestheticappreciationand intellectual that the emotional responses triggered by art might
stimulation. lead individuals away from rational
contemplation and philosophical introspection.
Methods: Painting, sculpture, drawing, printmaking,
and traditional forms of artistic expression. •Art as Representation (Aristotle)
Art imitates nature but argues that it serves a
Focus: Emphasis on creativity, individual expression, valuable purpose in providing emotional catharsis and
and mastery of techniques. allowing viewers to understand and navigate their own
emotions.
Purpose: Often seeks to evoke emotions, convey
complex ideas, and engage with artistic traditions. Aristotle recognizes the therapeutic and educational
aspects of art. He believes that art can be a powerful
2. Contemporary Arts tool for emotional expression and
- reflects the art of the present time, characterized
that it can contribute to the moral and intellectual - Non-objective sculptures that prioritize form
development of individuals. and structure over representational content.

• Art for Art's Sake (Kant) THE MEANING OF ART

Immanuel Kant emphasizes the autonomy of aesthetic
experience. He argues that the value of art lies in its • FACTUAL Meaning of Art
ability to evoke a disinterested, contemplative It is in Art’s Nature to be defined as a diverse range of
pleasure, divorced from practical or moral human activities involving the creation of visual,
considerations. auditory, or performance artifacts that express the
creator's imagination, skill, and intended purpose.
Art serves as a source of aesthetic pleasure, and its
significance is found in the subjective experience of the Objective Elements:
viewer. Art is not a means to an end or a reflection of Certain aspects of art can be objectively described,
reality but an end in itself, providing a unique such as the use of specific materials, techniques, and
aesthetic experience. styles. For example, a painting may use oil on canvas,
or a sculpture may be carved from marble.

THE SUBJECT OF ART • CONVENTIONAL Meaning of Art

Refers to any person, object, scene or event described - The meaning of art is often influenced by cultural
or represented in a work of art. conventions and historical contexts.

• Representational Art - Conventions dictate what is considered art within a

- Also known as OBJECTIVE ART, this aims to particular society at a given time.
depict recognizable objects, scenes, or figures
from the observable world. The representation Artistic Movements:
in the artwork often resembles the physical Conventional aspects of art are also associated with
appearance of the subjects. specific movements or styles, like Renaissance art,
Abstract Expressionism, or Pop Art. These conventions
- Artists working in a representational style provide a framework for understanding and
strive for a degree of realism or naturalism. categorizing artistic expressions.

- The purpose of representational art can vary, •SUBJECTIVE Meaning of Art

from storytelling and capturing visual reality - Art is inherently subjective, and its meaning can vary
to conveying specific emotions or ideas from person to person. Each viewer brings their own
through recognizable imagery. experiences, emotions, and perspectives to the
interpretation of an artwork.
- Portraits that realistically capture the likeness
of individuals - The subjective meaning of art often lies in the
personal connection individuals feel with the work. It
- Realistic landscapes can evoke emotions, challenge beliefs, or offer unique
insights based on the viewer's subjective
experiences.
• Non-representational Art
- Also known as NON-OBJECTIVE or abstract INTERACTION OF DIMENSIONS
art, this focuses on conveying emotions,
concepts, or formal elements without direct Overlap:
reference to reality. While there are factual and conventional elements in
art, the subjective dimension plays a crucial
- Artists working in a non-representational style role. Even with in cultural conventions, individuals
often use shapes, colors, lines, and forms to may interpret and experience art in highly personal
create compositions that are not tied to specific, ways.
identifiable objects. The emphasis is on the visual
language itself rather than representing external Dynamic Nature:
reality. The meaning of art is dynamic, evolving with time,
cultural shifts, and individual growth. A work of art
- Non-representational art may aim to evoke may hold different meanings for the same person at
emotional responses, explore formal elements different stages of their life.
like color and composition, or challenge --------------------------------------------
traditional artistic conventions. It allows for a
more subjective and open interpretation by MODULE 2: ELEMENTS OF ART &
the viewer.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
- Abstract paintings that use shapes, colors,
and lines to create a composition without Lesson 1: The Artist and the Artisan
identifiable objects.
ARTIST
- Geometric abstraction, where artists use - A person who performs all forms of creative arts. An
geometric shapes as the primary visual artist creates art for the sake of art itself - without
elements. needing any ulterior motives.

Importance:
Artists are important members in the society because charcoal sticks.
they help us envision our thoughts that may not be Ink: Drawing with various types of ink, such as pen
tolerated in the social and political paradigm of our and ink wash.
society.
2. PAINTING
Highly-known Artists Oil Paint: Using pigments suspended in oil, typically
linseed oil.
•Vincent Van Gogh Acrylic Paint: Using water-based acrylic paint that
Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the dries quickly.
most famous and influential figures in the history of Watercolor: Using water-soluble pigments on paper.
western art.
3. SCULPTING
• Michaelangelo Clay: Sculpting with natural or synthetic clay.
Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the Stone: Carving sculptures from various types of
High Renaissance era. Born in the republic of stone.
Florence, Italy, he exerted an unparalleled influence on Metal: Welding or casting sculptures from
the development of western art. metals like bronze or steel.

4. PHOTOGRAPHY
ARTISAN Digital Photography: Capturing images with digital
- is a worker who practices a trade or a craft. It is cameras.
synonymous to a craftsman. Analog Photography: Using film cameras
- Artisans became prevalent during the Middle Ages. and darkroom processes.
They come in the form of guilds such as shoemakers,
textiles, glass workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, 5. DIGITAL ART
armor or weapon makers, among others. Digital Painting: Creating paintings using graphic
software and tablets.
• GUILDS are a type of social fellowship - an 3D Modeling: Constructing three- dimensional virtual
association with structured rules, customs, rights, and objects or scenes.
responsibilities.
6. MIXED MEDIA
Soon, a craft master will hire an apprentice who will Combining Various Mediums:
learn his/her craft and carry his legacy on way beyond Using multiple materials and techniques in a single
the time of his/her own existence. artwork.

Importance:
Artisans, through their skills, make and install things • Prominent Techniques in Visual Arts
that can be used at homes, offices, and other
industries. 1. Pencil Techniques

They enable people who are not financially buoyant or a. Hatching / Cross-hatching
academically sound to be useful to themselves, their Using parallel or intersecting lines to create shading
families, and the society through learning vocational and texture.
and technical skills.
b. Stippling
ARTIST VS. ARTISAN Adding dots to add shading and depth, similar to
hatching or cross-hatching. The closer the dots, the
An ARTIST is dedicated only to the creative side, deeper the effect.
making visually pleasing work (sometimes not)for the
enjoyment and appreciation of the viewer - but usually c. Scribbling
with no functional value. Erratic, uneven and definitely not straight lines within
the piece. Using random movements across the paper
An ARTISAN is essentially a manual worker who will result in a deconstructed image, and
makes items with his order own hands - and who the more irregular lines created closer together, the
through skill, experience, and talent, can create things darker it will appear.
of great beauty and function.
d. Circling
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES IN ART is a shading technique that uses small circles to create
darker areas on a drawing. This is done by placing a
- A medium is the material which the artist uses to series of small circles close together on the paper. The
communicate and translate his feelings. closer the circles are, the
darker the shading will be.
- A technique on the other hand, refers to the manner
in which the artist controls his medium to achieve the e. Blending
desired effect. Using your finger or a rolled-up piece of paper to blend
in hatching or cross-hatching, this will give your
•Prominent Mediums in Visual Arts sketch a smoother appearance.

1. DRAWING
Graphite Pencils: Drawing with pencils made of
graphite and clay.
Charcoal: Using charred wood or compressed 2. Painting Techniques
 These are a series of diagonal lines. They convey
a. Brushwork excitement, unrest, or confusion due to their active
Dry Brush: Using a dry brush with minimal paint to nature.
create a scratchy or textured effect.
e. Curved Lines
Wet Brush: Applying wet paint with a brush for Lines that convey a sense of softness, grace, and fluid
smoother and more blended strokes. movement. They can be perceived as more natural and
relaxed compared to straight lines.
b. Impasto
Applying thick layers of paint to create a textured 2. Shape
surface. A two-dimensional area defined by boundaries. Shapes
can be geometric (like squares and circles) or organic
c. Splattering (irregular or freeform).
Flicking or splattering paint on to the canvas for a
spontaneous and textured look. a. Geometric Shapes
Regular, predictable, and often found in human-made
d. Oil Painting environments.
Uses slow-drying paint made from pigment suspended
in oil, typically linseed. This medium allows for rich Usage: They are often employed in art and design to
color, blending, and layering. It's known for its depth convey order, simplicity, and efficiency.
and luminosity.
b. Organic Shapes
e. Watercolor Painting Unpredictable, free-form, and often found in nature.
Utilizes pigments suspended in a water-based
solution. It's characterized by its transparency and Usage: They are commonly used in art to represent
fluidity, often giving a soft, light-filled appearance to natural elements, convey fluidity, spontaneity, or to
artworks. create a more relaxed and approachable feeling.

f. Acrylic Painting 3. Form

A modern, fast-drying paint made of pigment Describes three-dimensional objects and implies
suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. It can mimic volume and space. It's essentially the 3D version of a
both oil and watercolor techniques but is shape.
known for its versatility and durability.
4. Color
g. Fresco Refers to the spectrum of light.
An ancient technique where pigments are applied on
wet plaster. As the plaster dries, the painting becomes Color has three main characteristics:
an integral part of the wall, resulting in long-lasting
artworks seen in many historical sites Hue(name of the color),
Value (lightness or darkness),
Lesson 2: Elements and Principles and Intensity (brightness or dullness).

ELEMENTS OF ART • Primary Colors

(Line, Shape, Form, Color, Value, Texture, Space) Red, Blue, and Yellow
• Secondary Colors
The elements of art are fundamental concepts that Orange, Green, Violet
serve as the building blocks for creating artwork. • Tertiary Colors
Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green, Blue-
1. Line Green, Blue-Violet, and Red Violet
A continuous mark made on a surface. It can vary in
width, direction, and length. 5. Value
Refers to the range of lightness to darkness in a
are versatile elements that can convey various piece. Value helps create depth and dimension.
emotions and ideas based on their characteristics.
6. Texture
Refers to the perceived surface quality or feel of an
a. Horizontal Lines artwork, either actual (tactile) or implied (visual).
Suggest a feeling of rest or repose because objects
parallel to the earth are at rest. These lines can convey 7. Space
stability, horizontality, and tranquility. Pertains to the area around, between, or within
components of an artwork. It can be positive (the main
b. Vertical Lines focus) or negative (the background or empty areas).
Stand upright against gravity, conveying feelings of
grandeur, height, and spirituality. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

c. Diagonal Lines Rules or guidelines to be followed in order to create

These lines convey a sense of movement, tension, or an effective composition that clearly delivers a
direction. They often suggest instability or message to its audience.
dynamic action.

d. Zigzag Lines
1. Balance The Rule of Thirds helps create balance by avoiding a
Refers to the distribution of visual weight in a design. symmetrical placement of subjects. Visual elements
are distributed across the
Balance can be symmetrical (even distribution) or frame, providing a harmonious composition.
asymmetrical (uneven distribution but still achieving a
sense of equilibrium). Avoiding Centrality:
By placing the main subject away from the center, the
2. Contrast composition becomes more dynamic and engaging. It
The comparison of differing elements of design (e.g., prevents the image from feeling static or predictable.
dark vs. light, rough vs. smooth). Contrast captures
attention and can emphasize or
highlight key areas.

- COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
Are colors sitting directly opposite of each other in
the color wheel/triad.

3. Emphasis
Focuses attention on a particular area or object
within a design, making it the dominant feature.

4. Pattern
is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the
work of Art.

5. Rhythm
A regular repetition of elements to produce the look
and feel of movement. Rhythm can be regular and
orderly or more random and spontaneous.

6. Unity
The sense of harmony and wholeness, achieved by
using similar elements throughout the design and
making everything feel connected and in harmony.

7. Variety
The use of different elements to create interest and
contrast. While unity brings things together, variety
spreads them out for diversity.

8. Proportion/Scale
Refers to the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design. Proportion ensures that the
elements look right together in relation to one another.

Lesson 3 : Reading Image and Rule of Thirds

READING IMAGE
Reading an image refers to the process of interpreting
and understanding visual information presented in a
visual artwork, photograph, or any other visual
medium.

It involves analyzing the elements and principles of

visual design, as well as considering the context,
cultural influences, and the artist's intent

RULE OF THIRDS
is a fundamental compositional guideline used in
visual arts and photography. It is a simple yet powerful
tool that helps create balanced, visually appealing, and
dynamic compositions.

Grid Structure:
The image is divided into nine equal parts with two
horizontal and two vertical lines, creating a grid.
Four points of intersection on the grid are key areas of
visual interest.