❖ Lesson 1: Introduction to Art Appreciation Art is Universal

Meanings of Art Art immortalizes man and his marvelous achievements. Literature
Art in Humanities and history provide us with all the evidence about the timelessness
Assumptions of Art and universal value of art and its unique contribution to mankind.

Meanings of Art • Art is Not Nature

It is a self-assumption that art is not nature simply because the
Etymology natural things around us as we believe created by God is a work of
• French word art which means skill as a result of learning or art. Though man’s art may get from the nature or environment for
practice inspirations, man most of the time deal with the art using his own
• Latin word arts – ability or practical skills. ability and skills to create one.
• Art is a product of man’s inventiveness and creativity.
• According to Susanne Lander, Art molds our actual life of feelings, • Art Involves Experience
by giving form to the world, it articulates human nature, sensitivity, All art involves experience. Experience is the actual doing of
energy, passion and mortality. something. The perfection of art appreciation will never be possible
without experiencing art. All art requires experience.
• Art is generally understood as any activity or product done by
people with a communicative or aesthetic purpose. Art Involves Experience

Art is concerned with sensuous medium such as the mind, senses Two Characteristics of Experience
and arousing inner emotions 1. Experience of Art is Subjective
2. Art Experience Accompanied by Emotional Response
Art is the human ability to make things of beauty and things that stir
man; it is creativity Characteristic 1:
Experience of Art is Subjective
Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is. It is meant to Our judgement of art is highly personal and individual. Not
stimulate thought because it allows viewers to draw their own everybody will agree on one’s judgment therefore it’s tantamount to
emotions and pull from their personal experiences when viewed. It a famous saying that “beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”
is very powerful in this way and it naturally develops critical and
innovative thinking skills. Art also teaches many important qualities Characteristic 2:
such as listening, observing and responding to multiple perspectives. Art Experience Accompanied by Emotional Response
Initial reaction in such experience of art is inevitable. We may either
like it or the other way around. Just like the first one, the emotional
Art in Humanities effect of art in one person may not be the same to others.
Art is a human experience through words and non-verbal forms of Art as a Process and a Product
expression. Arts is the act of creation itself whether through The acts such as drawing, painting, sculpting, decorating, designing
performance or the physical production of works. The creation is buildings, building bridges, engineering and technology, singing,
also the product based on research and methodology necessary for dancing. etching, a musical composition, choreography or a
humanities to survive in all aspect of existence. tapestry and the use of camera or computers to create images and
memorable works and etc.
Meanings of Humanities
• Comes from the Latin word – humanus.
• A human is cultured, educated and refined. Common Art Examples
• Cultured is characterized by refined taste and manners and good
education. Drawings / Sketching – any drawings for the purpose of expression
• Educated means with rationality, kindness and tenderness. or function
• Refined means polished, polite, cautious behavior.
Blue Prints – house, furniture, appliances and etc.
Aim of Humanities
Painting – is an image (artwork) created using pigments (color) on
To promote awareness of the interrelationships of all fields of
a surface (ground) such as paper or canvas.
knowledge because it represents people’s highest goals, aspirations,
hopes and ambitions as well as challenges, disappointments and Sculpting – creating three-dimensional art object using any materials
frustrations reflected in various acts. either by carved, modeled, molded, cast, wrought, welded, sewn,
assembled, or otherwise shaped and combined.
Humanities as a Social Science
• Communication – art of sharing information Decorating – any of those arts that are concerned with the design
• Anthropology – study of man’s beginnings. and decoration of objects for personal or commercial purposes
• Psychology – study of man’s mind and his behavior.
• Linguistics – study of man’s languages Designing Buildings – the use of any the building materials that is
• Cultural studies – study of man’s beliefs, arts, customs, literature, functional, flexible and durable for the intended purpose of the
etc. building.

Art in Humanities Building Bridges – a structure built to span a physical obstacle

• Art in Humanities is something that expresses an idea, an emotion (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without
or, more generally, a world view. blocking the way underneath

• It is a component of culture, reflecting economic and social Engineering and Technology – the art of creative technology and
substrates in its design. engineering allows engineers to improvise and confront new
situations. A creative engineer can adapt to change and successfully
• Art transmits ideas and values inherent in every culture across take on new problems with new set of formula.
space and time. Art in Singing – is the act of producing musical sounds with the
voice. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist (examples of
• Art’s role changes through time, acquiring more of an aesthetic
genre are jazz and popular music)
component and a socio-educational function in humanities.
Art in Dancing – a sequence of body movements, accompanied
Assumptions of Art
by music. The art of dance is also known as a form of performing
• Art is Universal art.
• Art is Not Nature
Etching – is a printmaking technique that uses chemical action
• Art Involves Experience
to produce incised lines in a metal printing plate which then
hold the applied ink and form the image.
Musical Composition – the act of conceiving a piece of music, the Christian/Western
art of creating music, or the finished product. BC Before Christ
AD Anno Domini
Choreography – is the art of making dances or other artistic Latin:
body movements, or the gathering and organization of movement In the year of the Lord
into order and pattern Secular/Generic
Tapestry – a form of textile art, traditionally woven by hand on a BCE Before Common Era
loom. Tapestry is weft-faced weaving, in which all the warp CE Common Era
threads are hidden in the completed work.
Camera Art Images – creating or capturing still or moving
images using a camera. Photography or video making is an art
form using digital camera and treated using computer apps or soft
wares.

Art gives meaning to our lives and helps us understand our world. It
is an essential part of our culture because it allows us to have a
deeper understanding of our emotions. It increases our self-
awareness, and also allows us to be open to new ideas and
experiences

Art and humanities are coexisting. Art Appreciation is anytime and

everywhere. It’s a way of living... It’s a lifestyle.”- Anonymous -

❖ LESSON 2: Art Timeline

⮚Brief History of Art The history of art is immense. The next slides shows some of the
⮚Art Timeline summarized period of art from prehistoric dated form 27,000 up
⮚Why Appreciate Art History to modern times:

What is Art History Stone Age 30,000BC- - 25,000BC

The history of art is as old as the history of human from the Characteristic: cave paintings, fertility goddesses, megalithic
prehistoric to the present times. Early paintings of the cavemen structures.
to Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” in the early 20th century are both in the Major Artwork:
form of visual arts that challenge our creative minds and inspire us
to witness the beauty of man’s creative skills.

Art history - doesn’t consist in simply listing all the art movements
and placing them on a timeline but rather it is the study of
objects of art considered within their time period.

Art Historiography - is the historical study of the visual arts Stonehenge (3000 – 2000BC) – believed to be
which aims to identify, classify, describe, evaluate, interpret, and constructed several stages and now one of the most famous
understand the historical progress of painting, sculpture, prehistoric landmarks in the United Kingdom.
architecture, and other notable drawing, including the modern
day printmaking, decorative arts, photography, interior designs Mesopotamian 3500BC - 539BC
and other art products. Characteristic: warrior art and narration in stone relief.
Major Artwork:

Art Historiography Primary Concern:

•To discover who made the particular art piece or object; and
•To understand techniques and format developments
of artistic traditions in a greater measure and within a broad
historical perspective.

Art Historian - analyze visual arts’ meaning and are

interested in what the works of art represented at the time they
were created. It is a way to learn about the civilizations of the past Hammurabi’s Code (1792 - 1750 BC) – black stone stele containing
and its connection to the present time. the Code was carved from a single, four-ton slab of diorite.

Egyptian 3100BC - 30BC

Art Iconography - It is the science of identification, description, Characteristic: art with an afterlife focus.
classification, and interpretation of symbols, themes, and subject Major Artwork:
matter in the creation of the visual arts.

What is Art History

era period circa movement timeline stage
- time division –

- chronological dating -

Statue of Seated Imhotep (332–30 BC) - Imhotep was a high official

and an architect who oversaw construction of Egypt's first
monumental stone pyramid.

Greek and Hellenistic 850BC - 31BC

What is Art History Characteristic: Idealism on balance and proportion.
Time Tags Major Artwork:
 Mars and Venus (1485) – early renaissance painting by an Italian
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi known as Sandro Botticelli.
Elgin Marbles (447 – 468 BC) – a famous statue sculpted by Phidias Characteristic: Rebirth of classical culture
who is also renowned painter and architect.
Venetian & Modern Renaissance1430 – 1550
Roman 500BC – 476AD Major Artwork:
Characteristic: realism, practical, down-to-earth and grand arches.
Major Artwork:

The Tempest (1508) – a painting by the Italian master Giorgione.

Originally commissioned by the Venetian noble Gabriele Vendramin,
the painting is now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of Venice, Italy
Augustus of Prima Porta (447 – 468 BC) – The Mannerism 1527 – 1580
statue is an idealized image of Augustus, a pose of a Roman orator. Major Artwork:
Indian, Chinese, and Japanese653BC – 1900AD
Characteristic: serene and meditative art.
Major Artwork:

The Carmignano Visitation (1528) – is an oil on panel painting of the

Visitation by Jacopo Carucci also known as Jacopo Pontormo. He was
an Italian Mannerist painter and portraitist from the Florentine
School.Characteristic: breaking the rules, artifice vs nature.

Baroque 1600 – 1750

Major Artwork:
A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks (919 – 967 AD) – the painting
was rendered in 1nk and light color on silk measuring 111.76 × 55.88
cm.

Byzantine and Islamic 476BC – 1453AD

Characteristic: heavenly and maze art like design.
Major Artwork:

Palace of Versailles (1650) – the home to the Kings of France, the

Palace of Versailles is one of the most important landmarks in
French history and the symbol of absolute monarchy system.
Characteristic: splendor and art as a religious weapon.

Neoclassical 1750 – 1850

Alhambra - a palace and fortress complex located in Andalusia,
Major Artwork:
Spain. Originally constructed as a small fortress in 889 AD.

Middle Ages 500 – 4100

Characteristic: Celtic, Carolingian, Romanesque, Renaissance &
Gothic.
Major Artwork:

Venus Victrix (1808) – sculpture by an Italian Antonio Canova, often

regarded as the greatest Neoclassical artist, inspired from Baroque
avoiding melodramatic classical revival. Characteristic: recapturing
Greco-Roman grandeur.

Realism 1865 – 1885

Durham Cathedral - is a Norman building constructed between 1093 Major Artwork:
and 1133 in the Romanesque style. The oldest surviving building
with a large stone vaulted ceiling.

Early & High Renaissance 1400 – 1550

Major Artwork:

The Death of Nelson (1806) – a painting by the American artist

Benjamin West dated 1806. Entirely self-taught artist, soon gained
valuable patronage, and he toured Europe before, eventually Why Appreciate Art History?
settling in London. Characteristic: rustic painting, working class,
peasants. Art history provides a means by which we can understand our
human past and its relationship to our present, because the act of
Realism 1848 – 1900 making art is one of humanity’s most ubiquitous activities.
Major Artwork:

1. Art History brings you closer to the footprint of humankind along

history, because it’s the story of us and our superpower to
appreciate and create.
2. Art History helps you wipe your fears of the unknown.
•appreciate to learn about the past and
•to discover connections to the present and the future.
3. Art History introduces cultural diversity. The bizarre and the
oddities help us to understand humanity.
4. Art History trains you to deal and manage oodles of images
Stone Breaker (1849) – a painting by the French painter Gustave
in little time. To successfully process everything we encounter in
Courbet. A work of social realism, depicting two peasants breaking
our everyday life.
rocks and exhibited at the Paris Salon later that year. Characteristic:
5. Art History teaches us to cope with uncertainty, despair and
rustic painting, working class, peasants.
sorrow. Every artwork is related to reality in itself and it helps us to
Impressionism 1865 – 1885 somehow understand all the difficulties in life.
Major Artwork: 6. Art History allows you to connect with feelings we never knew we
could have. When we understand an art we are looking at, and we
feel its message that’s what we call aesthetic experience.
7. Art History reminds us how very human we are. Artists just like us
are human being. Every art they make is a reflection of how human
we are.
8. Art History teaches us how to solve problems as artists have done.
Architects and engineers are artists too. Have we ever realized how
The Bellelli Family (1867) – also known as Family Portrait, an oil our life can be the same without them?
painting on canvas by Edgar Degas. The painting is a portrait of his
9. Art History boosts our imagination. It is normal to have so many
aunt, her husband, and their two young daughters.
what-if in our minds on things around us and processing it helps
Post-Impressionism 1885 – 1910 us to be innovative and more creative.
Major Artwork:
10. Art History encourages us to be an artist too in our own right.

The history of the world is similarly the history of art, continually

intertwined. For millions of years, as humans roamed the earth,
evolution, and environment shaped many different cultures
depending on location, weather, natural resources, and food.

These cultures formed the foundation of all art today. Art

appreciation analyzes art using the methods and materials, allowing
people to make connections to the context of art and the
Tahitian Women on the Beach (1891) – a painting by Paul Gauguin.
interactions of societies.
The painting depicts two women on the Pacific island of Tahiti on
the beach during the time of his short residency in a small island. “The History of Art is the history of revivals”- Samuel Butler -

Fauvism and Expressionism1900 – 1935 ❖ LESSON 3: Nature, Functions and

Major Artwork: Philosophies of Art

NATURE OF ART

Art is created by man for representation of life or simply the way of

life identified as follows:
1. To Express Life
2. To Provide Social Values and Cultural Identity
3. To Bridge Human Intelligence and Perceptions

1. To Express Life - exploring ideals and possibilities.

2. To Provide Social Values and Cultural Identity - Order and

Yellow-Red-Blue (1925) – is an abstract oil painting by Wassily structure.
Kandinsky. It features beautiful bright colors and a variety of
different shapes.Characteristic: harsh colors, emotion distorting 3. To Bridge Human Intelligence and Perceptions - Form and
forms. Meaning.

Post-Modernism 1970 – present Nature of Art, Living with Art

Major Artwork: The role of art in human life is to transform man's widest
metaphysical ideas, by selective reproduction of reality, into a
physical form and work of art that he can comprehend and to which
he can respond emotionally.

Functions of Art

Purposes & Functions of Art

The Heydar Aliyev Center (2012) – is a 57,500 m² building complex in
Art plays an important role in the society. There is difficulty in
Baku, Azerbaijan designed by Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid and
quantifying the functions of arts in the history of human being
noted for its distinctive style and flowing, curved style that
because almost all creations of man had its own unique purpose.
eschews sharp angles. Characteristic: without center, remixing past
The following are significant areas in society where art is playing
styles.
important functions:
1. Personal or Individual Function various kinds of art and power, occurs across historical epochs and
Regardless of how social we think we are and how dependent cultures. As they respond to contemporaneous events and politics,
we are on others, we have a private and separate understanding of the arts take on political as well as social dimensions, becoming
ourselves. We think of ourselves as unique, different, themselves a focus of controversy and even a force of political as
exceptional in some ways, as if we have thoughts unique only to us well as social change.
and no one else.
Philosophies of Art
2. Social Functions of Art Philosophy of art is the study of concepts and nature of arts such
Many works of art are deliberately designed to influence group as: interpretation, representation and expression, and form. It is
thinking like: closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical study of beauty
•Artists may try to make us laugh at the same phenomena. and taste.
•Accept economic, religious, or social ideologies. 1. interpretation
•See our social situation in ways which had not previously been 2. representation
apparent. 3. expression
4. form
3. Psychological Function of Art
Art is not a pastime or a leisurely activity. Some important aspects 1. Interpretation
are: Interpretation in art refers to the attribution of meaning to a work.
•self identity A point on which people often disagree is whether the artist’s or
•actualization of self author’s intention is relevant to the interpretation of the work.
•remembering Two Branches of Interpretation:
•hope Intentionalism
•avoiding sorrow •Concerned with the artist’s intention.
•rebalancing Anti-intentionalism
•self-understanding •Rejecting the relevance of the artist’s intention.
•growth 2. Representation
•appreciation It’s a type of description or portrayal of the artist in the artwork in
which revolve around creating visceral, intimate worlds that reach
4. Physical Function of Art far beyond mere reproduction of the subjects in the physical world.
Usually relates to items that can be used for a practical purpose
because of their physical structure, despite their artistic appeal.
Examples are: Types of Representation Art:
•furniture and equipment •Realism
•leisure park development •Abstraction
•gadgets and appliances •Impressionism
•Architecture and
related fields of design and etc. REALISM

5. Historical Function of Art Sometimes called naturalism, in the arts is generally the attempt to
•Learn about this rich and fundamental strand of human culture. represent subject matter truthfully.
•Understand our human past and its relationship to our present. ABSTRACTION
Recording and documentation.
•Learn to talk and write about works of art from different periods Art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of
and places. a visual reality but instead use shapes, colors, forms and gestural
marks to achieve its effect.
6. Cultural Function of Art
Art influences society by changing opinions, instilling values and IMPRESSIONISM
translating experiences across space and time. It allows people
from different society and different times to communicate with Impressionist art were not trying to paint a reflection of real life,
each other via images, sounds and stories enriching cultural worth. but an 'impression' of what the person, light, atmosphere, object
or landscape looked like to them.
7. Religious Function of Art
As a stimulus for creativity and culture, religion is the spiritual Aesthetic Theory:
impulse that conjoins humanity with divinity through spiritual Aestheticism was a late 19th century European theory based on the
experience, ceremony, and mythology. Art and religion converge idea that art exists for the sake of its beauty alone. Good
through ritual practice and presentation of sacred narrative, judgements in aesthetics are grounded in features of artworks
thereby affecting "an experience of the numinous" (Otto, 1923) themselves, not just in us and our preferences.

8. Aesthetic Function of Art Aesthetic qualities are the qualities of an artwork that speak to the
Three crucial characteristics of aesthetic experience: overall feeling or mood of the artwork. It’s when art elements and
•fascination with an aesthetic object (high arousal and attention), principles come together to create a sense of beauty, harmony and
•appraisal of the symbolic reality of an object (high cognitive feel in the artwork. How about this?
engagement), and a Aesthetic Theory:
•strong feeling of unity with the object of aesthetic fascination and Portrait of Ambroise Vollard is an oil-on-canvas painting by Pablo
aesthetic appraisal. Picasso, 1910
9. Industry and Economy Function of Art Aesthetic theory of art related to the embedded descriptions
Arts and Design can be classified as a creative industry. Every and interpretations of the concepts of art and its significance to
industry no matter what its type can play a role in the economic people’s experience and emotions.
growth. 1. Imitationalism
•advertising 2. Formalism
•manufacturing 3. Emotionalism
•entertainment 4. Instrumentalism
•tourism 5. Institutionalism
•engineering & technology
•computer software Philosophies of Art
•construction
•etc. Aesthetic Theory:

10. Political Function of Art 1. IMITATIONALISM

The arts and politics has a strong relationship, particularly between
Representational artwork aims to represent actual objects or our existence.
subjects from reality. Although some forms are taking steps toward The term ‘appreciation’ – giving value to; increase the worth of;
abstraction, they still fall under the category of representation. understand and recognize good qualities of.

2. FORMALISM
Art appreciation is the knowledge and understanding of the
It describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a universal and timeless qualities that identify all great art. The more
work of art is its form. The way it is made and its purely visual you appreciate and understand the art of different eras,
aspects rather than its narrative content or its relationship to the movements, styles and techniques, the better you can develop,
visible world. evaluate and improve your own artwork.
3. Emotionalism
Art Appreciation – simply deals with learning or understanding
Theory of art which places emphasis on the expressive qualities. and creating arts and enjoying them.
According to this theory, the most important thing about a work of
art is the vivid communication of moods, feelings, and ideas. Art Appreciation or Aesthetic education - the capacity to
understand works of art and experience a certain emotional
4. Instrumentalism enjoyment in looking other work of art or creating own arts.
The theory that art should be an instrument for furthering a
point of view that is moral, social, religious, or political. This art Art Appreciation refers to analyzing the form of an artwork to
tends to be persuasive. general audiences to enhance their enjoyment of such works of
art.
5. INSTITUTIONALISM
Art may be appreciated or analyzed without reference to subject
This is a relatively new theory of looking at art. It is a somewhat matter, symbolism or historical context.
controversial theory and some people feel it is not a valid way of
looking at art. This tends to be artwork that a lot of people look at Art appreciation can be subjective depending on personal
and think "that's art?" preference to aesthetics and form, or it can be based on several
elements and principle of design and also depends on social and
Philosophies of Art cultural acceptance.
Fundamental Philosophies of Art: Defining Art Appreciation
The key to understanding and appreciate art, each of the following Art appreciation centers on the ability to view art throughout
fundamental theories the enthusiasts, artists (beginner or master) history, focusing on the cultures and the people, and how art
should consider: developed in the specific periods. It is difficult to understand art
1. Art is human-made. without understanding the culture, their use of materials, and a
2. Art must be creative not imitative. sense of beauty.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy human being.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium or material by which in Art Appreciation is:
which they should be known for. •Gaining the knowledge to understand the art.
•Acquire the art methods and materials to discuss art verbally or
1. Art is human-made. by the written word.
Art expresses as a result of the intricacies of life, as a result of •Ability to identify the movements from ancient cultures to
humans continually searching for meaning, making meaning out today's contemporary art.
of lived or observed experiences, and attempting to connect to ➢ Importance of Art Appreciation
other humans
Every person is born with the innate desire to create art, and
2. Art must be creative not imitative. similar to other professions, training is essential in honing skills to
A creative work of art is something that makes you ask questions produce art. Art education broadens a person's comprehension,
and, because it makes you ask questions, it gets your creativity development, and visions of art. Art brings an understanding of
flowing. diversity, how people lived in the past, and connects the issues
concerning contemporary life and art today.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy human being.
1. Art Allows us to Connect with Our Inner Selves Art can transform
Stress Relief our lives. When we connect with art, we are ultimately
Confidence Boost connecting with our inner selves. Art enables us to look within and
Problem Solving to listen to ourselves, realize who we are, and what we care about.
It connects us to our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and our
Inspiration outer realities and experiences.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium 2. Art Causes us to Have an Appreciation and Gratification for
What we Have in our Lives We tend to be happier when we are able
or material in which they should be known for. Own unique to look at life through a standpoint of appreciation and
approach and concept. gratification - when we are able to view all of the wonderful details
that are going well in our lives instead of focusing on the
Art, whether you love it or hate it, the purpose is to elicit a response. alternative. Art Brings More Creativity, Satisfaction, and
Artists produce work as a result of internal or external stimuli, it is Happiness Into Our Lives
the only aim should be to cause a reaction. - A.C. Grayling

“Art is not what you see, but what you make others to see.”- Edgar 3. When we create art according to Dr. Shelley Carson, “arts
Degas – gives us ability to improve our mood, broadens our attention and
allows us to see possible and creative solutions to problems.”

Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is but it allows us to

❖ LESSON 4: connect and empathize on an emotional level while also learning
Defining Art Appreciation about the culture,
Importance of Art Appreciation
It is meant to stimulate thought because it allows viewers to draw
Why Study Art Appreciation
their own emotions and pull from their personal experiences when
Creativity, Imagination, and Expression
viewed.
➢ Defining Art Appreciation
It is very powerful and it naturally develops critical and innovative
The term ‘art’ encompasses a large variety of works, from paintings
thinking skills.
to sculptures, architecture to design, and in modern times,
digital art and so many other forms like the things that surrounds
It also teaches many important qualities such as listening, you happiness. With that our mind will be clear, and that would help
observing and responding to multiple perspectives. us focus on our studies, and that would help us get better grades.

Due to the subjective nature of art, we can learn to construct 7. Arts helps us to communicate well with other people.
meaning and articulate their thoughts when they express, in our Research shows that art therapy has a way of energizing the
own words, our personal opinions about what we are seeing, brain, even for those children who are non-verbal or are autistic. A
feeling and thinking. calm mind helps us to be more social and react pleasantly.

It allows us an opportunity to develop an open mind and understand 8. Arts helps us learn visually.
that there is more than just one solution to a problem. As they progress in Visual Arts, we develop perceptual skills in
observation and the ability to respond and view artworks
Having an appreciation for art also helps us to develop an critically. We also develop the conceptual capacity to develop ideas
appreciation for each other and how we are all unique in our own and express them visually. They identify, analyze and interpret
way. meaning in artworks from diverse contexts.
As always mentioned, art is all around us and therefore we 9. Arts helps you to express your emotions.
have to react towards it because it gives meaning to our lives and Art can provide us very natural and safe way to express
helps us understand our world. ourselves. It allows us to play, experiment, make a mess, create
Appreciating art provides us with a forum in developing our literacy stories, use metaphors to represent feelings, explore alternative
and communication skills. narratives, externalize feelings by creating characters, reflect, by
sharing art with others.
Francisco Goya
“Saturn Devouring His Son”,
1819–1823, 10. Art is the language of the soul.
“Art is a profound mirror, always reflecting back who you truly are.
“Art does not exist only to entertain, but also to challenge one Most people are petrified to take a look... But if you are brave
to think, to provoke, even to disturb in a constant search for the enough, you can see right into your soul.”
truth”. - Michelle Baker, Art Therapist

"Art is something that makes us more thoughtful and well- The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras,
rounded humans” movements, styles and techniques, the better you can develop,
evaluate and improve your own artwork. The more you develop
“Appreciating art is important. We tend to think it is a luxury, but it your skills in any art forms of your choice the more you become
gives people deep pleasure because beauty is the personification of human.
hope that something grander is at work.”

➢ Why Study Art Appreciation?

➢ Creativity in Art
We have always heard sayings like "Why study art? Why not
Engineering, Science, or Commerce?", "Art won't get you Fallacy:
anywhere," "Art is useless," "You won't get a proper job" and so Art and creativity are two different concepts. Yes, they are
many other issues. correlated, but one does not imply the other at least, not
automatically, or one is less than the other in value. The skill of
The truth based on research was, students do better in their being creative develops curiosity and, along with it, brings new
education because arts makes a huge impact in their character and opportunities forward.
personality.
Fact:
The next few slides are the pointers why art is Important in •Being creative means seeking ways to change the normal and think
every human daily existence. out of the box. Linking creativity with persistence can result in art,
which is the result of creativity and constant effort combined.
1. Arts improves creativity skills. •Motivation has to be another element in the process of
“Everybody has a creative potential and from the moment you can creation for art to result.
express this creative potential, you can start changing the world.” •There cannot be art without creativity, but creativity can exist
- Paulo Coelho, Author without art.

2. Arts gives you joy. Creativity - according to Webster’s creativity is the ability to create
“Exercising our creativity can give us an outlet from our daily and the quality of being creative.
routines, helping us express emotions and boost our happiness Creativity in Art – An artist is the maker of the art and must be
levels.” creative. Being a creative artist requires knowledge in using the
- Juliet Davey, Psychologist imagination to explore innovative ideas, materials and tools
applicable to any art forms making. A creative artist is a person
3. Arts relieves stress. who is dedicated to artwork’s originality and authenticity.
Studies suggest that art therapy can be very valuable in treating
issues such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder •Creativity
and even some phobias. It is a great way to express your Just like the first, the envisioning of ideas is likely a choice
emotions without words, process complex feelings and find relief. between to create a new one and or recreate and improve the
4. Arts gives us the opportunity to showcase our skills and talent. present ideas.
There are many different ways of expressing our artistic side, and we
don't have to aspire to be a professional. Art is for everybody, and Creativity in Art
we can enjoy it simply for its own sake. Our artistic abilities are How to be a Creative Artist?:
there to be discovered. 1. Opened to play.
5. Arts gives us confidence. 2. Artist’s emotion.
3. A constant desire to create.
Arts education improves our confidence. Studies have shown that
when an individual participate in art activities with peers, the
feedback they give to each other builds self-respect by helping How to be a Creative Artist?:
them learn to accept criticism and praise from others. 1. Opened to play.
6. Arts helps us do well academically. Artists will be the explorer who never stops. They will not be taken
Study shows a few hours of art will help us relieve stress and give back by previous discoveries or preconceived notions. Creative
artists will succeed because they are continuously open to new
possibilities, won’t see failure as a drawback but rather as a
means of achieving greatness by becoming aware of what could someone suddenly thinks of a solution to some problem or think of
improve. some innovative idea.

3. Spontaneous and Cognitive Creativity

There are times when you spend a long time to crack a problem but
2. Artist’s emotion. can’t think of any solution or think of any possible way. But when
•We all know that artists, whether self-taught or otherwise, are you are having your relaxation time and suddenly everything falls
creative, emotional, and often sensitive people. Most creative in place. Remember the great scientist Isaac Newton’s law of
individuals share in common with the artist’s success and it gravity, the ‘Eureka’ moments.
depends on the degree to which they develops these traits.
4. Spontaneous and emotional Creativity
3. A constant desire to create. This type of creativity are those moments that are defined as
A creative people are constantly engaging in creating something rare moments when great discoveries take place. There is no need
new. They don’t wait for something to happen or for the-right- to have specific knowledge for spontaneous and emotional
moment to pass by. They are creating circumstances for the creativity to happen but there should be a special skill to put
creation and, therefore, increase their chances of success in the ideas into record in anyway can be.:
whichever they are doing. ➢ Imagination in Art
The Creative Process:
Step 1, Preparing for creation. •Imagination
Step 2, Incubating selected ideas. Visualizing the unseen or impossible things or envisioning ideas that
Step 3, Implementing chosen ideas. are not present in reality or wanting it to happen or exist.
Lesson 4 •Imagination is very much associated with creativity since it is
The Creative Process: through imagination where ideas, feelings or images are initially
put together in the artist’s mind.

Step 1, Preparing for creation. •The imagination of the artist may be in the form of imaging or
This does not mean waiting for the right time to come to take picturing, feeling, or thinking what the work of art will become.
action instead preparing yourself for a long ride and understand The artists may also use their imagination on the possible
where your motivation comes from. It means that you are taking in alternatives to what they have finished at every step of the process.
the arguments for which you are starting the process and what •In the part of the audience or the public viewers would perhaps
benefits this creative process will bring to you. use their own imagination to understand the artist’s work,
which could be verbally difficult to explain.
Step 2, Incubating selected ideas.
This is time to brainstorm ideas and see what you want to 8 Subsequent Imagination in Art
create. What are the best ideas you came up with, and why do you 1. Effectuated Imagination
think that they are good? But most importantly, how will you act on Allows the artists to synthesize existing ideas together from existing
them? information.
Main Components of Creativity:
•Originality The method or idea must be new and unique. It should 2. Intellectual or Constructive Imagination
not be the extension of something, which already exists. However, The artist is able to work from an existing plan or a definite idea
one can take inspiration from the already existent methods and and is guided towards a distinct purpose. Intellectual imagination
ideas to fabricate something new and unique. is a very conscious and deliberate process.
•Functionality – A creative idea must work and produce results,
otherwise, the whole effort will be in vain.
3. Imaginative Fantasy
This is when you’re able to generate new ideas from scratch and can
Qualities of Creative People: be guided or unguided. This is what most writers and artists are
•Energetic good at. We usually have a moment of inspiration and go off to
•Intelligent explore wherever the fantasy may take us.
•Disciplined
4. Empathy
•Energetic - creative people are energetic physically and mentally This is a capacity that human beings have to mentally detach
utilizing it to conceptualize ideas. from ourselves and experience what another person is
•Intelligent – creative people are intelligent. Though experiencing from their point of view. It allows us to take an
high level of IQ is a plus, most people are intelligent enough in imaginative stroll in someone else’s shoes.
creative thinking and smart to create new ideas.
•Disciplined - creativity happens unexpectedly, so whenever an 5. Strategic Imagination
artist is under any circumstances, he or she is ready to somehow This is primarily concerned with what-could-be scenario. It’s the
make a note or record the ideas in anyway possible. ability to spot opportunities and visualize what might happen if
you were to take them. People who have an excellent strategic
imagination will have a realistic understanding of their own skills,
4 Types of Creativity: and be able to spot opportunities to develop.
1. Deliberate and Cognitive Creativity
People who possess deliberate and cognitive characteristics are 6. Emotional Imagination
purposeful. They have a great amount of knowledge about a An artist has to be aware of our emotions and the emotions of
particular subject and combine their skills and capabilities to human beings more generally. The artists has to know how to
prepare a course of action to achieve something. This type of create or project fear, how to create sadness, laughter and how
creativity built when people work for a very long time in a particular the artist’s possess the ability to play on those emotions to
area. generate form and structure that plays into this facet of audience’s
2. Deliberate and Emotional Creativity mindsets.
Their creativity is always a balanced product of deliberate
emotional thinking and logical actions. creativity is found in the 7. Dreams
amygdala, a part of the brain and is responsible for human emotions These are an unconscious form of imagination that we do when
that helps in learning and information processing. This is actually a we’re asleep. Scientists are still deciding what these crazy little
random moments referred to as “a-ha!” moments when night visions are all about, but for those of us that dream, it can be a
fun and sometimes scary way to access our imagination
interpret them in an art form. more realistic emotional experience for the audience entertainment
and learning as well.

8. Memory Reconstruction •Digital Arts

When we retrieve our memories of people, objects and events we Just like the cinematic and video arts, digital arts is a new emerging
use our imagination to regenerate the images. Memories are expression of motion pictures. The only difference of the latter is the
subconscious stored bits of information dragged into our conscious use of sophisticated tools like the computer. Initially, digital arts is
brain and our imagination often fills the gaps where memory hasn’t solely used for photography enhancement until the emergence of
been curated properly. video games and apps. Today digital arts serves tremendous
purpose in the field of the industry like advertising and software
"Imagination is more important than knowledge.“ development.
- Einstein
“Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same
➢ Expression in Art time.”– Thomas Merton –

Expression ❖ LESSON 5
Individual expression of art, it reflects the artist’s personal thoughts, The Art Forms
ideas, style and feelings.
Subjects and Methods of Art
Mediums and Technique of Art
Art is an expression made visible by a form. Art as a piece is an Elements and Principles of Art
expression of the artist and the artist is an expresser to convey
Art Forms
message or create meaning.
An activity or a piece of artistic work that can be regarded as a
Characteristics of Expressions in Art medium of artistic expression.
1. Expression of Feelings 1. Visual Arts
2. Expression of Beliefs and Ideas 2. Performing Arts
3. Expression of Character 3. Performance Arts
4. Literary Arts
Mode of Expressions in Creating Art 5. Digital and Multimedia Arts
1. Expression of Feelings 6. Decorative Arts
Natural release or reactions.
Expression of feelings often defined as a showing of emotion that
come from the inner world. Expression is the natural or 1. Visual Arts
intentional reaction in which emotional processes are made and
Visual arts refers to any piece of work or creation of
reflected as a concrete phenomenon.
art which are primarily visual in nature with artistic
2. Expression of Beliefs and Ideas: merit. Major forms are:
Philosophical Interpretation. a. Painting
In many cultures, art is used in religion, spiritual or magical rituals, b. Sculpture
performances and dances as a decoration or symbol of a god or c. Architecture
other divine quality. Anthropologists however knows that this d. Plastic Arts
expression often serve a purpose at the level of meaning within
a particular culture or social norms.
a. Painting
3. Expression of Character: From Latin word ‘pingere’ meaning to paint. Painting is a
Expressing the nature of things. category in visual and fine arts that involve the application of
Any moral message in the work should not, therefore, affect the paint, pigment, color, or other medium to a surface or support
overall value of the artwork in its aesthetics quality, either base in order to present an image of a subject. Paintings
positively or negatively. Artist’s and patrons of the arts also want to may be done in any surface as walls, paper, wood, concrete
protect their creation from censorship. If an artwork is judged glass, cloth, or cardboard, etc.
only on the basis of its aesthetic qualities, it should not be b. Sculpture
condemned for its moral message. It came from a Latin word ‘sculpere’ which means to cut or
removing pieces from a stone or any materials. It is the art of
carving, modelling, casting, assembling, and constructing
Forms of Expressing Art materials into figures of forms to achieve three-dimensional
•Visual Arts piece.
Is a major field in art that includes painting, drawing, printmaking,
ceramics, sculpture architecture, crafts and photography. c. Architecture
The art and technique of designing and building, as
•Literary Arts distinguished from the skills associated with construction. The
Literature is literally “acquaintance with letters” according to practice of architecture is employed to fulfill both practical and
Oxford. It originates from the Latin word ‘littera’ which means an expressive requirements, and thus it serves both utilitarian and
individual written character. Literary art is a combined discipline aesthetic ends.
of ideation, literary appreciation, and creative writing, which is d. Plastic Art
mainly prose of both fiction and nonfiction, drama, and poetry. Derived from the word ‘plasticize’, meaning ‘to mold’ which
describes any art form that involves modelling or molding in
•Performing Arts
three dimensions. The most common example of the plastic
Performing arts are forms of art such as music, dance or drama. In
arts is sculpture and artchitecture.
this category, artists is using voices, and physical body to convey
message or artistic expression.
. The body is considered the primary medium and conceptual 2. Performing Arts
material on which Performance Art is based. Other key Performing arts are art forms in which artists use their body
components are time, space and the relationship between movements to dance or play music instruments or use voice to
performer and audience. sing in order to convey artistic expression.
•Cinematic and Video Arts
Cinematic and video arts is a visual language in the form of The common performing art forms are:
portraying stories thru moving images. Cinematic or movie arts a. Music
is a combination of many disciplines and crafts to produce a b. Opera
 c. Dance Switzerland, Charles Spencer Chaplin Actor, Director and Composer
d. Drama
e. Spoken Words 2. Performing Arts
f. Cinema/Film/Movie Amusement forms of performing arts:
a. Magic and Illusion
a. Music is a form of art that uses sound organized in time. b. Mime
Music is also a form of entertainment that puts sounds c. Puppetry
together in a way that people like, find interesting or dance to. d. Circus Act
Most music includes people singing with their voices or playing
musical instruments like the piano, guitar, drums, violin, etc. a. Magic and Illusionism is a form of performing art using the
natural ability to create illusion and manipulative tricks for the
Example of Music Ensemble purpose of entertainment in front of the live audiences.
Founded in 1973, the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra is the
resident symphony orchestra of the Cultural Center of the b. Mime is a form of silent art that involves acting or
Philippines communicating using only movements, gestures, and facial
expressions. A person performing mime is also simple called a
b. Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform ‘mime’.
a dramatic work combining text or ‘libretto’ and musical score,
usually in a theatrical setting. c. Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the
Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, manipulation of puppets inanimate objects, often resembling
such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes some type of human or animal figure, that are animated or
includes dance. The performance is typically given in an manipulated by a human called a puppeteer.
opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller
musical ensemble. d. Circus Act circus is a group of many different performers, often
including clowns, trapeze artists, and animal trainers. Traditional
Example of Opera Artist circuses have performing animals, clowns, and acrobats, while
Armida Siguion-Reyna is known to be a Harana and more contemporary circuses combine elements of theater, dance,
Kundiman singer but she was also noted in the world of acrobatics, and music.
operas as she performed the lead singing roles in Lucia de
Lammersville, Rigoletto, La Traviata, I Pagliacci, The Merry 3. Performance Arts
Widow, and the zarzuela Ang Mestiza. Performance Art is a form of arts practice that involves a person or
persons undertaking an action or actions within a particular
c. Dance is the art form in which human movement timeframe in a particular space or location for an audience (most of
becomes the medium for sensing, understanding, and the time live audience). Central to the process and execution of
communicating ideas, feelings, and experiences. Dance has Performance Art is the live presence of the artist and the real actions
its own content, vocabulary, skills, and techniques, of his/her body, to create and present an ephemeral art
which must be understood and applied to be proficient in experience to a live audience.
the art.
Main characteristic: The primary medium and conceptual
Example of Hip-hop Dance Ensemble material on which Performance Art is based is the artist’s own
Upeepz won the gold medal in 2016, Mega Crew, body especially facial expressions. Other key components are time,
International Dance Hip-hop Competition. The team space and the relationship and connection between performer
was known for their urban choreography and street and audience.
culture advocacy.
Characteristics:
d. Drama arts are a form of narrative •It is a legitimate artistic movement.
performed on a stage in front of an audience. •It is performed live in front of the audience.
These stories and the way they are portrayed •It is an advocacy oriented art.
manifest in a wide variety of styles, also known •It has no rules or guidelines. It is art because the artist says it is
as genres. The two oldest genres are tragedy art. It is experimental.
and comedy and are still popular theme to •It may be entertaining, amusing, shocking or horrifying. It is
theater productions at present. meant to be memorable.
•It is primarily a not for sale art.
Example of Drama Production
From Lualhati Bautista's novel Desaparesidos, a Example 1 Steady Act, ‘Rhythm 0’, 1979, Social Experiment by
2018 stage play production in times of political Marina Abramovic, Russia
turmoil which took place during the 1970s.

e. Spoken Words poetry is an art that focuses, at its core, on the

words themselves. One quality of spoken word artists is they tend to
have a general passion for vernacular and vocabulary. A quality
spoken word artists tend to have is a commanding stage
Example 2 Janine Antoni: Loving care, lick, and lather
presence, though its not always innate, its learned.

Example of Spoken Poetry ArtistScott-Heron’s poetry collections to

name a few include Small Talk at 125th and Lenox: A Collection
of Black Poems (1970) and So Far, So Good (1990).

Gilbert Scott-Heron was an American soul and jazz poet,

musician, and author, known primarily for his work as a spoken- 4. Literary Arts
word performer in the 1970s and 1980s. Literary art comes from two words namely:
•Art
f. Cinema/Film/Movie, though art cinema is often defined as an
•Literature
artistic or experimental work expressing symbolic meaning
through the medium of film. It is ambiguous, aesthetically rich,
and complex and is now considered as the highest form of •Art means the expression of human feelings that have beauty
performing arts. value.
•Literature is an absorption word means guide, guidance or order in
Example of Cinema Artist
the form of text or voice.
“Charlie Chaplin” Comedy Act, 1918
So it can be concluded that literary art is something in the form of art include:
writing or stories that have artistic and cultural value that displays 1. Portraiture
the beauty of speech and language to convey certain meanings. 2. Still-life
3. Landscape
Genres of Literature: 4. Flaura and Fauna
a. Fiction 5. Countrylife
b. Nonfiction 6. Religious
c. Drama 7. Mythological
d. Poetry 8. Abstraction
e. Folktale

a. Fiction features imaginary characters and events. This genre is In the selection, abstraction is categorized as non-objective art
often broken up into several subgenres namely: fantasy, historical or non-representational art while the rest is categorized as objective
fiction, contemporary fiction, mystery, and science fiction. Each art or representational art.
subgenres could feature interesting themes like: graphics,
comedy, and romance.
1. Portraiture, Specifically referring to depiction of human male and
female.
b. Nonfiction tells the story of real people and events. Examples
include biographies, autobiographies, or memoirs.

c. Drama a popular category of literature,

is a story created mostly for a stage performance. The most
renowned author of drama was William Shakespeare, the writer of
Macbeth, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.

d. Poetry a style of writing words arranged in a metrical pattern

and often (though not always) in rhymed verse. ‘Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird’ is a 1940
painting by Mexican painter Frida Kahlo.
Renowned poets include E.E. Cummings,
Robert Frost, and Maya Angelou.
Francisco Balagtas, 1788-1862 Introduced ‘Balagtasan’ 2. Still-life, It represents a piece that features an arrangement of
inanimate objects as its subject.
e. Folktale referred to as mythology, tells stories of originally oral
literature and are meant to pass on particular moral lessons. These
tales often have a timeless quality, dealing with common
concerns that are relevant despite the time period.

5. New Media Arts

Since the 1960s, artistic work or practice that uses digital or
computer technology as part of the creative or presentation ‘Still Life with a Turkey Pie’ is a 1627 painting by the Dutch painter
process is either called ‘computer art’ or ‘digital art’. Later part it Pieter Claesz
was defined as ‘digital media art’. Today it is now placed under
the larger umbrella term the ‘new media art’.
3 . Landscape is strictly referring to land and water sceneries and
Remarkable Impacts of New Media Arts to forms. Seascape and cityscape is also an acceptable term in
Contemporary Arts specifying particular sceneries.
The impact of digital technology has transformed human art
expressions such as painting, drawing and sculpture, music and
literature even in architecture. The use of new tools which become
very helpful for the artists not only to enhance but to make
artwork in a more creative process towards innovative and
unexplored paths.

Example 1 Architecture 3D Printing ‘The Bridge at Narni’is an 1826 painting of the Ponte d'Augusto at
Narni by French artistJean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.

4. Flora and Fauna, artworks representing animals and any form of

flowers and plants.

Example 2 Green Screen CGI Effects Movies/Films

‘The Morning in a Pine Forest’ is a painting by Russian artists Ivan

Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky, 1889

5. Country Life, artworks representing the daily lives of people.

Example 3 Video clip Landscape Digital Painting

‘The Fall of Icarus’ portraying life by theriver and abundant land to

farm by Pieter Bruegel, 1560
Subjects of Art
In general, subject may be thought of as the ‘what’ in a piece of art
such as the topic, focus, and image. The most common subjects of
6. Religious, It represents events objects and persons related to
religious beliefs and practices.

Cubism, ‘The Bird Seller’ is a history painting created by a

Filipino visual artist Vicente Manansala, 1976

‘The Transfiguration’ is the last painting by the Italian High 4. Expressionism method is a depiction of emotional realism
Renaissance master Raphael. 1516 expression of a real-life subject based on subjective perspective.

7. Mythological, it represents supernatural events or fantasy

depiction of people, places and objects.

‘Jeune garçon au cheval’ is an oil on canvas painting by Pablo

Picasso. 1906
Greek sculpture of Ocean god, named ‘Marforio’ or ‘Marphurius’,
located in Rome, Italy. Classic mythology in art. 5. Impressionism is a realism art based on the artist’s impression
or perception particularly the effects of lights on the objects or
8. Abstraction, Art that has no real subjects or representation is an
subjects.
abstract, a total departure from reality.

White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose) is an abstract

painting by Mark Rothko completed in 1950 ‘Luncheon on the Grass’ is an 1865–1866 oil on canvas painting by
Claude Monet.
Methods of Presenting Art
Every artist has his own individual and unique style of doing his
artworks. The style is almost all governed by his expertise and 6 Symbolism, Just like in literature, symbolism in painting
choice of the methods in presenting his subjects. represents absolute reality using visible signs of object in an
1. Realism indirect manner.
2. Surealism
3. Cubism
4. Expressionism
5. Impressionism
6. Symbolism
7. Pointillism
8. Futurism
9. Minimalism
10. Fauvism ‘Oedipus and the Sphinx’ is an 1864 oil on canvas painting by
11. Dadaism Gustave Moreau, 1864
12. Pure Abstractionism

1. Realism Known also as naturalism, this is an attempt to represent 7 Pointillism, a unique way of rendering a painting applying fine
things as it is with accuracy and precision. dots in the canvas.

‘The Shepherdess’, also known as The Little Shepherdess, is a

painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau completed in 1889.

2. Surrealism An invented word came from super naturalism or ‘The Beach at Ambleteuse at Low Tide’ a pointillism painting
simply beyond realism. Surrealist attempt to represent subjects by Théo van Rysselberghe
which is usually the result of dreams or fantasy.

8. Futurism, Originated in Italy, this type of painting depicts

motion like the speed of a flying objects are portrayed
dramatically in the canvas.

‘I and the Village’ is an oil on canvas painting by the Belarusian-

French artist Marc Chagall created in 1911.

3 Cubism The cubist want to emphasize the advantage of using

the basic geometric shapes in presenting any subjects. Pioneer
artists in this method is Brague and Picasso.

‘Auroro Sul Golfo’, A futurism painting by Gerardo Dottori,

1935
9. Minimalism, A modern art emphasizes the importance of Medium in art is the material that artists use to create their art.
shapes and space that depicts minimal usage of flamboyant display One piece of art can be made of one medium or could be made
of decorative design but rather simplicity. This method is more by several media if several medium is applied to it. The more you
applicable in sculpture, architecture and product design. know about the properties of various mediums, the wider your
artistic horizons are.

Common Mediums In Making an Art:

Watercolors, they are unpredictable. It is hard to change the way it
is going to disperse once it is applied on the paper. Once you
master the skill and the courage, you will realize that watercolors
is one fun art medium in making art.

Pastels, chalk pastels are great for creating textures, blending

‘She Who Must Be Obeyed’ is a minimalist sculpture 33’ wide and colors, and layering. This medium in art is known as luminous and
16’ deep made by Tony Smith in 1975. tender. The powder used for pastel pencils and chalks is a pigment
itself, that is why the colors are deep, and the effect is stunning.
10. Fauvism, this painting uses bright colors and attractive shapes
that depicts happiness and positivity. Ink is a convenient and affordable art medium. It comes in the
form of a graphic, fountain, drawing, reed, and drafting pens or
simply ballpoint pens. Ink goes as paint in small bottles too. It can
be used for drawing as well as calligraphy and writing.

Pencils, colored pencils are not for kids alone. There is no such
thing as a ‘childish’ medium because everything depends on how
you use it. Pencil artwork has deep, and luminescent effect aside
from it is convenient to use and affordable art medium.

Mixed media is the incorporation of two or all media of your

choice together in a unique way. This technique is enjoyable
‘The River Seine at Chatou’ by Maurice de Vlaminck. 1906 because it allows you to experiment and can take numerous
forms, and there are no limits for your imagination to explore.

11. Dadaism, Dada as known to artists, this painting is shocking Again, there is no such thing as ‘the best medium.’ Everything
in portrayal of political, social, and cultural issues and subjects. depends on your preferences, ideas, and creative objectives. Try
them all and choose the one you like most.

Mediums and Technique of Arts

Technique, style, your look, whatever you want to call it is as
individual as your signature and your art skill should be your
identity. Learning the fundamentals is simple to do, but like all art,
they require a lot of practice to master.

Drawing is one of the most basic ways to exercise your

creativity. Whether you’re using a pencil, pen, crayon, or even
your fingers, the skills you gain from the activity translate to a
‘Switzerland, Birth-Place of Dada’ by Max Ernst. 1920 bevy of different media. But once you do, you’ll have the
ability create images you’re truly proud of.
12. Pure Abstractionism, from its name, this art is actually a
withdrawal from truth and reality. This art is being presented in
distortion, elongation, mangling, cubism and abstract expressionism. To learn how to handle a particular medium takes a few hours of
practice. One needs to open their mind, heart, and emotions to
feel what is right. Let intuition take over, to listen to their gut,
let your hand and fingers do the work and surprisingly,
technique will come.

Mediums and technique are essentials in creating art. After every

art is done, it should meet the following measurement:
1. Genuineness
2. Aesthetic quality
3. Mastery of skill

Focal Point Technique, is the area or areas within a scene that leads
to the visual attention of the viewers. In most cases, the main
‘The She-Wolf’ is a pure abstraction painting by Jackson Pollock. subject of the art is also the focal point of the art.
1943 1. Contrast
2. Isolation
Mediums and Technique of Arts
3. Placement
Medium refers to the art materials and tools and other supplies
4. Convergence
while technique refers to how the desired materials are used or
5. Unusual
applied to make an art piece.
 1. Elements of Art
•Line
•Shape
•Form
•Value
•Color
•Space
•Texture
•Time & Motion

•Line can be vertical, diagonal, horizontal, and even curved. It can

be any width, size, shape, position, direction, interval, or density.

if a line were to curve around and eventually cross itself,

the enclosed area is called a shape. Shapes can either be in
irregular or regular geometric form

•Form connotes something that is three-dimensional having length,

width, and height. A form can be geometric or organic and is also
used to describe the physical nature of the artwork not only in
paintings but in architecture and sculpture as well.

•Value The light or dark quality of a color. When black is added to a

color the value of that color is darkened. When white is added to a
color the value is lightened or tinted. Value is best seen in black
and white photography.

Variance in Value:
•Chiaroscuro – balance of light and shadow.
•Sfumato – gradual blending of light and shadow.
•Caravaggio – heavy shadow against light.

Identifying Value:

•Color is often one of the most exciting elements in art. In both

figurative and abstract painting, color can be used for its
decorative beauty, to create mood and to express or arouse an
emotion. In nature and in art, color

•Characteristics of Color:
Hue – the color itself.
Value – dark or light quality of color.
Intensity – brightness or saturation of color

•Basic Categories of Color:

1. Primary – yellow, red, and blue.
2. Secondary – mixture of two primary colors makes orange, purple,
and green.

3. Intermediate – mixture of one primary and secondary color

makes blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-orange, red-orange,
Composition of an Artwork red-violet, and blue violet.
1. Elements of Art
2. Principles of Design •Space refers to the distance or area between, around, above,
The structure of an artwork refers to the composition below, or within things. Negative space in a painting is any volume
of finished artwork assembled in harmony by or air that is not occupied by a solid form, positive space is any space
necessary elements based on artist’s critical taste, in a painting that is filled with something, such as lines, colors,
planning, and decision making to create thereby a shapes or designs.
composition of a master piece.
Picture Plane within a Space
1. Foreground – nearest to the viewer
1. Elements of Art 2. Middle ground – layer next to foreground
The structure of an artwork refers to the composition 3. Background – layer after the middle ground
of finished artwork assembled in harmony by
necessary elements based on artist’s critical taste, •Texture, it describes the feel of surfaces like smooth, rough, soft,
planning, and decision making to create thereby a composition hard, cold, warm, etc. For example the optical sensation of the
of a master piece. surface of the wood and how it feels even without touching it.
•Time & Motion is employed in both static and in time-based
mediums and can show a direct action or the intended path for
the viewer's eye to follow through a piece. Techniques such as scale
and proportion are used to create the feeling of motion or the
passing of time in static visual artwork.

2. Principles of Design
When you look at a piece of art work, the first thing you will notice is
the composition of the master piece. The principles of design is an
artistic arrangement of the desired composition according to the
following:
•Balance
•Unity
•Emphasis
•Contrast
•Pattern
•Movement and
•Rhythm

•Balance in design covers how the visual weight of elements are

balanced with each other on both sides of a design to create
cohesiveness, completion, and satisfaction. To achieve optimal
balance, your composition should be balanced vertically,
horizontally, diagonally, or background versus foreground.

•Unity is the principle of design that unifies all other principles

within a piece of work, allowing each individual element to
coexist with one another to form an aesthetically pleasing
design.

•Emphasis is a strategy that aims to draw the viewer's

attention to a specific design element. That could be to an area of
content, to an event, to an image, to a link, or to a button, etc.
The aim is to create a focal point in the design, an eye-catching
part that stands out, distinct from the rest of the design elements.

•Contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements and

effects. For example, light and dark colors, smooth and rough
textures, large and small shapes. Contrast can be used to create
variety, visual interest, and drama in an artwork.

•Pattern can have multiple meanings and elements in design.

Repetition focuses on the same object being repeated. Patterns
are made up from different components which are then
repeated in the same way throughout the design.

•Movement is the path the viewer's eye takes through the work
of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along
lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art. The main
goal is for the artist is to direct the viewers eye movement
through an entire piece to rest on the focus of interest

•Rhythm suggests movement or action. Rhythm is usually

achieved through repetition of lines, shapes, colors, and more. It
creates a visual tempo in artworks and provides a path for the
viewer's eye to follow. Rhythms help to guide the viewer's eye
around a piece rather than allowing the eye to settle on a
particular focal point.

“Every Art master piece is like God’s creation of man, it start from
the beauty of its own nakedness”- Anonymous -