ART 1113 Final Study Guide

Chapter 3.1
● What achievements characterize the beginning of civilization?

● Which Roman emperor aligned himself with both the pagan gods and with Christianity?

● Which civilization developed cuneiform writing?

● Which two architectural orders are visible at the Parthenon?

● Which type of Greek vase painting was invented first?

Chapter 3.2
● On which type of medieval architecture can spires be found?

● The visual appear ache of Christ was similar to the appearance of pagan gods until
which century?

● To which location did Emperor Constantine move the center of the Roman Empire in 330
CE?

● What is the central space of a cathedral called?

● Which works of art are considered “didactic”?

Chapter 3.3
● The earliest known painting in China dates back to when?

● What aspect of ​ukiyo-e​ printing style did nineteenth century Impressionist artists adopt?

● The ______________________ made by ancient people living in the Americas gives us

information about their lives, beliefs, and cultural practices.

Chapter 3.4
● Basket-making is a long-standing tradition for California Indians. What are two of the
most common methods of construction?

● What were Inca structures made with?

● The ___________________made by ancient people living in the Americas gives us

information about their lives, beliefs, and cultural practices.
Chapter 3.5
● Art from ______________________ has served as a way to communicate cultural
beliefs, rules, and fables to outsiders and within the community.

● Because of the materials traditionally used to make African buildings,

______________________________.

● In Africa, figurative sculpture has been made _________________________________.

Chapter 3.6
● During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, patrons made many of the decisions
about how an artwork would look. What are some examples of this?

● What artistic style is characterized by exaggerated poses, proportions, and gestures?

● Which biblical character was sculpted by the three artists Bernini, Donatello, and
Michelangelo during the Renaissance and Baroque periods?

● What cultures from the “classical past” did Renaissance thinkers and artists admired?

Chapter 3.7
● What is an absolute monarchy?

● In the French Academy, which type of painting was considered to be the finest in the
hierarchy of genres?

● Neoclassicism recalls subject matter and imagery from which cultures?

● What is the nineteenth-century European art movement that was concerned with the
power of the imagination that greatly valued intense feelings?

● Which artist shocked critics by creating a painting of poor workers on large-sized

canvas?

Chapter 3.8

● Artworks by painters in the US who chose representational styles and were influenced
by the harsh realities of the Great Depression in 1929 came to be known as
__________________________.

● Expressionist artists tried to depict what they __________________ rather than what
they _________________________.
 ● Late nineteenth-century painters who conveyed the sensations of the modern city and
the effects of light are called what?

● What are the characteristics of the art movement Dada?

● What common characteristics do artworks influenced by the movement of Cubism

share?

Chapter 3.9
● If an artist was working without artistic training, creating paintings inspired by his or her
dreams, we would call this person a ___________________________, or outsider,
artist.

● Joseph Kosuth’s ​One and Three Chairs​ encourages the viewer to think about how we
understand the world around us, through looking at the different ways we can
experience the object we call a “chair.” This is an example of
________________________ art.

● What is the term used when an artist borrows objects, figures, or entire compositions
from the work of other artists?

● What was the first Modernist art movement to originate in the US rather than Europe?

Chapter 4.1
● The Gates​ was an enormous artwork erected by Christo and Jeanne-Claude in Central
Park, New York City. Although the artwork itself was on display for only sixteen days, it
took _________________________ of negotiation with city officials to approve the
project.

● A “man-made mountain” is another term for a __________________________.

● Diego Rivera worked in the medium of __________________________, which was

traditional in Mexico.

● Frank Lloyd Wright’s Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York is highly

____________________________.

● What do gelede rituals, performed by the Yoruba in Nigeria, celebrate?

● The word ​vomitoria​, used to describe the entryways of the ancient Roman Colosseum,
conveys what?

● What are characteristics of “community art”?

Chapter 4.2
● What are characteristics of artwork that show interaction between humans and deities?

● In African art, such as that of the Senufo people, spirit figures are often shown as what?

● In the relief sculpture from the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece,
the figures of the Lapith people are what?

● What shared aspects of the caves at Lascaux and the catacombs in Rome indicate that
these places were sacred to those who used them?

● What shared theme connects the ancient Egyption ​Book of the Dead​, Giselbertus’s
tympanum at the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, and Vermeer’s ​Woman Holding a Balance​?

● Whether pagan, Christian, or Buddhist, artworks depicting deities are generally intended
to ___________________________.

Chapter 4.3
● Are artistic depictions of death more prevalent now than during the Renaissance?

● Artworks that engage with the theme of the cycle of life ______________________.

● Artworks with a vanitas theme are often in the _______________________ genre.

● How do ​bis​ poles represent the cyclical nature of human life?

● How does the Hopi ​kachina​ doll relate to nature?

● A mother and baby were photographed _______________________ in “Julie, Den

Haag, The Netherlands, February 29, 1994”?

Chapter 4.4
● Applying tiny dots of color to a canvas to create optical effects is referred to as
___________________________.

● Artists belonging to the ________________________ movement makes works inspired

by dreams and the subconscious.

● Gunther von Hagens, a German artist who combined anatomy and science, developed
this art technique, which preserves bodies after death. _________________________
 ● What navigational guide did Muslims use to find the direction toward which to pray to
Mecca and also to calculate the time of day?

● What scientific process can scholars use to view what lies beneath layers of paint on an
artwork’s surface?

● When restorers began work on cleaning the Sistine Chapel ceiling in 1980, what did they
discover had affected the original appearance of the frescoes?

● When the eye blends two colors that are near each other, creating a new color, this is
known as _________________________.

Chapter 4.5
● The School of Athens​, an architectural illusion created by Raphael, was painted for the
library of __________________________.

● Audrey Flack’s painting ​Marilyn (Vanitas)​ contains what reminders of the brevity of life?

● Chuck Close painted with ____________________ to create portraits of friends and

family.

● Contemporary artist Duane Hanson creates incredibly lifelike sculptures; all of them
_________________________ the view.

● What term describes the optical trick of swelling columns at midpoint (in order for them
not to appear hourglass-shaped at a distance), as used in the design of the Parthenon?

● Which ancient Greek artist won a contest to create the most convincing painted illusion?

● Which two philosophers, included in the center of ​The School of Athens​, highlight the
development of learning in the ancient world?

Chapter 4.6
● How can artists emphasize the importance of a ruler?

● What do purple robes, such as the ones ones seen in the mosaic depicting Emperor
Justinian from San Vitale, represent?

● How does Jacque-Louis David’s painting ​Napoleon Crossing the Alps ​depict the French
emperor?

● King Hammurabi of Babylon had his law code carved onto a stela for public viewing.
How has his code often been summarized?

● The most deeply carved—therefore most important—element in the sunken relief of the
Egyptian king Akhenaten, his queen Nefertiti, and their three daughters is what?
 ● Describe the colossal heads of the Olmec.

Chapter 4.7
● How does ​Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace​ give us a strong sense of the weaponry
favored by the Japanese samurai?

● What does Francisco Goya’s ​The Second of May, 1808 ​and ​The Third of May, 1808
depict?

● Maya Lin’s Vietnam Memorial is located where?

● Nick Ut’s ​Vietnamese Girl Kim Phue Running after Napalm Attack ​can be interpreted as
the artist’s disapproval of ________________________.

● Why was Pablo Picasso’s ​Guernica​ created in black and white?

● Pablo Picasso’s ​Guernica, ​1937, can be interpreted as the artist’s outrage against
_______________________.

● The figure carrying another figure on the right-hand wing of Otto Dix’s triptych ​The War​ is
whom?

● Timothy O’Sullivan’s ​Harvest of Death​ is a _______________________.

Chapter 4.8
● Adolf Hitler took a strong stance against modern art that he believed did not conform to
Nazi party goals. What actions did he take?

● Chris Jordans’ “Gyre” is made from _______________.

● Dorothea Lance’s ​Migrant Mother ​is a well-known symbol for the plight of whom?

● Eric Fischl’s ​Falling Woman​ deals with what subject?

● In 1914, Diego Velazquez’s ​The Toilet of Venus (Rokeby Venus) ​was

_______________.

● Kehinde Wiley depicted a young black man in modern clothing, in a pose reminiscent of
___________________.

● What does Theodore Gericault’s ​Raft of the Medusa​ focus on?

Chapter 4.9
● What is an artistic representation of the human inure without clothes called?

● Artists Jenny Seville and ORLAN both concentrate on ___________________ in their

self-portraits.

● Ideas about beauty in the Italian Renaissance, as seen in Sandro Botticelli’s ​Birth of
Venus​, actively revive the same concepts found in ___________________________.

● Notions of beauty as seen in artworks are ____________ determined and

_______________________.

● What was the approximate number of nude people in Spencer Tunick’s installation at
Zocalo, Mexico City, Mexico, May 6, 2007?

● Yves Klein’s ​Anthropometries de l’epoque bleue,​ March 9, 1960, used “living brushes” in
its creation. What were those brushes?

Chapter 4.10
● Cindy Sherman’s “Untitled Film Still #35” was intended to comment on the
____________________.

● How did the Feminist artists Judy Chicago and the Guerrilla Girls expand the
opportunities and subject matter of art to include women and issues relevant to them?

● In the twentieth century, personal identity became a central issue for artists. Such
groups as _____________________, who had previously been excluded from
mainstream culture, began celebrating their differences.

● What do the self-portraits by Vincent Van Gogh and Frida Kahlo express?

● What does Spike Lee’s movie ​Do the Right Thing​ focus on?

● What does the sculpture of the Sphinx of Hatshepsut depict?