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    Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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    SEIYADU IBRAHIM K
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without any underlying structural cause. IBS is caused by interactions between the gut, brain, and nervous system and can be triggered by stress, diet, medications, or hormones. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. IBS is diagnosed based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions, and treatment focuses on diet, medications to relieve symptoms, probiotics, and antidepressants.

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    Irritable Bowel Syndrome

    Uploaded by

    SEIYADU IBRAHIM K
    30 views12 pages
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without any underlying structural cause. IBS is caused by interactions between the gut, brain, and nervous system and can be triggered by stress, diet, medications, or hormones. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. IBS is diagnosed based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions, and treatment focuses on diet, medications to relieve symptoms, probiotics, and antidepressants.

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    Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without any underlying structural cause. IBS is caused by interactions between the gut, brain, and nervous system and can be triggered by stress, diet, medications, or hormones. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. IBS is diagnosed based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions, and treatment focuses on diet, medications to relieve symptoms, probiotics, and antidepressants.

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    30 views12 pages

    Irritable Bowel Syndrome

    Uploaded by

    SEIYADU IBRAHIM K
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without any underlying structural cause. IBS is caused by interactions between the gut, brain, and nervous system and can be triggered by stress, diet, medications, or hormones. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. IBS is diagnosed based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions, and treatment focuses on diet, medications to relieve symptoms, probiotics, and antidepressants.

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    of 12

    #FreePalestine

    MediHelp App

    IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME


    (IBS)
    A Quick Overview

    www.medihelpapp.com
    Definition

    Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by


    recurrent abdominal discomfort or pain with at
    least two of the following characteristics:
    relation to defecation, association with a
    change in frequency of stool, or association
    with a change in consistency of stool.
    Etiology of IBS
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS—previously
    called functional gastrointestinal [GI] disorders)
    is a disorder of gut-brain interaction.

    No anatomic cause can be found on laboratory


    tests, imaging studies, and biopsies.

    Emotional factors, diet, drugs, or hormones


    may precipitate or aggravate GI symptoms.
    Etiology of IBS
    Historically, the disorder was often considered
    as purely psychosomatic.

    Although psychosocial factors can be involved,


    IBS is better understood as a combination of
    physiologic and psychosocial factors.
    Symptoms
    Irritable bowel syndrome tends to begin in adolescence and
    the 20s, causing bouts of symptoms that recur at irregular
    periods.
    Symptoms are often triggered by food or by stress.
    Patients have abdominal discomfort, which varies
    considerably but is often located in the lower abdomen, is
    steady or cramping in nature, and is related to defecation.
    It is not unusual for patients to alternate between
    constipation and diarrhea.
    Diagnosis of IBS
    Clinical evaluation, based on Rome criteria
    Limited laboratory tests
    Other tests for patients with red flag findings (e.g Older age,
    Weight loss, Rectal bleeding, and Iron deficiency anemia)

    Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome is based on history,


    specifically characteristic bowel patterns, time and character of
    pain, and absence of red flags, and a focused physical
    examination.
    Treatment of IBS
    Diet
    In general, a normal diet can be followed. Meals should not be
    overly large, and eating should be slow and paced.
    Patients with abdominal distention and increased flatulence
    may benefit from reducing or eliminating beans, cabbage,
    and other foods containing fermentable carbohydrates.
    Reduced intake of sweeteners (eg, sorbitol, mannitol,
    fructose), which are constituents of natural and processed
    foods (eg, apple and grape juices, bananas, nuts, raisins),
    may alleviate flatulence, bloating, and diarrhea.
    Treatment of IBS
    Drug therapy
    Drug therapy is directed toward the dominant symptoms.

    Anticholinergic drugs (eg, hyoscyamine 0.125 mg orally 30 to 60 minutes before


    meals) may be used for their antispasmodic effects, but data on their
    effectiveness are limited.

    In patients with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), the chloride channel


    activator lubiprostone 8 mcg orally twice a day and the guanylate cyclase C
    agonists linaclotide 290 mcg orally once a day or plecanatide 3 mg orally once a
    day may be helpful.
    Treatment of IBS
    Drug therapy
    In patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), diphenoxylate 5
    mg/atropine sulfate 0.05 mg orally (2 tablets or 10 mL) or loperamide 2 to 4
    mg orally may be given before meals.

    Rifaximin is an antibiotic that has been shown to relieve symptoms of bloating and
    abdominal pain and to help decrease looseness of stools in patients with IBS-D.
    The recommended dose of rifaximin for IBS-D is 550 mg orally 3 times a day for
    14 days.
    Treatment of IBS
    Drug therapy

    For many patients, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) help relieve symptoms


    of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating. These drugs are thought to
    reduce pain by down-regulating the activity of spinal cord and cortical
    afferent pathways arriving from the intestine.

    Treatment should begin with a very low dose of a TCA (eg, desipramine 10
    to 25 mg orally once a day at bedtime), increasing as necessary and
    tolerated up to about 200 mg orally once a day.
    Treatment of IBS
    Drug therapy
    The use of probiotics to treat IBS has increased in recent years given
    the importance of the intestinal microbiome in this disorder. However,
    the data on their effectiveness in treating IBS are limited.

    Certain aromatic oils (carminatives) can relax smooth muscle and


    relieve pain caused by cramps in some patients. Peppermint oil is the
    most commonly used agent in this class.
    #freePalestine

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