IBS Physio Presentation (GRP No 4)

PRESENTATION:1
“IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME”

Presented by:
Fatima asif
Nimra arif
Rubail ijaz
Laiba shabaz
Aimna khalid
Presented by:
Mam zoya abid
INTRODUCTION:
IBS, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome, is a common functional

disorder of the digestive system.
It affects the large intestine.
The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it is believed to

involve a combination of factors such as muscle
contractions in the intestine, changes in gut bacteria, and
the brain-gut connection.
While IBS is not harmful or life-threatening, it can

significantly affect quality of life and daily activities.
TYPES:
IBS is classified into 4 subtypes based on
predominant symptoms:
 IBS-D (diarrhea predominant): characterized by

frequent and loose stools.
 IBS-C (constipation predominant): characterized by
infrequent bowel movements and hard stools.
 IBS-M (mixed type): characterized by alternating
episodes of diarrhea and constipation.
 IBS-U (unclassified): characterized by symptoms that
do not fit into the other 3 subtypes.
IBS SYMPTOMS:
The symptoms of IBS can vary from person to person,
but common symptoms include:
 Abdominal pain or discomfort that is relieved by

having a bowel movement.
 Changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea,
constipation, or alternating episodes of both
 Bloating and gas
 Mucus in the stool
 A feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation.
 It's important to note that these symptoms may also be
symptoms of other health conditions, so it's best to
speak with a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
CAUSES:
The exact cause of IBS isn't known. Factors that appear to
play a role include:
Muscle contractions in the intestine: The walls of the

intestines are lined with layers of muscle that contract as they
move food through your digestive tract. Contractions that are
stronger and last longer than usual can cause gas, bloating and
diarrhea. Weak contractions can slow food passage and lead to
hard, dry stools.
Nervous system: Issues with the nerves in your digestive

system may cause discomfort when your abdomen stretches
from gas or stool. Poorly coordinated signals between the brain
and the intestines can cause your body to overreact to changes
that typically occur in the digestive process. This can result in
pain, diarrhea or constipation.
 Severe infection. IBS can develop after a severe bout of
diarrhea caused by bacteria or a virus. This is called
gastroenteritis. IBS might also be associated with a
surplus of bacteria in the intestines (bacterial overgrowth).
 Earlylife stress. People exposed to stressful events,

especially in childhood, tend to have more symptoms
of IBS.
 Changes in gut microbes. Examples include changes in

bacteria, fungi and viruses, which typically reside in the
intestines and play a key role in health. Research indicates
that the microbes in people with IBS might differ from
those in people who don't have IBS.
TRIGGERS:
Symptoms of IBS can be triggered by:
 Food. The role of food allergy or intolerance

in IBS isn't fully understood. A true food allergy rarely
causes IBS. But many people have
worse IBS symptoms when they eat or drink certain
foods or beverages. These include wheat, dairy
products, citrus fruits, beans, cabbage, milk and
carbonated drinks.
 Stress. Most people with IBS experience worse or

more-frequent symptoms during periods of increased
stress. But while stress may make symptoms worse, it
doesn't cause them.
RISK FACTORS:
Many people have occasional symptoms of IBS. But
you're more likely to have the syndrome if you:
Are young. IBS occurs more frequently in people under age 50.
Are female. In the United States, IBS is more common among

women. Estrogen therapy before or after menopause also is a
risk factor for IBS.
Have a family history of IBS. Genes may play a role, as may

shared factors in a family's environment or a combination of
genes and environment.
Have anxiety, depression or other mental health issues. A

history of sexual, physical or emotional abuse also might be a
risk factor.
COMPLICATIONS:
In addition, IBS is associated with:
 Poor quality of life. Many people with moderate to

severe IBS report poor quality of life. Research
indicates that people with IBS miss three times as
many days from work as do those without bowel
symptoms.
 Mood disorders. Experiencing the symptoms

of IBS can lead to depression or anxiety. Depression
and anxiety also can make IBS worse
DIAGNOSIS OF IBS:
The diagnosis of IBS is typically based on the patient's
symptoms and medical history, as there is no specific test to
diagnose IBS. A doctor may use the following steps to
diagnose IBS:
 Medical history: The doctor will ask about symptoms,

frequency, and duration.
 Physical examination: A physical examination, including

a abdominal examination, may be performed to rule out
other causes of symptoms.
 Diagnostic criteria: The doctor may use diagnostic criteria

such as the Rome criteria to determine if the symptoms
meet the criteria for IBS
 Additional tests: In some cases, additional tests may be
performed to rule out other conditions such as
inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, or lactose
intolerance. These tests may include blood tests, stool
tests, and imaging tests such as a colonoscopy or CT
scan.
 Itis important to note that IBS is a diagnosis of

exclusion, meaning other conditions must be ruled out
before a diagnosis of IBS can be made. A doctor should
be consulted for a proper evaluation and diagnosis
TREATMENT OF IBS:
Treatment for IBS depends on the individual's symptoms
and may include the following:
 Dietary changes: A low-FODMAP diet, which limits

certain carbohydrates that can trigger IBS symptoms,
may be recommended. Avoiding foods that trigger
symptoms and drinking plenty of water may also be
helpful.
 Medications: Over-the-counter antispasmodics or

prescription medications such as laxatives, antidiarrheals,
and antidepressants may be used to relieve symptoms.
 Probiotics:Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria,

may help regulate gut bacteria and improve symptoms.
 Stressmanagement: Stress can exacerbate IBS
symptoms, so techniques such as deep breathing,
meditation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy may be
recommended to manage stress.
 Lifestylechanges: Regular exercise and getting

enough sleep can help improve symptoms.
 Itis important to work with a healthcare provider to

determine the best course of treatment, as different
approaches may work better for different people.
Medications should be used only under the
guidance of a doctor.
“REFERENCES”
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-
bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360016
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4342-
irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs
• https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-
liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs
• https://www.webmd.com/ibs/guide/digestive-diseases-
irritable-bowel-syndrome

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PRESENTATION:1

“IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME”

IBS, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome, is a common functional

It affects the large intestine.

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it is believed to

While IBS is not harmful or life-threatening, it can

 IBS-D (diarrhea predominant): characterized by

 Abdominal pain or discomfort that is relieved by

Muscle contractions in the intestine: The walls of the

Nervous system: Issues with the nerves in your digestive

 Earlylife stress. People exposed to stressful events,

 Changes in gut microbes. Examples include changes in

 Food. The role of food allergy or intolerance

 Stress. Most people with IBS experience worse or

Are young. IBS occurs more frequently in people under age 50.

Are female. In the United States, IBS is more common among

Have a family history of IBS. Genes may play a role, as may

Have anxiety, depression or other mental health issues. A

 Poor quality of life. Many people with moderate to

 Mood disorders. Experiencing the symptoms

 Medical history: The doctor will ask about symptoms,

 Physical examination: A physical examination, including

 Diagnostic criteria: The doctor may use diagnostic criteria

 Itis important to note that IBS is a diagnosis of

 Dietary changes: A low-FODMAP diet, which limits

 Medications: Over-the-counter antispasmodics or

 Probiotics:Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria,

 Lifestylechanges: Regular exercise and getting

 Itis important to work with a healthcare provider to

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