Adobe Scan Jan 18, 2024
Adobe Scan Jan 18, 2024
Adobe Scan Jan 18, 2024
3. Visceral
nervous system found in human body (d) First negative then positive and again back to
negative
(a) is a part of peripheral nervous system
(b) comprises the complex of nerves, ganglia and 8. In the resting stage of a neuron, concentration
plexuses gradient generates due to
and
(c) constitutes the connection between CNS (a) high concentration of K* and low
the viscera concentration of Na inside the axon
(d) All of the above (b) high concentration of Na and low
concentration of K* inside the axon
4 Refer to the given diagram of typical neurons. (c) low concentration of Na" outside the axon
(d) high concentration of K* outside the axon
Short Answer Type Questions 44. Explain the role of Nat in the generation of action
potential. (NCERT)
34. Draw a well labelled diagram of the
neuron. 45. Explain the transmission of nerve impulse along a
(NCERT) nerve fibre.
35. Complete the statement by choosing appropriate
match among the following. 46. How a nerve impulse is transmitted across a
synaptic cleft?
A. Resting potential 1 47. Explain the process of the transport andrelease of
Chemicals involved in
the transmission of a neurotransmitter with the help of a labelled
impulses at synapses. diagram showing a complete neuron, axon
B Nerve impulse 2 Gap berween che terminal and synapse.
48. Describe the protective coverings of the brain.
pre-synaptic and (NCERT)
brain.
post-synaptic neurons. 49. Briefly describe the structure ofthe
Coowtination 447
Neural Controland
o (he coehvum
s0 DiwNs the tutonat aeaN wthigetvaltpata
S1, Diteeniate between
(0Thalamus 0 tthalanmux
Q, Diteventate bcween
() Ceebum ( mebellun (NCHRD
WiteshortnoeN the (ollowmg
(0 Forebrain () Midbain
houa
() Hindbrain
nerve and spia () With reference of the above graph explam
S4, Distinguish between ranial (NCERT) whieh pant of the braln i the moNt aetive
nerve m human,
durlng the exAm0natlon?
humman neuralsysten is
$5, The major partsof thethe empy boxes with () What the location and function of
depicted below, AM in hypothalamus?
appropriate words,
() Cerebellum the least aotive among the
Human NervVoua Syaten three braln partsahown in the graph,What ls
ita role in the body?
CNS (iv) Human brain is divided into three matn
regions-forebrain, midbraln and hindbrain,
Autonomo Neural Categorise the parts of the braln glven in the
Brain Syatem graph into thelr rexpective reglon,
S8. The graph given below ahows the ehange in
Midbrain
Spathelic NS voltage tora non-myelinated neuron sending
impulses,
questions
56. Read the following passage and answer the
thatfollows
Raju has recently joined the gym. The frst day,
while doing exercise, he felt increased rate of hvesholt Falled
respiration, heartbeat, sweating, ete. He got 58 Jnillationa
worried as he experienced the sudden changes in Pesting alale
his body. He discussed it with his brother who is a Slmulkue Retactory
perod
biology student. His brother smiled and explained
him that these are the normal activities of the
organs/organ systems that occur during exercise
)
for the maintenance of normal physiology of the Tlme (ns)
human body.
() Name the processes that are necessary for (0 With reference to the above graph explain
maintaining normal physiology of the human along what structure does the Impulse
body. travel?
(i) Define coordination and integration. () Where would sodium channels open and
(iü) Explain how does the various organs of the where would potasslunm channels open?
body are coordinated and integrated during (li) During propagatlon of a nerve impulse, the
exercise. actlon potentlal results from movement of
(iv) Name the two main parts of the human which lons from extracellular fluld to
neural system. intracellular fluid?
57. The data below shows the working of
various part
of a student's brain during a three hours
exam.
long (ii) f this axon were myelinated., what advantage
would it have?
Explanations
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b)
5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) These fibres transmit The
9. (c) 10. (a) I1. (c) 12. (d) impulses towards the away axons
from tthe
ransmicelltbody
nervetoimapulses
13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) cellbody. synapse.
17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c) Ire branches terminate
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (d) into bulb-like synaptic Their branches do not have
25. (a) knobs. synaptic knobs.
26. () (a), (ii) (c), (ii) (d), (iv) (a), (v) (d) 41. Refer to text on page no.
435.
27. (i) (d), (ii) (b), (ii) (c), (iv) (d), (v) (c) 42. Refer to text on page no.
436.
28. Dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal, synaptic knob. 43. (i) Refer to text on page
29. It is the state of the nerve membrane when its inner side no. 435-436.
(ii) Refer to text on page no. 436.
is electronegative to its outer side. (iii) Refer to text on page no. 435.
30. Cerebrum,thalamus, hpothalamus. 44. when a
stimulus is applied t0 a nerve, the
permeable to Natmembrane
31. Areas that contain cell bodies of the neurons. the nerve becomes freely of
32. Amygdala and hippocampus. This leads to a rapid influx of Na"
33. It maintain a constant pressure inside the crania. reversal of the polarity at that site, followed
i.e. the
by the
outer
34. Refer to fig. no. 18.1. of themembrane becomes negatively charged and the surface
35. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 inner side becomes positively charged.
The electrical potential difference
36. Differences between myelinated and non-myelinated across the
axons are as follows membrane is called the action potential, whichplasTna
is in fact
termed as a nerve impulse.
Myelinated Axon Non-myelinated Axon Thus, this shows that Na ions play an
The myelinated nerve fibres Non-myelinated nerve fibres the conduction of nerve impulse. important role in
are enveloped with Schwann are enclosed by a Schwann 45. Refer to text on page no. 435
cells, which form a myelin cells that do not form a
sheath around the axon. myelin sheath around the 46. Refer to text on page no.
axon. 435-436.
47. Refer to text on page no.
Myelinated nerve fibres are These are commonly found 436-437.
found in spinal and cranial in autonomous and the 48. Refer to text on page no. 439.
nerves. somatic nervous systems. 49. Refer to text on page no.
438-440.
37. Hypothalamus (forebrain). 50. Refer to text on page no. 439.
38. In cerebral cortex, there is high concentration of 51. Differences between thalamus and hypothalamus are as
neuron
cell bodies,hence named as grey matter,whereas in follows
medulla there is high concentration of axons, names as
white matter. This sequence of grey and white matter is Thalamus to Hypothalamus
reversed in nerve cord.
39. Refer to text on page no. 435.
The cerebrum wraps It lies ar the base of he
around a structural part of thalamus.
40. Differences between dendrites and axons brain called chalamús.
are as follows
Dendrite Axon
All types of sensory input It contains neurosecretory
These are short fibres The axon is a long branched fibre, passes to the thalamus. cells that secrete
which branch which terminates as a bulb-like hypothalamus hormons.
repeatedly and project structure called synaptic knob. It
out of the cell body possesses synaptic vesicles It controls emotional and It regulates, sexual behavnour
memory functions. expression ofemotional
and contain Nissl's containing chemicals called reactions and motivation.
granules. neurotransmitters.
Neural Control and Coordination 449
Cranial Nerve Spinal Nerve (i1) Hypothalamus lies at the base of the thalamus. It
contains a number of centres which control the
The cranial nerves originate The spinal nerves originate body temperature, urge for eating and drinking. It
in the brain and terminate in the spinal cord and also contains several groups of neurosecretory cells,
extend to parts of the body
mostly in organs, head and below the head. which secrete hormones called hypothalamic
upper body. hormones. (2